Вагин Г.Я., Петрицкий С.А. Энергоснабжение
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t"B(rp),
fllll(rp)
-
reMneparypa
rpYHTa
(HapYX(Horo
B03~yxa)
COOTBeTCTBeHHO
npH
KOHKpeTHblX YCJlOBHlIX H
npHHlITali
npH
paClIeTe
3Ha-
'IeHHlIq/.
HOpMaTHBHble
nOrepH
Tenna
C
yre'IKaMH
rennOHOCHTenli
H3
Tpy60npoBO~OB
BO~HbIX
rennOBblX
cere
if
onpe~enlilOT
no
cj>opMYne
Qy
=G
y
C.
(Ira
- Ix.), (5.11)
r~e
G
y
-
HopMaTHBHruI
BeJIHlIHHa
yre'IKH
rennOHOCHrenli
B
BO~HbIX
TennOBbIX
ce-
TRX, Krill; C. -
rennoeMKOCTb
BO~bI,
paBHruI
1
KKaniKr·oC;
tro
-
TeMneparypa
ropH'IeH
BO~bl,
no~aBaeMoH
B TemIOBYJO
cen"
DC;
t
x
• -
ycpe~HeHHaH
TeMneparypa
xonO~HOH
(BO~onpoBO~HOH)
BO~bI,
°C.
npH
OTCYTCTBHH cprucrH'IeCKHX
~aHHblX
npHHHMaeTCR
PaBHOH
+5°C
3HMOH, +
15°C
neTOM
H +
10°C
- B
cpe~HeM
3a
ro~.
HopMaTHBHbIe
yre'lKH
rennOHOCHTeJIH H3
remIOBoii
cern
onpe~enHIOTcR
no
BblpIDKeHHIO
G
=aVTCP.,
(5.12)
y
r~e
a -
y~enbHoe
HOpMaTHBHOe
3Ha'IeHHe
yre'lKH
H3
rennOBOH
ceTH
B
nepHo~
3KC-
nnyaTall,HH,
npHHHMaeMoe
paBHblM
0,0025
M
3
/'I'M
3
;
VTC
-
06'beM
rennoBoH
CeTH, M3;
p.
- nJIOTHOCTb
BO~bI,
Kr/~.
npH
OpHeHTHpoBO'lHbIX
pac'leT8X
npHHHMaeTCH
paBHoH
1000
Kr!Ml.
KOJIH'IeCTBa
TenJIa,
repReMoro
B
rennOBbIX
ceTSX
3a
paccMaTPHBaeMbIH
nepH-
o~
(OTOnHTenbHbIH
nepHO~,
ro~
H
T.n.)
onpe~eJIReTCR
no
BbIpIDKeHHIO
Qro
.•
=
Qro
24z
, (5.13)
r~e
Qm
-
Cpe~He'laCOBble
rennOBbIe
norepH
B
TennOBblX
ceTHX,
KKani'l;
Z
-'
npo~OJI
)J(JffeJIbHOCTb
pa60TbI
TenJIOBbIX
cereii
B
Te'leHHe
paccMaTPHBaeMoro
nepHo~a,
cYT.
5.3.
YKalaHHH
K KOIITpOJILHOii
patioTe
Nt
4
q)aKTH'IecKHe
norepH
Tenna
'1epe3 renJIOH30JIRll,HIO
yqacTKa
TPy60npoBo~a
MOlKHO
onpe~eJIHTb
no
BblpalKeHHIO
Q.
= GC.
P.
(/TI
-t
T2
),
(5.14)
3
r~e
G -
pacxo~
BO~bI
B
TPy6onpoBo~e,
M
!'1;
CD
- TenJIOeMKOCTb
BO~bI,
paBHruI
1
KKaniKr·oC;
p. - nnOTHOCTb
BO~bl,
paBHaH
1000
Kr!M3;
tTl
-
reMneparypa
TemIOHO-
CHreJIR B
Ha'laJIe
Y'laCTKa
TPy60npoBO~a,
DC;
tT2 -
reMneparypa
TellnOHOCHTeJIR B
KOHll,e
Y'IaCTKa
TPy60npOBO~a,
DC;
HOpMaTHBHbIe
norepH
renna
'Iepe3
rennOH30JIlIll,HIO
yqaCTKa
TPy6onpoBo~a
onpe~eJIHIOTCH
B COOTBeTCTBHH C
MeTO~H'IeCKHMH
YKalaHHRMH
K KOHTPOJIbHOH
pa-
60reN!!3.
