Вагин Г.Я., Петрицкий С.А. Энергоснабжение
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
BO,llbl
06eCneqHBaeTC.!I
peryJl.!lTOpOM
TeMnepaTYpbl
9, KOTOPblH H3MeH.!IeT
pacxo.
ceTeBOH
BO,llbI
qepe3
TenJl006MeHHHK,
KOHTpOJlHPY.!I
TeMnepaTYPY
rOplIqeH
BO,ll
CHCTeMbI
rBe
Ha
BbIXO,lle H3
TenJloo6MeHHHKa.
,[(JIll C03,llaHH.!I
3anaca
rop.!lqej,j
BO,ll
Ha
cJlyqaH
BHe3anHOrO
nepepbIBa
B
pa60Te
BO,llOnpoBO,llHOH
ceTH
npe.nycMaTpHB
IOTClI
6aK-aKKYMYJllITOP
7.
B
nepHO,llbI
MHHHMaJlbHOro
HJlH HY
JleBoro
BO,ll0pal60p
npoHcxO,llHT"
3anOJlHeHHe
6aKa-aKKYMYJllITOpa
no,ll
HanopoM
BO,llbl B
ceTH
me,
palpjIJ(Ka
-
no,ll
CTaTHlIeCKHM
HanOJ>OM
6aKa-aKKYMYJllITopa.
Hacoc
npe.nyCMO-rpe
,llJlJl
06eCneqeHHlI
nOCTOJlHHOH U:HpKYnllU:HH BO,llbl
no
KOHTYPY
ropllllero
BO,llOCHa'
..
iKeHHJI C u:eJlbIO npe,llOTBpaIn:eHH.!I OCTbIBaHHlI BO,llbl B
Tpy6ax
B
lIaCbI
MHHHManbHO
.
BO,llopal60pa.
B COBpeMeHHbIX
CHCTeMax
TenJlOCHa6iKeHHJI
qaCTO
TenJlOBall
HarpY3K
pa3HOp0,llHaJl,
T.
e.
K O,llHHM H
TeM
iKe
TenJlOBbIM
CeTJlM npHCOe}l;HHJlIOTClI O}l;HO
BpeMeHHO
CHCTeMbI
OTOnJleHHJI
H
ropllllero
BO}l;OCHa6iKeHHJI.
BapHaHTbI
cxeM
COBMeCTHoro
npHCOe}l;HHeHHlI
Ha
O,llHOM
a60HeHTCKOM
BBO,lle
CHCTeM
OTonn
HHJI H
ropJlllero
BO}l;OCHa6iKeHHJI
npHBe}l;eHhI
Ha
pHC.
3.5,
e,:JIC.
Ha
pHC.
3.5, e
nOKalaHa
napaJlJU!JlbHaJI
cxeMa
npHCOe,llHHeHHJI
CHCTeM
OT,
nJleHHJI
H
me.
I1PH
TaKOH
cxeMe
pacxo,ll
ceTeBOH
BO}l;b1
Ha
a60HeHTCKOM
BBO}l;'
paseH
CYMMe
paCXO,llOB BO,llbl
Ha
OTOnneHHe
H
ropJlllee
BO}l;OCHa6iKeHHe.
PeryJlllTO
TeMnepaTypbl
9
H3MeIDIeT
pacxo}l;
CeTeBOH BO}l;bI
Ha
TeMllJI006MeHHHK
5 B COOTBeTJ
CTBHH
C
HarpY3KoH
ropllllero
BO}l;OCHa6iKeHHJI.
TaKHe
cxeMhI
npHMeIDIIOTclI
}l;JI
npHCOe,llHHeHHlI
a6oHeHToB
C
Harp}'3KOH
ropJlllero
BO}l;OCHa6iKeHHJI,
npeBblmalO
In:eH
HarpY3KY
OTOnJleHHJI
60nee
qeM
Ha
20%.
He}l;OCTaTKoM
,llaHHOH
cxeMbI
JIB
JlJleTCJI H3MeHJlIOIn:HHCJI
paCXO,ll
BO,llbI
Ha
a60HeHTCKOM
BO,lle
B
3aBHCHMOCTH
0
HarpY3KH
rBe,
liTO
"PHBO}l;HT
K
HapymeHHJlM
rH}l;paBJlHt{eCKoro
peiKHMa
B
ceT
OTOnJleHHJI,
BCne,llCTBHe
'1ero
I10JlBJlJleTCJI
He06xo,llHMOCTb
npHMeHeHHJI
,llonOJl
HHTeJlbHblX
YCTPoikTB
}l;JIJI
cTa6HJlH3aU:HH
rH,llpaBJIH'IeCKOrO
peiKHMa.
Hau60nee
pacnpoC1'paHeHa
B
3aKpbITbIX
TellJlOBbIX
cenlX
OeyxcmyneH'Iam
nOCJleOOeameJlbHaJI
cxeMa
npHCOe,llHHeHHlI CHCTeMbI
OTOllJIeHHlI
H
rBe
(PHC.
3.5,
:JIC).
B 3TOB.
cxeMe
HMeIO-rCJI ,llBe
cTYneHH
nO,llorpeBa
BO}l;bI }l;JIJI
CHcreM
me:
HHiKHJllI -
nO,llorpeBaTeJIeM
DH, H BePXHJIJI -
nO}l;orpeBaTeJleM
DB.
06e
cTYne
HH
nO,llorpeBa
BO,llOnpOBO,llHOH
BO}l;b1
BKJllOqeHbI I10CJIe}l;OBaTeJlbHO
no
OTHoweHHIO
CHCTeMe OTOnneHHJI. B
I10,llorpeBaTeJle
HHiKHeH
CTYneHH,
BKJllOlIeHHOM
nOCJle}l;OBa·
TeJlbHO
nocJle
OTOnHTeJIbHOH CHCTeMbI, "POHCXO,llHT
npe,llBapHTenbHblH
I10,llOrpe
BO,llOnpOBO,llHOH BO,llbl.
OKOHqaTenLHblH
nO,llorpeB
BO}l;b1
}l;JIlI CHCTeMLI
me
oCYIn:e
CTBJlJleTCJI B
nO,llorpeBaTeJle
BepxHeit
CTYneHH
3a
ClIeT
TenJla
ceTeBOH
BO}l;bl I10,llalO
mero
Tpy60I1poBO,lla.
B ,llaHHOM
cnyqae
nOTOK CeTeBOH BO,llbl
H3
nO,llaIOIn:eH
nHHH
TennOCeTH
palBeTBJlJleTClI
Ha
,llBe qaCTH.
O.nua
npoXO,llHT
'1epel
I10}l;orpeBaTeJlbl
BepXHeH
CTY"eHH
DB, a
APYra.!l
-
Henocpe,llCTBeHHO
B
3neBaTOp
OTOnHTeJlbHOH YCT'a-
HOBKH, MHHYJI
TenJloo6MeHHHK.
B 3J1eBaTOpe
06a
I10TOKa
CMeWHBalOTClI
H
HanpaB-
JlJlIOTClI B
OTonHTenbHble
I1pH60pbI.
B
qacbl
MaKCHMaJlLHOH
Harp}'3KH
ropJlqero
B'
,llocHa6iKeHHlI
BClI HJlH
3HaqHTenbHa.!I
'1aCTb CeTeBOH BO}l;bI
npoxoART
lIepel
no,llorpe-
BaTeJlb
BepXHeH
cryneHH.
I1PH
3TOM
TeMI1epaTYpa
CeTeBOH BO}l;bI,
nocTYI1alOIn:eH
Ha
3neBaTop,
CHHiKaeTCJI,
'ITO
npHBO,llHT
K
YMeHbweHHIO
OT,lla'lH
TeI1J10TbI
Ha
OTOllJleHHe
20
....
MHA.
nnCpHO,llbI MaJlOH
HarpYlKH
ropJlqero
BOAocHa6iKeHHlI
TeMnepaTYpa
BOAbI,
IIOOT)'nluow,eA
B
cHcTeMY
OTOnJleHHlI,
pacTeT
H
KOMneHcHpyeT
CHHiKeHHe
TennOTbl
I.
C!OJlblllHX
HarpY3Kax
ropllqero
BO,llOcHa6)1{eHHJI.
06In:HH
pacxo,ll
ceTeBoH
BO,llbI
.1
.CSOHClI'rCKOM BBO}l;e
paBeH
pacxo,llY
Ha
OTOI1J1eHHe.
TeMI1epaTypa
06paTHOH
·,.,..IOR BO).,bI
HMeeT
MeHbwee
3HaqeHHe,
qeM
I1pH
I1apanneJlbHOH
cxeMe.
Ilocne,nOBaTenbHall
cxeMa
"pHMeHlIeTClI
}l;JIJI
"pHCOe,llHHeHHlI
a60HeHTOB
C
'IIIl'PY3J(oA
ropllqero
BO,llOCHa6)1{eHHlI;
He
I1peBbIWalOIn:eH
HarpY3KY
OTOI1neHHlI
60-
..
"11M
HII
60%,
TaK
KaK
B
cJlyqae
60JlbmeH
OTHOCHTenbHOH
HarpY3KH
ropllqero
i_OQHI6)1{eHHlI
HapymeHHe
TeMnepaTYPHOro
peiKHMa
OTaI1J1HBaeMbIX
I10MeIn:e-
II
H:I·n
He6anaHca
OTOI1HTenbHOH
HarpY3KH
KOMI1eHcHpyeTcJI
3Ha'lHTeJlbHO
'
....
1
•.
Ocl106Hble (}ocmouncm6a
:JaKpblmblX
600JlHblX
cucmeM menrtocHa6:JICenuJl:
tTi6MJlbHOe
KaqeCTBO nOCTYnaIOIn:eH B
a60HeHTcKHe
YCTaHOBKH
rOpJl'leH
BO,llbl;
)'rTpOU\eHHe
060PY}l;OBaHHlI
KOTeJlbHblX. H
YMeHbweHHe
3KCI1nyaTaU:HOHHbIX
3a-
",.'1'
110.
