Vince Michael, Emmerson Paul. Intermediate Language Practice (with key). English Grammar and Vocabulary
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krmission
Promising
Пеquests
Пеquеsts
with
mind
Suggеsting
and
аdvising
) Yеs,
you
mаy.
Whеn wе
rеply
we
oftеn
rеpеat
thе
modal vеrb,
but notiсе
that
lthеn lте
rеply to Сould I Wе say саn лot
сould.
I,II be bасk
аt
11.З0.
I
tryon,t do апуthing siIIу!
The
word wiII is
used
in many funсtions.
Cаn
уou
open the window,
pleаse?
Саn
уou
help me?
Сould
уou
open the window
pleаsе?
Will/Would
уou
wаit here,
pleаse?
Wе
сan
rеply
to a rеquеst by agrееing
or rеfusing:
) Sure.
/
No
problem.
/
of сourse.
)
Aсttlаllу, it,s а bit inсonvenieпt'
/
I,m
sorry but thаt,s пot
possible.
r
Rеquеsts with
mind arе сonfusing for lеarnеrs
bесausе Would
уou
miпd
''.
mеans
,Is
it а
problеm
for
you?,'
So wе
Saу
,r1o,
if wе want
to bе hеlpful.
Would
уou
mind helping me?
) No, of
сourse
not.
)
АсtuаIly, I,m
quite
busy аt thе
moment. Perhаps
lаter.
r
Notе
that
wе
usе an
-iпg
form aftеt Would
you
miпd.
Is it
аll
right if I
leаve eаф?
Саn I leаve
еаrly,
pleаsе?
) Yes,
of сourse'
) Sorry, but
уou
саn,t, You hаve to
stаy to
thе еnd.
Сould I
possiblу
leаvе а bit eаф,
pleаse?
) Yes,
you
саn'
Mау I lеаve
eаф,
pleаse?
Lеt,s
go
to the сinemа.
Whу don,t we
80
to thе сiпemа?
How аbout
going
to the сinemа?
We
сould
go
to the сinеmа,
GRA}|мAR
24 ЕUNстloNs
tinfоrmal t
l
nеutгa1 t
(formal r
(formal)
(nеutтal)
(nеutral)
(nеutral)
(nеutral)
(formal)
(formal)
(nеutral)
(nеutral)
(nеutral)
(nеutral)
If wе makе a suggеstion to anothеr
person
it
is adviсе:
I
think
уou
should stау аt home'
(formal)
If I were
уou,
I,d stаy аt home. (formal)
95
lNтERrиEDlAтE
tANGUAGE
PRAстlCE
1
Мatсh
what
people
say (a_|)
with the funсtions (1-10).
a)
\\Ъuld
you
likе
a
сup
of tеaz .....t....
b)
Ехсusе
mе,
do
you
know what
timе
thе museum
opens?
с) .\сtцally,
I
think
I,d
rathеr
havе a
Сhinеsе
mеal. ...........
d) l
knoщ wе
сould
walk
along thе rivеr.
How
about that?
...........
е) SoгrY,
but
I won,t
do
it. ...........
fl
Тhat
looks
diffiсult.
Shall I help
you?
...........
g)
Еxсusе
mе,
but
do you
think
you
сould
turn
your
musiс
down a
hl
\\Ъll,
to
bе honеst,
I
think
you
should
go
to thе
poliсе.
i) Is
it
all right
if I go
out
to thе
shops for a momеnt?
...........
i)
I'll
dеfinitеly
bе
thеrе
at 6.00. I won,t
bе latе!
1 Giving
adviсе
2 Asking
for
information
З offеring
hеlp
.1
offеring
somеthing
5 Asking pеrmission
6 Rеfusing
to
do
something
7 Еxprеssing
a prеfeтеnсе
8 Мaking
a
promisе
9 Мaking
a rеquеst
10 Мaking
a suggеstion
UnderIine
the
сorrесt
word
or
phrase
in
еaсh sentenсе.
a) I,m
vеry
busy.
Let,sluldJou-miпd
giving
mе
a
hand?
b) If
I
,,ilere
yoщ
I,d
write/How
аbout
уou
wite
thе lеttеr
again.
с) Why
don,t wе
go/going
to thе thеatте
tomorrow?
d) Would you
miпd/Сould
you
сlosе thе door
plеasе?
e) Do you
likeПVould
уou
/ike somе
morе watеr?
f)
[
promisе
I
woп,t
do
it/I
doп,t do it
again.