74
f
~
I
'i-
t
;
5.4.
YKB3aHHJI
K
KOHTPOJIbHblM
pa60TaM
Nt
5.
6
Bbl60p
OCHOBHbIX HaCOCHblX
arperaTOB
oCYIIJ;eCTBJIlieTCli
Ha
OCHOBaHHH
TPe-
6yeMbIx
nO~a'lH
Q H
Hanopa
H, YCTaHaBJIHBaeMblx
rn~paBnH'IeCKHM
paC'IeTOM CHC-
TeMbI
lIepeKa'lKH
lKH~KOCTH.
Ha
OCHOBaHHH rpacj>HKa
BO~01l0TPe6neHHlI
YCTaHaBJIH-
BaeTCli
pelKHM
pa60TbI
H
no~a'Ia
HaCOCHoif CTaHll,HH.
HacocHali
CTaHll,HlI
~onlKHa
110-
~BaTb
3a
CyTKH
1I0JIHbJH
pac'IeTHblif"
CYTO'lHbIH
pacxo~
npH
o6eCne'leHHH
rpe6ye-
MOH BblCOTbI
nO~Ma
lK~KOCTH.
Pac'IeTHali
1I0~a'la
HacocHoH
CTaHll,HH
onpe~eJIR
eTCR
no
CYTKaM
MaKCHMaJIbHOro
Bo~onOTpe6JIeHHR
B
'lac
MaKCHMaJIbHOro
BO~ono
rpOOneHHlI.
06'beM
H
pelKHM
Bo~onoTPe6neHHH,
KaK npaBHJIO, MeHRIOTCR
HellpepblBHO
B
3aBHCHMOCTH OT
CJIY'IaifHblX
C06MTHH
H XapaKTepH3YIOTCR
3Ha'IHTenbHoif
HepaBHo-
MepHocTbIO.
npH
onpe~eneHHH
pelKHMa
pa60TM
HacocHoii
CTaHll.HH
Bb~eJIRlOT
CTaHll,HH,
pa60TalOlll,He
Ha
aKKYMYJIHPYJOI1l;YJO eMKOCTb
(HaKOnHTeJIbHbIii
pe3epByap,
Bo~oHanOpHaH
6awHH)
H CTaHll.HH,
pa60TaIOlll,He
6e3
aKKYMYJIHpYIOIIJ;eii eMKOCTH.
npH
pa60Te
CTaHll.HH
Ha
aKKYMYnHpyIOI1l;YJO eMKOCTb
pelKHM
ee
pa60TbI
MO-
lKeT
OTJIH'IaTbCH OT
pelKHMa
pa360pa
BO,lJ;M
H3
eMKOCTH.
KaK
npaBHJIO,
palnH'IaIOT
~Ba
pelKHMa
pa60Tbl
HaCOCHbIX
cTaHll.Rif
Ha
aKKyMYJIHpYJOI1l;YJO eMKOCTb:
paBHoMep-
HbIH
H
crylleH'laTblH.
npH
paBHoMepHoM
pelKHMe
pa60Tbl
HaCOCbI
pa60TaIOT
nOCTOHHHO B
Te'leHHe
CYTOK C HeH3MeHHOH
no~a'leii,
paBHoii
Cpe,lJ;HeCYTO'lHOMY
pacxo~y.
B
'Iacbl
MHHH-
MaJIbHOro
BO,lJ;onorpe6neHHR,
KOT,lJ;a
nO,lJ;a'la HaCOCOB
60JIbWe
pa360pa
BO,lJ;bI,
npoRC-
XO,lJ;HT
HaKOnJIeHRe
Janaca
BO,lJ;bI
B aKKyMYJIHPYJOID,eii eMKOCTR,
KOTOPbIii
paCXO~eT
CH B
'IacbI
MaKCHMaJIbHOro
Bo~onoTPe6JIeHHH
(PHC.
