Ward A.W. The Cambridge History of British Foreign Policy. 1783-1919. Volume 3
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CHAPTER
VIII
THE FOREIGN OFFICE
Report
from
the
Select Committee on the
Diplomatic
Service,
together
with
Minutes
of
Evidence, etc.,
1861
(459).
Reports
from
H.M.'s
Representatives respecting
the British
and
Foreign
Diplo-
matic
Services,
1869-70
(C. 49).
First
and
Second
Reports
from the
Select
Committee
on the
Diplomatic
and
Consular
Services,
together
with
Minutes
of
Evidence, 1871
(238, 380).
6
3
8
BIBLIOGRAPHIES
Fourth
Report
of the
Royal
Commission to
inquire
into
the
Civil Establishments
of the
different
Offices of
State at
home and
abroad,
1890
(C.
6172).
Minutes
of evidence
relating
to the above
Report
(C.
6172-i).
Report
of
the Committee to
inquire
into the
Constitution of the
Consular
Service,
1903
(Cd.
1634).
Fifth
Report
of the
Royal
Commission
on
the
Civil
Service,
1914 (Cd.
7748).
Appendix
to
the
above
Report
(containing
the
Minutes of
Evidence)
(Cd.
7749).
Memorandum
by
the Board of Trade
and
the
Foreign
Office with
respect
to the
future
organisation
of Commercial
Intelligence, 19 17 (Cd.
8715).
Foreign
Office Lists
from
the earliest
in
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Anson,
Sir
W. R.
Law and
Custom
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the
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ch.
4.
Oxford,
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British
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1920-21,
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lxx, 705:
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1922.
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i860.
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English
Citizen
Series. 1882.
INDEX
Abbas
II,
Khedive of
Egypt, 247,
379,
380; deposed,
510
Abdul
Aziz,
Sultan of
Turkey,
94-9;
154, 159
Abdul
Aziz,
Sultan of
Morocco,
see
Morocco
Abdul Hamid
II,
Sultan
of
Turkey, 99,
101-8,
113, 115, 123-4;
and
Egypt,
i62ff.,
172-4;
and
William
II,
271;
and
Macedonia
(1901-7),
373-82
;
and
Balkan
Railway, 395
;
grants
Constitu-
tion,
401
Abdulla
Jan,
74,
82,
85
Abdur
Rahman,
Ameer
of
Afghanistan,
90;
187-91
Aberdeen,
George
Hamilton-
Gordon,
Earl
of,
Prime-Minister,
91
;
and
Foreign Affairs,
563-4,
568-71;
and
the
Press,
568, 578
;
596
Aborigines
Protection
Society,
and
Congo
State,
367
Abyssinia,
Expedition to, 16-19;
France
and,
210;
318;
Italy, Germany
and,
213-4;
Anglo-French
Agreement
and
Conventions
with,
214; railway
in,
318;
Accord of
July
6th,
1906 (Great
Britain,
France and
Italy), 318
Achmed
Aga,
102,
105
Acton,
J.
E.
E.
Dalberg-Acton,
Lord,
578; 594
Acts of
Parliament :
Foreign
Enlistment
(18 19), 57
ff.
amended
(1870), 60, 61,
67-9
Canadian
Confederation
(1867),
201
Adair,
Robert,
Ambassador to
Turkey,
552
Adams,
C.
F.,
American Ambassador in
London, 57-60
Adams,
Henry,
64-5
Adana,
299 ;
massacre
in,
456
Addington,
H.
Unwin,
566,
584-5, 594
Addington
Ministry, the,
548-9
Addis
Abeba,
Railway
to,
318
Aden,
17,
18
Adowah,
battle
of,
214
Adrianople,
British
Vice-Consul
at,
102
;
Russian march
on,
118;
siege
of
(1913),
473
; vilayet
of,
378
—
Armistice
of
(1878),
123-4
Adriatic,
Servia and
the,
471
Aegean
Sea,
Bulgaria
and
the, 130
Aehrenthal,
Baron
Aloys
L.
B.,
Austrian
Foreign
Minister,
and
Macedonia,
395~6;
and
annexation of
Bosnia,
402-1
1
;
and
Italy,
454-6
;
death
of,
470
Afghanistan,
British
Treaties
with
(1855-
73), 72-3.