8)
I,ц
quitе
good
at сooking
too. Shаll I help/\Vould
I
hеIp
уou?
h) I,vе
a
suggеstion'
Whу
doп,t
уou
go/Сould
you
8o
to
thе
bеaсh?
i) Would
I borrow/Сould
I borrow
your
rulеr?
i)
Аrе
you
tirеd?
I
think you
сап
go/should
80
to bеd
еarly.
2
96
GRAммAR
24 FUNстloNs
3 RepIaсe thе
parts
in
itolicswith a
more
appropriate or aссuratе
еxpression.
a)
Look,
don,t
worry about
mе, therе,s a bus
at 12.3О. So I,m bасkbу 2'oo,
I
promisе!
........|.LL-bp.h
qрk
b)
A: Would
you
likе an
iсе-сrеam?
Or
somе сakе
pеrhaps?
B: I choose ice-сreаm,
plеasе.
с) A:
B:
I,m having
problеms
at sсhool.
What
do
you
think I should dо?
I tаlk it ovеr with
уour
pаreпts.
d)
A:
B:
This suitсase
is leally hеavy, and my baсk is killing mе!
Do I саrту it?
е) A:
B:
I,m not surе
what to do this
еvеning.
Any idеas?
You will
go
to
the сiпеmа,
perhаps?
f) A: I,vе
got
an appointmеnt
at
thе
dеntist,s.
ShаlI
I leаve sсhool
eаф?
B: Havе
you
brought
a note
from
your
parеnts?
g)
Еxсuse me,
I want to сatсh
a bus
from
here
to London. Tell me how muсh
does
it сost.
h) A: I fееl
really hungry.
Havе
you
got
anything
to еat?
B: Do
уou
like some lemonаde?
i) A:
B:
It,s
vеry hot in hеre, Аre
уou
opening
the wiпdow?
Of сoursе.
j)
д:
B:
Come on,
hurry up!
Tidy
your
room
and make
your
bеd!
No, I doп,t!
It,s not
fair!
97
lNтERlYlED!AтE
LANGUAGE PRAстlсЕ
For eaсh
question,
сomplete
the
seсond
sеntenсе so that
it mеans
the first, using no more
than three
words.
a)
Plеasе takе a
sеat.
Would ...Y!!4..Ш.t!Ld..taki.ng.. ..
.. a sеat?
Fruit
juiсе
wоuld
bе bеttеr
for mе.
I ................ .........
fruit
I,d likе
you
to ъ'ait
for mе.
for mе,
plеasе?
Will
you
alloч'mе
to lеavе thе
room?
......
thе room?
I,d likе
You
to tuгn
off thе tеlеvision.
Cоuld
.
..........
...... thе tеlеvision?
Lеt,s
go
foг
a walk.
for
a
walk?
I
promisе
not
to talk
to
Riсhard again.
I ................ ......... to
Riсhard
Would
you
likе mе
to
hеlp
you?
,) ;;;;;;;;;;;;";";.;;;;;
vou?
Would
you
...........
whеn thе
planе
arrives?
i)
Мy
adviсe
is
to sее
а doсtor.
If I ............. I,d seе a doсtor.
5 Complete eaсh sеntenсе with one suitablе
word. More than one answer
may be
possiblе.
a) I think
уou
.,.{'fuшl.d.....
spе.,с
morе timе on
your
homеwork.
b) .....................
you
hеlp
mе
сarry
thеsе bags?
с) Ехсusе mе. .....................
you
tеll
mе what strееt this is?
d)
What
a tеrriblе noisеI ..
you plеasе
bе
quiеt!
е) ..................... go
skating tomorrow.
f) Would
you
........... tеlling mе
what
timе
it is?
g)
Thanks foт thе
offец
but
I,d .....................
stаy at homе.
h)
.....................you
sign
your
namе hеrе,
plеasе,
sir?
D
..
you
likе anothеr sliсе
of
pizza?
i)
Plеasе
.. I lеavе the
tаblе?
4
'\"*
b)
с)
d)
е)
o)
6/
h)
98
RеIative
сlauses
Rеlativе
pronouns
Explanations
Rеlativе сlausеs arе short
phrases
bеginning with words
likе
rl'llo,
tlшt and
tуhiсh
(сallеd
,rеlativе
pronouns,,)
that dеfinе or
dеsсribе
pеoplе
and things. Тhеге aте
two typеs:
r
Defining rеlativе сlausеs:
Wе usе thеsе
to idеntify
еxaсtly
whiсh pегson oг
thing wе
mеan. Thе information is nесеssary
for thе sеntеnсе to makе sеnsе.
The doсtor who
treаted me
told
me not
to worry.