5.1).
Q,%
100
1
~
60F/////X,4
~
20~
l">6CI
~------~---------L
________
~
________
~
________
L-
______
~I
(,~
o
4
8
12
16
20
24
PHC.
5.1. COBlllemeHHLIA
rpa,HK
paoOThI HacocHoii
craHnHH
H
cn'H
UpH paoHolllepHoii H CTYUeH'IaTOii UOAa'le HacocHoii
craHnHH,
" paooTamIQeii Ha aKK)'lIIyJlHpymmym
eMKOCTL
75
qacoBaJI nO.lla'la
BO.lIbl
HaCOCHOH
CTaHUHeH B
3TOM
cnY'Iae
Onpe.lleJIlieTCli
Bbl-
3
pIDKeHHeM
(M
/q)
a
Qma.cyr
Q~
= T
(5.15)
r.lle
Qmax
cyr - MaKCHMaJIbHbIH CYTOqHbIH paCXO.ll,
M3;
a - K03q,q,HUHeHT
3anaca,
npH-
HHMaeMbIH paBHbIM
1,04-1,
I
npH
paGoTe
CTaHl.\HH
Ha O'lHCTHbIe
coopYlKeHHlI,
H
1,0
I-I
,02
npH
OTCYTCTBHH
O'lHCTHbIX coopYlKeHHH nepe.ll aKKYMYJIHpYfOmeii eMKO-
CTbfO;
T - npo.n:OJIlKHTenbHocTb
pa60TbI
HaCOCHoii
CTaHl.\HH
B TeqeHHH
CYTOK,
'I
(npH
paBHOMepHoM pe)f(}IMe
pa60ThI
T=24'1).
TpeGyeMbIii
Hanop
HacOCOB
(nonHaJI
BbICOTa
no.zn,eMa),
M,
onpe.llemteTcJI
no
q,opMYne
H=Hr+h+l,
(5.16)
r.lle
Hr
- reOMeTpH'IeCKaJI
BbICOTa
nO,ll'beMa
BO.n:bI,
M;
h - nOTepH
Hanopa
B CHCTeMe
nepel<aqKH
lKH,lIKOCTH
(OT Hacoca.n:o aKKYMynHpYlOmeii
eMKOCTH),
M. Onpe.llemleTcJI
no
xapaKTepHCml<e
Q-H
l'pyGonpOBO.lIa ,l\JUl
pacxo.lla
Q~;
1 -
3anac
Hanopa,
M.
Tpe6yeMhlii
oG1>eM
aKKYMynHpYlOmeii
eMKocm
onpe.n:eJIlleTCJI
HaHGonbllleH
H3
OT.n:eJIbHhlX
111I0ma.n:eH,
06palyeMbIX
nHHHeii
paGoTbI
HaCOCOB
H nHHHeH BO.llOno-
l'peGJIeHIDI.
llPH
paBHoMepHoM pelKHMe paGoTbI HacocOB
3TOT
oG1>eM
06bIqHO
co-
CTaBJIlIeT
5-15
% CYTOqHoro BO.llOnol'pe6neHIDI.
C
uenbfO
YMeHbllleHWI aI<JCYMYJIHpYlOmeii
eMKocm
npH
GOJIbWHX CYTOqHbIX
pacxo.llax
BO.I(I:d
npHMeIDIeTCJI CTYneH'laTbIii pelKHM paGOTbI. B .lIaHHOM cJIY'lae
Ha-
COCHaJI
CTaHl.\IDI YMeHbWaeT nO.llaqy B 'IaCbI MHHHMaJIbHOro BO.lIOnol'pe6neHluI, H
)'BeJIH,{HBaeT B qaCbI MaKCHMaJIbHOrO 3a CqeT H3MeHeHHlI qHCna o.I(HOBpeMeHHo
pa-
GOTaIOmHX
HaCOCOB
(pHC.
5.1).
113
pHC. 5.1
BH.I(HO,
'ITO B .lIaHHOM cJIY'lae
Y.lIaeTCJI
3Ha'IHTeJIbHO CHH3HTb
l'pe6yeMbIii
oG1>eM
aKJCYMYJIHpYlOmeii
eMI<OCTH.
