Вальков В.Ф., Штомпель Ю.А., Трубилин И.Т. и др. Почвы Краснодарского края, их использование и охрана
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
3.
nOYBEHH
bl1l1
nOKPOB
HeBbIX
nO'IB
coa,n;o.eT
6JIo.rO
n
pHSlTHbIe
cpHaH'Ie-
CKHe
CBOHCTBo..
30.
C'I
eT
HHTeHCHBHOro
OrJIHHHBUHHSI
BepxHeH
H
cpe,n;HeH
'IaCTH
npocpHJISI
B
nO'IBaX
OTMe'IUeTCSI
BbICOKoe
co
,n;
ep~HHe
HJIHCTbIX
'IaCTHu,
(
Ta6JI.
50).
IIO'IBb
I
HMelO
T
TSlJKeJIbIH
rJIHHHCTbIH
rpa
-
HYJIOMeTpH
'I
eCKHH
COCTUB,
nbIJIeBaTO
·
HJIOBa
T
bIH
.
ROpH'IHeBbIe
n
O'IB
bI
-
npeKpaCHbIe
aeMJIH
,n;JISI
Bbl
pa
lIl,
HBaHHSI
BbICOKOKa'IeCTBeHHbIX
TeXHH'Ie·
CKHX
COPTOB
BHHorpa,n;a,
BKJIlO'IaSl
H
He
n
OJIHO·
paaBHTbIe
CKeJIeTHble
PO,n;bI.
IIo
nJIo,n;opo,n;HlO
OHH
BnOJI
H e
CpU
B
HHl\IbI
C
'iepH
o
aeMUMH.
XOPOlllO
pac
·
TYT
HU
HHX
aepHOBbIe
H
TeXHH'IeCKHe
Ky.'lbTypbI.
8TH
nO'IBbI
O
Tab
I
B'IHBb
I HD.
BHeceHHe
MHHepaJIb-
HbIX
H
OpraHH'IeCtmX
y,n;06peHHH.
B
CBSlaH
C
TSI·
JKeJIb
I M r
puHYJIOMeTpH
<I
eCKHM
COCTaBOM
OHH
'IaCTO
ynJIOTHeHbI
B
nop;naxoTHoM
ropHaoHTe,
n
oaToMY
a,n;ecb
Tpe6yeTCSI
rJIy60Koe
pbIXJIeHHe
_
50.
fpsHYJIOMeTpH'IeCKHH
COCTSB
KOpH'IUeBOH
Ksp60HSTHOH
nO'lBbI
HS
,n;eJIIOBHSJIbHhIX
JIecco-
nO,lJ;06HbIX
rJIHHEtX
(Ky6EtHbHIUlrHIIpoaeM)
rOpH.
r .
'ly6H
.
COp;epJKaHHe
CPPSKIl,Hj\", %
30HT
HS,
CM
0.25
·
0,05·
0
,01·
0,005-
...
0,
0
01
,
-.
0,01
0,05
0,005
0,005 0,001
MM MM
MM MM
MM
MM
Au
...
0-20
4,0
17,9
7,4
20,8
49,9
78,1
·
A
25-35
3,7
16,9
10,3
18,9
50,2
79,4
A
..
50·60
6,7
17,3
9,2
21,5
45
,5
76,0
C 90-1
00_
7,0
.
17,8
.
JO,9
29,4
34,9
75,2
;
ROpH'I
H
eBbie
nO
'I
Bb
I
no,n;BepJKeHbI
BO,n;HOH
ap03HH
. B
Ka'IeC
T
Be
npoTHBoapoaHoHHbIX
Mepo-
I1PHSlTHH
He06xo,n;HMO
npoBo,n;HTb
BcnalllKY
no
·
nepeK
CKJIOHOB,
KOHTypHYlO
I10Cap;KY
n
JIo,n;oBbIX,
nOJIOCHOe
paaMelIl,e
H
He
noceBOB,
TeppaCHpoBaHHe
CKJIOHOB.
RpYTb
I e
CKJIOHbI,
He
HcnO.llb3yeMb
I e B
CeJIbCKOXOaSlHCTBeUHOM
npOHaBop;CTBe,
,n;OJIJKHbI
6bITb
3aHSl
T
bI
p;peBeCHO·KYCTapHHKOBb
I
MH
Ha-
CaJKp;eHHSlMH.
3.5.2.
JKe1£1/l,03eMbl
U
nOd30I£UC1Jl,O
'
:HCel£Ut03eMl£ble
nO,£8bl.
B
I1pep;eJIax
Rpac
H
o,n;apcKoro
KpaSl
3TH
I10'I
·
B
bI
3aJIeralO
T B n
pH6peJKHOH
nOJIOce
lJepHoro
MOPSI
Ha
po.C'lJIeHeHHbIX
,n;
peBHHX
MOPCKHX
Tep·
pacax,
a T
aKJKe
Ha
npHMbIKo.lOlIl,HX
K
HHM
npe,n;-
r
opbSlX
H
HHaKoropbSlX
C
OTMeTKaMH
,n;o
450
M
Ha,n;
ypOBHeM
MOpSl
_
PacnpocTpo.HeHb
I
aTH
nO'IBbI
I1
pHMepHO
OT
r.
Tyo.nce
,n;o
rpaHHu,bI
C
A6xo.aH-
eH.
Po.3BHBalOTcSI
JKeJITOaeMbI
BO
BJIaJKHOM
H
TeI1JIOM
cy6Tp0I1H'leCKOM
KJIHMaTe
C
KOJIH-
'IeCTBOM
ocap;KOB
1200-1500
MM
B
ro,n;,
cpep;He
·
rop;OBbIMH
TeMnepo.rypo.MH
13,5-14,1
0
H
CYMMOH
o.KTHBHbIX
TeMnepo.ryp
60JIbllle
10·
4000-4200·.
BO,n;HbIH
peJKHM
-
npoMbIBHOH.
PaCTHTeJIbHOCTb
n
pe,n;cTo.BJIeHo.
rYCTbIMH
lll
IipOKOJIHCTBeHHbIMH
JIeCo.MH
KOJIXH,n;CKoro
TH
·
na
(rpa6,
KalllTaH
) C
Y'IaCTHeM
Be'IHOaeJIeHbIX
paCTeHHH
(po,n;o,n;eH,n;poH,
JIaBpOBHlllHSI),
JIHo.H
H
n
anOp
O
THHKOB
_
OTHOCSlTCSI
K
aJIJIHTCHaJIHTHbIM,
KOTOP
bI
M
rrpH
c
yIlI,H
CJIe,n;ylOIII,He
npHaHaKH:
1)
aJI-
JIHTCHaJIHTHblH
XapaK
Te
p
BbIBeTpHBaHHSI
MHHe·
po.JIbHOH
'Io.CTH
Ko.OJIHHH
T
·HJIJIHTOBOrO
COCTaBo.; 2)
KOHKpeu,HOHHaSl
OJKeJIe3HeHHOCTb
ao.
C'IeT
cB060,n;
·
HbIX
OKHCJIOB
JKeJIeaa;
3)
JKeJITa
Sl
OKpaCKo.
npoqm
-
JISI
HJIH
KaKOH-TO
ero
'lo.CTH,
CBSlao.HHaSl
C
I1PHCYT-
CTBHeM
rH,n;paTl1pOBUHHb
I X
OKHCJIOB
JKeJIeaa
.
B
OTJIH'IHe
OT
ljJepaJIJIHTHbIX
rrO'IB
(Kpac
H o -
aeMbI),
OTJIH'IaIO
lIl,
HXCSI
BblCOKOH
HHTeHCHB
-
HOCTblO
BbIBeTpHBaH
H
SI
H
nO'lBo06paaoBaHHSI
H
OTHOllleHHeM
SiO~:AI~O
:i
MeHee
HJIH
OKOJIO
2,0,
JKeJIT03eMb
l H
rro,n;aOJIHCTO-JKe
JITO
aeMHble
I10'IBbI
XapaKTepH3YlOTCSI
MeHbllleH
CTeneHblO
BbIBeTpe-
JIOCTH
nopo,n;
H
OTHOllleHHeJ\I
SiO~:AI20:i
60
.TIee 3.
CJIe,n;oBo.TeJIbHO,
aTH
nO'IBbI
B
MHHepo.JIbHOH
'Io.CTH
co,n;epJKUT
elIl,e
aHa
'I
HTeJIbHOe
KOJI}PleCTBO
KUK
nep
-
BHtlHhIX,
TaK
H
BTOpHtlHbIX
aJIlOMOCHJIHKaTOB
.
cf>opMHpoBaHHe
JKeJITOaeMOB
Ha
po.C'lJIeHeH
-
HhIX
cpopMo.x
peJIbeljJo.
H
TSlJKeJIb
I X
I10
r
paHYJIOMeT
·
pWCleCKOMY
COCTaBY
I10'lBo06paaYIOl.Il,HX
I10pop;ax
coap;o.lOT
P;0I10JIHHTeJIhHOe
YBJIo.JKHeHHe
30. C
'l
eT
60-
KOBoro
CTOK a
BJIarH,
'ITO
Bep;eT
K K O
HKpe
u,
HoHHoMY
OJKeJIeaHeHHlO,
OrJIeeHHlO
H
0I10p;30JIHBo.HHlO
(JIeCCHBo.JKY).
HaH60JIee
KOHTpo.CTHO
,n;aHHhIe
n
po-
u,eCChI
npOSlBJIJIlOTCSI
B
HHJKHHX
CJIOJIX
CKJIOHOB.
IIpHaHaKH
,n;HljJcpepeHu,Hau,HH
I1
pOCPHJISI
OT
-
'IeTJIHBbI
TOJIbKO
no,n;
JIeCOM.
IIPH
po.C
I1
alllKe
OHH
6hICTpO
pua
M
hIBalOTCSI
H
TepSllO
T
BepxHHe
ropH
-
30HTh
I.
JKeJITOaeMh
I
HMelOT
BhICOKYlO
OrJIHHeH
·
HOCTh
cpe,n;HeH
H
HHJKHeH
'lUCTH
n
poljJHJISI_
MaK
·
CHMUJIhHOe
KOJIH'IeCTBO
HJIU
H
IjJHaH
'l
ecKoH
rJIH
·
HhI
OTMe'IaeTCSI
B
rOpHaOHTe
B.
BUJIOBOH
.
XHMH
·
'IeCKHH
COCTUB
I1
0Ka3hIBo.eT
HUKOI1JIeHHe
KpeMHe
·
3eMa
B
BepXHHX
ropH30HTUX,
a
nOJIYTOpHbIX
OKHCJIOB
- B
HHJKHHX.
MOJKHO
BhI,n;eJIHTh
TpH
0 C
HOB
H
hI
X
no
·
'I
BOO
6 p U 3 0
Ba
T e
JI
h H
bi
X n p 0 II, e C c a B
TH-
I1ax
JKeJI
T
OaeM
·
HhIX
I10'lB:
1.
IIHTeHcHBHo.Sl
MH
H
epUJIHaau,HSI
JIeCHOH
I10,n;CTHJIKH
H
rYMyco06po.aOBaHHSI
no
ljJy.TIb
Bo.T
-
HOMY
THI1Y
C
Mo.JIhIM
rYMYCOHaKOI1JIeHHeM.
MOlIl,HOCTh
rYMYCOBoro
r
opHaOHTU
Bcero
15-
20
CM,
a
3ano.Cb
I
rYMyca
-
p;o
150
T/
r
a.
OTHO-
llleHHe
CK:
CCPK
COCTaBJISle
T
OKOJIO
0,5.
2.
IIOJIHOe
BhIlIl,eJIa'lHBo.
H
He
JIerKOpaCTBO
-
pHMbIX
COJIeH
H
Kap60HaTOB
npH
npOMhIBHOM
BO,n;HOM
peJKHMe.
B
nO'lBeHHOM
rrpocpHJIe
OTCYT·
CTBYIOT
rOpH30HTbI
Ho.KOnJIeHHSI
npOCThIX
COJIeH.
3.
cf>epaJIJIHTHaau,HSI
MHHepUJIbHOH
'IaCTH
no
aJIHTCHaJIJIHTHOMY
THny
C
HaKOnJIeHHeM
BTOPH'I-
HbIX
MHHepaJIOB
THUo.
r
eTHTa,
rH66cHTa,
KaOJI
H
HH-
TU,
HJIJIHTa.
R
3THM
npou,eCCaM
MorYT
P;06aB
JISlTbCSI.
OrJIeeHHe,
I1CeBp;OOrJIeeHHe,
onOp;aOJIHBo.HHe,
JIeCCH-
BaJK,
JIo.Tep
H
aau,HSI
(
06po.aOBaHHe
KOHKpeu,HH
H
0PTlllTeHHOB).
IIpHtleM
CTeneHb
HX
BhIpo.JKeHHOCTH
MOJKeT
n
pHBO,n;HTb
K
1jJ0PMHPOBaHHlO
OT,n;eJIhHhIX
nO,n;THITOB
H
THnOB
ITO'lB_
,D;JISI I1
0,n;P06HOH
MopljJOJIOrH'IeCKOH
xapo.K
·
TePHCTHKH
JKeJITOaeMa
npHBo,n;HTCSI
onHcaHHe
po.apeau,
aaJIOJKeHHOrO
Ha
TeppHTOpHH
u,eHT·
paJIhHOrO
OT,n;eJIeHHSI
'laHHOrO
COBxoaa
A,n;JIep
-
CKHH
(r.
CO'lH)
Ha
nOKaTOM
CKJIOHe
B
JIecy
nOH
-
THHCKOrO
THno.
Ha
rpa6a,
,n;y6a,
a3aJIHH,
nJIlOlIl,a,
JIOMOHoca.
100
Ao
neCHaR
n
O~C
T
HnKU
H3
~peBecHoro
0-2
CM
o
n
a~a.
A
CepbIH
C
naneBhIM
O'M'eHKOM
,
CBe
-
2-
28
CM
~HH,
rnHHHCThIH,
Hen
p
OtIHOKOMKO
-
BUTh
J
H,
y n
no
T
HeH,
rr
pOHH3aH
KOPHR
-
MH,
He
BCKHnaeT,
nepexo~
B
cne
-
~yJ{)I.IJ;HH
ropH30HT
nOCTeneHHbIH.
BI
BYPhIH
C
nuneBh
I M
O'M'eHKOM
,
CBe
-
28
-56
CM
mHH
,
KOMKOBaThIH,
ynJIOTHeH,
B
HH~HeH
"tIaCTH
ropH30H
T a
mene3HC
TO-
MapraHIJ;OBh
I e
KOHKpeIJ;HH,
MHoro
KopHeH
,
nepexo~
B
HH%ene~aI.IJ;HH
ropH30HT
RCHhIiL
B~
JKe
.
'lTO
-
6YPh
I
H,
C
me.'le3HCTO
-
56-
84
CM
l\lapraH
IJ;
OBhIMH
IIRTHUMH,
B.lIamHhIH,
rnHHHCTb
I
H,
rnhI6HCTUR
CTpyKTypa,
IInOTHhIH,
CH30BaThIe
rrRTHa
or.lIee
-
HHR,
nepexo~
B
cne~yJ{)I.IJ;HH
ropH-
30HT
R
CHbIH.
C
IIpocnemeH
~O
r .
lIy6HHhI
110
CM,
no-
85
H
60·
tIBo06pa3yIOI.IJ;aR
IIopo~a
-
CH30BaTO
-
JIee
CM
cepUR
rJIHHU
C
pJKaBbIMH
nRTHaMH.
MeXaHHQeCKHH
COCTaB
~e.'lT03eMOB
n
pe~CTaB
JIe
H OT
rJIHHHCThIX
~o
cyneCtIUHhIX.
IIpe06JIu~uIOT
r
JIHHHCThIe
H
cpe~HernHHHCThIe
pU3HOBH~HOCTH,
r
~e
<pH3HQeCKOH
rnHHh
I
CO~epJKHTCR
OT
44,2
~o
78,8%,
a B
cyneC'IaHhIX
He
npeBb
I
lliaeT
13,3
'Yc,
.
JIerKocyrJIHHHCThIe
BH~
I
3THX
nO<IB
O'l'JIHtIUJ{)TCR
6JIa
r O
np
HR
T
HhIMH
BO~0
-
<pH3H<JeCKHMH
CBOHC
TB
a-
MH.
T
RJKe.lIocy
r
nHHHCThIe
H
rnHHHCThle
n
OtIBh
I
npH
nepeYSJIU:-KHeHHH
CHJIbHO
Ha6yxaIOT,
pe3KO
CHH
-
):KUeTCR
HX
BO~OnpOHHIJ;UeMOCTh,
<ITO
I1
PHBO~T
K
pa3BHTHJ{)
nO'IBeHHOH
BepXOBO~H.