"POH3BO,nCTBO TellJlOBOH
3HeprnH
3a
C'IeT
HeBblCOKOH
BeJlH'IHHbI
nOAnHT-
ICM
TCnJlOBOH
ceTH.
OCHo6Hbie
He(}ocmamKU
3aKpblmbIX cucmeM
menrtOcHa6:HcemJR:
..
o.nO)J(1I0CTb 060PY.D.OBaHHlI H
3KcnnyaTaIJ;HH
a60HeHTcKHX
BBO,llOB
ropJI'Iero
BO,llO-
OHa6)J(eHHlI;
• ICOPP03ID1
MeCTHblX
YCTaHOBOK
ropll'lero
Bo,nocHa6iKeHHlI
H BblI1!1.}l;eHHe HaKHI1H B
IO,no-BO}l;lIHblX
no,norpeBaTeJIlIX
H
Tpy60npoBO,llax
MecTHbIX
YCTaHOBOK
ropJl'lero
lot\ocHa6iKeHHlI
H3-3a
nOCTYnneHHlI
B
HHX
HenO,llrOTOBJleHHOH BO,llOnpOBo,llHOH
IO,llM.
Om1<pblmble
tlOORHble
cucmeMbi
mellJlocHa6:HCeHUR
npHMepbl
noc1'pOeHHlI
OTKpbITbIX
BO}l;lIHbIX CHCTeM
TellJlocHa6iKeHIDI
I10Kala-
JlW
1111
pHC. 3.7.
a)
e)
~----1
II~
II
PHe.
3.7.
npHllfepW
nocrpoeHHII
OTlCpblTldl:
BO,llJlHLlX
cHcrellf
TeDJIOCHa6l1CeHHII:
II
• ya6UCUMaR
omonumem"HOU
ycmaH06!..·U
6e3
CMeUU:lHUJI;
6 - 3a6UCUMaR
ycmaH08KU
eopJl'leco
60-
r)oclla6:JICeHUJI C 6epXHUM a"I.Y-'UYJlJlmOpo.\t; 6 -
HeC6Jl3aHHQJ/.
ycmaH06KU
ZopJl'leZO 6000CHa6:JICeHUJI
U omOnUmeJlbHOU
ycman06KU
no
308UCU.llfOU
CXeMe
co
cmpyUHblM
CMeraeHueM
10
-CMeCumeJlb; IJ -
06pamHblu
1i:JIanaH
21
CxeMbl
nO,lurnlOqeHHR
CHCreM
OTOnJIeHHR K OTKpblThIM CHCTeMaM
rennOCHa'
JKeHHlI
He
OTnH'JaIOTClI OT
cxeM,
npHMeHReMblX
B
3aKpblTblX
CHCTeMax
(puc.
3.7, a).
YCTaHOBKH
ropR'Jero
BO)lOCHa6JKeHHR K OTKPblTOH TennOBOH
ceTH
npMcoeA
HRIOTClI
no
3aBHCHMOH
cxeMe
(pHC.
3.7,6).
He06xoAHMaJI
TeMneparypa
rOpllqeH
B
,lIbi
nOJIyqaeTClI
B CMeCHTeJIe
JO,
Ky)la
qepel
peryJIlITOP
TeMneparypbl
9
nocryna,
BO)la H3 nOAaJOIIleH
nHHHH
renJIOCeTH
U
'Jepe3
06paTHblH
KJIanaH
11
- BO)la H3
paTHOH JIHHHH
ceTH.
06paTHblH
KJIaIiaH
npemrrcTByeT
nepeTeKaHHIO
BO)lbl H3 n
)lalOIIleH
JIHHUH B
o6paTHYIO.
Perymrrop
TeMneparypbl
9 H3MeHReT paCXO)l
ceTeB(
BO)lbl H3
nO)lalOIIleH
JIHHHH B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT
TeMneparypbI
CMeCH
3a
cMecHTeJIe
nOMepJKHBaJI
ee
nocToSIHHOH
npH
JII06bIX
U3MeHeHHRX
pacxo,ll;a.
,ll,ml
C03)laHHR 3
naca
rop.!lqeH
BO,ll;bI
Ha
CJIyqan
BHe3anHoro
nepepbIBa
B
pa60Te
TenJIOBOH
ceTH
n
,ll;ycMaTPHBaIOTcR
6aKH-aKKYMYJIUOPbl
7.
npHMep
COBMeCTHoro
npHCOe)lHHeHH.!l
YCTaHoBOK
rop.!lqero
BO)lOCHa6JKeH
H OTOnJIeHHR K
OTKpblTbiM
CHCTeMaM
TeQJIOCHa6JKeHH.!l
nOKa3aH
Ha
pHC.
3.7,
PeryJIRTOp
TeMneparypbI
9 YCTaHaBJlHBaeT COOTHOmeHHe
pacxOAOB
CeTeBOH BO,llbI
ropllqee
Bo,nocHa6JKeHHe
H3
nO)lalOIl{eH
H
06paTHOH
JIUHHH B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT Te
nepa'l)'pbI
BO)lbl
Ha
a60HeHTCKoM
BBO)le
3a
CMeCHTeJIeM
10.
OCHo6Hble
iJocmOU/'lCm6a
omKpblmblX
600JlHblX
cucmeM
menJlOcHa6:JICeHWI.:
-
ynpoIlleHHe
H Y,ll;emeBJIeHHe
a60HeHTCKHx
BBO,ll;OB
H
nOBblmeHHe
)lOJIroBe'IHOC
MecTHbiX
YCTaHOBOK
ropgqero
BO)lOCHa6JKeHHR;
- B03MOJKHOCTb HCnOJlb30BaHHR
)lJllI
TPaHcnopTa
TennOTbl
O)lHQTPY6HblX
JIHHHH.
OcH06Hble
HeiJocmamKu omKpblmblX cucmeM
menllocHa6:JICeHWI.:
YCJIOJKHeHHe H
Y)lopoJKaHMe
060pY)lOBaHHR
KOTenbHbIX
H
yseJIHqeHHe
3Kcnny
TauHOHHblX
3aTPaT
Ha
npOH3BO)lCTBO
rennoBoH
3Heprnu
H3-3a
He06xo)lHMOC
coopYJKeHHR BO,ll;OnO)lroTOBHTeJIbHbIX YCTaHOBOK H
nO,ll;nuroqHblX
YCTPOHCT:
paCCqHTaHHbIX
Ha
KOMneHCaumo
paCXO,ll;OB BO,ll;bl
Ha
ropRqee
BO,ll;OCHa6JKeHHe;
- YCJIOJKHeHHe
CaHHTapHoro
KOHTPOJIR
3a
CHCTeMOH TenJIocHa6JKeHU.!l.
Hapo6",e
cucme.M",
mellJlocHa6:HCeH
UJl
llapo6ble
CUCmeMbl
menllocHa6:JICeHWI.
COOpYJKaIOT ,ll;Byx THnOB: C B03BpaTO
KOH,ll;eHCaTa
Ii
6e3
B03BpaTa
KOH,ll;eHCaTa. B CHCTeMaX C
6036pamOM
KOHiJeHcam
KOH)leHCaT OTBO,ll;HTClI H3 TenJIOBbIX
npH6opoB
a60HeHToB
B
c60pHble
6aKH,
OTKY,
no,naeTC.!l
no
KOH,lleHCaTOnpOBO,ll;Y
Ha
3JIeK1p0cTaHUHIO.
B CHCTeMaX 6e3 6036pam
KOHiJeHcama
OH
OTOO,ll;HTC.!l
H3
TennOBblX
npH6opoB
a60HeHTOo
H
liCnOJIMyeTCR
a60HeHTCKHX
YCTaHOBKaX
,ll;JIJI
ropJlqero
BO,ll;OCHa6JKeHHR,
nH60
c6pacbIBaeTcJI
B ,ll;p
Ha)K.
no
qHCJIY
napaJIJIeJIbHO
npOJIOJKeHHblX naponpOOO,ll;OB
napoBble
CHCTeMbI ,lie
JI.!lTC.!l
Ha
oiJHompy6Hble, iJ«yxmpy6Hble U MHozompy6Hble.
B 0,ll;HOTPy6HblX
napOBblX
cHcTeMax
nap
nO,ll;aeTCJI
BO
Bce
a60HeHTCKHe
YCTa]
HOOKH H
no
O)lHOMY
06I1leMY
naponpOBO,ll;y.
O)lHOTPy6HhIe
napOBble
CHCTeMbI
npH!
MeHRIOT B
Tex
CJIyqaJIX, KOr,ll;a
BceM
nOTPe6MreJIRM
TPe6yeTC.!l
nap
O,llHOrO
,llaBneH
22
",nnOIUlli
HarpY3Ka
nOCTOJlHHa 0
TeqeHHe
Kpyrnoro
rO,lla H ,ll;OnYCTliMbi
nepepblBbI
B
1l001I.Je
napa
nOTpe6HTeJIlIM.
IlpHMepbl
nOCTpoeHHJI 0,ll;HOTpy6HbIX
napOBblX
cereH
nOKa3aHbI
Ha
pHC.
3.8.
oJ
II
2
8.npeHallC
Pm:.
3.S.