(1905)
329;
Anglo-Russian
Treaty
on
(1907),
359-62,
365
Afghanistan,
British
policy
in
(1874-80),
72-90;
War
in,
89;
Russia
and,
319
—
Boundary
Commission
for
(1884-95),
189-92
Protocol
of
(July,
1887),
191
Afghanistan,
Ameers
of,
see
Dost
Mohammad,
Habibulla,
Shere
Ali,
Yakoob Khan
Africa,
European
Partition
of,
200-18,
613
—
German
East,
208
;
534
South-West,
208,
534
—
French
West,
310;
Anglo-French
Convention on
(1904),
310,
3i3ff.
—
Great
Lakes
of,
176
—
South,
see
South
Africa
—
West,
200,
208-1
1
Agadir,
Crisis of
(19 11),
438-56
Akaba,
Gulf
of,
379, 380
Akhor Ahmed
Khan,
Mir,
83
Alabama,
State, 55
Alabama,
cruise of
the,
59,
69
—
Question, 39;
54, 57-71 ;
258
Alaschgerd valley,
141
Alaska,
British
and
American
disputes
on,
227 ; Boundary negotiations,
298
Albania,
Albanians,
91,
100,
129
f.,
141;
152-3; 373ff«,
395
5
State
of,
472
Albert,
King
of the
Belgians, telegram
to
King
George, 503
;
at
Peace
Con-
ference,
531
Albert,
Prince
of
Saxe-Coburg
and
Gotha,
Prince
Consort,
563, 566;
and
the
Foreign
Office,
571-6,
579, 582-3,
602
Alcock,
Sir
Rutherford,
621
Aleppo, 300
Alexander
I,
Tsar
of
Russia,
551
—
II,
Tsar of
Russia,
24,
41, 45-6;
75;
and
Turkey, 98,
108;
refuses
mediation,
121
;
and
Germany,
144-5,
149
—
Ill,
Tsar
of Russia
(Tsarevitch),
24-5;
and
Afghanistan,
189;
William
II
and,
232
—
of
Battenberg,
Prince
of
Bulgaria,
I49-50
Alexandra,
Queen,
429
Alexandria,
158;
rebellion
in,
169;
bom-
bardment
of,
1
70-1
; indemnity for,
179;
315
Alfonso
XIII,
King
of
Spain, 318
Algeciras,
Conference of
(1904-6),
348-9;
steps previous
to,
338-48;
356; abrogated, 439-40;
conditions
after,
432, 438-56
Algeria,
France
and, 210,
309
640
INDEX
Ali
Masjid,
fort,
86^7
Allenby,
General,
in Asiatic
Turkey,
52i
Alliances
and
Leagues:
Anglo-French,
see Entente
Anglo-Japanese
(1902,
1905), 286-93,
304>
336-7, 344
The Alliance
of
1914-18
{before
1914
see
Entente)
,
adherence
of Russia
to
{see Triple Entente);
of
Japan,
509;
Italy,
510;
Servia,
511;
Roumania,
513 ;
Portugal, 515
;
reply
to
Central
Powers
(Dec. 1916), 515;
to Presi-
dent Wilson
(Jan.
I9i7),5i6;
attack
on,
524;
victory of,
ib.\
readiness
to
negotiate, 525
Dual
(1879)
and
Triple (1882)
of
Austria,
Germany
and
Italy,
144-7,
278, 337;
and
the
Balkans,
472ff.,
ch.