B
JlCeJIn
IOJe.'l-1.ax
HeHacblw,eHHb
LX
CTe
n
eHb
HUCh
I
w;eHHOCTH
OCHOBUHHRMH
COCTUBnRCT
40
-
60%.
BeJIHtIHHa
pH
BO~.
MeHhllle
5,0.
,I:(H<P-
<pepeHU;Ha
U;
HR
nOl.J:BeHHOro
npo<pHJIR
CJIa6aR.
Ka
-
THOHHo-06MeHHaR
crroc06HoCTh
~OBOJIhHO
HH3KUR
(10
-
15
M.-3KB
Ha
100
r
nOQBhI).
JKeJLI7l0J
eJl1bl
CJLa60HenacbLw,eHHb
l e
UMeJ{)T
CTeneHh
HeHUChII.IJ;eHHOCTH
60JIee
60
% , a
BeJIH
-
tI
HHU
pH
BO~.
OT
5
~o
6,5.
,I:(H<p<pepeHIJ;HU
IJ;
HR
MHHepu.lIhHOH
QUCTH
npo<pHJIR
HJIH
O'IeHb
CJIa
-
6aR,
HJIH
OTCYTCTByeT.
IIo~THn
JKeJIT03eMOB
H e
HaChIw;eHHhIX
ono~
30.lIeHHh
l X B
nOQBeHHOM
npo<pHJIe
Hl\lee
T
ryl\lyco
-
BO- 3.
1JJ{)BHUJIhHhIH
OnO~30JIeHHhIH
OCBeTJIeHHb
l H
ropH30HT
AIA~
MoI.IJ;HOCThI-O
10
-
15
CM,
cepOBUTo
-
>.I<e.lIToH
OKPUCKH
,
CBeTnee
npe~hI~I.IJ;erO
,
TR~e
JIOcyrJIHHHCThIH
HnH
cyrJIHHHCThIH,
HenpO"tIHOH
CJIOeBOH
CTPYKTyphI,
nepexo~
B
ropH30HTh
I
3U-
MeTHhIH.
PeaKIJ;HR
rrOtIBhI
CJIa60KHC
n
aR
(pH
BO~.
60JIhlile
5),
HaChII.IJ;eHHOCTh
Bh
ICOKUR
(6oJIee
60
% ),
cyMMa
o6MeHHhlx
OCHOBUHHH
~OCTHrueT
BeJIHQHHbI
10
-
15
M.-3KB
HU
100
r
rrOtIBbI.
JKeJLm03e.~tbl
ZJLee8bLe
no
MHorHM
CBoHcTBaM
6JIH3K
H K
meJIT03eMaM,
O~HaKO
H36bITO<IHOe
YBJIamHeHHe
H
CBR3aHHhIe
C
HHM
npoIJ;ecCb
I
orneeHHR
06ycnOBJIHBaJ{)T
cBoe06pu3He
3THX
noQB
H
HaKJIU~hIBaJ{)
T
OTJIe"tIaTOK
Ha
Mop<p0JIO
r H -
'IeCKOe
cTPoeHHe
.
JKenT03eMhI
rJIeeBhle,
KUK
npaBHJIO,
HMeJ{)T
3 5 n
ECH
bl
E
CY
5TP
O
nll1LJECKlI1E
nO
LJBbl
KHcnYJ{)
H
c.
'la
60KHcnYJ{)
peaKIJ;HJ{)
(pH
con_
3,2
-
5,5),
CTen
e
Hh
HUCbII.IJ;eHHOCTH
OCHOBaHHRMH
OT
16
~o
98
% .
rpaHynOMeTPH
~
I
eCKHH
COCTUB
HX
rnHHHCThIH,
cpe~He
-
H
nerKocyrnHHHCThIH
.
IIpe
-
06.lIU~UJ{)T
rnHHHCThle
nOtIBhI
,
co~epmaHHe
<tm
-
3H'IeCKOH
rnnHhI
B
KOTOPhIX
COCTaBnReT
63,6
% ,
B
.'lerKocyrnH~HcThIX
-
~o
25,5
% . C
rny6HHoH
I"
OJIH<IeCTBO
rnHHHCThIX
"tIUCTHIJ;
YBenHtIHBaeTCR.
BO~1l0
-
<pH3HtIeCKHe
CBoHcTBa
~aHHhIX
nOtIB
He
-
y~OB.
lI
eTBOpHTenhHhIe.
JKeJIT03eMhI
rJIeeBhIe
6e~
HhI
ryl\lycOl\l.
B
ropH30HTe
A
KOnHtIeCTBO
ryMyca
He
npeBhIlliaeT
1,5
% .
CYMMU
IIorn0I.IJ;eHHhIX
OCHOBUHHH
He
npeBhIlliueT
16
%
M.
-
3KB
Ha
100
r
nO<IBhI,
rH~pOnHTHtIeCKaR
I"
HCnOTHOCTh
KO.lIe6
-
.lIeTCR
B
npe~eJIax
OT
4,3
~o
5,3
M.
3KB.
THn
%enT03eMOB
r .
lIeeBhIX
XUpUKTepl13YeTCR
HH3KHM
nOtIBeHHhIM
nno~opo~eM,
He6naronpHRT
-
HhIMH
BO~0
-
<pH3H<JeCKHMH
CBOHCTBaMH
. ,I:(.'lR
HC
-
nOnh30BaHHR
3THX
nOtIB
no~
CeJIhCKOX03RHCTBeH-
HhIe
KYRbTYphI
He06xo~MO
OCYllieHH
e H
ynyqllie
-
HHe
BO~0
-
<pH3HtIeCKI1X
CBOHCTB,
YCTPOHCTBO
~e
HumHoH
CeTH.
rny60Koe
phIxneHHe,
TPaBoceRHHe,
BHece!-me
MHHe
p
unhHhIX
y~06peHHH.
II
OChO.Il
Il
CI7l0
-JlCeJLflI03
eJltHbte
nO'l8bl
<P0PMH-
PYJ{)TCR
npeHMyw;ecTBeHHO
Ha
60nee
BhIBeTpe-
.lIhIX
,
6e~HhIx
rnHHHCThIX
H
cyrnHHHCThIX
He
-
w;e6HHcThIX
nopo~ux,
3U.lIerUJ{)I.IJ;HX
Ha
BhIPOB
-
HeHHh
I X
H.llH
c.llu60BO
.
lIHHCThIX
TeppHTOpHRX
.
81'0
npe~onpe~enRe
T
~HC
p
<pepeHIJ;HaIJ;HJ{)
MHHepu.llh
1-IOH
tIaCTH
IIO~30nHCTO
-
me_'lT03el\lHhIX
nOtIB,
06e~HeHHe
BepXHHX
ropH30HTOB
H.'lHCT
h
IMH
tIac-
THIJ;UMH
H
nOJIYTopHhIMH
OKHcnaMH,
YMeHhllie
-
HHe
06MeHHOH
cnOC06HOCTH
BepXHHX
r
opH30HTOB
nOl.J:B H
KHC.lIYJ{)
pear"IJ;HJ{)
~aHHh
I
X
ropH30HTOB
.
B
06pa30BaHHH
TaKHX
nOtIB
60nhuryIO
pO.TIh
HrpaeT
BpeMeHHoe
nepeysnUmHeHHe
(nceB~orneH)
.
OTnHtIHTe.'lhHOH
oc06eHHOCThJ{)
nOtIBeHHOro
npo<pHnR
RBnReTCR
HU.lIHtIHe
nepeXO~Horo
r
yMy
-
COBO-
3nJ{)BHanhHoro
ropH30HTa
A1A~
na.lIeBO
-
cepoH
OKpaCKIf,
6eccTpYKTYPHoro,
phIXJIOrO,
ne
-
pexo~
B
HHJKHHH
ropH30HT
3aMeTHhIH
.
8nJ{)BH
-.
a
.J
IhHhIH
ropH30HT
A
~
C
MOI.IJ;HOCThJ{)
5-
15
CM
,
6enecoBuTO-me
.r
IToH
OKPUCKH,
6eCcTPYKTYPHh
I
H,
pb
I
X.lIh
I
H,
nOpHCThIH,
HHor~a
C
npU3HaKaMH
rneeBUTOCTH.
11
.
'1.lIIOBHU.lJhHbIH
ropH30HT
B C
MUpraHIJ;eBO
-
me.'I
e
3HCThIMH
OpTIllTeHHaMH
.
IIo~30nHcTO
-
m
e
nT03eMHbIe
nOtIBbI,
06bIQHO
TRmenoro
rpaHY
JI
OMeTpHQeCKOrO
COCTaBa
(r.llH
-
HHCTb
I e H
TR~e.llOcyrnHHHcTbIe),
HM
eJ{)T
He6na
-
rOnpHRTHbIe
<pH3IfqeCKHe
CBOHCTBU.
OHH
6ec
-
CTPYKTypHhI
,
06na~aJ{)T
HH3KOH
nop03HOCThJ{)
H
CJIa60H
Bo~onpoHHIJ;aeMOCThJ{),
B
pe3y.llbTUTe
Qero
B
BepXHHX
ropH30HTax
OTMeqalOTCR
npH3HaKH
or.lleeHHR.
OHH
nerKO
pa3MhIBUlOTCR
BO~OH
,
06-
Ha%aR
nJIoTHhIii:
OPTlllTeHHOBhIH
HJIJIlOBHa.lIhHbIH
1'0PH30HT
B,
C
TPy~OM
nOMaJ{)lIl;HHcR
06pa60TKe
.
CO~ep%UHHe
ryMyca
B
BepXHHX
ropH30HTax
co-
CTaBnReT
2-3% , C
rny6HHoH
KOJIHqeCTBO
ro
pe3KO
nU~UeT.
B
COCTaBe
ryMyca
npe06na~aJ{)T
<py
.llhBOKHCnOTbI.
PeaKIJ;HR
IIO~30JIHCTO
-
menT03eM
HhIX
nOtIB
CJIa60KHCnaR
HJI
H
KHcnaR
(pH
COJI. OT
3,8
~o
6,5)
.
CTeIIeHh
HaChII.IJ;eHHOCTH
nO~lBeHHo
ro
101
3.
nOYBEHHb
l
1l1
nOKPOB
Il
OI'JIOlLl.a1OlLI.e
I'
O
KOMIlJIeKCU
OT
30
lI.0
95'1'0.
IIpH
CeJIbCKOX03JIHCTBeHHOM
HCIlOJIb30Ba
-
HHH
Il
OlI.
lO~HbIe
IlJIOlI.OBbIe
~HTpYCOBbIe,
'IaH
He06xolI.HMO
IlPOBOlI.
H
Tb
OKYJIbTYpHBuHHe
I'JIy60-
KHM
pbIXJIeHHeM
O
PTllITeHHOBOro
ropH30HTa_
IIpH
pa
C
IlUlliKe
co,n;epJKUHHe
I'
YMYCU
B
TaKHX
Il
O'IB8X
pe3KO
Il
OHHJKUeTCR
,
YXYlI.lliUlOTCJI
BOlI.HO-
<pH3H'IeCKHe
CBOHCTBU.
IIJIolI.opolI.He
aTHX
IlO'IB
He06xolI.HMO
YJIY'IlliaTb
IlpH
n
OMOlLl.H
BHeCeHHJI
n
OBbIllie
H
HblX
lI.03
MHHepUJIbHbIX
YlI.06peHHH,
Tp8BOCeJIHHJI
H
nO'IB03a
lLl.
HTHOH
CHCTeMbI
HX
co
-
lI.ep~UHHJI
HU
<poHe
KYJIbTYPHo-MeJIHOpUTHBHOH
OpI'8HH3U
~
HH
TeppHTOpHH
.
II
0030Jl.IlC
nW
-JlCeJl.nI03e.'I1.IiO-
ZJl.ee6ble
IlO'IBb
I
3UHHMUlOT
IlOHHJKeHHbIe
a.JIel\IeHTbI
peJIbe<pu
C
6JIH3KHM
3UJIe
I'
aHHeM
I'pYHTOBbIX
BOlI.
HJIH
IIpH
lI.JIHTe
JIb
HOM
3UCTUHBa
H
HH
1I0BepXHOCTHbIX
BOlI..
8TH
1I0'IBbI
'IeTKO
lI.H<p<pepeH~HpoBUHbI
HU
I'OPH
-
30HTbI
H
OTJIH'ISlOTCJI
0'1'
lI.PyrHx
IIO'IB
JKeJITO
-
3eMHOI'O
T
HIIU
JICHO
Bblpa~eHHbIM
OI'JIeeHHeM
.
IIo
'I
Bo06ps3YlOlLI.HMH
1I
0POlI.aMH
lI.JIJI
HHX
CJIYJKaT
OI'JIeeHHbIe
I'.JIH
H
bI.
BbIpaBHeHHbIH
XapUKTep
pe
-
JIbe<pu
H
TJIJKeJIbIe
IIO'IB006pS3YlOlLI.He
1I0POlI.bI
C03
-
lI.SlOT
3UCTOH
1I0BepXHOCTHbIX
BOlI.,
06YCJIOB
JI
HBUlOT
lI.H<p<Pepe
HII,
H8IJ;HlO
MHHepaJIbHOH
'IaCTH
1I0,n;30
-
JIHCTO
-
JKeJIT03eMHO
-
I'JIeeBbIX
IIO'IB.
IIpH
aTOM
06elI.-
HReTCJI
BepXHRJI
'ISCTb
IIPO<pHJIJI
HJIHCTbIMH
'IaCTH-
~aMH
H
1I0JIYTOpHbIMH
OKHCJISMH,
KOTOpbIe
HaKUII-
JIHBalOTCR
B
HJIJIlOBH8JIbHOM
I'OPH30HTe.
MOlLl.HOCTb
ropH30HTOB
A+B
B
cpe,D;HeM
OT
76
lI.O
90
CM.
fpU
H
YJIOMeTpH'IeCKHH
COCTilB
lI.aHHb
I X
Il
O'IB
TR~eJIO
-
H
cpelI.HecyrJIHHHCTbIH
C
C0lI.epJKa-
HHeJl
I
<pH3H'IeCKOH
r JIH
HbI
lI.0
47
% .
BepxHRR
'ISCTb
IIpOqlHJIR
3Ha'IHTeJIbHO
06e,D;HeHu
HJIHCTbIMH
'IUC·
TH~UMH.
B
rOpH30HTe
B
KOJIH'IeCTBO
H.11U
B03pscTa
-
eT
B 2-3
PU3S
IIO
cpaBHeHHlO
C
I'OPH30HTOM
A.
BOlI.HO
-
<pH3H'IeCKHe
CBOHCTBa
1I0lI.30JIHCTO
-
n<eJIT03eMHO-I'JIeeBb
I X
IIO'IB,
06YCJIOBJIeHHble
OI'JIeeHHeM
H
lI
epeYBJIaJKHeHHeM,
Hey
lI.0BJIeTBO
-
PHTeJIb
H b
le
.
I1x
OTJIH'ISeT
CJIU6SR
B0lI.0IIPOHH
-
~SeMOCTb,
HH3KUJI
Sapa~HJI,
nJIOTHoe
C.l
IOn<eHHe
.
8TH
1I0'IBbI
cOlI.ePJKST
CpaBHHTeJIbHO
BblCOKoe
KOJIH'IeCTBO
I'YMYCU
B
BepXHeM
I'OPH30HTe
,
1,4-
6,6
% ,
'ITO
CBJI3SHO
co
CJIU60H
I\IHHepUJIH3U-
~HeH
I'YMYCU
H
lI
epeYBJIUJKHeHHeM
IIO'IB.
CYMMU
nO
I'
JIO
lLl.
eHHbIX
OCHOBUHHH
HH3KUR
(2,0
-
14,9
M.-aKB
H8
100
I'
1I0'IBbI),
I'H,n;pOJIHTH
-
'IeCK8JI
KHCJIOTHOCTb
BbICOKUJI
(8,8
-
10,3
M.
-
aKB
HU
100
I'
IlO'IBb
I ) ,
06MeHHuR
KHCJIOTHOCTb
TUKJKe
BbICOKSJI
(6,0
-
9,4
M.-aKB
HS
100
r
1I0'IBbI).
CTe-
lIeHb
HSCbIlLI.eHHOCTH
OCHOBSHHRMH
IlO'IBeHHOro
IIPO<pHJIJI
OT
30,0
lI.0
83,0%.
B
1I0I'JIOlLl.SlOlLI.eM
KOMIIJIeKCe
lI.SHHbIX
II
O'IB
3HS
'I
HTeJIbHYlO
lI.OJIlO
3UHHMUlOT
1I0
I'
JIOlLl.eHHbIH
BOlI.OPOlI.
H
UJIlOMHHHH.
B
~
eJIOM
Il0lJ.30JIHCTO-JKeJIT03eMHO
-
I'JIeeBble
nO'IBbI
X
UpaKTepH3YeTCR
IIJIO
X
HMH
BO,D;HO-
<pH3H'IecKHMH
CBOHCTBUMH
H
He
BnOJIHe
6JIUrOlIpH
-
JITHbIM
XHMH'IeCKHM
COCTil
B
UM.