DpHMepbI
nOeTpoeHHH
OAHOTPYOHbllt
napOBbilt
CHcyeM
TeUJIOCHaOlKeHHH:
I • ('XlAta
nOO""IO'leHWI
napoBou
omOnUmeJlbHOU
ycmaH06k"U
no
3a6UCUMOU
cxeMe C
6036pamOM
IIfIff}'/j('ama; 6 -
600J/HoU
omonumeJlbHOU
ycmaH06k"U
no
He3U6UCUMOU
CXeMe
C
6036pamOM
KOH-
IIHrama;
6 - ycmall06k"U zopJl'lezo
6000CHa631CeHWI
no
He3a6UCUMOU
cxeMe c
6036pamOM
KOHoeHc
"","I;
" -
meXHOJlOZU'leCKUX
annapam06 C
6036pamOM
K01l0eHCama;
0 -
meXHOJlOZU'leCKUX
annapa-
"".
(1t'3
a036pama
KOHoeHcama;
I .
tlnWnUmeJlbHblU
npu6op; 2
-KoHOeHcamOOm600'lUK;
3 -
KOHoeHcamoc6opHuK;
4 -
6030YUlHblU
1tpQ1I;
S-
me1Vloo6MeHHuK;
6 - Hacoc; 7-paclUupUmeJlbHblU 6aK; 8 - 6000pa36oPHblU KpaH; 9 -
pe-
IJIIUImop
meMnepamypbl;
10
-
6aK-aKkJ'M)'JIJlmOp
zopJl'leu 6oQbl;
11
-
meXHOllOZU'leCKUU
anna
pam;
I .
1IIlponp06OiJ;
II
-
KOHoeHcamonp06oQ
,l{ByxTpy6HbIe
napoBble
CHCreMhI
npHMeHlllOT
npH
He,ll;onyCTHMOCTH
nepephI-
101 B
no,naqe~napa,
JIH60
B
cnyqaJIX,
eCJIH nOTPe6HTeJlRM
1pe6yeTCJI
nap
pa3HhIX
na-
paMeTpOB
(reMnepaTYPa,
,llaBJIeHHe).
,lJ,oYXTPy6Hble
napoBble
CHCTeMbl n03BOJlJllOT
o&icneqHBaTh
Kpyrnoro.lUfqHYIO
nO,ll;aqy
napa
a60HeHTaM,
OCTaHaWIHBalI
Ha
peMOHT
1C1)!(,l\blH
H3
naponpOBO,l:(OB B OT,ll;eJIJ;HOCTIf; nO,ll;aBaTb
no1pe6HTeIDIM
panOHa
nap
pl3HbIX
napaMeTpOB;
B nepHO,ll;bl
MaJIblX
renJIOBbiX
HarpY30K
(HanpHMep
JIeTOM)
BbI-
ICJllOqaTb
H3
pa60ThI
O)lHH
H3
naponpOBO,ll;OO H
TeM
caMblM
CHHJKaTb
TennOBbie
nOTe-
pH
CeTH.
B03BpaT
KOH,neHCaTa B KOTeJIbHYIO
1pe6yeT
coopyJKeHH.!l
KOH,lleHCaTOc6opHOH
OHCTeMbl, COCTOllIlleH
H3 KOH,lleHcaT0c60pHOH
ceTH,
KOH,lleHCaTOQTBO.llqHKOB H
c6op-
MOro
6aKa
C HaCOCaMH. IJ;eJIeC006pa3HOCTh
c60pa
H
003BpaTa
KOH,lleHCaTa
Onpe,lleIDI-
ITeR
KOnHqeCTBOM qHCTOf'O KOH,ll;eHcaTa,
npHro,nHoro
,ll;JIJI
nHTaHHJI KOTJIOO.
KaqeCT-
10
KOH,ll;eHC3Ta 3aBHCHT
OT
KOHCTPYKIJ,HH
TenJIoHCnOJIMYIOIIlHX
annapaTOB,
KOTopble
MO)KHO
paJ)lenHTb
Ha
TpH
rpynnbl:
I.
nOBepXHOCTHble
Tennoo6MeHHHKH,
B KOTOPbIX
HarpeBaeMOH
Cpe,ll;OH JlWIJleTCJI
IOlla,
npoHHKHoBeHHe
KOTOPOH B KOH,ll;eHCaT (ocne,ll;CTBHe B03MO.lKHblX HenJIOTHO-
L~'fen
H
yreqeK
B
TennOO6MeHHHKe)
MO)l(eT TOJIbKO
nOBblCHTb
ero
.lKeCTKOCTb,
'ITO
KOIlTponHpyeTcR
XHMHlJecKHM aHaJIH30M.
23
2.
nOBepXHOCTHble
TenJIOOfiMeHHHKH,
B KOTOPblX
HarpesaeMoH
cpe.!\oH
lIBmnO
KHCJIOTbl,
meJIO'lH
H
np.
BelUeCTBa,
nona,1:\aHHe
KOroPblX
B KOH)],eHcaT MO)l(eT BblS
TH
H3
CTpOR KOH)],eHCaTOnpoBo)],bI H KOTJlbI.
3.
CMemHBaIOlUHe
annapaTbl,
S
KOroPblX
nap
CMemHBaeTCR C
HarpesaeMo'
cpe)]'oit
IJ;eJIeco06pa3Ho
B03BpalUaTb
KOH)J,eHCaT TOJIbKO
OT
annaparos
nepBoM
rpy
nbl,
Tal<
KaK
KOH)],eHcaT,
nonyqaeMblH
nOCJIe
annaparos
BTOPOH
rpynnbI,
Tpe6y
3Ha'lHTeJIbHblX
3a'IpaT
Ha
O'lHCTKY
OT
XHMH'IeCKHX
npHMeceii,
a
B03BpaT
KOH)J,eHCa'
nOCJIe
CMemHBaIOlUHX
annapaTOB
HeB03MO)l(eH.
llo3TOMY,
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT
coo
HomeHHlI
pacxo)],a
napa
annapaTaMH
YKaJaHHbIX
'Ipex
rpynn,
npou;eHT
B03Bparn
KO
)],eHcaTa B KOTeJIbHyK>
MOlKeT
H3MemeTCR
B
mHpoKHX
npe)],enax
CHCTeMbI
c60pa
KOH)],eHcarn
)]'eJIRTClI
Ha
3aKpblmble H omKpblmble. B
3aKp
TbIX
CHCTeMax
KOH)],eHcaT B
KOH)J,eHcaronpoBO)],ax
H
C60PHbiX
6axax
HaXO)],HTClI
no!
H36b1To'lHbIM
)],aBJIeHHeM H
He
HMeeT
c006meHHR
C
aTMoccpepoH.
B OTKpbITbIX
CH
TeMax
KOH)J,eHCaT
HMeeT
co06meHHe
C
aTMoc$epoii.
He)]'OCTaTKOM
OTKpbITbIX
CH
TeM
cfiopa
KOH)]'eHcarn
RBJI1IeTClI
KOppo3HR
KOH)],eHcaTonpoBo)],oB, BbI3bIBaeMaR K
CJIOPO)],OM,
pacTBopeHHbIM
B KOH)]'eHCaTe.
He)],ocTaTKOM
3aKpbITbIX
CHcreM
lIBnlleTC,
60JIbma1l
CTOHMOCTb
o60PY)],OBaHHlI
H
'Ipy)],oeMKOCTb
06cJIYlKHBaHHR.
3.2.6. Te1l/lolJ6Ie
cemu
KnaccutPUK.a~UR
me1l/l0661X
cemeu
TeIlJlOBhIe
cern
lIBID1lOTClI
O)J.HHM
H3 Y3JIOB
KOMIIJleKca
CoopYlKeHHii
CHCTeM
u;eH'IpaJIH30BaHHOrO
TeIlJlocHa6)1(eHIDl,
BKJIlO'IaIOlUero
HCro'IHHK
renJIa,
reIlJlOB
cen.
H MeCTHLIe
CHcreMLI
no1pe6HTeJIeii
reIlJla.
no
cBoeMY
HalHa'leHHlO
reIlJlOBbIe
CeTH KJIaCcH$HQHPYIOTClI
no
CJIe)J.ylOlU
KaTeropHlIM:
1.
Mamc'IpaJIbHbIe
- OT
Hcro'lHHKa
renJIa
)],0
reppHTOpHH
npoMbImneHHbIx
npe
npHRTHH
H
MHKpopaiioHOB
HaCeJIeHHblX
MeeT.
2.
Pacnpe)],eJIHTeJIbHbIe
- OT
MarHc'IpaJIbHblX
TenJIOBbIX
ceTeu
no
TeppHTOpH
npoMbImneHHblx
npe)]'npHRTHii
H
MHKpopaiioHoB
HaceJIeHHbIX MeCT )],0 Y3JIOB 0
BeTBJIeHHH TeDJIOBbiX
cereH
K OT)],eJIbHbIM 3)],aHHRM.
3.
OrBeTBJleHHR
K OT)],eJIhHblM 3)],aHHRM - OT pacnpe)],eJIHTeJIbHbIX TenJIOBbiX C
Teii
)],0 BBo)],a B 3)],aHHe.
Cxt!M61
me1l/l01J61X
cemeu
CxeMbI
TeDJIOBbiX
cereH
3aBHCRT OT
pa3MemeHHlI
HCro'lHHKOB
renJIOTbl
(D
HJIH
KOreJIbHblx)
no
OTHomeHHIO
K
paiioHY
TeIlJlOBOro
nO'Ipe6JIeHHlI,
xapaKTepa
Ten
JIOBOii
Harpy:JKH
paiiOHa
H BH)J.a TenJIOHOCHTeJIR.
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT
B3aHMHOrO
pa3MelUeHHR
HCTO'IHHKOB
TenJIa
H
norpefiH.Te
JIeii
cxeMbi
TenJIOBblX
cereii
MoryT
fibITh
Pa,1:\HaJIbHhIMH
(c
npoKJIa,1:\KOH OT
O)],HO
24
MOTO'IIIHKIl
Tenna
OT)],eJIbHblX
MarHC1paJIeH
K
MeeTaM
pa3MemeHHlI
OT)],eJlbHbIX
no-
tp!t6HTe.llci1)
HJIH KOJIbu;eBblMH
(c
npOKJIa,1:\KOH OT HCTO'fHHKa
rellJla
K
O)],HOH
rpynne
nOTpel'hlTeJICH
He
MeHee
)],ByX
MarHC'IpaJIeH,
coe)],HHRlOlUHXClI Me)l()],y COfiOH B
pau-
IHI
pll')MeU~CHHlI
nO'Ipe6HTeJIeH).