VI
passim
;
becomes Alliance
of
Central
Powers
(19
14),
see
Austria,
Germany;
inclusion of
Turkey,
510;
Bulgaria, 511;
ended,
538;
negotiations
proposed (191 6),
514;
statement to
U.S.A.,
517,
523
Coalition
against
France,
the
Third,
552
Franco-Russian,
145, 274,
276,
337,
473-6,
499;
see
Triple
Entente
Franco-British;
see
Entente,
Anglo-
French
The
Holy (18 15)
and
Great
Britain,
555
Italo-Prussian
(1866),
4-5
Russo-German
(1905),
337
Russo-Chinese, 232
Triple (1788),
of
Great
Britain,
Hol-
land and
Prussia,
544
Triple,
of the Three
Emperors,
142-5
—
of
Austria,
Germany
and
Italy
;
see
Dual
above
Quadruple,
during
Crimean
War,
266
Alsace-Lorraine,
German
seizure
of,
43 ;
Austrian
proffer
of,
518;
British
pro-
nouncement
on,
522
;
recovered,
530
Alverstone, Lord,
Chief
Justice,
and
Alaska
Boundary, 298
Amballa,
74-5
American
Independence,
Fox's
and
Shel-
burne's
views
of,
543
Amoy,
Germany
and,
232
Ampthill,
Odo
Russell,
Lord,
43, 49,
50,
54;
at Berlin
Congress,
137-8;
mistake
of,
207
«.;
550;
578,
602
Anatolian
Railways
Co.,
299
Anderson,
Sir
Percy, 613
Andrdssy,
Count
Julius,
Hungarian
Minister,
49;
and
Bosnia,
92, 95-100;
no;
117, 119, 127-8;
and
Berlin
Congress,
132,
I34~5» !37> *39;
and
Dual
Alliance,
144-5
—
Note
(Dec. 1875), 97
Anglo-Austrian
Commercial
Treaty
(1865), 607
Anglo-Belgian
military conversations,
347-8, (1912)
469-70
—
French
relations
(Aberdeen),
569,
(Malmesbury),
579
Conventions
and
Treaties :
On
Zanzibar
(1862),
214,(1890)217;
on
Congo
(1894),
251,
(1898) 255-6;
on
Madagascar
(1904),
222;
with
Abyssinia (1904),
214;
on
Egypt,
309-12,
see
Egypt,
Dual
Control
Treaty
of
1
904
(text),
3
11-125339,343,
454;
naval
understanding (19
12),
467-9;
see
Entente,
Anglo-French
and
Spanish
Declaration
on
Morocco
(1904),
339
—
German
Convention,
on
Africa
(1890),
216-7, (1893)
216
Colonial
Secret
Treaty
(1898),
258, 269, 470, 477
;
revised
(1913),
477
Convention
on Samoa
(1898),
277
Treaty
on
China
(1900),
281,
284;
287, 289,
291;
319
Friendship Society
(191
1), 438
relations,
idea of
Alliance,
145-7,
274
;
negotiations
for, 276-9,
282-6
;
in
1907-8, 385-94
—
Japanese
Agreement (Jan.
30,
1902),
292-3;
3°4»
319
—
Portuguese
Treaty
on
Congo
(1884),
208-9; (June n,
1891)
see
Windsor,
Treaty of,
212
—
Russian Convention
(1878),
133-6,
(1907) 358-66, 398,
422;
Entente,
356ff., 397ff.
Memorandum
to
Persia,
413-4
—
Tibetan
Treaty
;
see
Tibet
—
Turkish
Convention
(June
4, 1878).
135-6, 141, 143, 148
—
Venezuelan
Treaty
(1902), 297
Angola,
201,
258,
477
Angora, railway at,
299
Angra
Pequena,
201
Annam, 197-8
Anne,
Queen,
change
in relations of
Throne to
Foreign Policy
after,
541
Antananarivo, 219
Antivari, 121, 128,
141
Antwerp, 295
;
367
Arabi, Ahmed,
leads
Egyptian revolt,
163, 166, 169-74
Arabia,
522,
and see Mecca
Arbitration, International,
between Great
Britain
and
U.S.A., 54, 67, 223-7;
General
Treaty
for
(1908),
228;
at
the
Hague (1899),
258-62
—
Treaties
(1903-5),
228,
308
—
on
Venezuela
(1901-2), 297;
New-
foundland
and
Nova
Scotia,
299
Ardahan,
annexed
by
Russia, 129, 138,
141
J
4r^
r
onaMf,LordCurzon
,
scruiseinthe,32i
Arkansas,
55
Armaments,
Limitation
of;
see
Hague
Conference,
the
Second
Naval
INDEX
641
Armenia,
Russia
and,
127-8,
131, 133;
Britain
and,
141, 151;
fate
of,
144,
153; question
of
(1894-
1904), 233-7;
Turkish
pledges
on,
233
; 271
;
522
Armistice of
Nov.