,UJI
R
HCIIOJIb30BaHHR
HX
IlOlI.
CeJIbCKOX03JI:HCTBeHHbIe
KYJIbTYPbI
(IIJIOlI.O
-
BbIe,
~
wrpYCOBbIe,
'IaH)
Heo6xo,D;HM0
YC'I'pOHCTBO
,n;pe-
HaJKHOH
CeTH,
n
epHO,D;H'IecKoe
rny6oKoe
pbIXJIeHHe,
BHeceHHe
MHHepUJIbHbIX
YlI.06peHHH.
30HS
pSCIlpelI.eJIeHHR
~eJIT03eMHbIX
nO'IB
n o
IIpHpOlI.HbIM
YC.TJOBHJIM
BeCbMa
6JIarOIIpHR
TH
a
lI.JIR
BblpUlLI.HBaHHJI
MHorHX
CeJIb
C
KOX03RHCTBeH
-
HbIX
KYJIbTYp.
Ha
HHX
B03lI.eJIbIBalOT
'IaHHb
I H
KYCT,
~HTPYCOBbIe,
T
u6aK,
cy6TpO
lI
H'IeCKHe
Il.JIO
-
lI.OBble,
lOJKHbIe
Il
.JIOlI.OBbIe,
BHHo
r
pulI.
,
OBOlLl.H
11.
lI.p.
meJIT03eMbI
HMelOT
He60JIblliOH
3aIIac
lI.o-
CTYIIHbIX
lI.JIJI
PUCTeHHH
IlHTaTe.TJbHb
I X
Bew,eCTB.
IIOlI.BHJKHbIe
<pOPMb
I
U30TU
.JIerKO
BbIMbIBalOTCR
H3
BepXHHX
ropH30HTOB
IlO'IBbI,
a
60JIb
lli
Oe
KO
-
JIH'IeCTBO
IlOJIYTOPHbIX
OKHCJIOB,
CBR3bIBURCb
C
<pOC<paTSMH,
lI.eJIUlO
'l
'
HX
MaJI0lI.0CTYIlHb
I
MH
lI.JIR
pSCTeHHH.
113
MHHepUJIbHbIX
YlI.06peHHH
HaH6o
-
JIee
a<p<peKTHBHbI
a30THb
l e H
<pOC<popHb
I
e;
K
U-
JIHHHble
Y
lI.06peHHR
TSKJKe
OKU3bIBUlO
T
IlOJIOJKH
-
TeJIbHOe
BJIHJIHHe
Ha
YPO~UH.
8<p<peKTHBHO
BHe
-
ceHHe
YlI.o6peHHH
B
BHlI.e
IlO
,n;KOPMOK
IlO
<pS3aM
PU3BHTHR
H C
IlO.JIHBHOH
BOlI.OH.
BOJIblliOH
acpQ:>eK T
lI.UlOT
OprUHH'IeCKHe
YlI.06peHHR
(HUB03,
KOMIIOCTb
I,
CHlI.ePUTbI,
MHOrOJIeTHee
3UlI.epHeHHe),
HU
<pOHe
KO
-
TOpbIX
JIyqllie
IIPORBJIReTCR
lI.eHCTBHe
MHHepaJIb
-
H
bIX
YlI.o6peHHH
.
Ha
OKYJI
b
TYpe
H
Hb
I X
nO'IBax
IIO
-
JIyqUlO
T
Bb
I
COKHe
ypO~UH
'IUR,
~HTpYCOBhIX
cy6
-
TpOIlH'IeCKHX
Il.1l0lI.0Bb
I X
KYJIbTYP
H
Q:>yHlI.YKU.
KHCJIaR
peaKII,HJI
JKeJIT03eMOB
,
HX
He60JIblliaR
Huchlw,eHHOCTb
OCHOBaHHRMH
Il
OJIOn<HTe.JIbHO
CKU
-
3bIBUeTCR
HU
IIpO,n;yKTHBHOCTH
'IaHHOrO
KYCTil.
OlI.-
HUKO
lI.JIJI
~HTpYCOBbIX
Ky.JIbTYP
O
IITH
MaJIhHOH
pe
-
aK
~
HeH
IIO'IBeHHOro
pUCTBopa
JIBJIReTCJI
He
H
'I'pu.llh-
HaJI
HJIH
CJIU60KHCJIUJI.
,UJIJI
aTHX
K Y
JIbTYP
HaH60-
JIee
npHeMJIeMbI
II
O,D;THII bI
JKeJIT03eMHbIX
H
II0lJ.30-
JIHCTO
-
~e.1lT03eMHhIX
IIO'IB
C.1IU60HeHaCb
I
lLI.eHHhlX
H
HUCbIlLI.eHH
bI
X.
Ue
H
HUR
KYJIbTYPU
Q:>eHXOS B.TI<1I'O-
JI106HBU
H
lI.UeT
BbICOKHe
yp0JKaH
HU
JKeJlTO
-
I'JIeeBbIX
H
n0lI.30JIHC
TO
-
n<eJIT03eMHO
-
rJIeeBbIX
flO
'J-
BUX
IIpH
HX
OKYJIhTYpHBSHHH.
B
30He
B.1IU~HbIX
cy6TpOnHKOB
CHJlbHO
IIpOJIB
JI
JIeTCR
BO,n;HSJI
ap03HR.
B
60Pb6e
C
HelO
Heo6xolI.HMO
IIPOBOlI.HTb
KO
H
TypHO-MeJIHOpaTHB
-
HYlO
OpI'UHH3U~HlO
TeppH
TO
pHH,
llilISJIepHYlO
nOCUlI.KY
'IUHHbIX
PUCTeHHH
,
IlOCUlI.KY
.
1IeCHbIX
IlOJIOC,
C03lI.8BUTb
IIOJIOCb
I
-6YQ:>epb
I
H3
MHOI'OJIeT
-
HHX
TpUB,
U T
UKJKe
C
TPOHTb
I'HlI.POTeXHH'JeCKHe
coopYJKeHHR
no
perYJIHpOBUHHlO
CTOKU
II
OBepx
-
HOCTHbIX
H
BHY
T
pH
Il
O
'J
DeHHbIX
BOlI.
.
HeKOTOpb
l e
1I0'IBbI
~eJIT03eMHO
-
I'JIeeBOI'O
H
1I
0lI.30JIHCTO
-
JKe.TJT03eMHO
-
rJIeeBOrO
THIIOB
HYJKlI.UlOTCR
B
OC
Y -
llieHHH.
Bb
I
COKOI'OpHbIe
nO'IBbI
C<P0PMHPOBUJIHCb
B
TeX
'IUC
T
RX
rop,
rlI.e
H3-3U
HH3KHX
TeMIlepuTYP
He
MOJKeT
IIPOH3pUCTaTb
JIeCHUJI
PUC
T
HTeJIb-
HOCTb.
8TO
30HU
UJIbIlHHCKHX,
Cy6UJIblIHHCKHX
H
IlOCJIeJIeCHbIX
BJIUJKHbIX
JIyrOB
.
BbICOKOrOpHSJI
30HU
1I0,D;'IHHeHS
6ep
m u -
H:
aJl.bliot'L
nOJlCliocnw:
cBepxy
OHU
OrpUHH'IeHa
cy6HHBaJIbHbIM
nORCOM,
S
CHH3Y
r
opHO
-
JIeCHbIM.
I1HTepBa.1l
BbICOT
aTOH
30Hb
I
COCTUBJIReT
OT
1800
lI.0
2500
M B
cy6a.1lbIlHHCKOM
1I0Rce
H OT
102
3 .
6.
B
hI
C 0 K 0 r 0 P H
hI
E n 0 q B
hI
3.
6. BblCOKOrOPHblE nO'1Bbl
2300
,n;o
3100
M - B
aJIbmrHcKoM.
IIJIow;a,n;b
3THX
rrO'1B
B
Kpae
COCTaBJIReT
60JIee
100
TbIC.
ra.
lb
HHX
OKOJIO
50
TbIC.
ra
Haxo,n;HTCR
B
rrpe,n;eJIax
KaBKa3cKoro
6HOc<pepHoro
3arrOBe,n;HHKa.
BbI,n;eJIeHHe
B
CHCTeMaTHKe
oc06b1x
BbICOKO
·
ropHbIX
rrO'1B,
6e3YCJIOBHO,
CBR3aHO
C
oc06eHHo
·
CTRMH
KJIHMaTH'1eCKHX
YCJIOBHH.
KJIHMaT
BbICO·
KoropHH
XOJIO,n;HbIH,
BJIamHbIH,
C
M0W;HbIM
CHe·
rOBhIM
rrOKpOBOM
(,n;o
2·x,
MeC1'UMH
3 · 4
M).
JIe1'o
rrpOXJIa,n;Hoe,
oceHb
H
oc06eHHO
BeCHa
rrpo,n;OJI·
JKHTeJIbHble.
IIepexo,n;
K
OTpHl:~aTe.TIbHbIM
TeMrre·
paTypaM
Ha
BbICOTe
2000
M
rrpOHcxo.n;HT
BO
BTO·
POH
rrOJIOBHHe
HOR6pR.
KOJIH'1ec'I'BO
Bbll1a,n;mOW;HX
oca,ll;KOB
BapbHpYeT
B
llIHpOKax
rrpe,n;eJIUX
01'
1000·
1500
,n;o
2000
MM,
a B
3urra,ll;HbIX
PaHOHax
a
BbIllie
-
,n;o
3000
MM.
B
1'a6JI.
51
rrpHBe,n;eHhI
HeIWTOpble
rrOKU3aTeJIH
,n;.TIR
aJIhrrHHCKoro
rrORca.
51.
KJlllMItTH'IeCKIUI
XltpltKTepHCTHKa
ItJlbnHH
-
CKoro
nOJIca
(MOCHJIlll)
rO,n;oBoe
TeMuepaTypa,
C '
A6eo·
CYMMa
J..:OJlHTIe·
MeeTO
HaH60Jlee
J
lIOTBbIt\:
TeMue·
Ha6JlIo
· TeUJlOI'O
XOJIO,n;·
MHHH
· CTBO
paTYP
,n;eHHR
MeejJ~a
MyM,
C'
BMllIe
Horo
Me
·
oeaA-
10
'C
ejJ~a
KOB,
MM
.
5,5
AqHillXO
12,9
-
28,0
1024
3242
Oca,n;KH
rrpeBbIlliaroT
HcrrapReMocTb
B 2 · 3
pa3a,
rr03TOMY
BO,n;HbIH
pemHM
rrpoMbIBHOH.
lb
·
6hIT0'1HOe
YBJIUJKHeHHe
OTMe'1UeTCR
B
Te'1eHHe
Bcero
ro,n;a.
K03<p<pH~HeHT
YBJIUmHeHHR
(KY)
B
ropHo
·
JlyroBbIx
rrO'1BUX
- 2 .
3,
B
ropHO
·
JIyroBblx
t.{epH03eMOBH,n;HbIX
KY
= 1 -
2.
B
BeceHHe
·
JIeTHHH
rrepHO,n;
rrO'1BbI
rrporpeBa
·
IOTeR,
a
3HMOH
He
rrpOMep3aIOT
JIH60
rrpoMep3aroT
HerJIy6oKo
rr
o,n;
06HJIhHbIM
CHerOBblM
rroKpoBoM
.
II03TOMY
<puKTKTIeCKH
B
3THX
rro~IBax
6HoxHMH~e
CKHe
rrpo~eccbI
H.n;yT
B
Te'1eHHe
Bcero
ro,n;a.
ct>aKTOpoM,
OrpUHH'1HBaroW;HM
npoH3pacTu
·
HHe
JIeCHOH
paCTHTeJIbHOCTH,
RBJIRroTCR
HH3KHe
TeMrrepaTyphI
JIeTHero
rrepHo,n;a.
JIec
Haxo,ll;HT
6JlarOrrpHRTHbIe
YCJIOBHR
,n;JIR
CBoero
o6HTaHHR
rrpH
JIeTHHX
TeMrrepaTYpax
He
HHJKe
15'C
H
,n;o·
CTaTot.{HOM
YBJIamHeHHH.
IIpHMe'1aTeJIbHo
H
TO,
"ITO
He
HMeeT
3Ha
'1
eHHe
HH
rrpo,n;OJImH'reJIbHOCTb
JIeTHerO
rr
epao,n;a,
HH
TeMrrepaTYPbI
3HMHero,
KaKHe
6hI
HH3KHe
OHH
HH
6bIJIH.
Ha
pUBHHIIax
HallieH
rrJIaHeTbI
3eMJIR
TaKHe
YCJIOBHR
BCTpe
·
'1aIOTCR
TOJIhKO
B
cy6apKTaQeCKOM
rrORce
ceBep·
Horo
rrO
JI
YllIapHR,
B
ATJIUHTH'1eCKOM
OKeUHe
, B
~eHTPe
TerrJIoro
Te'1eHHR
rOJIh<pC1'PHM.
81'0
ct>up
.
pepCKHe
OCTPOBa
H
HCJIaH,lI;HR.
3,n;ecb
rrpH
orrTH·
MaJIhHO
TerrJIOH
3HMe
JIeTHHe
TeMrrepUTypbl
He
rrpeBblllIaroT
10
·
12
·
C.
JIeca
He
paCTYT.
Ha
XopO
·
1lI0
,n;peHHpOBaHHbIX
TePPHTOPHRX,
"ITO
CBR3aHO
C
oc06eHHOCTRMH
n0'1Bo06pa3yrow;ax
rropo,n;,
rocrro,n;CTByeT
JIyroBaR
paCTHTeJIbHOCTb
H
rrpH·
ypo~IeHHhIe
K
HeH
oc06ble
JIyroBble
cy6apKTH'1e
.
CKHe
rrO'1BbI,
rroxomHe
Ha
HalliH
ropHO
·
JIyroBhle.
Ha'1aJIo
H3~eHHR
BbICOI\.OrOpHblX
rrO'1B
KaBKa3a
6hIJIO
rrOJIOmeHO
B.B
•
.uOK~aeBblM
B
CBR3H
C
HCCJIe,n;OBaHHRMH
CTPYKTYpbI
BepTH
·
KaJIbHOH
30HaJIbHOCTH.
B
rrOCJIe,n;yrow;eM
,n;eTaJIb
·
HOH
o~eHKe
rrO'1B
BhICOKoropHH
KaBKa3a
6bIJIH
rrOCBRw;eHbI
HCCJIe,n;OBaHHR
C.A.3axapOBa,
C.B.30HHa,
B.M.ct>pH,n;JIaH,n;a.
BorrpOCUMH
reHe3H·
ca
H
KJIaCcH<pHKa~H
3THX
rrO'1B
3aHHMaJIHCh
Ta
·
KHe
Kpyl1Hble
~eHble
H8IlIeH
cTPaHhI
,
KaK
aKa,n;e·
MHKH
I1.II.repacaMoB,
JI.I1.IIpacoJIoB,
B.B.IIoJIblHOB
H .n;p.
Ha
OCHOBaHHH
MHOrO'1HCJIeHHbIX
pa60T
6bI·
JIO
,n;oKa3aHo,
"ITO
Bce
PR,n;bI
rrO'1B
B
YMepeHHoM
H
cy6TpOrrH'1eCKOM
rrORcax
B
aCrreKTe
BepTHKaJIb·
HOH
30HaJIbHOCTH
3aKaH'1HBaIOTCR
ropHO·
JIyroBbIMH
rrO'1BaMH
.
8TO
06'bRCHReTCR
60
.
'IblllH
'
MH
BbICOTaMH.
H
3Ha'1HTeJIbHb
I M
YBJIamHeHHeM,
pa3Ho06pa3HeM
caMHX
BbICOKoropHhIX
rrO'lB:
01'
TOP<PRHHCTbIX
rro,n;
po,n;o,n;eH,n;pOHOM
,n;o
'1epH03e·
MOBH,n;HhIX
Ha
Kap60HaTHblx
rropo,n;ax
rro,n;
TH·
rrH'1HhIMH
aJIbrrHHCKHMH
JIyraMH.
HMeHH
O B
Bbl·
COKoropbRx
KaBKa3a
6b1JIO
060CHOBaHO
BhI,n;eJIe-
HHe
T
Hrra
rOpHO
-
JIyroBblx
rrO'1B.
XapaKTepHaR
oc06eHHOCTb
rro'1Bo06pa30Ba
-
HHR
Ha
CKeJIeTHb
l X
Kopax
BhIBeTpHBaHHR
B
30He
BhICOKoropHH
-
CB060,n;HbIH
BHYTPeHHHH
.n;peHam
rrO'1BeHHOH
TO.lJW;H
rrpH
BblCOKOH
Be.lJH'1HHe
rro
-
BepXHOCTHOrO
CTOKa.