IlpH
8b160pe
cxeMbI
renJIOBOH
ceTH
HCXO)J,8T
H3 YCJIOBHU Ha,1:\elKHOCTH H 3KO-
IIOMHLIHOCTH, CTpeMlICb K nOJIy'l:eHHIO
HaHfioJIee
npocroii
KOHcpHrypaU;HH CeTH H
,aMMCHhUJei1
MHHhI
rennonpoBO)],OB
•.
IlpHMep
nOC'IpoeHHII
Pa)J.HaJIhHOii
renJIoBoii
ceTH
nOKa3aH
Ha
pHC.
3.9.
PHe. 3.9.
Pa~HaJlI>HaH
TenJlOBaH
een.
P8,ll.HaJIbHa1I CXeMa C
yMeHhmeHHeM
)],HaMe'Ipa
CeTH
no
Mepe
pacnpe)],eJIeHHR
ftnnOHOCHTeJl1l
no
OTBerBJleHIDlM, nOKa3aHHa1I
Ha
pHC.
3.9, 1IBJllleTClI
HaH60Jlee
)],e-
lIt.oft,
rpe6yeT
HaHMeHhmero
pacxo)],a
MeTaJiJIa H
npocTa
B
3KcnnyaTaU;HH,
H
no-
mMY UOJIy'l:HJIa
lUHpoKoe
pacnpoc'IpaHeHHe.
He)],ocTaTKOM
TaxOH
cxeMhI
lIBJI11eTClI
OTCyrcTBHe
pe3epBHpOBaHHlI,
'ITO
npHBO)],HT K OTKJIlO«eHHRM
60JIbmHX
rpynn
no-
'l'pt6HTeJIeH
npH
aBapHRX,
npH'IeM
«eM
60Jlhme
)J,HaMe'Ip
TeIlJlOnpOBo)],a,
reM
6oJIh-
W'
K HeMY
npHcoe)]'HHeHo
nO'Ipe6HTeneH,
H
reM
06LI«HO
60JIhme
npO)],OJllKHTeJlh-
H001'b OTKJIIO'IeHHR
M1I
asapHiiHoro
peMOHTa.
.l(n1l
no)],a'lH
reDJIa
K
n01pe6HreJl1lM,
He
)],onycKaIOlUHM
nepephIBOB
B
no)],a'le
,..I1JI8, HCnOJIh3yK>TCR Pa,1:\HaJIbHbIe
cxeMhI
C )J.y6JIHPOBaHHhIMH
MamC'IpaJl1lMH
HJIH
KOnhl(eBbJe CXeMbI.
llpH
TenJIOCHa6lKeHHH
KpynHbIX
roPO)],OB OT HeCKOJIbKHX
T3IJ;
HJIH
KpynHbIx
XOTcnbHblX,
npe)],YCMaTpHsaeTclI
HX
B3aHMHoe
pe3epBHpOBaHHe
nyreM
coe)],HHeHHR
nlpeMbI'lKaMH
MarnCrpalleU
6oJIl,moro
)],HaMe'Ipa
(PHC. 3.10).
25
Puc. 3.10.
KOJIbUCB8S
TeIlJlOBaS
C:eTb OT TpClI:
T3U
Te1lJl066.e
nomepu
6 mellJl0661X cellUlX
TemIOBble
nOTepH
B TenJIOBbIX CeTJlX
CKJIa,D.bIBaIOTCJI
H3
.nByx
COCTaBJIJlIOID:HX:
Qm
=Qu
+Qy,
r.ne
QH
-
nOTepH
Tenna
'Iepe3
TenJIOH30JIJlUHIO TenJIOnpoBO.na;
Qy
-
nOTepH
TenJIa
yre'lKaMHTellJlOHOCHTeJIJI
H3
CeTH.
IToTepH
TenJIa
'Iepe3
TenJIOH3oJUIIUDO onpe.neJIJlIOTCJI HOPMaMH
nOTepb
Tenn
KOTOpbIe )"IHTbIBaIOTCJI
npH
npoeKTHpOBaHHH
TenJIOH30JIHUHOHHOH KOHC-rpYKUHH.
HOpMaTHBHbIe
nOTepH
TellJla
H30JIHpOBaHHbIMH TellJlOnpoBO.naMH onpe.neJIJI
IOTCJI
BbIpIDKeHHeM
Q
..
=
~qH
I,
r.ne
qH
- y.neJIbHoe HOPMaTHBHoe
3Ha'leHHe
nOTepb
Tenna
H30JIHPOBaHHbIMH
Tpy60
npoBO.naMH,
KKam'M·q;
1-
npOTJI)I{eHHOCTb
yqacTKa
TenJIonpoBO.na,
M;
~
- K03IPIPHUH
eHT, yqHTbIBaIOIUHA
nOTepH
TenJIa OnOpaMH,
apMaTYpoil,
KOMneHcaTOpaMH,
npHHH
MaeTCJI
1,15
npH
6e3KaHaJIbHOil
npOKJIa,D.Ke
Tpy60npoBo.noB,
1,2
-
npH
npOKJIa,D.Ke
KaHaJIax
H
1,25
-
npH
Ha3eMHOil
npOKJIa.nKe.
3Ha'leHHe
q"
onpe.neJIJleTCJI
no
CHHIT
2.04.14-88
"TellJloBaJI
H30JIJlU1Ul
060py
.nOBaHHH H
-rpy60npoBo.noB"
[7]
B 3aBHCHMOCTH
OT
.l:\HaMe-rpa TemIOnpoBO.na
Ii
TeM
nepaTYpbI
TenJIOHOCHTeJIJI
npH
onpe.neJIeHHoH
TeMnepaTYpe
rpyHTB
(npH
nO.l:\3eMRO
npoKJIa,D.Ke)
HlIH
HapYJKHoro
B03.nyxa
(npH
Ha3eMHOil
npOKJTa.nKe).
rIpH
3Ha'leHH
TeMllepaTYP
rpyHTa,
HapYJKHoro
B03.nyxa
H TennOHOCHTenJl, OTJIH'IHbIX
OT
npHHJlTbl
npH
pac'Iere
HOpM
TennOBbIX
nOTepb,
npoH3BO~T
nepec'IeT
3HaqeHHH
qH
no
BbIpa
)I{eHHIO
26
-
qP
P'
(3.13)
q"
- H t
P
-
t"S{ll'l
t
rno
q,,P
- paClJeTHoe
3Ha'leHHe
HOpM TennOBbIX
nOTepb
(no
CnpaBO'lHbIM
.naHHbIM);
t"
'IP •
'reMnepaTYPa
TennOHOCHTeJIlI COOTBeTCTBeHHO
npH
KOHKpeTHblX
ycnoBHRX
Ii
I1PHIUlTaJI
npH
paClJere
3HalJeHHlI
q/;
~tI.(ll')'
fHlI(rp)
-
TeMnepaTypa
rpYHTa
(HaPY)l{Horo
'C!'tJ,yxa)
COOTBeTCTBeHHO
npH
KOHKpeTHbIX YClIOBHHX H
npHHHTaR
npH
paClJeTe
3Ha·
'CIllI-UI
q.p.
<DaKTHlJeCKHe
TennOBble
nOTepH
3aBHCJlT
OT
ycnoBHH
3KcnnyaTauHH
H
B03pac-
"to'l'
npH
ysna)l{HeHHH
H
pa3pyweHHH
TennOBOH H30JIJlIJ;HH.
TennOBble
nOTepH
Ten-
nOllpOBO.naMH YBenH'IHBaIOTCJI OpHeHTHpOBO'lHO:
npH
ysna)l{HeHHH
TennOBoil
H30-
II.\HH - B
1,5-2
pa3a,
npH
nOlIHOM
pa3pyrueHHH
(OTCyrCTBHH)
TennOBOH H30nHIJ;HH _
'Io'l'blpe
pa3a,
npH
3aTOllJleHHH TenJIOBOH H30nJlIJ;HH - B BoceMb-.neCHTb
pa3.
TOtfHOe
IHII'ICHHe TenJIOBbIX
nOTepb
MO)l{eT 6b1Tb
onpe.nelIeHo
npHoopHbIM
MeTo.nOM.
HopMaTHBHbIe
nOTepH
Tenna
C
yretfK3MH
TennOHOCHTeJIJI H3
-rpy60np
oBo
.no
B
II!OJ\RHbIX
TennOBbIX
ceTeA
onpe.nelIJIIOT
no
IPopMYlIe
Qy=GyC.(t",-t
XB
),
(3.14)
'ne
Oy
- HOpMaTHBHaJI BeJIH'lHHa
yre'lKH
TellJlOHOCHTelIJi B
BO~HbIX
TennOBblX
ce-
'lilt,
Kr/'I;
C. - TenJIOeMKOCTb BO.nbI, paBHaJI 1
KKam'Kr·oC;
tro
-
TeMnepaTYpa
ropHtfeil
'/1,1>1,
nO)l,aBaeMOH B
TennoB)'lO
ceTb,
°C;
tx!!
-
ycpe.nHeHHaR
TeMnepaTYpa
XOnO.l:\HOH
JO/I,OnpoBo.nHoil) BO.nbI,
°C.
ITPH
OTCYTCTBHH
IPaKTH'IeCKHX .naHHbIX npHHHMaeTCH
IlmoH
+5°C
3HMOH, +
15°C
JIeTOM H +
10°C
- B cpe.nHeM
3a
ro.n.