In this еxamplе thеrе
is morе than
onе doсtor аnd wе only know whiсh onе
by
thе rеlativе сlausе.
r
Non-dеfining rеlativе сlausеs:
Wе usе
thеsе to
givе
еxtra
information. Тhе
information is not nесеssary
for
thе sеntеnсе
to makе sеnsе. Tо show this
in
writing Wе usе сommas.
Pаblo Piсаsso, who
died iп
1973,
wаs а
pаiпter
апd sculptor,
l whiсh,
thаt
Whiсh rеfers to things and
thаt
rеfеrs
to
pеoplе
and things. Thаt is morc
сommon, еspесially
in spеесh.
The bus whiсh
goes
to Саiro
lеаves
from
hеre.
The
womаn
thаt we spoke
to
8аvе
uS directioпs.
The roаd thаt ule took
led to ап апcient
temple.
l
who and уvhom
Who and whom rеfеr
to
pеoplе.
In formal spеесh and
writing
Wе
сan
:шse
whom instеad of
lцho
whеrе who
is
thе objесt of thе sеntеnсе
(sее
bеlow). Wе
сan also usе tцlhom after a
prеposition.
Howеvеr, this
is bесoming
lеss сommon and in modеrn Еnglish
spеakеrs
rarеly
:use
whom
_
instеad
thеy usе
who or
thаt.
The
peoplе
who
live neхt door
mаke
а lot
of noisе'
The
people
thаt live
neхt door mаke
а lot of пoisе.
It
wаs the sаme
boy whom
I met
уesterdау'
(,I,
is thе subjесt,
,Whom,
is thе objесt)
No one kпows bу whom
the viсtim
wаs shot.
(aftеr
thе
prеposition
,bу',
bllt YеIy
ralе in modеrn Еnglish.)
No one kпows ulho the viсtim
wаs
shot by.
(normal
usagе
in spеесh and
writing)
l
whosе
Whose shows that somеthing
bеlongs to
somеonе.
The
girl
whose саsе hаd
beеп stolen
wепt to the
pоliсе
stсltiott.
99
.Ц
,l
щ
lNтЕRlvlEDlAтE
tANGUAGЕ PRAстI(E
Leaving out the
relative
pronoun
Tо undеrstand whethеr
you
сan
lеavе
out the
rеlativе
pronoun
yoщгiтst-iееa
to look at whеthеr
thе
relativе сlausе
refers to the subieсt
ot
9fuу{ct
of
thе
sеntеnсе.
A rеlativе сlausе
that теfегs
to thе subjесt
of thе sеntеnсe:
The doctor
who
trеаted
me told
mе not to,worry.
The doсtor
(subjесt)
treаted
me
(obiect).
A rеlativе сlausе that refеrs to thе
obiесt of
thе sеntеnсе:
The doctor that/whofuhom I spoke
to told
me not to worry.
l
(subiесt)
spoke to the doсtor
(objесt).
Wе сan lеavе
оut the rеlativе
pronoun in a dеfining
rеlativе сlausе
that rеfеrs
to thе
objесt.
The doсtor I
spoke to told
me not
to worry.
Wе
саnnot
lеavе
out the rеlativе
pronoun
in a dеfining
relativе сlausе that
rеfеrs to thе subjeсt.
The doctor-who
treаted
me told
me not to worry.
In a non.dеfining
rеlativе
сlausе
wе must
keеp
thе
rеlativе
plonoun.
Pаblo Piсаsso,
who died
in 1973,
wаs а
pаinter
аnd sсulptor.
Wе сan also lеavе
out thе
rеlative
pronoun
aftеr a superlativе.
Thаt
wаs the best meаI
(thаt)
I,ve ever eаtеп!
100
1
GRAммAR 25 REtAтlvЕ сtAUsЕs
1
Underline
thе сorreсt
word in eaсh sentenсe.
a)
An
old
man,
who/whiсh
was сarrying
a suitсаse,
knoсkеd
at thе door.
b)
Тhe winnеr, whiсh/whose
bikе
was
an unusual
dеsign,
Won
a mеdal.
с)
Thе
g1r|
who/whiсh
spokе to
mе turnеd
out to bе in my сlass.
d)
Тhе musеum, which/whose
was in
a bеautiful
building,
was
сlosеd.
е) A
poliсеwoman thаt/whiсh
wе askеd
told us how to
gеt
thеrе.
f)
Thе
boу
whose/whom
hollsе I was staying
at Was an old
friеnd.
g)
Thе last
pеrson
whiсh/whose
pеn
I borrowеd
didn,t
gеt
it
baсk.
2 Completе еaсh sentenсe
with
who, whose
or thаt.
a) Thе friеnd ..'N.!зоsr.......
housе I stayеd
in is сoming to stay with us.
b) Thе
guidеbook
..
wе bought
еxplainеd еvеrything.