81'0
C03,n;aeT
B
HeH
OKHCJIH-
Te.1lhHble
YCJIOBHR
H
BhIHOC
JIerKOpaC'I'BOpHMbIX
rrpo,n;yKTOB
rro'1Bo06pa30BaHHR
3a
rrpe,n;e.lJb
l
rro'1
-
BeHHoro
rrp0<pHJIR.
HMeHHo
TaKHMH
oc06eHHo
-
CTRMH
06'bRCHReTCR
oTCYTC'I'BHe
B
ropax
TyH.n;po-
BhlX
rJIeeBbIX
rrO'1B,
KOTOpbIe
Ha
paBHHHHbIX
TeppHTOpHRX
B
BblCOKHX
IlIHpOTax
CJIe,n;yro
T
[lOC
o
JIe
JIeCHOH
TaemHoH
30HbI.
IIo'1Bo06pa30BaHHe
B
YCJIOBHRX
TPaBRHHC
-
TblX
BblcoKoropHH
rrpoHcxo,n;H
T rro,n;
B03,n;eHC'I'BH
-
eM
'I
emb
l
pex
':7JleMeH,
mapHbIX
npOl~eCCOB
nO'f
BO
o6pa.3oaa
If
llfl.:
1.
HaKOrrJIeHHe
rpy6oro
KHCJIOrO
(ropHO-
JIyroBble)
HJIH
HeHTpaJIbHOrO
(ropHO-JIyroBble
'1epH03eMOBH,lI;Hhle)
rYMaTHO
-
<PYJIbBaTHOro
ryMy-
ca
rrpH
<pOpMHpOBaHHH
,n;epHOBHHHoro
H
'1aCTO
TOP<PRHHCTOro
rrOBepXHOCTHoro
ropH30HTa.
2.
HHTeHCHBHOe
<pH3H'1eCKOe
BbIBeTpHBa
-
HHe,
KaK
rrpa'lHHa
w;e6HHCTOCTH
rrpo<pHJIR
H
06
-
PU30BaHHR
KaMeHHCTb
I X
oCblrreH
.
3.
HHTeHCHBHOe
OrJIHHHBaHHe,
rrpHBo,n;Rw;ee
K
HaKOrrJIeHHro
B
rrO'1BaX
rJIHHHCTbIX
'1aCTHU;
H
<peppHTH3a~HH,
T.e.
rrORBJIeHHro
cB060,n;HbIX
OKHC.lJOB
meJIe3a
H
aJIIOMHHHR.
4.
HHTeHCHBHOe
Bblw;eJIa'1HBaHHe
JIerKO
·
paC'I'BOpKMhIX
co.lJeH
H K
p6oHaTOB,
co,n;epma~axcR
B
rro~IBo06pa3yrow;HX
rropo,n;ax
H
06pa3yrolll;HxcR
B
npo
~
eccax
MHHepa.IlH3a~HH
paCTHTeJIhHhIX
OCTaT
-
KOB
H
ryMyca,
a
Ta~e
rrpH
OrJIHHHBaHHH
.
8TOT
rrpo~ecc
rrpOHCxO,ll;HT
rrpH
HHTeHCHBHOM
ropH30H
-
Ta.llhHOM
rrpoJ\lbIBHOM
BO,ll;HOM
pemHMe
H
crroc06-
C'I'ByeT
nOMepmaHHIO
KHCJIOH
peaKU;HH
Cpe,ll;hI
H
06ecKap60Ha'fHBaHHIO
rrp0<pHJIR.
HaKOrrJIeHHe
OpraHH'1eCKOrO
Bew;eCTBa
B
60.lJb1lIHX
KOJIH'IeC'I'BaX
B
rrO'lBaX
BblcoKoropHH
06YCJIOBJIeHO
HeCKOJIbKHMH
rrpHtJHHaMH.
KJIHMa-
TH'1eCKHe
YCJIOBHR
30Hbl
06eCrre'lHBaroT
rrocTO-
RHHyro
Bh
I
COKYro
BJIamHOCTb
rrO'lBbI,
'ITO
<pop-
MHpyeT
60raTYIO
JIyroBYro
paCTHTeJIbHOCTb.
Be
-
reTaU;HoHHbIH
rrepHo,n;
rrpo,n;OJIm8eTCR
Bcero
1 - 3
MeCRu;a
B
ro,n;y.
Pa3JIOmeHHe
paCTHTeJIbHblX
OCTaTKOB
rrpOTeKaeT
Me,n;JIeHHO
H3-3a
BblCOKOH
BJIamHOCTH
H
HH3KHX
TeMrrepaTY
p.
II03TOMY
npou;ecc
MHHepaJIH3aU;HH
OpraHH'IeCKOrO
Be-
w;eC'I'Ba
3aMe,n;JleH.
06pa3yroW;HecR
rrpH
pa3JIO
-
103
3.
nOYBEHHb
l
1l1
nOKPOB
.lKeHHH
OpraHH'leCKHe
KHCJIOThI
C03.n;alOT
KHCJIYlO
peaKIl.HlO
cpe.n;bI
H
Be.n;yT
K
HeHaCb
I
IIJ;eHHOCTH
nO'IB
OCHOBaHHRMH.
r o
pno
·
JLyw6bW
'/
.
ep
n
03e.lf1.06/l(}nbLe
110'/6bl
MeHee
YBJIa.IKHeHbI,
'l
eM
rOpHO
-
JIyroBhle
nO'IBbI;
aap06Hb
l e
npO
Il.
eCCb
I B
HHX
npoTeKalOT
60JIee
.n;JIHTeJIbHOe
BpeMR,
B
pe3YJIbTaTe
HaKOnJIeHHe
3.n;eCb
Op
r
aHH'leCKOrO
BeIIJ;eCTBa
HeCKO.JIbKO
lI1eHb
Ul
e,
'leM
B
rOpHO-JIy
ro
Bhlx
not{Bax.
Mbnui/,cKlte
aopno·J/ya06ble
110
l{.6 bl
HMelOT
CyxoTOpqmHbIH
r
opH30HT
MOIIJ;HOCTH
1-2
CM,
'ITO
OTJIH'laeT
HX
OT
.n;
pyrHx
BbICOKoropHbIX
n
O'IB.
OHH
XUpaKTepH3YlOTCR
O'leHb
CJIU60H
CTeneHblO
MHHepUJIH3a
Il.
HH
paCTHTeJIbHbIX
OCTaTKOB
H
60-
JIee
Bh
I
COKHM
HaKOnJIeHHeM
CHJIbHOHeHaCbIIIJ;eH
-
Horo
ryr.IaTHo
-
cpYJIbBaTHOrO
ryMyca
(.n;o
20
-
24
%
).
llPH
TaKOM
60raTOM
co.n;ep*aHHH
opra
-
HH'leCKOrO
BeIIJ;eCTBa
Il.B
eT
nO'lBbl
HHKor.n;a
He
6bIBaeT
'Iep
H
bIM.
CJIe.n;OBaTeJIbHO,
He
Bcer.n;a
no
Il.BeTY
nO'IBbI
MOJKHO
npe.n;nOJIO*HTb
co.n;ep*aHHe
ryMyca.
8TO
OTHOCHTCR
H K
CJIHTbIM
nO'IBaM:
npH
HHTeHCHBHOH
'I
epHOH
OKpaCKe
co.n;ep*U
H
He
B
HHX
ryMyca
y.n;HBHTeJIbHO
MaJIO
. B
ropHO
-
JIyrOBbIX
nO'IBUX
CBeTJIaR
OKpaCKa
rYI;
I
yca
06yc
-
JIOBJIeHa
ero
cpYJIbBaTHbIM
CBOHCTBOM,
B
CJIHTbIX
nO'IBaX
-
npO'IHOH
CB.H3blO
rYMHHOBbIX
KHCJIOT
C
MOHTMOPHJIJIOHHTOM.
Cy6aJLbnll(LClflle
ZOPHO-
JLYiw6ble
nO'/6bl
cpop
-
MHPYlOTCR
B
60JIee
"MRrKHx"
KJIHMa
T
H'leCKHX
yCJIOBHRX,
noaTOMY
C03.n;UlOT
60JIbUlHH
06'beM
6HoMaccbI
H
xapaKTepH3YlOTCR
JIY'IUleH
MHHepa
-
JIH3u
Il.
HeH
Op
raH
H'leCKHX
OCTaTKOB.
8 TH
nO'IBbI
HMelOT
nOBbIIIleHHYlO
MOIIJ;HOCTb
n
pocpHJIR
H
CJIa-
6ee
HaKan_JIHBalOT
Me
H
ee
HeHaCbIIIJ;eHHbIH
rYMUT-
HO-CPYJIbBaTHbIH
ryMyc
(.n;o
15-20
'
/'0).
fOpHO
-
JIyroBble
'lepH03eMOBH.n;Hble
nO'IBbI
OTJIH'lalOTCR
BbICOKHM
co.n;ep.IKaHHeM
ryMyca
(20
-
25
% ) B
ropH30HTe
A C
pe3KHM
YMeHbIIleHHeM
ero
KOJIH'leC
T
Ba
C
rJIy6HHoH.
MHHepaJIH3aIl.HJI
OpraHH'leCKHX
OCTaTKOB
.n;OCTaTO
'IH
O Bh
lCOKaR.
B
COCTaBe
OpraHH'leCKOrO
Be
IIJ;
eCTBa
MHoro
rYI;lHHO
-
BhIX
KHCJIOT,
B
TOM
'IHCJIe
H r
YMaTOB
KaJIhIl.HJI.
Bce
BbICOKo
r
op
H
ble
nO'IBbI
HMelOT
reHeTH'le
-
C
Koe
CXO.n;CTBO n o
MHHepa.1I0rH~eCKOMY
COCT
aBY·
lleC'laHaJl
(1-0,05
MM)
H
KpynHonbIJIeBaTaR
(0,05
-
0,01
MM)
cppaKIl.HH
COCTOJIT
H3
KBapIl.a
H
nO
JIeBhIX
IIlnaTOB.
B
CJIy'lae
Kup60HaTHbIX
no-
'lBo06pa3ylOIIJ;HX
nopo.n;
B
HH.lKHeH
'laCTH
npocpH
-
JIJI
npHCYTCTBYlOT
KaJIhIl.H
T H
.n;OJIOMHT
.
<PH3H'le
-
CKaJl
r.lIHHa
CcppaKIl.HH
0,01
MM)
COCTOHT
H3
BTO
-
PH'lHbIX
rJIHHHbIX
MHHepaJIOB
rpynnbI
rH.n;po
-
CJIlO.n;,
KaOJIHHHTa
H
MOHTMOPHJIJIOHHTa.
B
rOpHO-JIyrOBb
I
X,
rOpHO-JIyrOBbIX
'lepH03eMO-
BH.n;HbIX
HeKap60HaTHbIX
nO'IBaX
HHTeHCHBHOe
OrJIHHHBaHHe
OTMe'IaeTCR
B
rOpH30HTaX
B
HJIH
BC,
O'leBH.n;HO,
3a
C'leT
He3aTYXalOIIJ;HX
6HOXHMH'leCKHX
n
pO
Il.
eCCOB B
Te'leHHe
ro.n;a
H B
pe3YJIhTaTe
BJIHJlHHJI
n
O,ll;BH.lKHbIX
arpeCCHBHbIX
opruHH~ecKHX
KHCJIOT,
BKJIlO'laJl
H
CPYJIbBOKHCJIOTbI.
TUK,
co.n;epJKaHHe
HJIa
B
rOpH30HTe
A
aTHX
nO'IB
COCTaBJIJleT
21-24%,
a B
rOpH30HTe
B -
25
-
28%.
B
rOpHO
-
JIyrOBbIX
'Iep-
H03eMOBH.n;HbIX
Kap60HaTHbIX
n
O'IBaX
06.lIaCTb
MaKCHMaJIbHOrO
OrJIHHHBaHHJI
Ha6JIlOp;aeTCJI
B
BepXHHX
ropH30H
T
ax,
nOCKOJIbKY
Kap60HaTHOCTb
OKa3hIBaeT
OTPH
Il.
aTeJIbHOe
BJIHRHHe
Ha
p;aHHbIH
np0Il.ecc.
KOJIH'lec
TB
o
HJIa
B
rOpH30HTe
A
COCTaB
·
JI
ReT
25%,
a B
rOpH30HTe
B
17%.
llpOCPHJIh
rOpHO-JIyroBhlx
nO'IB
HMeeT
CJIe-
p;YlOIIJ;ee
CTpoeHHe:
A - r
YMycoBh
I H
ropH30HT
, C
nOBepxHocTH
B
pa3HoH
CTe
n
eHH
3ap;epHOBaHHbIH
(A
il)
HJIH
p;
ep
-
H
OBO-TOPCPJlHHCTbIH
(A.
1T
),
MOIIJ;HOCTb
15-20
CM.
KOpW-lHeBo-6YPbIH
HJIH
TeMHO
-
KOpH
'l
HeBO
-
6YPhlH,
HenpO'IHO-MeJIK03epHHCTbIH,
OT
rJIHHHC
-
TOro
P;O
JIerKocyrJIHHHCTOro,
'I
a CTO C B
KJIlO'leHH-
eM
IIJ;e6HR
,
KaMHeH,
HeynJIOTHeHHbIH
(U
nyx
_
JIh
I
H"),
MeJIKOnOpHCTb
I H ,
co.n;epjfUiT
MHOI'O
KOp
-
HeH,
nepexop;
nOCTe
n
eHHbIH
;
B -
nepexop;HbIH
rOpH30H
'l
"
MOIIJ;HOCTh
15
-
25
CM;
6ypO-KOpH'lHeBh
I
H,
ryMycoBa
Jl
OKpaCKa
Bblpa.IKeHa
cJIa60,
He
n p
O'IHO
-MeJIK03epHHCThIH,
OT
I'JIHHHCTOro
.n;o
JIerKocy
r.
JIHHHCTOro,
COp;ep.IKHT
60JIblilee
KOJIH'leCTBO
IIJ;e6HJI,
'leM
ropH30HT
A,
ynJIOTHeHHbIH,
MeJIKOnOpHcTb
I
H,
C
KOPHJlMH,
nepexop;
3aMeTHbIH;
BC
-
nepexo.n;HbI
H
I'
opH30HT
C
npe06JIap;a
-
HHeM
CBOHCTB
nO'lBo06pa3
Y
lOIIJ;eH
nopop;bI;
C
BbIIIJ;eJIO'leHHbIH
aJIlOBHH,
aJI
lO
BO
-
p;eJIlOBHH,
.n;eJIlOBHH
KopeHHhIX
n
opop;,
M OIIJ;
HOC
Tb
20-30
CM,
.lKeJITO-6YPbIH
(CBeTJIO-6YPbIH,
CBeTJIO
-
KOpH'lHeBb
I
H),
6eCCTPYKTYPHh
l
H,
OT
r
JIHHHCTOro
P;O
JIerKocy
r
JIHHHCTOro,
C
06H
JI
HeM
IIJ;e6HJI
H
KaMHeH,
KOpHH
BC
T
pe'laIOTCJI
pep;Ko,
O'leHb
no-
CTene
H
HO
nepexop;HT
B
KopeHHYlO
nopop;y
.
BaJIOBOH
COCTaB
rOpHO
-
JIyroBb
lx
nO'lB,
npH-
Be.n;eHHbIH
B
Ta6JI.
52,
YKa3hIBaeT
Ha
'leTKHH
CH
-
aJIHTHhlH
xapaKTep
nO'lBhI.
He
Ha6JIlOp;aeTCR
pe3KoH
p;HcpcpepeHIl.HaIl.HH
K
OM
nOH
eH
T
OB
COCTaBa
n o
npocpHJIlO
.
MeJKp;y
aJIhnHHCKHMH
H
cy6a
.TI
h -
n
HHcKHMH
n
O'!BaMH
npaKTH<!eCKH
HeT
pa3JIH-
'lHH.
fOpHO-JIyroBhle
nO'lBhl
HMe
r
OT
KHCJIYlO
pe
-
aKIl.HlO
cpep;hI
(pH
4,3
-
5,3).
Ha
ee
BeJIH'lHHY
OKa3hIBaeT
3aMeTHOe
BJIHJlHHe
nO'lBo06pa3YlO
-
IIJ;
aR
nopo.n;a,
paCTHTeJIbHOCTb,
npoMhlBHOH
pe
-
JKHII1.
8THM
n
O'!BaM
CBoHc
T
BeHHa
BhICOKUJI
rHp;
-
POJIHTH'leCKaR
KHCJIOTHOCTb,
p;OCTHralO
IIJ;
aJl
28
1Il.
-
aKB
/
100
r.
OHa
06YCJIOBJIeHa
B
OCHOBHOM
06MeHHhIM
aJIlOMHHHeM.
COp;epJKaHHe
06MeHHblx
OCHOBaHHH
CpaBHHTeJIhHO
HeBhICOKoe
(Ta6JI.