n,
1918,
525
Army
and
Navy Gazette,
The,
304
Artis,
Epirus,
152
Asia,
Central,
frontier
disputes
in,
187-
200
—
Minor
;
see
Turkey-in-Asia
Asquith,
Herbert
H.,
Prime-Minister
(1908), 389;
and Near
East,
405;
speaks
on Naval Estimates
(1909), 431
;
on
Agadir, 449; 466-7, 471,
481;
in
1914,
499,
503
;
announces War to
Parliament,
506
;
to
the
City, 509
;
on
German maritime
destruction, 512-13 ;
resignation
of
(1916),
515
;
521
Assab,
213
Assouan,
177, 179
Atbara,
battle
of
the,
249
Athens,
238
Atlantic,
Anglo-French
naval defence
in,
467-8,
500-2
Augustenburg (Schleswig-Holstein-
Sonderburg),
Frederick,
Duke
of,
5
Aust,
George,
Permanent Under-Secre-
tary
in
F.O.,
547
^
Australia and S. African
War,
281
;
and
New
Hebrides,
318
Austria
(Austro-Hungarian
Empire)
and
Prussia
(1866),
3-15; 24;
and
Italy
(1866),
6-7 ;
and
mediation
(1870),
42
;
and
Russia,
44,
106,
127;
and Near
East,
48-9,
51-4;
and Bosnian
Revolt,
92-100;
and
Balkan
questions (1876-
8), 106-31
;
and
Great Britain
(1878),
127;
and
Berlin
Congress,
132-44;
charged
with Bosnia and
Herzegovina,
140;
annexations
by,
144, 148;
and
Bulgaria, 150;
and
Egyptian Debt,
J
59 J
3
J 6
;
and
Crete,
242
;
and
France,
245;
and
triple accord,
246;
anti-
British
feeling
in,
272;
and
China,
288,
289
;
and Morocco
Question,
342
;
and
naval
limitations,
351
;
and
Anglo-
Russian
Entente,
see
Aehrenthal;
and
Bosnia and
Turkey,
402-1
1
;
refuses
Conference
(1908),
405 ;
Medi-
terranean fleet
of,
467;
and Balkan
War
(191 2),
470
ff.
;
German action
on
(1914), 486fT.,
497fL;
attacks
Servia,
492, 497-9;
responsibility of,
ib.
bid
to
Italy, 510;
Emperor
Charles's offer
to Poland
and
Servia, 518;
British
assurances
to
(1918),
522; disintegra-
tion
of,
525,
537;
Treaty with,
see
St
Germain;
C.
J.
Fox
and,
543;
claim
of
hegemony
in
Italy,
580
—
Francis
Ferdinand
of,
Archduke,
murdered,
486
Austro-German
Alliance
(and
see
Triple
Alliance)
in
1913,
473
;
in
19
14, 486
ff.
—
Prussian
War
(1866),
3-8; 37
W.&G.III
Austro-Russian
Convention
(1877),
116
Supplementary
Convention,
117
negotiations,
145
;
on disarma-
ment,
259;
on
Macedonia
(1902-7),
374-82
Ava,
kingdom
of,
193
ff.
Ayoob
Khan,
90
Azores,
the,
258
Bab-el-Mandeb,
213
Backhouse,
Mr,
of
the
F.O.,
566,
585
Baden,
Prince
Max
of,
German Chan-
cellor,
524-5
Bagdad,
127
—
railway, 271,
299-300;
Windsor
negotiations
on,
386;
461, 478-81
Bagehot,
Walter, cited,
582,
597
Bahama
Islands,
57
Bahama,
S.S.,
59
Bahr-el-Ghazal, 216,
253
Baker,
Sir
Samuel,
176
Baktiari
chiefs,
417
Balance
of
Power,
the
European, 9, 10,
30, 36; 130;
British
policy and,
349,
400;
end
of,
538
Balfour,
Earl
of,
Arthur
James,
294;
and
Bagdad railway, 300; 305;
fall of
Ministry of,
344
;
on Russian
Entente,
364,
398;
on German
navy,
431;
on
alliances,
467; Foreign
Secretary
(191
6),
517;
and Peace
proffers,
520-
1
;
Plenipotentiary,
526
;
and French
frontier, 529; signs
Guarantee,
536;
negotiates
Treaties,
537
;
and
Palestine,
538;
and
League
of
Nations,
618
—
of
Burleigh,
Lord,
297
Balkan
League (1912-13)
and
War,
470-3
;
effects
of,
473-80
—
Mountains,
line of
the,
118,
131
et
al.
—
Peninsula,
the, 91, 605
;
see
Turkey,
Serbia,
Bulgaria,
etc.,
Berlin
Con-
gress,
Russia,
etc.
—
War
of
1
91
2,
470-3
Balkh,
73
Balmoral, Grey
and
Sazonoff at
(191
2),
471,
482
Baltic
Powers,
C.
J.
Fox
and, 543
;
see
Russia, Sweden,
etc.