HopMaTHBHbIe
yre'lKH
TennOHOCHTeJlJI
H3
TennOBOH CeTH onpe.nenJlIOTCH
no
wpO)l{eHHIO
G =a
V",P.
,
(3.15)
y
',IlO
a -
y.nenbHoe
HopMaTHBHOe
3Ha'leHHe
yre'lKH
H3
TennOBoA
CeTH B
nepHo.n
3KC-
JlyaTaIJ;HH,
npHHHMaeMoe
paBHbIM
0,0025
M
3
/'I'M
3
;
VTC
-
o6DeM
TellJlOBOH
ceTH,
M3;
3
• - nJIOTHOCTb BO.nbI,
Kr/M
•
ITPH
opHeHTHpOBO'IHbIX
paC'IeTBX
npHHHMaeTCJI paBHOH
000
Kr/M
3
•
KOnH'IecTBa
TellJla,
TepJleMoro
B TellJlOBbIX CeTHX
3a
paccMa-rpHBaeMbIH
nepH-
1)1
(oTOnHTeJIbHbIH nepHO.n,
ro.n
H
T.n.)
onpe.neJIHeTCH
no
Bblpa)l{eHHIO
QTlI.r
=
Qm
24z
,
(3.16)
',no
Qm
- cpe.l:\HetfaCOBbIe TellJlOBbIe
nOTep"
B TenJIOBbIX ceTHX, onpe.neJIJleMble
no
IoIpIDKeHHIO
(3.11),
KKaJI/tf; Z - npo.nOJI)I{HTeJIbHOCTb
pa60TbI
TennOBbIX
CeTe"
B
Te-
elUte
paccMa-rpHBaeMoro
nepHO)l,a,
cyr.
27
KOHileHCaT If3
n~oBblx
ceTeil
B napoBYIO cen.
B BO,lIIIHylO TerulOBYIO
ceTl.
14
PRe.
3.11.
TexHonOm"lecK8a
aeMa
naposoii
npoMbUDneHHoi KOTeJlbnoii:
J •
IIOCOC
CblPOU
60iJbl; 2 -
mennoo6MeHHuK
Henpepbl6HoU
npoiJ)'6KU; 3 -
nOOozpe80meJI.b
CblPOU
'{It)"';
4 -
cucmeMO
XUM6oo()()1.tUCmh"U;
j -
nOOozpe80meJI.b
XUMO'luzqeHHOU
60001.;
{j
- iJeo3pomop; 7
•
nlllnameJI.bHblU
Hacoc; 8 - naposou
KOmeJI.;
9 - cenapomop
Henpepbl6HoU
npoiJ)'6KU;
10.
lwHiJeH-
,'umllblu 6aK;
11
-
/toHiJeHCamHblU
HOCOC;
12 - nooozpe80meJlb ceme80u
80001.;
13 -
OXJIoiJumeJlb
I((II/()cHcoma;
14 - ceme60u
HOCOC
'
BLlpa6aTbIBaeMhIH
B KOTne 8
nap
omYCKaeTClI
B
napoBble
H
BOMHLre
ceTH
H
1I8CTH'IHO
HcnonL3YeTCJI
Ha
co6cTBeHHbIe
HYJK,Il,bI KOTenLHOH
,ll.Jl1l
nO,l"(orpesa
BO,ll,hl B
J(cUJparope
6,
CblPOH BO,llhI B
nO,llorpeBaTene
3
If
XHMH'IeCKH
O"lHmeHHOH
BO,ll.LI B
lIuJlorpeBaTene
5.
3.2.7.
HcmoCmuKu
mewIOCH0631CeHUJI
KnOCCUpUKOI(UJI
UCmO'lHUK06
mennocHo6:HCeHUJI
BbI,llemilOT
cne,D,ylOmHe HCTO'lHHKH
TennocHa6iKeHHJI:
1.
HHOU(lUoyanbHble
KOmJIbl
U
ne'lu
AnJi
OTOnneHHJI OT,lleJILHLIX
ICBapT!
H ICOMHaT;
2.
HHoueuoyanbHble
KOmeJlbHble
OT,lleJIhHLIX 3,llaHHH;
3.
KeapmanbHble u zpynno6ble
KOmeJlbHble,
npe,nHalHa'leHHhle
AnJi
rennocHa6
HHJI
O,nHoro
HJIH HeCIConLKHX
KBapTanOB,
rpynnhl
JKHJlhIX .nOMOB HJIH
06mecTBeHH
3.naHHH;
4.
KomeJlbHble npeonpUJImuu
(npoMhlWJIeHHLle
KOTenLHLle),
ocymecTBJIl11O
TenJIOCHa6)f(eHHe
npe,llnpH.IITIDI,
a TalOKe
'IaCTH
ero
)f(HJIOro IPoH,lla, a B pJl,lle
CJIyq
COCe,llHHX
npe,llnpHJlTHH;
5.
PauoHHble lWmeJlbHble,
cHa6iKatolI{He
TennOTOH
nmpe6HTeJIeH
paHOHa,
BKJI
'IaJl
npOMhlwneHHLle
npe,llnpHJlTHlI,
06meCTBeHHhle
H
)f(Hnhle
3,ll.aHHlI;
6.
TenJIo3l1eKmpolleHmpanu,
06eCne'lHBatomHe
renJIOTOH npe,lUIpHJITHJI,
iKHnLl
06meCTBeHHhle
3,ll.aHH1I, a
TaJCiKe
Bhlpa6aThlBalOII{He
3Ha'lHreJILHOe
KOJIH'IeCTBO 3JI'
TPo:mepmH.
OrMe'leHHLle
rpynnLI
HCTOT.fHHKOB TenJIOCHa6iKeHHJI XapaKTePH3ytoTCJI
nper
,ll.e
Bcero
ypoBHeM
u:eHTPaJImaU:HH H
MaCWTa6aMH
reilllocHa6iKeHHlI.
KBaPTaRbH
rpynnoBLle
H pa.f:i.oHHLle
KOTenLHble
BXOMT
B
COCTaB
npe,ll.npHJITHH
reilllocHa6
HH1I,
renJI03JIeKTPou:eHTPaJIH
- B
cocmB
npOMhlIIIJIeHHLIX
npe,lUIpH1lTHii
JIH60
pa.f:i.
HOro
3HeprerHT.fecKoro
ynpaBJIeHHJI.
l{eHTpaJImaU:H1I
n03BOnJIeT
YBeJIHT.fHTb e,ll.HHH'lHLle MOIQHOCTH
HCTOT.fHHK,
renJIocHa6iKeHHlI
H 6JIaro,ll.apJI
nOMY
yJIyqWHTh
nOKa3aTenH
CHcreMbI
renJIOCH
JKeHHJI.
TIPH
YBeJIHT.feHHH e,ll.HHH'lHOii MOmHOCTH KOTJIOB CHHiKatoTCJI Y,lleJIhHhle
nHTanLHLle
BJIO)f(eHHJI B HCTO'IHHKH
TeilllocHa6iKeHHJI,
YSeJIH'IHBaeTCJI
KTI,n
KOTJI'
YMeHbWaeTCJI 'IHCneHHOCTL
06cnYJKHBalOmero
nepcoHaJIa
H COOTBeTCTBeHHO
pac
,Il,LI
Ha
3apa60THyto
nnary,
YMeHbWaeTCJI
3arp1l3HeHHe
oKpy>KatomeH
Cpe,ll,LI. O,ll,Ha
nOBLlweHHe
YPOBHJI
u:eHTPMH3aQHH
rennocHa6JKeHHJI
TPOOYeT
,llonOJIHHrenLH
pacxO,ll,oB
Ha
cTPQHrenbCTBO
H
3KcnnyaTaU:HIO
TennOBLIX
ceTeii.
U:eJIeCOO6palHOC:
ypOBHlI
u:eHTPaJIH3aU:HH
TennocHa6iKeHHlI
pewaeTClI
TeXHHKO-3KOHOMH'IeCICHMH p
T.feTaMH.
TeXHOJlOZU'leCI\llJI
cmpyl<mYpo
KOmeJlbHOii
BLIpa60TKa
TennOBOH
3HepmH
KOTenhHOH
YCTaHoBKon
ocymecTBnJleTCJI
reXHOJIOrH'leCKoMY
npou:eccy,
npH
KOTOPOM
npoHcxO,ll.HT
npe06palOBaHHe
XHMH
CKOH
3HeprHH
TOnnHBa
npH
ero
CiKHraHHH
B
Tenno
ra3006palHhlX
npO,D,yKTOB
cro
HHJI,
nepe,ll.a'la
renna
pa60'leH
cpe,lle
- BO,lle,
MeHJllOmen
B
napoBLIx
KOTnax
CBOe
peraTHoe
COCTOJlHHe, a B
BO,Il,orpeHHhlx
KOTnax
- TOnhKO 3HTaJILnHIO
(rennoco,ll.
iKaHHe).
HapJl,ll,Y C
BbIpa6OTKoH
TennOBOH
3HepmH
B KOTeJILHOH YCTaHOBKe
Ocy
28
1TIJIlICTCII
nO,llroToBKa
TenJIOHOCHreJIJI 38,l(aHHhlX
napaMeTpoB
H
omYCK
ero
B CHC-
"'My
,'cnJIocHa6JKeHHH.
KOTenhHall
YCTaHoBKa
npe,llcTaBJIlIeT
c060ii
KOMnneKC
60nLworo
KOnH"IeCTBa
TlXIIOJIOm'leCICHX
YCTaHoBOK, CB1I3aHHhIX MeiK,D,y
c060n
B COOTBeTCTBHH C
TeXHono-
rHI~
npOH3BO,llCTBa
napa
HnH
rOpJlT.feH BO,ll,hI.