53).
fOpHO
-
JIyroBhle
nO'lBhI
XapaKTepH3YIQTCJI
PhIXJIhlM
CJIOJKeHHeM,
BhICOKOH
nOpHCTOCTblO,
xopoUleH
oCTPYKTYPeHHOCTblO
(Ta6JI.
54),
'I
TO
CBJl3aHO
C
npOH3paCTaHHeM
TpaBRHHcTOH
paCTHTeJIhHOCTH.
B
npocpHJIe
ropHo
·
JIy
r
oBh
l x
'IepH03eMOBHp;-
HhIX
not{B
Bh
l
p;eJIRlOT
CJIep;ylO
IIJ;
He
rOpH30HTbI:
A -
I'YMycoBhIH,
C
nOBepxHocTH
B
pa3HoH
CTeneHH
3a.n;epHoBaHHhIH
CA.n;)
MOIIJ;HOC
T
hlO
15
-
20
CM.
TeMHo
-
cephIH
C
KOpH'lHeBaThIM
OTTeH
-
KOM,
KOMKOBaTO
-
3epHHCThIH,
OT
rJIHHHCTOI'O
P;
O
cyrJIHHHCTOro,
C
BKJIlO'leHHJlMH
IIJ;e6HJI,
KaMHeH,
no
KOTOPhIM
OTMe'IaeTCJI
BCKHnaHHe,
ynJIOTHeH
-
HhIH,
MeJIKOnOpHCThIH,
MHoro
KopHeH,
KanpOJIH
-
TbI,
nepexop;
nOCTeneHHhIH;
B -
nepexop;Hh
I H
ropH30H
T
MOIIJ;HOCThlO
15-
25
CM.
TeMHo
-
cepbIH
C
KOpH'lHeBhIM
OTTeHKOM,
104
3.
6.
BblCOKOrOPHblE nOYBbl
3epHHCTblH,
OT
fJIHHHCTOfO
l1,0
cyrJIHHHCTOfO,
DCTpe'laeTCR
w;e6eHh,
no
K
OTOPOMY
OTMe~raeTCR
BCKHIlaHHe
,
co,o;ep)f{l1TCR
B
60.1JbmOI\l
KOJIW
IeCTBe,
l(eM
B
I'OPH30HTe
A,
ynJIOTHeIIHbIH,
l\Ie.rIKonopHC-
ThIH,
KOpHH,
KarrpO.'lHTbI,
nepexo,o;
pe3KKH;
BC
-
nepexo,o;HbIH,
C
rrpe06JIu,o;nHHeM
n
OKp
aCKe
H
CTpoeHHH
rrpH3HuKOB
nO<£Boo6pn3Ylo
-
ll\ei.f
110POP;bI;
C -
HachIw;eHHhIH
OCTaTO'lHO
-
Kap60HaTHhIH
3moBHH
(,o;emoBHii)
KopeHHhIx
nopo,o;
MOw;-
HOCThlO
20-30
CM
•
.iKe.'lThIH
(naJIeBhIH)
C
pa3Hhl
-
MH
O'M'eHKaMH,
6eCCTPYKTYPHbIH,
OT
rJIHHHCTOfO
,0;0
CYfmn£HCTOfO,
C
06H.'lHeM
w;e6HR
H
KaMHeH,
pe,o;KO
KOPHH,
KnnpOJIHThl,
OTMe'faeTCR
cn.'lom
-
Hoe
BCKHnaJ-fHe,
nepexo,o;HT
B
KopeHHytO
nopo,o;y
.
52
.
BIlJIOBOH
COCTIlB
ropnO-JIyroBbIx
nO'lB,
%
lIft
npOKIlJIeHHYro
HllneCKY
(rOpqapYK)
CaO
Si0
2
Fe20:1
MgO
Si0
2
rOpII30nT
r
.'l
y6IIna,
TIOTePIi
Ilpli
R~O
:
I
AI20:1
P 20 0
IlpO
Ka!IHBUHlI
ff
CM R 20 3
A7blllli
1C
I;1I1
1
1I0ll
C
Al
0-5
37,9
BI
5-10
27,2
B~
10-20
19
,1
62,0
62,7
63,1
25,1
24,8
28,4
16,5
17,4
18,4
8,3
7,2
9,8
1.5
1,8
1,4
1,6
0,6
1,5
0,33
0,15
0,16
4,8
4,8
4,3
AoAI
0-5
33,2
C y
71,0
6a.?lJlI
lI
ii
24,
5
cl,·llIi
1I0RC
14,
5
9,6
1,3
2,4
0,21
5,8
BI
5-10
15,
4
70,7
23,0
13,6
9,2
0,8
2,2
0,16
6,2
BI
20-30
10,6
67,4
28,2
17,8
10,2
0,8
2,3
0,11
4,7
B2
50-60
7,0
63,8
27
,0
17,5
9,4
1,0
2,0
0,09
4,6
53.
rY~IYc
II
nOrJIOm;CHlIbIC
KIlTlfOJlbl
n
ropnO-JIyroBhlx
nO'lBIlX
(rOp'IllpYK)
TIor
JIOllleHllbH'
rH,lJ;pO
.'lH
TH'I
ecJo;a
SI
CTelleHb
pH
rOpH30HT
rJIy6Hna,
rY!l1Yc
A30T
C:N
Ca
Mg
Ca+
Mg
:KHCJIOTROCTb
naChlll\eHnOCTH
BO,lJ;.
CM
Ba.'lOBhle,
%
1II
.
-3Jo;
B/
100
r
1l0'IBbI
OCHOBaHl'I.fI!I1H, %
A7blW11CI;lIli
1I0RC
Ail.
0-5
22
,2
1,05 12,5
8,2
10,9
19,1
18,8
50
5,1
B
10
-
17
12,2
0,77
9,2
2,4
3,3
5,7
13,2
30
5,0
C
,[(
20-25
3,1
0,34
5,3
2,1
2,7
4,8
13,1
27
5,0
,U
30-40
0,3
0
,15
1.1
He
OllpC,lJ;e:I.fIJIOCb
C
16a.7blllliIC/
~
IIi1
/lO
IlC
AI
0-5
23,6
1,45
9.4
15,4
6,9
22,3
20,9
52
4,6
B I
5-10
1
3,9
0,94
6,0
8,7
6,3
15,0
20,1
43
4,7
BI
20-27
~
,..
I,
(
0,75
4,3
7,4
4,3
11,7
20,1
37
4,8
B:I
50-60
3,3
0,42
2,9
6,3
3,0
9,3
16,4
36
5,1
BC
70-80
0,8
0,31
1,6
14,9
4
,3
19,2
15
,4
55
5,2
54,
«I>H3HQCCKHe
JI
BOAHo<ilH3H'leCKlIe
cnoHCTBIl
ropHo-.rryrOBbIX
nO"llB
(rOp"llIlPYK)
rOpH
30HT
r.'ly6Hnu,
MeXaHl-l'IeCJo;HH
cocTaB,%
CM
,0,01
,0
,001
ITJIOTHOCTb,
'1
r
/cM'
IT.'lOTHOCT
b
TBep,lJ;oii
(PI13bI, r I
CM:
1
06m;11.f1
1l0
-
PHCTOCTb,
%
RO
.l
IH'leCTBO
Urpel'aTOB
>
0,25,%
BJIa)KJlOCTb
3a
BSI,lJ;aHHSI,
%
A;J.
0-5
25,9
B
10
-
17
28,7
C,U
20
-
25
28,0
AI(
,lJ;)
0-4
BI
6-10
B2
10-20
7,
9
10,8
10,4
35,2
35,7
37,4
A7blllli
l
CIt'
uil
1,03
1
,34
1,33
0,54
0,72
0,90
/lORC
2,60
2,58
2,73
60,4
32,6
40,2
76,5
72,2
65,2
68
66
70
13,7
17
,9
16,2
XHl\Ui'leCKHH
COCTaB
rOpH
O
-JIYf
OBbIX
'1epHO-
3eMOBH,D;HbIX
nO'lB
6JIH30K
K
fOPHO-JIYI'OBbIl\1.
8TH
nO'iBbI
HUKanJIHBalOT
B
fOpH30HTe
A
3Ha'iH
-
TeJIbHOe
}WJIH'ieCTBO
rY
Mycn
,
pe3KO
y6hIBalO
w;
ee
C
fJIy6HHOH.
Y3Roe
OTHOmeHHe
C:N
(4-10)
-
no-
Ka3aTeJIb
xopomeH
MHHepnJIH3UU;HH
paCTHTe.'lb-
HbIX
OCTUTKOB.
PeaKD;HR
Cpel1,
bI
B
BepXHHX
fOPH
-
30HTax
npeHMYlll,eCTBe
HHO
CJIa60KHCJIUR
B
BbI-
ru;eJIO'ieHHbIX
nO'iBnX,
a B
THnH'iHbIX
H
Kup60-
Cy6a.qb/llllIC/~lIli
1I
0RC
AI
0-5
27,4
13,9
0,68
2,31
70,6
24,6
B I
5-10
44,4
18,1
0,24
2,62
68,5
18,1
B:I
50-60
66,3
33,0
1,28
2,73
53,3
15,5
BC
70-80
67,1
32,7
1,31
2,71
50,8
14,7
HUTHbIX
- 6JIH;.I-Ce K
HeHTPaJIbHoH.
rH,D;POJIHTHt{e
-
CKaR
KHCJIOTHOCTh
CPUBHHTeJIbHO
HeBblCORaR
H
y6bIBaeT
OT
OCTaTO'IHO-Kap60HaTHblx
Bblru;eJIO
-
'ieHHbIX
K
THnHt{HbI
M
nO'iBaM.
CYMMa
o6MeHHbIx
oCHoBaHHH
B
rrpoq:m.T(e
3THX
not{B
Bb
l
COKaR
-
37,8
-
53,3
M.-3RB
Ha
100
f
nO'iBbI.
B
COOT
-
BeTCTBHH
C
3THM
nO'iBbI
HMelOT
H
BbICOKYIO
CTe
-
neHb
HaCbIw;eHHOCTH
OCHOBaHHRMH
(80
-
92%)
.
105
n
OYBEHHbl1l1
n OKPOB
rOpHO-JIyroBhle
qepH03eMOBH,u;Hh
l e
nO
lf
BhI
HMelO
T
06h
I
QHO
OQeHh
phIXJIOe
CJIOJKeHHe
ryMy
-
COBoro
npo
q
lHJI.fI
3U
CQeT
xopOllIeH
OCTpYKTypeH
-
HOCTH_
ct>UKTOP
,u;Hcn
epCHOCTH
COCTUBJI.fIeT
9,9%,
'ITO
CBH,lI;eTeJIhCTByeT
0
BhICOKOH
Bo,u;onpOqHOCTH
MHKpoa
r
perU
TO
B H
xopollIeH
urperUTHpOBUH
-
H
OCTH
n
OqB.
I1JIOTHOCTh
nOqBhI
COCTUBJI.fIeT
0,66
-
0,81
r/cM
~
,
a n
JIOTHOCTh
TBep,ll;OH
<pa3hI
nOlfBhI
no
n p
ocp
HJIlO
n
oqTH
He
H3MeH.fIeTC.fI
-
2,38
-
s
2,47
r /
cM
• B
CB.fI3H
C
aTHM
nOqBhl
HMelOT
BhICO
·
KylO
o6
m;
ylO
n
OpHCTOCTh,
B
rOpH30HTe
A -
46
-
52%,
B
CJIe,u;CTBHe
qero
06JIu,lI;alOT
nOBhIllIeHHoH
cpHJIbTpaIJ,HOHHOH
cnoc06HoC
T
blO.
BblcoKOrOpb.fI
3UHHMUlO
T
60JIee
nO.TIOBHHbJ
BceH
nJIO
m;
a,n;H
BO.TIbllIOrO
KUBKU3U.
3,u;ech
cocpe,ll;o
-
TOqeHbI
ecTec
TB
eHHble
nucrtiHm;u
H
ceHOKOCbI,
KO
-
TOpble
B
pe3YJIhTaTe
HX
HHTeHCHBHOro
HCnOJIb30
-
BUHH.fI
Hy)f(,1l;alOTC.fI
B
Y.TIYlfllIeHHH
H O
XPaHe.
OCHoBa
pUIJ,HO
H
aJIhHOrO
HCnOJIb30BUHH.fI
UJIbnHHCKHx
H
cy6aJIhnHHCKHx
JIyroB
-
HOPMH
-
POBUHHbIH
Bbl
n
ac
CK
O
Ta.
I1eperpY3Ku
CKOTOM
nucrtiH
m;
Hblx
yrO,ll;HH
pU3pYllIaeT
,u;epHHHY
H
nO
q
BeHHYlO
CTpyKTYPY,
BbI3bIBa.fI
aKTHBHYlO
BO,ll;HylO
ap03HlO.
Ha
CKOTonporOHHbIX
T
ponax
06pu3ylOTC.fI
n p
OMOH
H bI ,lI;0
KopeH
H
hIX
nopo,ll;
I'JIy6HHoH
60JIee
1 M H
llIHPHHOH
,lI;0
3-5
M.
I1e-
perpY3KU
nacrtiHm;
CKOTOM
CHHJKUeT
HX
npO,ll;yK-
THBHOCTh
3a
CqeT
YBeJIHqeHH.fI
Hec'he,ll;06HOrO
H
.fI,lI;OBHTOro
PU3HOTpaBb.fI,
HCKJIlO'Ja.fI
HX
TeM
ca
-
MhIM
H3
CeJIhCKOX03.fIHCTBeHHoro
0
60pOTU.
JJ:JI.fI
60Pb6hl
C
BO,ll;HOH
ap03HeH
H
nOBbJllIe
-
HH.fI
npO,ll;YKTHBHOCTH
eCTeCTBeHHbIX
KOPMOBhIX
y r
o,u;HH
BblcoKoropHH
He06xo,ll;HMO:
1.
I1CIIOJIb30BU
Th
nOqBh
I
TOJIhKO
B
CHCTeMe
ceHoKoco060pOTOB
H
nucrtiH
m;
e060poTOB
.
He
,lI;0
-
nYCKUTh
HCnOJIb30BUHHe
nucrtiHm;
npH
nepe-
YBJIaJKHeHHH
.
2.
HUqHHUTh
BbIIIac
CKOTa
B
KpuCHO,ll;apCKOM
Kpue
C
nepHo,u;a
nucrtiHm;HoH
3peJIOCTH
TpaBOCTO.fI
(cpu3a
BbIXO,u;U
3JIUKOB
B
Tpy6KY),
n
pH
,lI;oCTHmeHHH
Bh
I
COTh
I
TpUBOCTO.fI
UJIbnHHCKHx
nacWH
m;
10
-15 CM
(5-
15
HlOJI.fI),
B
cy6UJIbnHl1:CKHX
-
15
-
20
CM
(25-
30
Ma.fI).
I1PH
3U
T
.fIJKHOH
BeCHe
Bhlnuc
CKOTa
HaqHHUTb
Ha
,lI;Be
He,ll;eJIH
n03
m e .
3.
HOpMHpoBaTb
H a
rpY3KY
CKOT
a
HU
e,ll;H-
HHIJ,y
nJIOm;u,zi;H,
HCXO
,ll;
.fI
H3
CTeneHH
apo,u;Hp
o -
BUHHOCTH
nOqB.
4.
I1poBO,ll;HTb
paHHeBeceHHee
m;eJIeBaHH
e
nOqB
nonepeK
CKJIOHOB
lfepe3
2-
10
M , ,lI;HCKOBa
HHe
,lI;epHHHhI
C
BHeceHHeM
y,ll;06peHHH
H
nO,ll;ceB
TpaB.
5.
I1PH
CHJIbHOc6HTOM
TpaB.fIHOM
n
OKpOBe
H
3acopeHHOCTH
nacrtiHm;
Hec'he,ll;06HbIM
H .fI,lI;OBH-
TbIM
TpUBOCTOeM
npHM
e
H.fITh
acpcpeKTHBH
b
le
K O-
peHHb
l e
YJIyqllIeHH.fI:
BcnallIKY
C n
oqBoyrJIy6JIe
-
HHeM
IIonepeK
CKJIOHa,
pUHHeBeceHHee
m;eJIeBa
-
HHe
H
noceB
MHOrOJIeTHHX
TpUB
.
3 .
7.
r H
,lJ,
P 0
MOP
<D
H
hI
E n 0
1.(
B hI
3.7.1.
rel£e3uc
U oco6el£l£ocmu
lW"'6oo6 pa306al£UR
rH,lJ;pOMOPCPHbJe
nOqBbI
llIHPOKO
pacnpocTpa-
HeH
bI
Ha
TeppHTOpHH
KpUCHO,ll;apCKOl'o
Kpa.1l.