Kal< npaBHJIO,
npH
cTYneHqaTOM pelKHMe
pa60TbI
HaCOCHOH
CTaHl.\HH
3TOT
06DeM
COCTaBJIJleT
2-6
%
CYTOt[Horo Bo.n:onol'pe6neHHlI.
llo.n:a'la BO.llbI HaCOCHoii CTaHl.\Heii B
'IacbI
MHHHMaJIbHOrO H MaKCHMaJIbHOrO
BO.llonO'l'peGneHHlI
npH
CTYneH'IaTOM pelKHMe paGoTbI onpe.lleJIJlfOTCJI
no
BbIpalKeHHJlM
Q.min
aQrnin
T
mi
•
Q~max
aQmax
Tmax
(5.17)
r.lle
Q.
mm,
Q.
max
-
qaCOBaJI
nO.lla'la
HaCOCHOH
CTaHl.\HH
COOTBeTCTBeHHO
B pelKHMe
3
MHHHMaJIbHOrO H MaKCHMaJIbHOro BO.llonOl'peGneHHlI, M
/'I;
a - 1<03q,q,Hl.\HeHT
3ana-
ca,
npHHHMaeMblH paBHbIM
1,04-1,1
npH
paGoTe
CTaHl.\HH
Ha O'lHCTHbIe
coopYlKeHWI,
H
1,01-1,02
npH
OTCYTCTBHH
O,{HCTHbIX COOpYlKeHHH nepe.ll al<KYMYJIHpYfOmeii
eM-
KOCTbfO;
T
min
, Tmax - npO.llOJIlKHTenbHOCTb paGoTbJ
HaCOCHOH
CTaHl.\HH
COOTBeTCTBeH-
HO
B pelKHMe MHHHMaJIbHOro H MaKCHMaJIbHOro BO.llonOl'peGJIeHHJI,
'I;
Qmim
Q_
-
06DeM BO.lIOnOl'peGneHHlI
COOTBeTCTBeHHO
3a BpeMli T
min
H T
max
,
M3.
76
,,!:
f
I'
,
~
Tpe6yeMbJH
Hanop
HaCOCOB
(nOJIHali
BbICOTa
nO.ll'beMa) B 'iaCbl MHHHMaJIbHOro
H MaKCHMaJIbHOro BO.llonoTpe6JIeHHlI
npH
cTYneH'iaTOM pelKHMe paGOTbl onpe.lleJIlI-
fOTCli
no
BbIpIDKeHHlIM
H
min
= Hr + h
min
+ I, H
max
Hr + h
max
+ 1,
(5.18)
r.lle H
min
•
Hmax
-l'pe6yeMbJH
Hanop
HaCOCOB
B 'iaCbI MHHHMaJIbHOrO H
MaKCHMaJIbHO-
ro
BO.llOnOl'peGneHHlI, M; h
min
, hmax - nOTepH
Hanopa
B
CHCTeMe
nepeKa,{I<H
lKH.lIKOCTH
COOTBeTCTBeHHO
npH
pacxo.lle
Qq
min
H
Qq
max,
M
(no
xapaKTepHCTHKe
Q-H
l'py6onpo-
BO.lla);
Hr
- reoMel'pHqeCKali
BbICOTa
nO.llDeMa
BO.I(bJ,
M;
1 -
3anac
Hanopa,
M;
llpH
paGoTe CTaHl.\HH
Ge3
aKKYMYJIHpYlOmeH
eMKocm
BO.lla nO.llaeTCli
Heno-
cpe.llcTBeHHo B cen., n03TOMY pelKHM
ee
paGoTbI
nOJIHOCTbfO
COOTBeTcTBYeT
pelKHMY
BO.llOnol'pe6neHHlI.
HacocbI
B .lIaHHOM
cnyqae
nO.llGHpafOTclI
H3
pac'leTa
Ha
'{ac
HaH-
Gonbwero
BO.lIOnOl'peGneHHlI B
CYTKH
MaKCHMaJIbHOro BO.lIOnOl'peGneHlIJl •
.l{ruI
3TOro
CTpOHTCli cOBMemeHHbJii
rpaq,HK
paGoTbI
HacocHoii
CTaHl.\HH H
cem
(pHC.