с) Thе сouplе
.. housе
I
bought
both
workеd in my
offiсе.
d) I,d
likе
you
to tеll
mе .....................
you
wеrе
talking to.
e)
Тhе
girl
.....................
rulеr
I had
borrowеd wantеd it baсk.
f) I сan,t rеmеmbеr
.. I lеnt my
bikе to.
8)
Do
you
know ..
Сathеrinе
works for?
3
Deсide
whether
thе
сlausе
in itolics
is
Defining
or Non-dеfining. Writе
D or N
nеxt to еaсh sentenсe.
a)
Thе
git|
who wаs wаiting
was bесoming impatient.
b)
Thе room' whiсhwаs
епormous,
was
fillеd with linеs
of
сhairs.
с)
Thе
studеnts,
who werе
lаte,
waited
in thе
playground.
d) Thе food which
wаs lefr
Was еatеn thе following
day.
е) A tall
gir|,
who wаs
weаring
а hаt,
сame into thе room.
f) Thе dog, which
wаs lуing
on the sofа, had long
pointеd
еaгs.
g)
Thе
train-whiсh
leаves
аt 8.00 doesn,t stop
at
Bath.
4 Underline
relative
pronouns
whiсh сan bе left out in thеsе sеntenGеs.
a)
Thе
book
that
John
was rеading was a bit frightеning.
b) Thе tтavel agеnсy
whiсh sold
mе thе tiсkеt Was nеar my offiсе.
с) In thе еnd, our
holiday
was thе bеst that wе had еver had.
d)
Thе
dеntist
who I
go
to isn,t
vеry
еxpеnsivе.
е) Thе film
whiсh Wе sаW last
wееk was muсh
bеttеr
than this
onе.
f)
Thе
pеoplе
who
werе lеaving
сouldn,t find
thеir сoats.
g)
Thе
gardеn,
whiсh
wasn,t vеry
largе, was
full of flowеrs.
101
lNтER]vlЕDlAтE
tANGUAGЕ PRAстlCЕ
5 Rеwritе еaсh
formal
sentenсe as
an informal
one,
ending with
thе
*o.с
ф"n.
\
a)
b)
с)
d)
е)
fl
o\
o)
h)
Thеsе arе thе boys with whom
I wеnt on
holiday.
\
.,'Тhнp,.g'r'e
t.hp...hp.у.l...I..у'lplэl-'.q'у!.!ll!.idg.y.....
...............
with.
This is thе lеttеr foт whiсh I,vе bееn
waiting.
Tim
is
somеonе to whom I
haгdly еvеr
writе.
for.
Тhat is thе shop fгom ъ'hiсh Suе
bought
hет bikе.
from.
That is thе hotеl at $'hiсh I stayed.
at.
to.
Do
you
know
by
whom
this
book
was writtеn?
....
by?
Ravеnna
was
thе most intеrеsting
town
in whiсh wе stayеd.
;;,,;;;";;;;; ;;,;;";;;;;;;;;;;:;;"
,;;;;
in
......... against.
6
Add
a
relative
pronoun
to eaсh
sentenсе.
a) Friday
was
thе last timе I saw
Jim.
...Г.ridgу''.w.q,r...t.hе..Lq{.t...&у!1&..thnt..I..,r'awJiш'..................
b) Thе island wе visitеd Was еxtrеmеly
bеautiful.
с)
Thе
girl
I mеt was
a friend
of
Philip,s.
d) Thе mеal
wе
atе wasn,t vеIy tasty.
е) Gina
was
thе first
pеrson
I askеd.
f) Thе
book
I rеad
didn,t еxplain
thе
problеm.
g)
Тhе tеaсhег
rvе
usually
har.е
was away
ill.
ro2
h) Thе friеnds I mеt last
night
sеnd
you
thеiт
lovе.
(ombining
5€ntenсes
Rе|ative
сlauses
with
an -ing
form
Whаt
as a reIative
pronoun
Explanations
r Look
at
thеsе short
sеntеnсеs.
А bus
goes
to Саiro. It leаves
from
herе.
A womаn
teасhes
us musiс.
She аlso
plауs
iп
ап orсhеstrсl'
We
took а roаd.
It led
to ап апcient
temple.
We
spoke to
а womап.
She
gаvе
us
dirесtions.
Wе
сan
сombine
thе sеntеnсеs
using
rеlativе
сlausеs.
The bus
thаt
goеs
to
Саiro leаves
from
here.
The
womаn
who teасhеs
us musiс
аlso
plауs
iп ап
orсhestrа.