By
-
,lI;YlfH
HHTpU30HaJIbHhJMH,
OHH
BCTpeqUlOTC.fI
BO
Bcex
KJIHMaTH'leCKHX
30Hax.
3aHHMalOT
rH,lJ;pO-
MOPCPHble
IIOqBb
I
12
-
13
%
Bcero
3eMeJIbHOrO
<poH,lI;a
Kpa.fI,
BKJIlOqalOm;erO
H
BbICOKOI'OPh.fI.
OHH
llIHPOKO
pac
n
pOCTpaHeHhI
B
nOHMax
H ,lI;OJIHHUX
MHOrOqHC
-
JIeHHhlX
ropHbIX
H
CTe
n
HbIX
peK
H
HHOI',lI;a
BCTpe
-
qalOTC.fI
BHe
peqHbIX
,lI;OJIHH, H a
PUBHHHHhIX
H BO-
,lI;OpU3,l1;eJIbHbIX
npOCTpUHCTBUX
3uKy6aHb.fI
H
I1pu
-
B06epemh.fI
Ky6aHH.
Ho
npeo6JIll,lI;alOm;a.fI
nJIOm;u,lI;h
(,lI;0
80
% )
HX
puc
n
pOCTpaHeHH.fI
-
,u;eJIbTa
Ky6aHH
H
npHJIeralOIU;He
n
pOCTpUHCTBU.
OCHOBHbIMH
<pUKTOPaMH
,
OIIpe,u;eJI.fIlOIU;HMH
np
OIJ,
ecch
I
no
q
Bo06pU30BUHH.fI
B
,lI;eJIbTe
H
npHJIe
-
ralOm;HX
npOCTpUHCTBUX,
JlBJI.fIlOTC.fI
reoMop<p0JIO
-
rH.fI
H
peJIbecp,
reHe3HC
H
CBOHCTBa
noqBo06pu
-
3
YlQm;HX
n
opo,ll;,
I'
H,lJ;pOJIOrH'lecKHe
H
I'H,lJ;pOl'eoJIO-
rl-NecKHe
YCJIOBH.fI
H
UHTponOl'eHHOe
B03,l1;eHCTBHe
.
COI'JIUCHO
l'eoMoP<POJIOI'HqeCKOH
KUpThI
Kpu
c
Ho,u;apcKol'o
KpU.fI
(CU<PPOHOB),
TeppHTOpH.fI
,u;eJIb
TbI
H
npHJIerUlOm;HX
II
pOCTpaHCTB
BKJIlOqUeT
TUKHe
zeoMopcjJoJ/.
oz
lt'l
.
ecH:
ue
o6pa306alill.n
:
~
l.
AJIJIlOBHUJIbHO-JIeccoBble
paBHHHbI
\
JIeB06e-
pemHb
I X H
IIpaB06epemHbIX
TeppUC
Ky6aHH.
CJIO
-
JKeHbI
OHH
O,ll;HOpO,ll;HhIMH JIecCOBH,lI;HhI
MH
l'
JIHHHCTO-
T.fIJKeJIOCyr
JIHHHCTbIMH
OTJIOmeHHJlMH,
nO,ll;CTHJIU-
eMh
I
MH
,lJ;peBHe8.JIJ11OBHaJIhHhIMH
OTJIOmeHHJlMH.
2.
JJ:pe
B
HlOlO
,lI;eJIbTOBYlO
UKKYMYJIJlTHBHO
-
UJIJIlOBHaJIbHYlO
paBHHHy,
CJIOmeHHYlO
qeTBep
-
THqHbIMH
aJIJIIOBHaJIbHbJMH
OTJIOmeHH.fIMH
pa3
-
JIHqHOI'O
MeXUHHq
e
CKOrO
COCTaBa,
no,n;CT
H.
TIa-
e
MbIMH
JIeCCOBH,n;HbIMH
OTJIOJKe
H
H.fIMH.
3.
'
COBpeMeHHYlO
,n;eJIbTO
B
ylO
aJIJIlOBH
U
JIbHO
-
UKKyMyJI.fITHBHylO
paBHHHy,
CJIOmeHH
Y
lO
COBpe
-
MeHHbIMH
aJIJIlOBHaJIbHbIMH
OTJIOJKeHH.fIMH
PU3
-
JIH'IHOI'O
COCTaBU,
no,n;CTHJI
U
eMbIMH
M
OPCKHMH
H
UJIJIlOBHaJIbHbIMH
OTJIOJK
e
HH.fIMH.
CMeHU
YKa3
aH -
Hh
I X
l'eOMOPCPOJIOI'HqeCKHX
06pU30BaHHH
npOHC
-
XO,u;HT
C
BOCTOKU
Ha
3a
n a
,u;
H
BhlpamaeTC.fI
B
na
-
,u;eHHH
OTMeTOK
nOBepXHOCTH
OT
+10
-
20
M
Ha
TeppUCUX
,n;o
+0,5
M H
,n;aJKe
H Y
JIeBb
I X OT
MeTO
K
HU
BOCTOKe
COBpeMf'HHOH
,n;eJIbTbI.
AJIJIlOBH
a
JIb-
HO
-
JIeCCOBa.fI
paBHHHU
npe,n;CTaBJIe
H a I,
II
H
III
Hu,n;IIoHMeHHbIMH
TeppUCaMH
Ky6aHH.
PeJIbecp
ee
paBHHHHbIH
CJIU60BOJI
H
HCTbIH.
I1epexo,u;
Mem,n;y
II
H
III
TeppUCUMH
XOPOllIO
BblpaJKeH,
ycryn
H
npHTeppUCHoe
nOHH
m
eHHe
npOCJIe
m
HBa
eTC.fI .fIB-
HO.
I1epexo,n;
Mem,u;y
I H
II
TeppaC
aM
H
Oq
e
Hb
IIJIUBHbIH.
TeppacbI
JIeB06epemb.fI
npope3
a
HbJ
,n;OJIHHaMH
MHOrOqHCJIeHHbIX
1'0PHbiX
peK;
6epy
-.
m;HX
HUqaJIO
B
1'0pUX
BOJIbllIOI'O
KaBKu3a.
B
B03
-
P U
CTHOM
OTHOllIeHHH
UJIJIlOBHaJIbHO
-
JIeCCOBa
.fI
PUBHHHU
HUH60JIee
,u;peBH.fI.fI
B
IIpe,n;eJIax
pel'HO
-
HU.
Hu
TeppUCUX
Ky6uHH
C(]:lOpMHpOBaJIHCb
30-
HUJIbHbIe
IIOqBbI
-
qepH03eMbI
B
COqeTaHHH
C
nOJIYI'H,lJ;pOMOPCPHbIMH
aHaJIOl'aMH
q
epH03eMOB
-
JIyI'OBO
-
qepH03eMHbIMH
IIOqBUMH.
•
JJ:peB
H.fI.fI
,n;eJIbTOBa.fI
paBHHHa
npe,n;CTaBJI.fIeT
C060H
IIJIOCKYIO,
co
CJIU60BhlpumeHHh
I M
YKJIOHOM
HU
3unu,u;
paBHHHy,
OCJIOmHeHHYIO
CJIe,n;ylOm;HMH
3JIeMeHTUMH
peJIhecpa:
I'P.fI,n;006pU3Hh
I
MH
npHe
-
PHqHhlMH
nOBhlllIeHH.fIMH,
pYCJIaMH
Y
l'
aCllIHX
106
epmWB,
paBHHHHhIMH
rrpOCTpaHCTBaMH,
3aMKHY-
TbIMH
He60JIhUIHMH
.n;errpeccHRMH
H
60JIhUIHMH
llJIOCKHMH
3aMKHyThIMH
.n;errpeccHRMH,
Ha3hI
-
BaeMhIMH
rrO
-
MeCTHOMY
JIHMaHaMH
(reHe3HC
aTHX
llOHHmeHHH
He
CBR3aH
C
MopeM,
H
HU3hIBaIOTCR
OHH
JIHMaHaMH
YCJIOBHO)_
B
B03PUCTHOM
OTHOllle
-
HHH
.n;peBHRR
.n;eJIhTa
3UHHMaeT
npOI\Ien<YTO'lHOe
llO.llomeHHe
MeJK.n;y
JIecCOBhIMH
TeppUCaMH
H CO-
BpeMeHHOH
.n;eJIhTOBOH
PaBHHHOH.
TIO'lBeHHhIH
rro
-
KpOB
.n;peBHeH
.n;eJIhThI
rrpe.n;CTaBJIeH
n
peHM~e
CTBeHHO
JIyrOBhlMH
rrO'lBaMH,
a
rro
.n;HHIlJ,aM
BhIChI
-
XaIOIlJ,HX
JIHMUHOB
-
JIyroBo-60JIOTHhIMH
rrO'lBUMH_
I
COBpeMeHHaR
.n;eJIhTOBaR
aJIJIIOBHUJIhHO-
aKKYMYJIRTHBHUR
paBHHH~
-
HUH60JIee
MOJIo.n;oe
reOl\lOPtPo.llorH'leCKOe
06pU30BaHHe
perHOHa
rrpe.n;CTaBJIReT
C060H
rrJIOCKOCTh
C
O'leHh
cJIa60
BbIpaJf-.:eHHblM
YI-:JIOHOM
Ha
3urra.n;.
OCHOBHble
3JIeMeHThI
ee
peJIhecpa
COCTaBJIRIOT
MHOrO'lHC-
JIeHHble
rpHBo06pa3Hhle
rrOBhlUIeHHR
B.n;OJIh
PY
-
ceJI
.n;eHCTBYIOIlJ,HX
H
yracIIIHx
epHKOB,
paBHHH-
HbIe
rrpOCTpUHCTBa,
MeJIKHe
MeJKrpR.n;OBhI
.n;e
-
rrpeCCHH
H
06lllHpHhle
rrJIOCKHe
.n;HHIlJ,a
yracUIHx
JIHMaHOB.
PacnpOCTpaHeHhI
HU
COBpeMeHHOH
.n;e.T[bTOBOH
paBHHHe
a.rlJIIOBHaJIhHble
rrO'lBhI:
JIY-
rOBbIe,
JIyroBo-60JIOTHhle
H
60.110THhle.
B
YCJIOBHRX
.n;e.T[hThI
Hu6mo.n;aeTCR
I-:JIUCCH-
qeCl-:aR
3UBHCHMOCTh
MeXaHH'leCKOrO
COCTaBU
IIOqBOrpYHTOB
OT
peJIhecpHbIX
YCJIOBHH:
rpR.n;hI
H
rrpHpYC.llOBhIe
BaJIhI
epHKOB
rr
pe.n;CTUBJIeHhI
OT-
.llomeHHRMH
JIerKOrO
COCTUBU
(JIerKHe,
peJKe
cp
e.n;HHe
cyrJIHHI-:H,
cyrrech
H
rreCKH
C
rrpOCJIOH-
KaMH
60JIee
TRJKeJIOrO
COCTUBa);
B
MeJKrpR.n;OBhIX
rrOHHmeHHRX
H
.n;HHIlJ,UX
JIHMaHOB
pucrrpOCTpu
-
HeHhI
TRmeJIhle
r
JIHHHCThle
rrO'lBOrpYHThI.
IIOCKOJIhl-:Y
B
MOHorpacpHH
E.C_BJIuJf-.:HerO
"TIO'lBhI
.n;e.llhThI
Ky6aHH
H
rrpHJIeralOIlJ,HX
rrpo-
CTpaHCTB"
(1971)
rro.n;p06HO
orrHcaHhl
YCJIOBHR
rroqBoo6pa30BaHHR
B
paccMaTpHBaeMoM
perHOHe,
rrpORBJIeHHR
r
JIeeBOrO
H
rrceB.n;orJIeeBOrO,
COJIOH-
qal-:OBOro
H
COJIOH~eBaToro
npo~eCCOB,
B
.n;aHHOM
pa3.n;eJIe
Mhl
orrHllleM
HeKOTOphIe
oc06eHHocTH
cOBpeMeHHoro
rrpo~eccu
rrol.J.Bo06pa30BaHHR
,
HO-
B
eHIlleH
HCTOPHH
.n;eJIhThI
Ky6aHH
H
POJIh
UHTpO
-
rroreHHoro
cpaKTOpa_
HCTOPHR
CPOpMHpoBaHHR
.n;eJIhThI
Ky6aHI1
(Kal-:
.n;peBHeH,
TUK
H
cOBpeMeHHoH
ee
'laCTeH)
B
B03paCTHOM
OTHOllleHHH
YKJIa.n;hIBaeTCR
B
'leT-
BepTI1QHhIH
rrepHO.n;,
.n;JIHTeJIhHOCThlO
nopR.n;KU
1
M.llH
JIeT,
BKJIIO'lalOIlJ,HH
.n;Be
arrOXH:
rrpe.n;JIe.n;HH-
I-:OBYIO H
JIep;HHI-:OBYIO,
Ha3bIBaeMYIO
n.'1eHCTO
-
~eH
,
H
nOCJIeJIe.n;HHKOBYIO,
Ha3hIBueMYIO
rO.llO-
~eH.
IIocJIep;Hee
OJIep;eHeHHe
Ha
CeBepHoM
KUB
-
l-:a3e
3UBepIllHJIOCh
OKOJIO
50
ThIC.
JIeT
HU3a.n;
(BIOpMcKoe
BpeMR)_
TIoCJIe
Hero
OCTaJIHCh
nJIeH-
CTO~eHOBhle
TeppaChI
Ky6aHH
H
aJIJIIOBHaJI
hHO-
JIeCCOBhle
paBHHHhI,
Ha
KOTOPhIX
Hal.J.aJIH
cpop-
MHpOBaThCR
30HUJIhHhIe
nOl.J.BhI
perHOHa
- l.J.ep-
H03eMhI.
OpHeHTHpOBO'lHO
HX
B03paCT
O~eHHBaeT
CR
B
30
'l'hIC.
JIeT_
TI03p;Hel.J.eTBepTH'lHaR
anoxa
,
HJIH
rOJIO-
~eH,-
aTO
BpeMR,
B
KOTOPOM
CYIlJ,eCTByeM
MhI.
HaQaJIo
rOJIO~eHa
CBR3hlBUIOT
C
orrycKaHHeM
rH-
3.7
.
rV1,[lPOMOPCDHblE
nOLfBbl
rrOTeTHl.J.eCIWR
CYUIH
B
ATJIaH'l'HKe,
OTKphIBIlleM
nyTh
rO.llhcpCTpHMY
Ha
ceBep
H
npeKpuTHBweMY
06pa30BuHI1e
JIe.n;HHKOB
B
CKaH,n;HHaBHH.
TIpo-
H30IllJIO
3TO
C06hITHe
OKOJIO
10
ThIC.
JIeT
.n;o
Ha-'
IlleR
aphI
_
COBpeMeHHuR
H
.n;peBHRR
l.J.UCTH .n;e.llb-
ThI
Ky6aHH
CCPOPMHPOBUJIHCh
B
3Ty
3noxy.
Y
CJIOBHO
MomHO
npHHRTh:
cOBpeMeHHaR
.n;e.llhTa
HMeeT
B03pacT
MeHee
2,5
-4
ThIC.
lreT,
.n;peBHRR
p;eJIhTa
COOTBeTCTBeHHO
6-10
ThIC.
_'leT_
CfJoPMHpoBuHHe
.n;eJIhTh
I
Ky6uHH
6hIJro
He-
pU3phIBHO
CBR3UHO
C
A30BCKHM
MopeM
,
KOJIe6a-
HI1RMH
ero
ypOBHR.
B
Tel.J.eHHe
l.J.eTBep'l'Hl.J.HOrO
rrepHo.n;a
Heo.n;ROKpaTHO
npOHCXO,n;HJIH
perpeCCHH
H
TpURcrpeCCHH
(orrycKaRHR
H
rro.n;HRTHR
ypOB-
HR)
A30BCKoro
MOpR_
BOJIhUIYIO
'lUC
Th
nepHO.n;u
Ha
l\IeCTe
HhlHewHeH
,lI,eJIhThI
Ky6aHH
6hIJI
Me.ll-
1-:0BO,ll,RhIH
3UJIHB
MOpR.
TIocJIe.n;ylOIlJ,ee
no.n;HRTHe
KaK
pe3YJIhTaT
CeRCMHl.J.eCKOH
,lI,eRTeJIbHOCTH
rrpHBeJIO
K
OT.llomeHHIO
Ha
06HaJKHBIlleHCR
cyIlle
nJIeRCTO~eHoBoro
JIeCca,
a
rrOCJIep;Ree
orr
YCKUHHe
rrpHBeJIO
K
norpe6eHHIO
ero
ro.llo~eHOBhIMH
MOp
-
CKHMH
H
UJIJIIOBHU.T[hHhIMH
OTJIOmeHHRMH.
HCTOPHR
CPOpMHpoBaHHR
.n;eJIhThI
Ky6aHH
T
eCHO
neperrJIeTUeTCR
C
aHTponoreHHoR
,lI,eRTe.Tlh-
HOCTblO
.