Baluchistan,
84
Bangkok,
197-8
Ban-Rtgh,
case of
the,
294-6
Baptist
Missionary
Society,
428
Baravelli,
M.,
159-60
Barclay,
Sir
George,
British
Minister
in
Persia,
416,
418-9
—
Sir
Thomas,
and
Anglo-French
Agreement,
306, 308
Baring,
Sir
Evelyn
;
see
Cromer,
Lord
—
Walter,
103
n.,
104-5
Barnardiston,
Colonel,
Military
Attache
in
Brussels,
347-8
Barnes,
George
N.,
Plenipotentiary,
526
Barotse, kingdom
of
the,
212
4i
642
INDEX
Barrere,
Camille,
French Ambassador
at
Rome,
451
Bashford,
L.
(journalist),
303
Bashi-Bazouks,
95,
101, 102,
104;
and
Armenia,
234
Basra,
and German
Railway,
300;
Rus-
sian Consul
at,
320; port
of,
478-80
Batak,
102
Bathurst, Hy Bathurst,
3rd
Earl,
553
Batoum, 116;
annexed
by Russia, 129,
133,
138,
141, 143
Battenberg,
Prince
Alexander
of,
273
—
Prince Louis
of,
486
;
order to the
Fleet
(19
14), 493
Bavaria,
24,
35
Bayard,
T.
F.,
U.S.A.
Secretary
of
State,
223
Bayazid,
Russia
and,
129,
141
Beaconsfield, Benjamin
Disraeli,
Earl
of,
cited, 8-10;
13, 15, 18,
19, 36, 38;
and American
Civil
War, 56
;
Asiatic
policy
of,
77,
80,
84,
88
;
Ministry
of
(1874-80), 77-90;
145-7,
260
ff.;
and
Turkey
(1874-6), 9
5-«4; (1877-8)
115-44;
at
Berlin,
I37ff.,
142-3;
and
a
German
alliance,
145-7;
and
Suez
Canal, 157-8;
and
South
Africa,
201-4;
and
F.O.,
594, 600-3;
fall
of,
144
Bebel,
August,
German
Socialist,
303
Bechuanaland,
annexed,
208;
211
Behring
Sea
Fishery,
British and
American claims as
to,
226-7
Belgian
neutrality,
Treaty
on
(1870), 41
—
railways,
38-40; Franco-Belgian
Commission
for, 39
Belgium, independence
and
neutrality
of,
11-15; 22,
24; 36-41;
43, 47;
feeling
towards
Britain
(1899), 270;
dread
of
German
invasion
in,
347-8,
469-70;
and
Congo
State,
370-3,
424-9;
German
threats to
neutrality
of
(1914),
496;
British
concern
for,
5001T.;
German
ultimatum
to,
503,
505
;
invasion
of,
505
;
restoration of
discussed,
520, 522,
523
;
neutrality
revoked,
532
Belgrad,
see
Servia
—
Circular
Note
from, 408
Benckendorff
, Count,
Russian
Ambassa-
dor
in
London,
324-5, 349,
352,
381
;
400,
407-8;
418, 420-3;
and
Agadir,
451,
455,
471;
474;
desires
closer
relations,
478-86;
in
19
14,
494
Benedetti,
Count
Vincent, 10-12;
at
Ems,
32-5; 38
—
Treaty, 38,
40
Berber,
182,
184,
249
Berchtold, Count, 402;
Austrian
Foreign
Minister,
470
;
attacks
Servia,
486-8
Bergne,
J.
B.,
and
Sir
J.
H.
G.,
of the
F.O.,
591
Berlin,
Conference
at
(1876),
98
Memorandum
of,
98-100, 114
Berlin,
Congress
of
(1878), 132-44
—
Treaty of,
86,
142;
breaches
of,
143-4, 402-12;
execution
of,
148-53
;
unfulfilled
provisions
of,
233-42;
Greece
and,
238-9 ;
Soudan
and, 251
;
Article
xxv
of,
408-1
1
—
Conference of
Ambassadors
at
(1880),
152; Congo
Conference
at
(1884-5),
209, 369,
372;
Conference
suggested
at
(1907),
387; King
Ed-
ward's visit
to,
429;
financial
panic
in,
451;
Russian Minister
at
(1914),
481
—
Court and
Ministry
of,
4,
22,
31
et
al.