Ha
pHC. 3.11 npHBe,neHa
TeXHOnOrn"leCKaji
cxeMa
npoMLlwneHHoH
napoBoH
IOTMbHOH
,llJIlI cHa6JKeHHJI
nOTPe6HTeneH
napoM
H ropJlT.feH BO,llOH.
KOH,lleHcaT
OT
nOTpe6HreJIJI
napa
B03BpaIl.(aeTClI B KOH,ll,eHcaTHbIH
6aK
J
0,
OT-
Ky,ua KOH,lleHCaTHbIMH
HacocaMH
JJ nO,llaeTClI B ,Il,ea3paTOp 6 aTMOCIPepHOrO
THna.
BO,ll.OnHTarenLHal! YCTaHOBICa
KorenLHoii
COCTOHT H3
Hacoca
CLIPOH BO,llhI
J,
nO,llor-
[lIlBaTeneii
CLlPOH
BO,l"(Ll
2 H 3, CHCTeMLI XHMBO,llOO"lHCTKH 4, nO,ll.OrpesaTeJIH
XHMH-
'leCKH
OQHmeHHOii
BO,ll,hI
5,
,llea3paTOpa
6
If
nHTaTenLHoro
Hacoca
7.
CLIP3ji
BO,lla
no-
CJle
npe,ll.BapHTenbHoro
nO,ll,orpeBa B
Teilllo06MeHHHKe
HenpepLIBHoH
npo,D,yBKH 2
npo,ll.)'BO'IHOH BO,llOn
OT
cenapaTOpa
HenpepLIBHon
npo,D,yBKH 9, nepe,ll.
nOCT)'nneHH-
eM
Ha
XHMBO,llOO'lHCTKy
,llorpeBaeTCli
napOM
B
napOBOMHOM
nO,ll.orpeBaTene
CLIPOH
KOAh!
3 ,ll.0
TeMneparypLI
40°C.
TIocne
ClfCTeMhI
XHMBO,Il,OOT.fHCTKH
O'lH~eHH3ji
OT
29
MeXaHHqeCKHX
npHMeCeH
H COJIeH
BO~a
HarpeBaeTCli
~O
TeMneparypbI
90°C
B
no
~orpeBaTeJIe
5 H
no~aeTCR
B
~ea3paTop
6,
r~e
H3
BO~bl
y~aJIRIOTCR
pacTBopeHHbi
raJbl.
IIocJIe
~ea3paUHH
nHTaTeJIbHaR
Bo~a
nHTaTeJIbHblM
HaCOCOM 7
no~aeTCR
B
KO
TeJI 8.
IIo~orpeB
CeTeBOH
BO~bl
ocymeCTBJIReTCR
B
no~orpeBaTeJIe
12
napoM
H3
KOT
JIa.
KOImeHCaT
nOCJIe
no~orpeBaTeJIR
12 OXJIaJK.llaeTCR
ceTeBoH
BO~OH
B
OXJIa~l1TeJI
KOH~eHcaTa
13
~o
TeMneparypbI
90°CH
no~aeTCli
B
~ea3paTOp
6.
QuPKYJIRUHR
BO~
B
TenJIOBOH
ceTH
06eCneqHBaeTCR
ceTeBbIM
HaCOCOM 14.
060py~oBaHHe,
06eCneqHBaIOmee
TeXHOJIOrHqeCKHH
npouecc
KOTeJIbHOH
yc
TaHOBKH,
no~paJ~eJIReTCR
Ha
OCHOBHoe
H oonOJlHumenbHoe.
Bcero
BbI~eJIRIOT
IllecT,
rpynn
060Py~OBaHHR.
OCHoBHoe
1.
IIo~roToBKa
TOnJIHBa
(npHeMHo-paJrpY30qHbIe
H
~p06HJIbHbIe
YCTPOHCTB
nbIJIenpHrOTOBHTeJIbHble
YCTaHOBKH,
MeXaIJH3MbI
cKJI~a
TOnJIHBa
H
TPaKTa
TOnJI
BOnO~aqH
-
~R
TBep~oro
TOnJIHBa;
npHeMHble
H
HaKOnHTeJIbHbie
pe3epByapbI,
Haco)
CbI
H
no~orpeBaTeJIH
MaJyTa,
<pHJIbTPbI,
MaJyTonpoBo~bI
-
~
)l(H~KOro
TOnJIHB~
ra3opacnpe~eJIHTeJIbHble
YCTaHoBKH
H
TPy60npoBo~bI
raJa
-
~
raJo06paJHoro).
2.
IIpOH3BO~CTBO
napa
HJIH
rOpRqeH
BO~bI
(napoBbIe
HJIH
Bo~orpeHHble
KOTJIOar-
peraTbI,
TPy60npoBo~bI
B
npe~eJIax
KOTJIoarperaTa,
cenapaTOpbI
HenpepbIBHoH
npo
~BKH,
TRro~beBbIe
MaIllHHbI,
ra30B03.nyxonpoBo~bI).
3.
IIo~roToBKa
flHTaTeJIbHOH
H
nO~HTOqHOH
BO~bI
(HacocbI
H
no~orpeBaTeJI
CblpoH
BO~bI,
YCTaHoBKH
XHMHqeCKOH
OqHCTKH
BO~,
no~orpeBaTeJIH
OqHmeHHO
BO~bI,
~ea3paTOPbI,
nHTaTeJIbHbIe
HaCOCbI, YCTaHOBKH
c60pa
H
nepeKaqKH
KOImeHCa
Ta
-
KOH~eHCaTHbIe
6aKH,
nepeKaqHBaIOm;ue
HaCOCbI,
OXJI~HTeJIH
KOImeHCaTa).
4.
IIO~TOBKa
TeflJIOHOCHTeJljl
(TeflJIOO6MeHHHKH
CeTeBOH
BO~,
ceTeBbie
H
UHP
KYJIRUHOHHbIe
HaCOCbI,
6aKH-aKKYMYJIjITOpbI).
/(onOJlHUmenbHoe
5.
3JIeKrpHqeCKaR
qaCTb
(TPaHc<P.opMaTOpbI,
pacnpe~eJIHTeJIbHbIe
YCTPOHCTB
3JIeKTpo060pY~OBaHHe
OT~eJ1LHLIX
rpynn).
6.
ABTOMaTHKa
H
KHII
(060py~oBaHHe
aBTOMaTHqeCKoro
peryJIHpOBaHHR
H K
OT~eJIbHbIX
TeXHOJIOrnqeCKHX
rpynn).
nOOzom06Ka
600b'
ORR
nap06b'X
U
6000zpeUHb'X
KOmeJlbHb'X
H~e)l{HOCTL
pa60TbI
nOBepXHOCTeH
HarpeBa
KOTeJIbHbiX
arperaTOB
H CHCTe
TenJIOCHa6)1{eHHR
3aBHCHT
OT
KaqeCTBa
nHTaTeJIbHOH
H
nO~nHTOqHOH
BO~bl.
OCHOB'
HbIMH
nOKaJaTeJljlMH
KaqeCTBa
BO~bI
RBJIRIOTCR:
np03paqHOCTb
(co~ep)l{aHHe
B3Be
IlleHHbIX
BemeCTB),
)l(eCTKOCTb
(co~ep)l{aHHe
COJIeH
KaJIbUUjI
H
MarnHR),
CO~ep)l{aHHe
arpeCCHBHbIX
ra30B
(0
2
H
CO
2
).
OCHOBHOH
3~aqH
no~rOTOBKH
BO~bI
B
KOTeJIbHbI'
RBmleTCR
60Pb6a
C
Kopp03HeH
H
HaKHnblO.
Tpe60BaHHR,
npe~'bRBJljleMbie
K
Bo~e
HCnOJIb3yeMoH
B
napoBblx
H
Bo~orpeHHbIX
KOTeJIbHbIX,
PaJJIHqHbI,
TaK
KaK
B
napo
BbIX
KOTJIaX
Bo~a
HcnapReTcR,
a B
Bo~orpeHHblx
- TOJIbKO
HarpeBaeTcR.
30
PaCTBopeHHbie
B
Bo~e
KOppo3HoHHo-aKTHBHbie
raJbI
(KHCJIOpO~
H
yrJIeKHCJIbIH
r'll'\l)
llb13bIBalOT
KOPP03HlO
nOBepxHocTeH
HarpeBa
KOTJIOB,
TenJIo06MeHHHKoB
H
TPY-
ealipoBo~OB.
IIpouecc
y~aJIeHHlI
H3
BO~bl
pacTBopeHHblx
ra30B
HaJbIBaeTCR
oea3pa-
'/IICl/I,
a
YCTaHOBKa
MR
y~aJIeHHR
raJOB
-
oea3pamopoM.
)].ea3paUHR
BO~bI
OCHOBaHa
HI
IIOBbIIlleHHH
ee
TeMneparypbI
~o
KHneHHR,
npH
KOTOPOM
npoHcxo~HT
BbI~eJIeHHe
1'1108
H3
BO~bI.
KHneHHe
BO~bl
B
~ea3paTOpe
MO)l{eT
6bITb
~OCTHrHyTO
3a
CqeT
CHH-
*elIHlI
~aBJIeHUjI
H~
nOBepXHOCTblO
BO~bI
HH)I{e
aTMOC<pePHOro
~JIR
caMOBCKHnaHHR
Jo,lJ,bl
(BaKYYMHaR
~ea3paUHR)
HJIH
3a
CqeT
HarpeBa
BO~bI
napOM
npH
aTMOC<pePHOM
IilJICHHH (aTMOC<pePHaR
~ea3paUHR).
B3BeIlleHHble
BemecTsa
(HepaCTBopeHHbie
MeXaHHqeCKHe
npHMeCH)
B
60JIb-
HX
KOJIHqeCTBax
CO~ep)l{aTCR
B
nOBepXHOCTHbIX
Bo~ax
peK,
03ep
H
HCKYCCTBeHHbiX
lO,AoxpaHHJIHm.