HUH60JIee
p;peBHHe
apxeO.T[OrH'leCKHe
nUlIlRTHHKH
B
;)TOM
perHOHe
OTHOCRTCR
K
III
TbI-
CRQeJIeTHIO
.n;o
H.3.
-
BpeMeHH
rr03,l1,Hero
rra.lleo-
JIHTa.
TIJIeMeHa
TaK
HU3hIBaeMOH
MUH.fWnCI-:OR
Ky_llbTyphI
3UHHMUJIHCh
B
3TOM
perHOHe
B
OCHOB-
HOM
CKOTOBO.n;CTDOM,
HO
B.lla.n;eJII1
HaBbIKUMH
rrpHMHTHBHoro
3eMJIe.n;eJIHR.
B
rrepBOH
rrOJIOBHHe
II
ThICR'leJIeTHR
.n;o
H.3.
Ha
CMeHY
YKa3aHHOH
KyJIhType
npHlllJIU
MeOTCKUR
Ky.llhTypa
(rrepHO.n;
pa3BHTOH
6pOH3hI).
MeoThI
C06HpUTeJIbRhIH
TepMHH
.n;JIR
MHOrO'lHCJIeHHhIX
rrJIeMeH,
)KI{BUIHX
Ha
BOCTOT.JHOM
6epery
MeoTH.D;hI
(A30BCKoro
I\WpR)
H B
.n;eJIhTe
Ky6aHH.
BeJIH
MeoThI
oce.n;JIhIH
06pa3
Jf-.:H3HH,
3UHHMaJIHCh
3eMJIe.n;eJIHeM
C
HCnOJIh30Ba-
HHeM
TRrJIOBOrO
CKOTa
H
pU3Be.n;eHHeM
MeJII-:OrO
porUTOro
CKOTa.
CBoero
nHKU
MeOTCKaR
KYJIhTYpa
.n;OCTHr.rru
B VIII- VII
BB
. .n;o
H.3.,
OCTaBHB
HaM
B
HaCJIe.n;CTBO
MHOrOT.JHCJIeHRhle
HaChlrrHhle
KyprnHhI.
B
aTOT
me
rrepHO.n;
Ha
TUMUHCKOM
rrOJIYOCT-
pOBe
H B
.n;eJIhTe
rHllUHHca
(Ky6aHH)
B03HHKJIH
p;peBHerpe'leCKHe
KOJIOHHH.
B V
B.
P;O
H.3
.
OHH
06'hep;HHHJIHCh
B
BocnopCKoe
rocy.n;upCTBO
co
CTOJIH~eH
B
TIaH'l'HKarree
(KepT.Jh)
_ B
aTOT
nepHO.n;
KepT.JeRCKHH
npo.llHB
6hUI
MeJIKHM,
ero
CB060,ll;H0
nepeCeKUJIH
Bca.n;HHI-:H
H
KpynHbIH
CKOT.
8TO
rocyp;apCTBO
pacrrpOCTpaHHJIO
CBoe
BJII1RRHe
rr
paKTH'leCKH
HU
BCIO
HHmHlO1O
l.J.aCTh
6ucceHHa
Ky6uHH.
TIo
p.
Ky6aHy.
6hIJIH
C03P;nHhI
MHOrOT.JHC-
JIeHHbIe
<paKTOPHH
Bocrropa.
Mx
MecTOnOJIOJKeRHe
COBnu.n;u.'lO
C
HhIHeUIHHM
CJIaBRHCKOM-Ha
-
Ky6nHH,
CTaHH~aMH
MapbJiHcKOH,
E.1JH3aBeTHHCKOH
H .n;p.
r
JIaBRhIMI1
npe,D;MeTaMH
TOprOBJIH
6hIJIH
XJIe6
H
OCeTpOBaR
phI6a.
TIo
CBH.n;eTeJIhCTBY
~eMoccpeHa,
H3
Bocrropa
B
MeTponOJIlJIO
(AcpHHbI)
emerop;Ro
BhIB03H.llOCh
OKOJIO
MHJI_llHOHa
rry.n;OB
XJIe6a
.
B
anoxy
Bocnopa
TIpHKy6nHCKHe
CTenH
H .n;eJIh-
Ta
Ky6aHH
MHOI'OKpaTHO
rro.n;nepraJIHCh
Hu6eraM
KO
'leBhIX
nJIeMeR.
B N
B.
H.3.
BocrropcKoe
rocyp;apcTBO
107
n
O
ljBEHHbl~
nOKPOB
6bI.110
pa3pyureHO
HaruecTBHeM
rYHHOB.
Ha
Q:>O
H e
TeKTOHHqeCKOrO
cnOKOHCTBHJI
B
6acceHHe
Ky6aHH
B
HallieH
ape
aHTponoreHHUJI
aKTHBHOCTh
6hl.11U
6YPHOH.
BC.11eA
3U
CHpaKaMH
(CUpMUTCKoe
n.11eMJI)
HU
Ky6uHb
npHXOAJIT
U.11U
-
HbI,
a
HX
CMeHJIIOT
rYHHbI.
OceA.11oe
3eM.11eAe.11b-
qeCKOe
HUCe.11eHHe
npUKTHqeCKH
HCqe3ueT.
IIoc.11e
rYHHOB
B
TeqeHHe
T
pex
BeKOB
no
Ky6aHH
KOqy
-
lOT
pa3.11Hq
H
ble
TIOPKOJI3blqHble
n.11eMeHa.
I1x
CMeHJIIOT
60.11rapbI,
3UTeM
Xa3UpbI.
B
KOHu;e
IX
B .
Ky6aHb
06.11I060Ba.11H
OPAbI
neqeHeI'OB,
U
qepe3
nO.11BeKU
JIB.11JIIOTCJI
KHnqUKH-nO.11OBU;bI.
IIO.11OBu;eB
B
1230-40
rI'o
BblTeCHH.11H
TaTUpo-
MOH
r O.11bI, H
TeppHTOpHJI
Ae.11bTbI
Ky6uHH
BOll.11U
B
COCTaB
OAHoro
H3
Y.11YCOB
30.110TOH
OPAbI
-
,lJ;myqH.
AAMHHHCTPUTHBHbIH
u;eHTp
y.11ycu
HU
-
XOAHJICJI
Ha
AHreJIHHCKOM
epHKe
B6JIH3H
HbI
-
HellHeH
CTaHHU;bI
I1BuHoBcKoH.
OTHOCHTeJIbHaJI
cTu6HJIH3aU;HJI
cHTyaU;HH,
rr
peKpaI..IJ;eHHe
rpa6e
-
meH
H
pa3rpOMOB
nOCeJIeHHH
cnoc06CTBOBUJIH
B03pomAeHHIO
3eMJIeAeJIHJI.
I1TuJIbJIHcKaJI
TOpro
-
BUJI
pecny6JIHKU
reHYJI
HU
MeCTe
HbIHellHeI'O
CJIUBJIHCKU-HU
-
Ky6uHH
OCHOBbIBueT
KOJIOHHIO
JIo-Kona
(KonapHo
) .
IIo
Ky6aHH
BbIB03HJIHCb
xJIe6,
pbI6a
H
pa6b
I
-HeBOJIbHHKH.
B3aMeH
BB03H-
.11HCb
CO.11b
H
rr
pJIHOC
T
H,
AOpOI'He
TKaHH
H
KOBPbI,
KJIHHKH
A.11JI
CU6eJIb
H
npeAMeTbI
POCKOlliH
.
B.11acTh
30JIOTOOPAbIHCKHX
xaHOB
HaqaJIa
oCJIu6e-
BaTh
B XV
B,
a B
XVI
B.
HaqHHUeTCJI
TYpe
U;
KaJI
3KCnaHCHJI
Ha
Ky6uHb.
B
YCThe
Ky6uHH
C03AUeT
-
C
JI
TYpeU;KaJI
KpenOCTb
TeMplOK
C
I'apHH30HOM
, a
B
YCThe
IIPOTOKH
-
KpenOCTh
AqyeB
.
BbIBllUJI
KOJIOHHJI
reHYH
Manu
CTaHOBHTCJI
TYpeU;KHM
Q:>OpTOM
AHunoH,
a
HU
MeCTe
JIo-Kona
B03BOAHT
-
CJI
Kpe
n
OCTh
KonJIY.
B
1783
r.
A.B.CYBOPOB
C
PYCCKHMH
BOH-
CKUMH
3aHJI.11
Ky6aHb,
H ·B
TOM
me
I'OAY
EKUTe-
pHHU
BTOpaJI
H3AUJIa
MUHHQ:>ecT,
B
KOTOPOM
MHP,
3aKJIIO
q
eHHb
IH
MemAY
POCCHHCKOH
H
OTTOMUH-
CKOH
HMnepHJIMH,
conpoBomAUeTCJI
YC.11OBHJIMH:
POCCHHCKOH
AepmuBe
OTXOAJIT
nO.11yocTpOB
KPbIM,
OCTpOB
TUMUH
b H
BCJI
Ky6uHCKaJI
CTOpO
-
Ha.
HaqaJIaCb
HOBaJI
cTpuHHu;a
B
HCTOPHH
Ky6aHH
.
B
1792
r.
Ha
TaMaHH
BbICUAHJIUCb
nepBUJI
nupTHJI
CTpoeBb
I X
KU3aKOB
-
nepeCeJIeHu;eB
l..J:ep-
HOMOPCKOI'O
BOHCKU,
U
HaqHHUJI
C
1794
r.
Ka3U
-
KaMH
C03AUIOTCJI
MHOI'OqHC.11eHHb
l e
KypeHHble
rrOCeJIeHHJI
HU
06llHPHbIX
npOCTpaHCTBaX
Ky6u
-
HH.
Ha3BaHbI
OHH
6bIJIH
TaK
me,
KaK
H
KypeHH,
cYI..IJ;eCTBOBUBllHe
B
3anopomcKoH
CeqH,
HO
Bno
-
CJIeACTBHH
HX
CTaTYC
ynpa3AHJIeTCJI
H
OHH
npe-
BpUI..IJ;aIOTCJI B
CTaHHU;bI.
B
nepHOA
1808-1849
I'I'_
npaBHTe.11bCTBO
HMnepHH
OPI'UHH30BaJIO
MaCCOBoe
rrepeCe.11eHHe
KpeCThJIH
C
YKpUHHbI
H B
Ka3aqbHX
CTaHHu;ax
nOJIBJIJIeTCJI
KUCTa
"HHOI'OPOAHHX".
IIOCJIeAHHe
He
HMelOT
OTHOlleHHJI
K
Ka3U
U;
KOH
BOHHCKOH
cJIym6e,
OAHaKO
H
3eMeJIbHbIH
HaAeJI
B
CTUHHu;ax
6bIJI
A.11JI
HHX
B
3-4
PU3U
MeHblle,
qeM
Y
KU3UKOB,
COCTaB.11JIBllHH
2,5
- 4
AeCJITHHbI.
06
-
I..IJ;HH
Ka3UqHH
HUAe.11 COCT aBJIJI.11
40
AeCJITHH
(43,7
ra).
Ha
XYTOPUX
6bI.11a
HHaJI
KUpTHHa
-
3AeCb
HUAeJI
HHoropoAHero
MOl'
6bITb
PUBHb
I M
KU3a'IbeMY·
II03TOMY
6bICTPO
paCTeT
qHC.11O
Me.11
-
KHX
XyTOpOB,"
pacnO.11OmeHHbIX
06blqHO
BAO
.
lIb
BOAHbIX
apTepHH
-
Ky6aHH,
IIpOTOKH
H
MHoro
-
qHC.11eHHbIX
epHKOB.
Pa3MeI..IJ;U.11HCb
XYTOPU,
KUK
npaBHJIO,
Ha
npHpYCJIOBbIX
I'pJIAaX,
He
nOABep-
raBllHXCJI
3UTOnJIeHHIO
BO
BpeMJI
nUBoAKOB.
OCHOBHbIM
3aHJITHeM
mHTeJIeH
6b
I JIO 3eM.11e-
AeJIHe,
a
BumHeHllHMH
Ky.11bTypaMH
6bIJIH
03H
-
MUJI
nlleHHu;a,
JIqMeHb
H
nOACOJIHeqHHK;
ypo
-
mUH
no
TeM
BpeMeHaM
6bI.11H
3HaqHTe.11bHbIMH
-
COOTBeTCTBeHHO
22
-
30
uJI'a,
30
u;/ra
H
60JIee,
12
-
16
u;/ra
.
BhlpaI..IJ;HBaJIH
TaKme
KYKYPY3Y,
pomb,
.11eH H
pa3Ho06pU3HYIO
oropOAHYIO
rrpo
-
AYKU;HIO.
IIPH
ycuAb6e
COAepmaJICJI
n.11OAOBbIH
caA.
B
nepBYIO
OqepeAb
nOA
nUillHIO
OCBaHB
a
JIHCb
I'PJIA006pa3Hble
nOBbIlleHHJI
C
.11eI'KHMH
"nOqBa-"
MH.
l..J:epe3
nOJIBeKa
HeOCBoeHHblX
rpJIA
nOqTH
He
OCTUJIOCb,
H
npHMepHO
C
1860
-x
rr.
HalJa.11OCb
OCBo
e
HHe
MemI'pJIAOBbIX
npOCTpaHCTB
C
TJIme
-
.11bIMH
nOqBUMH
.
BbIJIa
oTpa60TaHa
OpHI'HHa.lIb
-
HaJI
MeTOAHKa
OKYJIbTYpHBaHHJI
TOPQ:>JIHbIX
nO'IB
06llHPHbIX
n
OHHmeHHH,
Cn.11O
ll
b
nOKphITbIX
3a
-
POCJIJIMH
TPOCTHHKa
BbICOTOH
4 - 6
M.
II03AHeH
oceHhlO
TpOCTHHK
nOA:-KHra.11H,
npH
aTOM
Bhlro
-
paJIa
3HaqHTeJIbHaJI
TOJII..IJ;a
TOpQ:>a.
B
TeqeHHe
nOCJIeAYIOI..IJ;HX
8 -
10
JIeT
TUKHe
nJIOI..IJ;aAH
nocTO
-
JIHHO
HCn0.11b30BUJIH
nOA
naCT6HI..IJ;a
.
I1ccYlleHH
e
H
npHTanThIBaHHe
OCTaTKOB
TOpQ:>a
mHBOTHbIMH
cnoC06CTBOBa.11H
CMeHe
TPOCTHHKa
CHa'IaJIa
oco
-
KaMH,
a
3aTeM
.11YI'OBbIM
pa3HOTpaBbeM.
IIo
HC
-
TeqeHHH
8 -
10
.11e
T
nacT6HI..IJ;a
pacnaXHBa.11HCb
H
3UCeBaJIHCb
pomblO
HJIH
JIqMeHeM.
,lJ;0
06BaJIOBaHHJI
H
3apeI'Y
.
l1HpOBaHHJI
CTOKa
KyoaHH
H
IIpOTOKH
06llHpHbIe
nJIOI..IJ;UAH
COBpe
-
MeHHoH
H,
qaCTH'IHO,
ApeBHeH
Ae.11bThI
nOABep
-
I'aJIHCb
3aTOn.11eHHIO
B
naBoAKOBble
nepHO,ll;b
I.
IIJIOCKHe
npOCTpaHCTBa
BpeMeHHO,
a
JIHMaHbI
nOCTOJIHHO
B
BeCeHHe
-
.11eTHHH
nepHOA
OKa3bIBa
-
.11HCb
3aTOn.11eHHbIMH
rraBoAKOBbIMH
BOAaMH.
Ha
3UTanJIHBaeMblX
nJIoI..IJ;uAJIX
C03AUBUJICJI
eCTe
-
cTBeHHbIH
npoMbIBHOH
pemHM,
a
OT.11OmeHHe
Ha
nOBepXHOCTH
CBemeI'O
U.11.11IOBHJI
npHBOAHJIO
K
OMOJIOmeHHIO
nOBepXHOCTH
H
npepbIBHCTOCTH
npou;eccu
noqBo06pU30BUHHJI
nOI'pe6eHHeM
yme
CQ:>0pMHpoBaBllHXCJI
nOqB.
,lJ;JrJI
60Pb6bI
C
HUBO,ll;HeHHJIMH
B
60
-x
I'
I'.
npOUl.11OI'O
BeKa
HaqUJIO
npOBO,ll;HTbCJI
06B
a.110Ba-
HHe
pyceJI
Ky6aHH
H
IIpOTOKH.
Ho
npH
MOlIJ,HbIX
nUBOAKUX
,
npOXOAHBllHX
KumAbIe
5-7
.11eT, ,ll;UM-
6b
I
npOpbIBU.11HCb.
TaK,
I'paHAH03Hoe
HaBOAHe
-
HHe
1877
r.
npHBeJIO
K
3UTOn.11eHHIO
nOJIOBHHbI
cOBpeMeHHoH
AeJIbThI.