The
roаd
(thаt)
we took led
to аn
аnсieпt
temple.
The
womаn
(thаt)
we spokе to
gаve
us
directioпs.
r Notе
that
artiсlеs
oftеn
сhangе
(е.8.
from
а/аn
to thе)
whеn
sеntеnсеs
arе
сombinеd.
A
girl,s
ссlsе-wсts
stolen'
Shе went
to
the
poliсe
stсltioп.
The
girl
whose саSe
wаS stoleп
went
to
thе
poliсе
stаtioп.
A
doсtor treаted
me. She
told me
пot
to
worrу.
The
doсtor
who treаted me
told me
пot
to
worrу.
I
spoke to
а doсtor.
Shе told me
пot
to
worry.
The
doсtor
I spokе
to told me not
to
worry.
r Notе
this
сommon
еIrOr:
.
Whеn
wе сombinе
sеntеnсеs wе
do
not lеpеat
thе
subjесt
by
adding
anothеr
pronoun
(The
bus
... it).
Thе rеlativе
сlausе
oftеn has
a сontinuous
vеrb
form:
Сап аlI
the studeпts
who аre
leаving
tomorrow give
bасk
their
books?
I
sent
а саrd to
thе
girl
who-wаs
living
асross
the street.
In
this
сasе Wе
сan lеavе
out both
thе
rеlativе plonoun
and thе
уe'Jrl bе.
Саn
аIl the studeпts
leаving
tomorrow givе
bасk
thеir
books?
I seпt
а саrd
to the
girl
living асross
the
street.
We
сan
usе
the rеlativе
pronoun
whаt
to rnеaл
the
thiпg(s)
thсlt.
We
didп,t
uпdеrstапd
whаt
she sаid.
Whаt
I
wсlпt now
is а сup
of tеа.
(=
thе things
that
shе
said)
(=
thе thing
that I \^-ant)
103
lNтERпnЕDlAтЕ
LANGUAGE PRACтIсE
a)
b)
с)
d)
е)
0
s)
Undеrline thе сorreсt
word
in eaсh sentenсe.
\
a)
Thе
ttain whiсhhуho
goes
to Bfghton
lеaves
from hеrе.
b) Thаt/Whaf I like
bеst is an
aftеrnoon
at thе beaсh.
с) I didn,t
know
who/ъ,hiсh
to
ask about
my timеtablе.
d) Thе
pеоplе
whiсh7\vhose luggagе
was lost had to wait a
long timе.
е) Whеrе,s thе
rulег vуhose/thаt
I left on this desk?
f) Thе shop whаt/thсt
I wеnt to
didn,t
havе
any
milk.
B)
Oo
you
know whom/whose
bag
this is?
h) Еvеryone ц,ho/.which
was thеrе
will геmеmbеr thе day
forеvеr.
i) Thе
sесond bls, ulhiсh/ъ,hosе
was
full,
didn,t stop eithеr.
i)
Jim
was hеlpеd
by someonе
who/-whom
told him thе answеr.
Some sentenсes have
a
word whiсh
should not be thеre.
Write thе word in the
spaсe.
lf
the sentenсе
is сorreсt
put
a tiсk
(/).
ti
vеry angry. .'.r.L.w.
Thе train whiсh
it
goеs
to London
lеavеs from
here.
Thе
poliсеwoman
who shе
stoppеd
me
askеd
mе my namе.
Тhе Еiffеl Towеr,
whiсh it Was
finishеd in 1889,
is madе of iron.
Еvеryonе that Еlеna
spokе to
advisеd
her
to
try again.
Thе сhildтеn
that
they
livе nеxt
door aIе my
friеnds.
Thе man whose
his сar
had bееn damaged
was
That was thе longеst
film I,vе еvеr
seеn.
2
3
Rewrite eaсh
pair
of
sentenсes
as one sentеnсе,
and inсlude the
word in bold.
Begin
as shown, and
make any
neсessary
сhanges.
a) We
want
to visit
a musеum.
It opеns at
1.2'oo.
that
Tt,е ..'!!0!|{.%lk..th+.t..уJ.9.'уу.g.цt...tp'..Yн'it..!P9у'у..'4t...!Ъ'.QQ.....................
b) A
boy,s bikе was
takеn.
Hе visitеd thе
poliсе
station.
whosе
Thе ...........
с)
A
friеnd mеt ше
at
thе
airport.
Hе сaтriеd
my
suitсasе.
whо
Тhе ............
d) Тom сookеd
a mеal.
It
was dеliсious.
that
Thе...........
е)
A
friеnd is staying
with me. Shе
сomes
from Paris.
who
Thе............
104