)].aHHbie
BemeCTBa
Bbm~aIOT
B
BH~e
nO~BH)I(HOrO
oca~Ka
-
IllJIaMa.
WJUIM
MO)l{eT
oce~aTb
B
060pY~OBaHHH
CHCTeM
TenJIOCHa6)1(eHHR,
qTO
CHH)I{aeT
ero
'ICOIIOMHqHOCTb
H MOm;uOCTb, a
TaIOKe
npHBO~HT
K
YBeJIHqeHHIO
H3Hoca
060pY~OBa
If
Mil
H
aBapHRM.
IIPH
HCnOJIb30BaHHH
B
KOTeJIbHbiX
BO~
H3
OTKpbITbiX
HCTOqHHKOB
tMII
OLIHCTKH OT
B3BeIlleHHbIX
BemecTB
npHMeHRIOTcR
MeXaHHqeCKHe
<pHJIbTPbI.
HaH60JIee
Ba)I{HbIM
nOKaJareJIeM
KaqeCTBa
BO~bI
RBJljleTCR
ee
)l{eCTKOCTb
(CO-
,Il'('I)/CaHHe COJIeH).
IIPH
HarpeBe
HJIH
HcnapeHHH
BO~bI
H3
Hee
Bbm~aIOT
pacTBOpeH-
MINO
COJIH,
qaCTb
H3
KOTOPbIX
oc~aeTcR
Ha
nOBepXHOCTJIX
HarpeBa
B
BH~e
nJIOTHO-
ro
CJIOR
C
HH3KOH
TenJIOnpoBO~HocTblO,
HaJblBaeMOrO
HaKHnblO.
3TO
npHBo~HT
K
HHlICeHHIO
KIT)]. KOTJIOB H
TenJIo06MeHHoro
060pY~OBaHHR,
a
TaIOKe
MO)l{eT
npHBec-
fH K
neperopaHHlO
MeTaJIJIa
BCJIe~CTBHe
yxy~IlleHUjI
TenJIoo6MeHa,
3aKYnopKe
060-
,lJ,ooaHHR.
CHH)I{eHHe
)l{eCTKOCTH
BO~bI
(YMRrqeHHe)
npOH3BO~HTCR
XHMHqeCKOH
H
MarnHTHOH
06pa60TKoH.
IIpH
XHMHqeCKOH
06pa60TKe
BO~a
nponycKaeTcR
qe-
" 4)HJIbTPbI C
XHMHqeCKHMH
peareHTaMH,
KOTopbIe
BCTYflaR
B
peaKUHIO
C
paCTBO-
tlllWMH
B
BO~e
COJIRMH CHH)I(aJOT
ee
)l{eCTKOCTb.
MarHHTHbIH
MeTO~
06pa60TKH
'lO,IJ,bl
OCHOBaH
Ha
TOM
RBJIeHHH,
qro
Bo~a
nOCJIe
B03~eHCTBHR
Ha
Hee
MarnHTHoro
Ollll
npH
nOCJIe~meM
ee
HarpeBe
fie
~aeT
HaKHnHbIX
OTJIO)l(eHHH
Ha
nOBepXHOCTH
IlrpeBa.
COJIH
)l{eCTKOCTH
BbIn~aIOT
B
B~e
III1IaMa,
H
~OJI)I(HbI
HenpepbIBHO
y~a
.TbC"
H3
HH)I{HHX
TOqeK
HarpeBaTeJIbHOrO
060Py~OBaHHR.
KaK
npaBHJIO,
~aHHbIH
.TDA
HCnOJIb3yeTcR
B
He60JIbIllHX
KOTeJIbHbIX
H B
MeCTHbIX
a60HeHTCKHX
YCTaHOB-
IX
(CHCTeMbI
6bITOBoro
ropRqerO
BO~OCHa6)1{eHHR
H
T.n.).
npOOY6Ka
IIap06b'X
KomR06
B
HaCTORmee
BpeMR
HaH60JIee
IllHpoKoe
pacnpocTpaHeHHe
nOJIyqHJIH
napo-
we
KOTJIbi
6apa6aHHoro
THna.
IIpHHUHn
nOJIyqeHHR
napa
B
TaKOM
KOTJIe OCHOBaH
I
HcnapeHHH
qaCTH
KOTJIOBOH
BO~bI,
Haxo~meHcR
B
6apa6aHe
KOTJIa.
HcnapHB-
Kf.lCli
06'beM
BOCnOJIHReTCR
nHTaTeJIbHOH
BO~OH,
no~aBaeMoH
B KOTeJI.
IIPH
Hcna-
IIHH
BO~bI
Bce
pacTBopeHHble
BemeCTBa
H
B3BeIlleHHble
npHMecH
OCTalOTCR B
KOT-
unoA
Bo~e,
BCJIe~CTBHe
qero
HX
KOHueHTPaUHR
nOCTORHHO
pacTeT.
II03TOMY
He-
M(rrpR
Ha
npe~BapHTeJIbHYIO
no~roToBKY
nHTaTeJIbHOH
BO~bl,
~R
nOMep)l{aHHR
UlIllcHTPaUHH
cOJIeH H
npHMeceH
B KOTJIOBOH
Bo~e
Ha
TPe6yeMoM
ypoBHe
ee
He06-
31
XO.ll.HMO
06HOBJHITh
n}"reM
y,naJIeHHlI '1aCTH KOTJlOBOH BO,nhl H
3aMew.eHHlI
ee
nH
TeJlhHOH BO,nOH. 3Ta
OnepaUHlI
HalhiBaeTCIf
npO)J.yBKoii.
Pa3J1H'laIOT
HenpephlBHY
nepHO.ll.H"IeCKYIO npO)J.yBKy.
HenpephlBHaJI
npo)J.yBKa npe.ll.YCMaTPHBaeT nOCTOHH
Y.lI.aJIeHHe
H3
6apa6aHa
KOTJla "IaCTH BO,llhI,
co,nep)f<aw.eii
paCTBOpeHHhle
npHMe
llepHO,nH"IecKaJI
npO)J.yBKa npe)J.yCMaTPHBaeT y,naJIeHHe H3 HI1)f{HHX
TO'IeK
6apa6
KOTna
H KOJlJleKTOpoB
'faCTH
BO.ll.hI, CO.ll.ep)f{aw.eH TBep,nhle B3BeCH
(mnaM).
BenH'I
npO)J.yBKH
06hl"lHO
COCTaBJIHeT OKOJlO 2% npOH3BO.ll.HTeJlhHOCTH KOTna.
):VIH HCnOJlh30BaHHH
TennOThI,
co,nep)f{am.eHcH B npo)J.yBO"lHOH BO.ll.e, YCTaH
JlHBaIOT
cenapaTop
HenpephlBHoH
npo)J.yBKH,
B KOTOPOM Bo,na "IaCTH'IHO
HcnapHe
]a
OleT
CHH)f{eHHH
ee
,naBJIeHHH (,naBJIeHHe B
6apa6aHe
KOTJla 3aBHCHT OT
THna
KO
H COCTaBJIHeT
06hl'lHO
9~lO
aTM.
H
6onee).lI.o
1,5
aTM.
06PalyroW.HHCJI
B
cenapaTO
nap,
cB060.ll.HhIH OT
npHMeceH,
co.ll.eplKalll.HXCH B KOTJlOBOH BO.ll.e,
OTBO.lI.HTCH
B n
ROe
npoCTpaHCTBO
.lI.ea.3paTopa.
r,ne
CMeWHBaeTCJI C nHTaTeJll,HOH
BO.lI.OH.
npH
ee
a.3pauHH
H B03Bpam.aeTCH B
Koren.
HeHcnapHBwaJlCJI
"IaCTh npo)J.yBO'IHOH
BO.lI.bl
nOBhlmeHHhIM
CO.ll.eplKaHHeM
npHMeceH
H paCTBOpeHHhlX COJleH
(paccon)
Hanp;
eTCJI B nO.ll.orpeBaTeJIh ChiPOH BO,llhI,
r,ne
OT.lI.aeT
CBoe
Tenno.
OxnalK,neHHaJI
npo,
BO'iHaJI Bo,na c6paChlBaeTCJI B .lI.PeHalK.
3.2.8.
Pezyllupo6aH
ue
melfllonompe611eHUR
lloTPe6HOCTb
B
TennOTe
y
palJIH"IHhIX
a60HeHTOB
MeHlIeTCJI B 3aBHCHMOCTH
MeTeoponOrH'leCKHX
ycnoBHH,
pacxo.ll.a
BO,llhl
Ha
ropllqee
BO.ll.OCHa6lKeHHe,
pe
pa60ThI
TeXHOnOrnqeCKoro
o6opy,nOBaHRlI
II
.lI.PYrHX
CP8KTOPOB.
lliMeHeHHe
KonH
CTBa
TennOThI,
n01(aBaeMOH
nOTPe6HTeJ1l1M B COOTBeTCTBHH C
HX
rpacpHKaMH
Tenn
nOTPOOneHHJI,
ocymeCTBJIJleTCli
CHCTeMOH
perynllpOBaHRlI.
Pa3J1H'1a1OT ueHTPaJIbHi
MecTHoe
H HH)J.HBH)J.yaJIhHOe
perynHpoBaHHe
Tennon0Tpe6neHRlI.
l{eHmPaflbHOe
ZYJlUpo6QHUe
npoH3BO)J.HTCSI B
HCroqHHKax
TennocHa6lKeHIDI
(Ha
T3l.{
UJIH B
Koren
HhIX),
MeCmHDe
-
Ha
UeHTPaJIhHhIX HJIH MeCTHhIX
rennOBhlX
nYUKTax,
a UHOU8Uo.
aJlbHOe
• Henocpe.ll.CTBeHHO
Ha
TennonoTPC6JIl11OI1J,HX
npH60pax.
llpH
PalHOPO.ll.HI>'
TennOBhlX
HarpYlKax
ueHTPaJIhHOe
peryJlHpOBaHHe
npHHHMaeTCJI
no
OCHOBHOn H
rpYlKe,
a
1(J1J1
perynHpoBaHHlI
.lI.pyrHX
BH.lI.OB
HarpY30K
npHMeHlleTCJI
MecTHoe
u
HH.lI.HBH.lI.YaJIbHOe
perynHpOBaHHe.