5.2)
H aHa-
nH3HpyeTCJI oGecne'{eHHocTb nO.lla'lH B
pmH'IHbIe
qaCbI
CYTOK.
HI
2~1------'
1
'-----.'---.
H....
8
m
..
Q
PHe.
S.2.
COBMeDleHHblA
rpatf!HK
paooTbi
HaCOCHoil CTaHD:HH H
teTH
npH
paOOTe CTaHu:HH
Oe'}
HKKyMyJlHpYIODleA eMKOCTH
KaK
npaBHJIO, B
CHCTeMe
Ge3
aKKYMynHpYfOmtlii
eMKOCTH
l'peGYeTClI
YCTaHOB-
Ka
GonbUlero
,{HCJIa
HaCOCOB,
OCHameHHbIX YCl'pOHCTBaMM perynHpOBaHHlI,
HO
orna-
.lIaeT
HeoGXO.llHMOCTb
B Cl'pOHTenbCTBe aKl<YMynHpYlOWeH
eMKOCTH
HJIM
BO.llOHanOp-
HOH
GaUlHH.
"
77
MaKCHMaJIbHlde
3HaqeHIHI
HanOpa
H no.n;atm
HaCOCHOM
CTaHIJ;HH
npH
pa60Te
6e3
aKKYMynHpYIOIIJ;eH eMKOCTH onpe.n;emIIOTCg
no
BldpalKeHHgM
Qqma.
=a
Qma.
,
Hmax
H,+hmax
+fiCB
(5.19)
r.n;e
Q.
rna
..
Hm
••
- COOTBeTCTBeHHO MaKCHMaJlbHag qaCOBaJI no.n;a'ia
(M
3
/q)
H
Hanop
(M)
HaCOCHOM
CTaHIJ;HH; a - Koo$qmIJ;HeHT
3anaca,
npHHHMaeMIdM
paBHblM
1,01-1,02;
Qrnax
- MaKCHMaJIbHOe Bo.n;onOTpe6neHfle
3a
CyrKH,
M
3
/q;
h
max
-
norepH
Hanopa
B CHC-
TeMe
nepeKaqKH
IKH)l.KOCTH
npH
pacxo.n;e
Qq,nla"
M
(no
xapaKrepHcTHKe
Q-H
TPy60-
npoBo.n;a);
Hr
-
reOM~HqecKM
BbICOTa no.n;'beMa
BO.n;bI,
M;
HeB
-
TPe6yeMblH
CBO-
60.n;HbIH
Hanop
B Bo.n;onpoBO.D;HOM ceTH B
TO'lKe,
npHHnoH
3a
paC'IeTHYIO
(T.e
•
.D;JI.lI
KOTOPOM
onpe.n;eneH H
r
),
M.
B6I6op
muna
u
IIUCJla
ycmuuU6JlU6Ue.M6IX
HaCOC06
IlPH
BbI60pe
THna
HaCOCOB
H onpe.n;eneHHH qHCJIa
pa60qHX
arperaTOB
He06xo-
.D;HMO
ytIHTbIBaTb
COBMeCTHyiO
pa60TY
HaCOCOB,
BO.n;OBO.n;OB
H
ceTH
H PYKOBO.n;CTBO-
BaTbC.lI cne.D;ylO[IJ;HMH nOJIOIKeHH.lIMH:
1.
Ilo.n;a'la
pa60'lHX
HaCOCOB
.n;OJl)KHa
6biTb
.n;ocTaTOqHOH
.n;n.ll
o6eCne'leHH.lI
TPOOyeMoro
pacxo.n;a
npH
He06xo.n;HMOM
Hanope.
2.
He06xo.n;HMo
YCTaHaBJIHBaTh KaK MOIKHO
MeHbwe
pa6oqux.
HaCOCOB,
TalC
KaK
O.n;HH
KpynHblH
HacOC HMeeT
60Jlee
BbiCOKHH
KfI,l(,
'IeM
HeCKOJIbKO
MeHee
MOIIJ;HbIX
HaCOCOB,
pa60TaIOIIJ;HX napaJIJIeJlLHo.
3.