;
see
William II
Berliner
Tageblatt,
the,
484
Bernard,
Professor
Montague,
66
Bernstorff,
Christian
Gunther,
Count,
5, 7, 12,
13; 34; 44,
49,
51
—
Count
Albrecht,
Secretary
to German
Ambassador in
London,
297
Bertie,
Sir
Francis,
Ambassador
at
Paris,
420,
610
Bessarabia,
46;
Russian
annexation
of,
100,
117, 129,
131,
133, 141
Bethmann-Hollweg,
T. T.
von,
German
Chancellor,
391, 433, 456,
458-65,
476-8,
485-6
;
desires
peace, 491
;
495
;
bids for British
neutrality,
496-501
;
last
peace
efforts
of,
497, 499
;
blames
Great
Britain,
506 ;
suggests
negotia-
tions
(Dec. 19
1
6)
and
submarine
methods,
517;
resigns, 519
Beust,
Count F.
F.
von,
Imperial
Chan-
cellor,
38,
48-9;
92
Bhutan, Treaty
with,
365
Biarritz,
Interview
of
(1865),
4
Biddulph, General,
87
Birkenhead,
58
Bismarck
(New Britain)
Archipelago,
208
Bismarck-Schonhausen,
Otto
E.
L.,
Prince
von,
3-16;
and
Franco-Ger-
man
War,
21-40;
and Peace
of
1871,
40-54
;
great position
of,
54
;
78
;
92-3
;
98;
no;
and
Berlin
Congress
(1878),
134-44;
and
subsequent
Alliances,
144-7;
and
Turkey, 148;
and
Gran-
ville,
168;
and
colonial
movement,
207, 215; approaches
Great
Britain,
146-7, 245-6,
257;
French
view
of,
171
; repulses
France, 245
;
and
Russia
and
Austria,
246;
and
anti-
British
propaganda,
273;
suggests
Anglo-German
Alliance,
146-7,
274;
dismissal
of,
275; 539;
586
—
Count
Herbert
von,
168,
245;
on
F.O.,
618
Bitlis,
Armenia,
234
Bjorko,
Treaty
of
(1905),
337-8,
356
Black
Sea,
Clauses
on,
in
Treaty
of
Paris
(1856),
45-53
Blignieres,
M.de
(French
Commissioner
in
Egypt),
159-62,
169
INDEX
643
Bloemfontein,
conference
at,
264
Bloomfield,
Lord,
49
Board of
Trade,
the,
and
F.O.,
607,
623-4
Boers,
201,
204ff.,
see
Transvaal;
and
Kaiser
William
II,
294
Boer
War, the,
263-6
;
turning
point
in
Foreign Policy,
266
ff.
Bohemia,
4,
517
Bojana,
the,
152
Bolshevists,
in
Russia, 518-21;
and
the
Peace,
529
Boma
(Congo), 370,
427
Bombay,
18;
320
—
Governor
of,
18
Bordeaux,
National
Assembly
at,
43
Borden,
Sir
Robert,
Prime-
Minister of
Canada,
at
Paris, 526
Bosnia,
Revolt in
(1875), 91-100,
106;
108-9,
IJI
>
I2
8;
Austrian
claim
on,
117,
129, 135;
Austrian
administra-
tion
of,
140;
annexation
of,
144,
148;
402-11
;
effect
of on
Servia,
491
;
rail-
way
in,
395
;
designed
for
Servia, 511
Bosphorus,
free
navigation
of, 117,
129;
German control
of,
474,
510
Botha,
General
Louis, 266,
532
Boulanger, General,
245
Bourbon,
Prince
Sixte
de, peace sug-
gestions
through (191 6), 518
Bourne, Fox, 367
Bowles,
Gibson,
300,
340,
508
Boyd
Carpenter,
Bishop
W.,
385
Bratiano,
Ion,
Roumanian
Premier,
513
Brazil,
70
Brenner
Pass,
510
Bresson,
Count,
French
Ambassador to
Madrid,
570
Brest,
British
squadron
at,
341
—
French
squadron
from,
467
Brest-Litovsk,
Treaty
of,
524
Brewer, Justice
D.
J.,
226
Briand,
Aristide,
French
Premier,
rejects
German
proffer (1916),
514
Bridges,
Colonel,
Military
Attache"
in
Brussels,
469
Bright, John,
39, 40, 170
British
Columbia,
frontier
of, 227
British
Royal
Niger
Company, 210, 213,
217
—
East
African
Association,
211
Africa
Company,
211-13, 215
—
South
Africa
Company,
211,
213
Brodrick;
see
Midleton,
Lord
Browne,
General,
87
—
Professor
E.
G.,
on
Persia,
413,
416IT.
Brunnow,
Baron
Ernst
Philipp
von,
Russian
Ambassadorat
London,
47,
75
Brussels
Conference,
371-3
Bryan,
U.S.A.