C
3TOI'O
BpeMeHH
PU60Tb
I
no
06BaJIOBaHHIO
pyceJI
CTaHOBJITCJI
peI'Y
JIJIPHbI
-
MH.
BblnO.11HJI.11HCb
OHH
CHJIUMH
H
HU
Cpe,ll;CTB
U
mHTeJIeH
CTaHHU;
H
XYTOPOB
6eCCHCTeMHO.
Kum
-.
AbIH
HaCe.11eHHbIH
nYHKT
3aI..IJ;HI..IJ;U.11
TOJIbKO
CBOH
3eM.11H,
HHOI'AU
B
ylIJ,ep6
CMemHbIM
3eM.11en0.11b30
-
BaTe
J
1JIM.
06BUJIOBUHHe
n03B0.11H.110
3HaqHTeJIbHO
paCUlHpHTb
nJIOI..IJ;aAH
nUllHH
3a
C'IeT
paHee
3a
-
TanJIHBaeMblX
MemI'pJIAOBbIX
AenpeccHH.
IIOMHMO
B03BeAeHHJI
OI'pa,ll;HTe.11bHbIX
BaJIOB
'
BAO.11b
pyce.11
peK
A.11JI
60Pb6bI
C
3UTOnJIeHHeM
108
3eMeJIb
MeCTHOe
HaCeJIeHIie
n
epeKpbIBaJIO
3eM-
JU
IH
blMIi
n
epeMb
l'
lKaMH
MHO
r Oq
IiCJIeHHb
I e
pYKa-
Ba
Ii
epIiKIi.
PaCCMaTpIiBaR
3TO
MepOnpIiRTIie
KaK
B
peMeH
H
oe
(3aXOTeJI
-
3aKpbIJI,
3aXOTeJI
-
OTK
P
bIJI),
XYTOpRHe
OlliIi6aJIIiCb
-
e,l\IiHOm,l\b
I
rrepeKpbl
TbI
H:
epIiK
nepeCTaBaJI
<PYHK~Ii
O
HHPO
BaTh
HaBcer,l\a
Ii3
-
3a
oc06eHHOCTeH:
OTJIOJKeHIiR
peKaMIi
HaHOCOB
. K
KOHU;Y
XIX
B.
Ha
HIiJKHeH:
Ky6aHIi
,l\eH:CT
BYIOr.u;HM
OC
TaJICR
TO
.TIbI
"O
O,l\Ii
H
)J;eMIiH
epIiK
,
OCTaJIbHb
l e
raCJIIi.
I-l3
IiCTOpIiIi
aHTPonoreHHoro
rrpe06pa30BaHH
R
r
Ii,l\POJIOrH<£eCKOH:
CIi
TY
a~IiIi
Ha
Ky6aHIi
CJIe,l\YeT
ynOI\Uf
H
YTh
n ep
eKpblTHe
TeMpIOKCKIiMIi
Ka3arwl\IH
B
1820
-x 1'
1'.
PYKaBa
lIepeBoJIoKH
,
Brra,l\aBllie
r o B
LJepHoe
Mope.
C
3TO
ro
BpeMeHIi
BO,l\bI
Ky6aHIi
CTa
-
JIIi
Brra,l\aTh
TOJIbKO
B
A30BCKoe
Mope.
Pa60
T
bI
no
0
6BaJIOBaHIiIO
pyceJI
6bIJIIi
rrpo
-
,l\OJImeHb
l
Ii
B
COBeTCKoe
BpeMR.
Ha
HOBbIH:,
HH
-
meHepHblH:
ypOBeHb,
3TH
pa60
TbI
Bb
Illi
JIIi
B
1939
1'
.,
Kor,l\a
6bIJIO
C03,l\aHO
YnpaBJIeHIie
rro
Mem
,
lOpaU;IiIi
lIpIia30BcKIix
Ii
lIpIiKy6aHcK
Ii
x
rrJIaBHeH:
"lIJIaBcTP0H:"
.
3norreR
06BaJIOBaHIiR
pyceJI
Ky6aHIi
Ii
lIpoTOKIi
3aBeplliHJIaCb
B
KOHu;e
1950
-x 1'1'
.,
a
nOJIHOe
3aperYJIIipOBaHIie
CTOKa
Ky6a
H
Ii
CBJI3aHO
C
3aBe
p
llie
H
IieM
CT
pOIiTeJIbCTBa
KpaCHO,l\apCKOro
BO,l\OXpaHIiJIIiru;a
B
1975
1' .
rpy60e
BTOpJKe
H
Iie
B
eCTeC
T
BeHHble
npou;ec
-
Cb
I
JKIi3HIi
,l\eJIbTb
l
Ky6aHIi
BCKope
06epHy
.rr
OCb
6e,l\0H:
,l\JIJI
3eM.TIe,l\eJIbu;eB
. B
80
-
90
1'1'.
npOlliJIOrO
BeKa
rr
OJIOmeHIie
Xy
T
OpOB
Ii
CTaHIiU;,
Y,l\aJIeHHbIX
OT
IiCTO
l.I
HIiKOB
rrpeCHOH:
BO,l\bI,
CT
aJIO
KaTaCT
p
o-
<pIiqeCKIiM.
B O
,l\a
B
KOJIO,l\u;ax
CTaHOBIiJIaCb
COJIC-
HOH:.
liIa-3a
rr
porpeccIipyIO
ru;
ero
aaCO.rreHIiR
nOl.IB
Ii
rpYHTOBbIX
BO,l\
CTaJIIi
rrpeJK,l\e
Bcero
rIi6HYTb
ca,l\bI.
lI
a
lliHR
B
rrOHIiJKeHIiRX
n
peBparu;aJIaCb
B
COJIOHqaKOBble
JIyra.
3eMJIe,l\eJIbU;bI
CTaJIIi
rr
OKH
-
,l\a
Tb
xyTo
p a ,
Ii
OT
MHo
r
IiX IiX
HIiX
OCTaJIIiCb
TOJIbKO
HaaBaHIiR
Ha
YC
T
apeB
lli
IiX
Kap
T
ax
.
lIo
3TOH:
me
rrpIiqHHe
B
KOHu;e
XIX
B .
KpynHaR
CTa
-
HIiu;a
LJep
H
oepKoBcKaR
06e3JIIO,l\eJIa
Ii
6bIJIa
rrpe
-
06pa30Ba
H a B p
bI6aU;KIiH:
nOCeJIOK,
KY,l\a
nH
T
be
-
ByIO
BO,l\y
rrpIiB03IiJIIi
3a
20
BepCT.
)J;eJIbThI
60JIblliHHCTBa
KpyrrHbIx
peK
MIipa
RBJIRIO
TCJI
aKKYMYJI
R
TOpaMIi
B0,l\HopaCTBopHMbIX
COJIeH:
co
CBoero
6aCCeH:Ha,
H
,l\eJIbTa
Ky6aHH
-
He
IiCKJIIOqeHIie.
Ha
60JIblliHX
nJIor.u;a,l\RX
Ii3
-
3a
OTCYTC
T
BIi.f.l
rraBO,l\KOBb
I X
BO
,l\
npeKpaTIiJIC.f.I
eCTe
-
C
TBeHHbrH:
rr
pOM
bI
BHOH:
pemIiM
rrOqB
Ii
r
pyH
To -
BblX
BO,l\.
B
nOqBaX
CTa.TI
rr
pe06.rra,l\aTb
BblnOTHOH:
peJKIiM
B
JIamHOCTIL
Ha
Iic
n
apeHIie
CTaJIIi
pacxo
-
,l\OBaTbC.f.I
He
npeCHble
BepXOBO,l\KH
,
C03,l\a
-
BaB
lli
IieC.f.I
rr
pIi
pa3JIIiBaX
peK
, a
c06CTBeHHO
rpYHTOBbIe
BO,l\b
I.
3TO
rrpIiBO,l\IiJIO
K
nOBbIllieHIiIO
IiX
MIiHepaJIIi3aU;IiIi
Ii,
KaK
CJIe,l\CTBIie,
K
3aCOJIe-
HIiIO
rrO'IB.
B o
nIi
CbIBaeMOM
perHOHe
np0.f.lBIiJICJI
KJIaCCH'IeCKIiH:
Ha60p
HeraTHBHbIX
nOCJIe,l\C
T
BIiH:
3aperY
JI
IipOBaHIi.f.l
C
TO
Ka
peK,
onIiCaHHbIH:
B.A.KoB,l\oH:
,l\JIR
OCBoeHHblX
,l\eJIbT
60JIblliIiHC
T
Ba
KpyrrHblx
peK
MHpa
YMepeHHoro
Ii
Te
rr
JIOrO
KJIIi
-
MaTa.
TaKoBa
cBoe06pa3HaR
rrJIaTa
3a
B03Mom
-
HOCTh
6eCnpe
rr
JITCTBeHHOrO
pa3BIiTHJI
CeJIhX03
n
po-
Ii3B0,l\CTBa
H
IiH<ppaCTPYKTYPbI
B
,l\eJIbTe
Ky6aHIi.
37
fVl,LlP
OM
OP<:PHb
IE nOYBbl
HeraTHBHble
rrOCJIe,l\CTBIiJI
3aperYJIIipOBaHIi.f.l
CTOKa
Ky6aHIi
He
OrpaHHqHBaJIHCb
3aCOJIeHIieM
nOqB
Ii
rpYHTOBbIX
B0,l\-
B
MHOrO
q
IiCJIeHHbIX
JIIi-
MaHax,
JIBJIJIBlliIiXCR
eCTeCTBeHHbIMIi
HepeCTIi
-
JIIiru;aMIi
~eHHbIX
nopo,l\
Pb
1
6,
CTaJIa
3Ha
q
IiTeJIb
-
HO
nOBbIlliaThC
.f.I
MHHepaJIIi3aU;IiR
BO,l\bI.
COOTBeT
-
CTBeHHO,
IiX
po.rrb
KaK
HepeCTIiJIIiru;
CTaJIa
yra-
ca
T
b,
a
pbI6HbIe
CTa,l\a
-
COKpar.u;aTbC.f.I.
C
KOH~a
1920
-x
1'1'.
B
HIi30BbRX
Ky6aHIi
HaqaJIIi
n
pe,l\npIiHIiMaTbC.f.I
,l\eH:CTBIi.f.l
,l\JIR
yJIyq
-
lli
eHIi.f.l
C.1IOmIiBllieHCR
CIiTYaU;IiIi
.
lIpOIi3BO,l\H
-
.rrHCb
paCqHC
T
Ka
pycel
r H
06BO,l\HeHHe
yracHy
B-
lli
IiX
ep
HKOB
Ii
pYKaBOB
.
,[(JIJI
06eCrreqeHHR
CTa -
6IiJIbHOH:
BO
,l\
On0,l\aqIi
Ha
HHX
CTPOIiJIHCb
I'Ii,l\PO
-
TeXHIiqeCKHe
coopymeHH.f.I.
B03BO,l\H.TIIiCb
KaHa
-
JIbI
,l\JIR
rr0,l\aqIi
Ky6aHCKOH:
BO,l\bI
B 3aCOJI.f.IIO-
ru;HeCR
JIHMaHbI
C
~
eJIbIO
HX
orrpeCHeHHR.
)J;JI.f.I
o
rr
peCHeHIi.f.l
06lliIiPHbIX
rrJIor.u;a,l\eH:
3aCOJIeHHbIX
rrOqB
6bIJIO
rr
pe,l\JIOmeHO
HCnOJIb30BaTh
rroceBbI
pHca
KaK
KYJIbTypbI
-
Me.rrHopaHTa.
B
1930
-x
1'1'
. B
,l\eJIbTe
Ky6aHH
6bIJIIi
rrpOBe,l\eHbI
nepBble
Macco
-
Bble
y,l\aqHbIe
rroceBbI
pIica.
OTKpbIB
U
JIaCb
HOBa.f.l
CTpaHHu;a
B
IiCTOpHIi
,l\eJIbTbI
Ky6aHIi.
K
KOHU;y
1980
-x
1'
1'.
T
peTh.f.l
qaCTb
nJIor.u;a,l\Ii
,l\peBHeH:
Ii
COBpeMeHHOH:
,l\e.TIbTbI
Ky6aHIi
6bIJIa
OCBoeHa
rro,l\
PIiCOBble
OPOCHTeJIbHbIe
CIiCTeMbI
(POC),
3aHIiMaIOr.u;Iie
OKOJIO
250
ThIC.
ra.
3KC
·
rr
JIyaTaU;HR
POC
Ha
CTO.TIb
60JIblliIiX
rrJIolIJ,a,l\.f.Ix
·
H31\JeHIi.rra
CJIOJKHBlliIiH:C.f.I
XapaKTep
,l\HHaMIiKIi
rpYHTOBbIX
BO,l\
Bce
r o
perIiOHa.
POC,
3aJIIiTh
I e B
Tel.leHIie
5
I\IeC.f.Iu;eB
Ha
60JIbllieH:
qaCTIi
HX
UJIO
-
r.u;a,l\Ii,
He
RBJIRIOTCR
aHaJIOrOM
eCTeCTBeHHOrO
3 -
TOn.TIeHIi.f.l
06lliIiPHbIX
rrpOCTPaHCTB,
npOIiCXo,l\.f.I
-
ru;ero
npIi
pa3JIIiBUX
peK.
<PaKTH'IeCKH,
poe B
Te-
qeHIie
BereTaIJ;HOHHoro
rrepIi0,l\a
,l\ep~TCR
B
rr
o,l\
-
rrepTOM
COCTO.f.IHIiH,
Ii
B
3TOT
nepHO,l\
emero,llHo
npOIiCXO,l\HT
nOBCeMeCTHOe
(B
rrpe,l\eJIax
,l\eJIbTh
I
Ky6aHIi)
perHOHaJIhHOe
rrO,llHRTHe
YPOBHR
rpYHTO
-
BbIX
BO,l\
(YrB)
.
Cyru;eCTBOBaBlliIiH:
p
aHee,
,l\0
CTPOIiTeJIbCTBa
H
3KCnJIyaTa
U;
IiIi
POC,
ecTeCTBeH
-
HbIH:
rIi,l\PopemIil\I
,l\eJIbThI
6blJI
3aMeHeH
Ha
pery-
JIMpyeMbIH:,
IiCKYCCTBeHHbIH:.
H31\1eHeHIie
BO,llHoro
pe)fOlMU
OKa3aJIO
3Hal.
l
IiTeJIbHOe
BJIIiRHMe
Ha
rH,l\
-
poreOJIOrH<£ecKIie
YCJIOBHJI
H
rrOqBeHHbIe
rrpou;eccbI.
)J;o
CTPOIiTeJIbC
T
Ba
PIiCOBblX
CIiCTeM
YfB
Ha
rrOBb
Illi
eHHblX
60rapHbIX
yqaCTKax
B
JIe
TH
e-
oceHHIiH
nepIio,l\
06bI'lHO
onYCKaJIC.f.I
HIime
2,5
M,
U
ceH:qac
B
TOT
JKe
rrepIio,l\
yrB
He
rr
p
e-
'
BbI
lli
aeT
1 ,
2-1
, 5
M.
MIillepaJIIi3aU;HR
rpYHTOBbIX
BO,l\
Ha
60rap
-
Hb
I X
rr
.l
IOru;a,l\RX
,l\e
JIbTbI
B
HaCTORrn;ee
BpeM.f.I
Ba
-
pbIipyeT
B
O'leHh
lliHPOKIiX
npe,l\eJIax
-
OT
0,5
,l\0
20
r
/.
rrIiTp;
B n e
peCbIxaIOr.u;HX
JIIil\laHaX
OHa
,l\O-
CTIiraeT
40
-
50
r /
JIIiTp
.
O,l\HaKO
B
cpe,l\HeM
rrpe
-
06.rra,l\uIOT
nJIOrn;U,l\Ii
C
I\JIiHepaJIIi3aU;IieH:
rpyHTo
-
BbIX
BO,l\
MeHbllie
3
1'
/
JIIiTP.
TIi
rr
l\lIiHepaJIH3aU;IiIi
06blt{HO
3aBIiCHT
OT
CTerreHIi
MIiHepaJIIi3a
U;
IiIi
rpYHTOBblX
B0,l\:
,l\0
1 r /
JIIiTp
npeo6JIU,l\aeT
rIi,l\
-
pOKap60HaTHbIH
TIin;
1 - 5 r /
JIHTP
-
rH,l\pOKUp6o-
HaTHo-cYJIb<pUTHbIH:;
5 -
15r/JIIiTp
-
XJIOpH,l\HO
·
CYJIb<pUT
H
bIH:
;
60JIee
15
r /
JIIiTp
-
CYJIb<pU
T
HO
-
XJIOPIi,l\HbIH:
H
XJIOPH,l\HbIH.
1
09