Hacocbl
.n;OJI:lKHbl
pa60TaTL
B
06nacTH
HaHB&ICWUX I<II.l{
npH
.D;JIHTem.HoH
no.n;aqe.
KpaTKoBpeMeHHbIe
pacxo.n;bI
MOryr
no.n;asaTbC.lI C
60nee
HH3KHM
KIl,ll.
4.
QeJleco06palHo
Ha
HacoCHbIX
CTaHIJ;H.lIX
YCTaHaBJIHBaTb HaCOCLI O.n;HOro
TH-
nOPalMep~
'ITO
06ecne'lHBaeT
B3aHM03aMeH.lleMOCTL HaCOCOB, 3HaqHTeJlbHO
ynpo-
IIJ;aeT 3KcnnyaTaIJ;HIO H C03.n;aeT y.n;06cTBa
.D;JIg
06cJIY:lKHBaHH.lI. O.n;HaKO
UpH
3TOM
CJIe.n;yeT
y.n;en.llTb BHHMaHHe Tpe60BaHH.lIM 3KOHOMHlJHOCTH,
KOTopbIe
B
HeKOTopblX
CJIyqMX 3aCTaBJI.lIIOT OTKalaTLCg
OT
npHMeHeHH.lI o.n;HOTHnHblX HaCOCOB.
Hu3KHe
KIT,ll;
HaCOCOB
06YCJlOBJIHBalOTC.lI
HX
pa60TOH
BHe
30HLI
peKOMeu.n;yeMblX no.n;a'l, a
TaKlKe HeCOOTBeTCTBHeM
palBHBaeMblX
HanopOB
TPOOyeMbiM
ycnoBfUIM.
He06xo.n;H-
MOCT!>
BbI60pa
HaCOCOB
Ha
palHLIe
paCXO.D;b1
C
yqeToM
TPe6yeMbIx
HanopOB
qaCTO
npHBO.n;HT K Heo6xo.n;HMOCTH YCTaHOBKH
palHOTHnHbIX
HaCOCOB
(pHC.
5.2).
5.
He06xo.n;HMo
npe.n;ycMaTPHBaTL
pe3epBHbIe
HaCOCbI. qHCJlO
pe3epBHblx
Ha-
COCOB
npHHHMaeTCJI B COOTBeTCTBHH C
KaTeropHeH
ua.n;eIKHOCTH HaCOCHOH CTaHIJ;HH.
Tpe60BaHH.lI
K
Ha.n;eIKHOCTH
pa60TbI
HaCOCHOM
CTaHIJ;HH YCTaHaBJIHBalOTCg B
3aBHCHMOCTH
OT
Ha:maqeHHg
Bo.n;onpoBO.n;a. B COOTBeTCTBHH C
TPe60BaHHJlMH
Ha-
.n;eIKHOCTH
6ecnepe6oHHoro
Bo.n;ocHa6IKeHHg, HaCOCHLle
CTaHIJ;HH
no.n;pal.n;enJiIOT
Ha
TpH
KareropHH,
.D;JIg
KOropbIX
YCTaHaBJIHBaIOTCg .n;onYCTHMag .D;JIHTenbHOCTb CHHIKe-
HH.lI
no.n;aqH
BO.n;bI
B
palMepe
He
60nee
30%
paCqeTHoro
pacxo.n;a H .n;onYCTHMM .n;JlH-
reJlbHOCTL
nepepblBa
B
pa60re
Ha
BpeMli
BKJllOqeHH.lI
pe3epBHLlX
arperaTOB
H
npoBe-
.n;eHH.lI
peMoHTHIdX
pa60T.
IlepBM
KaTeropH.lI .n;onycKaeT CHHIKeHHe no.n;a"lH
BO.n;bI
He
60Jlee
Tpex
CyroK
H
nepepLIB
B no.n;a"le
BO.n;bl
He
60nee
.n;eCflH
MHH.
BTOPM
KaTero-
78
,
',"I
pHli
.n;onycKaeT CHHIKeHHe no.n;a'lH
BO.n;1d
He
60Jlee
15-TH
CyrOK
H
nepepbIB
B no.n;a'le
BO,lI;bI
He
60nee
weCTH qaCOB.