Secretary
of
State,
71
Bryce,
James
(Lord),
299,
606
Buchanan,
Sir
Andrew,
Ambassador
at
Petrograd,
46-7,
49, 51
;
595,
602
Buchanan,
Sir
George,
Ambassador at
Petrograd,
410-20,
485,
492
Bucharest,
siege
of,
514
—
Peace
of
(18
12),
552
—
Treaty
of
(
1
886), 150
—
Peace
of
(1913),
473
Bucher,
Lothar
(German
Agent),
145
Buchlau,
interview
of
(1908),
402
ff.
Buckingham
and
Chandos,
R.
P. T.
N.
C.
B.,
Duke
of,
201
Bulgaria,
91,
97, iooff.;
Russia
and,
108;
reforms
for,
109-11;
plan
of a
greater, no, 118,
128-31;
Britain
against, 139;
Berlin
Treaty
and,
140,
239; established,
143,
148-50;
(1901-
7) 373-82;
independence
proclaimed,
403
;
financial
help
from
Russia,
407
;
part
in
Balkan
War,
470
ff.;
attacks
Servia
and
Greece,
473
;
joins
Central
Powers,
511
;
surrenders,
524; Treaty
with,
see
Neuilly
"Bulgarian
Atrocities,"
100-7,
IIQ
—
Exarchate,
101
Biilow,
Prince Bernhard
von,
German
Chancellor,
27
1
;
duplicity
of,
277-
80;
and
China,
281;
and
anti-British
propaganda,
282-3;
284-6; 297, 303,
338ff., 343,
351;
(in
1907)
387, 389;
cited,
350;
interviewed,
391
;
on
Navy,
394;
on
Macedonia,
395;
and
Anglo-
Russian
understanding,
399;
ulti-
matum to
Russia,
409-10;
439; pro-
fessions of
(1909), 430,
432
Bulwer,
Sir H.
Lytton, 227
—
H. L.
E.
(Lord Dalling
and
Bulwer),
Historical
Characters,
cited,
556;
Am-
bassador
at
Madrid, 569
Bunder
Abbas,
Russians
at,
320;
British
at, 362,
364;
418
Bundesrat,
detention
of
the,
279
Bunsen,
Sir
Maurice
de,
Ambassador
at
Vienna,
cited,
491
;
494
Buol-Schauenstein,
Count K.
F.
von,
Austrian
Ambassador,
580
Burges,
Bland,
Parliamentary
Under-
Secretary, Foreign
Affairs,
547
Burke,
Edmund,
542, 546
Burma,
Upper,
annexation
of,
193-6
Burmese Shan
States, 197
Burns, John, resigns, 502
Burrows,
General
G. R.
S.,
90
Bushire,
320, 364, 418-9
Buxton,
Mr
Noel,
454
Byles,
Sir
W.,
485
Cabinet,
the,
in
Foreign Policy,
and
Russo-Turkish
War, 120,
122-31;
(Liberal)
and
the
Soudan,
180-3
\
an<*
South
Africa,
204-5
;
(Conservative)
and
South
Africa,
203
;
and
Tibet
question,
324-7;
and
Agadir
crisis,
446-463
;
negotiations by
members
of,
456-7;
and
Triple
Entente
(1914),
483
;
division
in
(1914), 493, 500, 508 ;
41—2
644
INDEX
conditional
assurances
of,
501-2;
decision
of,
505 ;
control over
Foreign
Policy, 346-7, 547, 556, 575~6, 583,
601
;
conciliatory (1908), 389-90,
392;
and Naval
Policy,
430-1
;
for War
(1916), 515;
papal
Peace
suggestions,
519-20; anxiety
of
(1918),
524
Caillaux,
Joseph,
French
Prime-Minis-
ter,
441, 451-2
Cairns,
H. McCalmont
Cairns,
Earl,
69
Cairo,
154, 158;
revolt
in, 165;
British
occupation
of,
172
Caisse de la
Dette
Publique
(Egypt), 159-
60,
163
Calais,
348
Calcutta,
Anglo-Chinese
Treaty
at
(1890), 322,
324
Callaghan, Admiral,
493
Cambodia,
198,
229;
and
Siamese
Treaty, 318
Cambon,
Jules,
French
Ambassador
at
Berlin,
442-4,
451-2; 462;
on
'naval
holiday,' 481
—
Paul,
French
Ambassador
at Lon-
don, 286;
and
Anglo-French
friend-
ship, 305-6,
309
;
and
Morocco
crisis,
339, 345-8;
and
Agadir crisis,
441,
451;
in
1914, 489, 495;
efforts
of,
500-1 ;
Sir
E.
Grey
and,
501-3
; cited,
307, 508
Cameron,
Charles
Duncan,
Consul
at
Massowah, 16-19
Cameroons,
German, 208, 270,
534
Campbell-Bannerman,
Sir
Henry, 310,
315;
Ministry
of
(Dec. 1905),
344ff.;
on
naval
disarmament,
3
5 1,
355; 357;
3855388
Canada,
Rebellion of
1837
in,
57;
and
Behring
Sea
Fisheries,
226-7;
and
S.
African
War,
281
;
German
umbrage
at, 301
Canadian Confederation Act
(1867),
201
—
Fisheries,
High
Commission
on, 65
ff.
—
Preference,
Belgo-
German
objec-
tions
to,
301-2
Canea,
238-9;
rising
in,
242
Canning,
Charles
John, Earl,
Governor-
General
of
India,
72
—
George, Foreign Secretary, 539,
546,
550-3
;
relations with Castle-
reagh,
ib.
555
;
Palmerston
and,
548,
565;
and Danish
fleet, 551;
and De-
partmental
reforms,
554, 557~8;
policy
of,
556ff. ;
Prime-Minister,
562-3, 572
Cape
Colony,
the, 263
Cape
to Cairo
Railway, 318,
462
Cape
Verde
Islands, 258
Caporetto,
Italian
defeat
at,
520
"
Caprivizipfel"
(West Africa), the,
261
Caracas,
294
ff.
Card
well,
Edward
(Visct
Card
well),
67,
69
Carlsbad,
403
Carnarvon,
H.
H.
M.
Herbert,
4th
Earl
of,
Secretary
for
the
Colonies, 122,
127;
201-3
Carnegie,
Andrew,
355
Cartwright,
Sir
F.,
Ambassador
in
Vienna,
408-9
Casablanca,
French
at,
438
Casement,
Roger,
Consul,
and
Congo
abuses,
369-72,
429
Cassel,
Sir
Ernest,
456, 478
Cassini,
M.,
Russian
delegate,
356
Castlereagh,
Robert
Stewart,
Viscount
(2nd
Marquis
of
Londonderry),
as
Secretary
for
War,
552-3; Foreign
Secretary,
554-6; policy
towards
France and
Russia,
555
;
and
Canning,
555;
and
George
IV,
556;
his staff
at
Vienna, 526;
617
Castro,
President
of
Venezuela,
294-7
Caucasus,
Russian
railways
in,
475
Cavagnari,
Sir
Lewis,
84-8
Cave,
Sir
Stephen,
and
Egyptian
Finance,
158-9
Cavendish, Francis,
originator
of
F.O.
List,
591
Cavour,
Camillo
Count
di,
14;
539
Cawdor,
3rd
Earl,
his
naval
programme,
304
Cecil,
Lord
Robert,
and
League
of
Nations,
526, 619;
and
F.O.,
628
Central
Africa,
international
Agreements
on,
250
Central
America,
Canal
in,
227
Central
Asia,
British
forward
policy
in,
72-90;
commerce
in,
229
Central
Powers,
the
(1914-18);
see
Alli-
ances
Chad, Lake,
France
and,
250, 253, 313
Chalcis, peninsula
of,
128
Chamberlain,
Joseph,
257, 264;
and
Germany, 275-9, 284-5, 294;
and
M.
Cambon,
286;
and
German
Ana-
tolian
Railway, 299
—
Colonel
Sir
Neville,
and
the
Khyber
Force,
85
Chambers
of
Commerce,
and
Congo, 367
Channel,
defence of
the,
467-8
—
Fleet, the,
304
Charles, Emperor
of
Austria, etc.,
seeks
Peace,
518
—
Prince
(King)
of
Roumania, 29, 30,
34,46,
118
Charlestown
(U.S.A.), 56
Chartered
Companies,
revival
of, 209-
17;
250
Chatham,
John
Pitt,
2nd
Earl
of,
552
Chelmsford,
F. A.
Thesiger,
Lord,
and
the Zulu
War,
203
Cherbourg,
59
Cherif
Pasha,
Egyptian
Minister, 162, 179
Chichester,
Captain,
at
Manila
Bay,
272
China, foreign
encroachments
in,
228-
33;
and
Great
Britain
(1886),
195-7;
British
influence
in,
229-33
5
W
ar with