TpeTbli
KareropHli
.n;onYCKaeT CHHIKeHHe no.n;aqH
BO.n;bI
He
60Jlee
I5-TH
cyroK
H
nepepbIB
B no.n;aqe
BO.n;bI
He
60Jlee
24-x
'1aCOB.
qHcno
pe3epBHbiX
arperaTOB
npHHHMaeTCg B 3aBHCHMOCTH
OT
KareropHH
Ha-
.n;eIKHOCTH
CTaHIJ;HH
H '1HCna
pa60qHX
arperaTOB
(Ta6n.
5.1).
Ta6J1u'1a
5,
/, lfHcno pe:JepBHMx
arpersToB
~"
qHcno
PaOO'UlX
qHcno
pe3epBHhlX arperaTOB Ha CTaHl\HIIX KaTeropHH
arperaToB
I
II
III
.1\06
2
I
I
7-9
2
I
-
IO
H60nee
2
2
-
Pe3epBHble
HaCOCb! npHHHMalOTCg C XapaKTepHCTHKOH, COOTBeTCTBYIOIIJ;eii
HaH60nee
KpynHoMY
Hacocy,
YCTaHoBJIeHHoMY
Ha
HacocHoH
CTaHIJ;HH.
OnpeOe.rteHue
::meKmponompe6JleUUR
uaCOCHblX
uzpezamo6
MOIIJ;HOCTb,
nOTpe6AAeMM
HacocoM,
onpe.n;emleTCli
no
<PoPMYne
N
=.
pgQH
(BT)
(5.20)
3600
'lH
'lAB
'
r.n;e
p - nnOTHOCTb
nepeKa'lHBaeMOH
JKH)l.KOCTH,
Kr/~
(mIOTHOCTb
BO,lI;1d
P. =
1000
3
Kr/M
);
g - YCKopeHHe cB060,lI;HOrO na.n;eHH.lI, g =
9,81
Mlc
2
;
Q- nO,lI;a'la
Hacoca.
Ml/'I;
H -
Hanop
Hacoca,
M;
T)"
-
KIT,ll;
Hacoca,
o.e.;
T)./UI
- I<II.l{ npHBo.n;HOro 3neKTPQ.n;BHra-
TeAA,O.e.
5.5.
YKll38HHSI
K
KOHTPOJlbHOii
pa60Te
N!!
7
MOIIJ;HoCTL,
nOTpe6nlleMM
HaCOCOM, onpe.n;emreTCli
no
$opMyne
(5.20).
PeryJlHpoBaHHeM
Hacoca
HaJblBaIOT npe,lI;HaMepeHHoe H3MeHeHHe no.n;aqH H
Hanopa
B COOTBeTCTBHH C HOBblM
peIKHMoM
pa60TLI
CHCTeMbl.
,llAA
perymlpOBaHH.lI
IJ;eHTpo6e)KHblX
HaCOCOB
HaH60nee
lUHpoKoe
pacnpo-
cTpaHefIHe
nony"lHJlH
.n;Ba
cnoc06a:
.n;pocCeJlHpOBaHHe H H3MeHeHHe qaCTOTbl
Bpa-
IIJ;eHIDI.
pa60"lero
KOJleCa
Hacoca.
JlpocCeJlbHOe
peryJlHpOBaHHe
oCYIIJ;eCTBJllIeTCg BBe.n;eHHeM
,lI;ononHHTeJlbHoro
nepeMeHHoro
rH,Il.paBJIHqecKoro COnpolrHBJleHHR B
HanopHYIO
nHHHIO
Tpy60npoBO.n;a.
C 3TOH IJ;eJIblO
06wIH0
B Henocpe.n;cTBeHHoH 6nH30CTH
OT
Hacoca
YCTaHaBJIHBaIOT
.n;pOCceJIb (3a.D;BHIKKY). Tor.n;a BbIpaIKeHHe
.n;AA
xapaKrepHCTHKH
CeTn 6y.n;eT HMeTb
cne.n;YIOIIJ;HH BH)l.:
He
=
Hr
+S
Q;
+
Sil
Q;
,
(5.21
)
r.n;e
Sil
- rn.n:paBJIH'IeCKOe
conpoTHBneHHe
.n;poccenll.
79