TaKoe
CO'leTaHHe .lI.Byx UJIH
Tpex
cryneHeH
Hal
BaeTCJI
KOM6uHupOSaHHbI.M
peZ)IflUpOSaHUeM.
Bot}RH6Ie
cemu
B BO)J.jlHhIX
TennOBblX
CeTJIX OCHOBHoe
perynHpoBaHHe
OTnYCKa TenJlOT:
OCym.ecTBJIllIOT
ueHTPaJIhHO.
npH
He06xo1(HMOCTH,
1(J111
KoppeK'l'HpoBaHHJI
I..{e
TPaJIbHOro
peryJIHpoBaHRlI,
B BO)J.jlHhIX
TenJlOBhIX
CeTJlX MOlKeT npQBo,nHThCJ[
.lI.
nOnHHTeJlhHOe
MeCTHoe
UJIH HH)J.HBH,nYaJIhHOe
perynHpOBaHHe.
KOnH"IeCTBO TenJlOTbI
Q,
nocrynarow.en
nOTpe6HTenIO
3a
BpeM1l
ero
pa60TbI
'1aCOB,
1(J1J1
BO)J.jlHhIX
TennOBhIX
CeTeH onpe.ll.eJIlleTCJI BhlpaJKeHHeM
32
Q =
GC(tl
'2)n,
(3.17)
'AI
C/
~
paCXO.ll. TennOHOCHTeJllf (BO,nbI),
Kr/"I;
C MaCCOBaJI
TennoeMKOCTh
BO)J.bI,
paB-
I
KKaJI/Kr·oC;
II
H
12
-
TeMneparypa
TennOHOCHTeJlH
Ha
BX0.ll.e H BhlXO.ll.e H3
Ten-
Oml'l'pe6J1HIOw.ero
npH60pa,
°C.
1-13
Bhlpa)f{eHHH (3.17) CJIe.ll.yeT, "ITO B BO)J.jlHbJX
TenJlOBhIX
ceTHX
TennoBYIO
Ha-
1KY
B
npHHUHne
MOlKHO
peryJlHpOBaTb
]a
C"IeT
H3MeHeHHlI:
TeMneparypbI
TenJIOHOCHTenlf,
nO.ll.aBaeMoro
B TennonoTpe6J1111OW.HH
npH60p
II;
plIcxo.ll.a TennOHOCHTeJIll
G;
npo,ll.OJl)f{HTenbHOCTH
pa60TbI
TennonOTPe6JIlIlOw.ero
npH60pa
n.
B BO,nHHhJX CHCTeMax
TennOCHa6)f{eHHH
HaH60JIhlllee
pacnpocTPaHeHHe
no-
HlUl
.lI.Ba
Mero,na
perynHpoBaHHH:
-
KQ'leCm6eHHoe,
npH
KOTOPOM
oTnycK
TennOTbl
perynHpylOT
]a
C'IeT
H3Melle-
III
l'CMneparyphi
TennOHOCHTeJlH
Ha
BXO.ll.e B
a60HeHTCKHe
YCTaHOBKH,
cOXpaHlIlI
M'JMeHHhIM
ero
pacxo,n;
-
KOllU'leCm6eHHDe,
Kor)J.a H3MeHJlIOT
pacxo1(
TennOHOCHTeJlH, COXPaHJUI
HeH3-
Hlloti
TeMneparypy
Ha
BBO.lI.e
B
YCTaHoBKH;
OcHOBHblM
1(OCTOHHCTBOM
Ka"lecTBeHHoro
peryJIHpoBaHHJI
lIBJ111eTCJI
CTa6Hnh-
1'1'1>
rH)J.paBJIH'leCKoro
pelKHMa
rennOBOH
CeTH.
O~8J(O
pacxO.ll. 3J1eKTpO:meprnH
Ha
KU"IKY
rennOHOCHTeJ1Jl
npH
Ka"leCTBeHHOM
perynHpOBaHHH
60Jlbllle,
'1eM
npH
Ko-
eCTBeHHOM.
rIPH
KOnH'lecTBeHHOM
perynHpoBaHHH
YMeHbllleHHe
pacxo.ll.a
BO,llhI npHBO)J.HT K
H<feHHlO nepena)J.a
reMneparyp,
a CJle.ll.OBaTeJlhHO, H nJlOTHOCTeH BO,nbl B
OTOnH-
IoIILlx
npH60pax
H CTOJlKax H COOTBeTCTByrom.eMY
B03paCTaHHIO
rpaBHTaUHOHHo-
nepella)J.a ,naBJIeHHH..
):VIg
palHhIX
3TaJKeH 3.l1.aHIDI
H3MeHeHHe
rpaBHTaUHoHHOro
fla)J.a ,naBJIeHHH
OKalhiBaeTCli
PalJIH'IHhIM,
H
n03ToMY
B03HHKaeT
6epmUKaJlbHaR
up06Ka:
HeO)J.HHaKOBOe
H3MeHeHHe
pacxo1(a
BO)J.b1
"Iepel
OTOnHTeJlbHbJe
OPhl,
pacnOJlOlKeHHhIe
Ha
palHhIX
na)f{ax.
3Ta
palperyJlHpOBKa
TeM
CUJIhHee,
M
Bhlwe
3.l1.aHHe
H '1eM
MeHbme
paC'feTHhlH
nepen8.ll.
.lI.aBJIeHHH B OTOnHTeJlhHOH
'T.HOBKe.
llo
3TOH
npH"IHHe
06nacTb
HCnOJlh30BaHHJI
KOJlH"IecTBeHHoro
perynHpo-
IHII
orpaHH'IeHa.
KaK
OTMeqaJIOCh
paHee,
ueHTPaJIhHoe
peryJIHpOBaHHe
06hlqHO
npOH3BO.lI.HTCli
OCHOBHOH
HarpYlKe,
KOTOPOH B BO)J.jlHhlX
TenJIOBhlX
CeTliX
lIBJIliIOTCli CHCTeMhI
't)IIJleHHlI H BeHTUJIJlI..{HH.
KaqecTBeHHoe
ueHTPaJIbHOe
perynHpOBaHHe
1(J1J1
c'reM
OTOnneHHJI H BeHTUJIlIUHH npOH3Bo,nHTCli
no
meMnepamypHbI.M
Zpa¢UKaM
He.
3.12).
33
•
I
so
1;,.
oc
15(V70
140
140'70
130
13QI7O
120
120170
},-
110
llano
100
1---+---7'Y:.,..o":;;,t""':;;;"""';""';
901---t-~~~~~~~~~
801---~~~~,,,,,,,~~~-~
70
60
so
40
3O~
20
10
0'
'
.....
"C
+10
0
-1.0
~
.ao
PHC.
3.12.
TeMnepaTYpHhle
rpa$HKH
Ka'JeeTBeHlfOro
peryJlHpoBaml1i
OTOnJleHHII
H
BeHTHJlIIQHH
HarpYlKa
OTonneHHSI
If
BeHTHJISll.(HH 3aBHCHT OT
TeMnepal)'pLI
HapV'lI<"Hot
B03)l.yXa.
TeMnepa-rypHLIii
rpa4>lfK
onpe,IJ.enSleT
He06xo)l.HMYID
TeMnepal)'pY
HOCHTeml B nO,IJ.aIOw;eM H
06paTHoM
TPy60npoBO,lJ.e CHCTeMLI
TennocHa6)1(eHHR
B
BHCHMOCTH OT
TeMnepal)'pLI
Hap~Horo
B03)l.yXa. CYlLl.eCTByeT ceMeitCTBO
TeMnep
l)'pHhlX
rpa4>HKoB,
OTnHIJaIOW;HXCSI ,D.pyr OT ,lJ.pyra MaKCHMaJIhHOH
TeMnepa1)'p(
TennOHOCHTenSl B nO,IJ.aIOw;eM TPy60npoBO,lJ.e.
Bhl60p
roro
HJIH
HHOro
rpa4>HKa
lLl.ecTBnSleTcSI
npH
npoeKTHpOBaHHH
CHCTeMbI
oronneHHR
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT
BaHHH, onpe,IJ.enSJeMhlX
HCro'lHHKaMH
H nOTPe6HTenSlMH
TenJIa.
.
lIapos",e
cemu
KOJIH'IeCTBO
TenJIOThl
Q,
noc-rynaIOw;eii
nOTPe6menIo
3a
BpeMSI
ero
pa60TbI
'IaCOB,
)J.JlR
napoBbIX
TennOBbIX
CeTeR
onpe,IJ.enSleTCSI
ShlpB)l(eHHeM
Q=
G(if
i2)n,
(3.1
r,IJ.e
G -
paCXO,IJ.
TenJIOHOCHTeJIR (BO,IJ.bI),
Kr/'l;
i
l
H
i2
- :)HTaJIhnHR (TenJIocO,IJ.ep)l(aHH
napa
Ha
BXO,ll,e H KOH,IJ.eHCaTa
Ha
BLIXO,IJ.e
H3
TenJIonOTPe6nSlIDw;ero
npH60pa,
KKaJI/K
3HTaJIhnHR
napa
3aBHCHT
OT
TeMnepal)'pLJ
H
,lJ.aBJIeHHSI
napa.
BeJIH'IHHY
:)
TaJILnlflf
onpe,IJ.emIIDT
no
cnpaSO'lHhlM
Ta6JIHuaM
(Ta6nHLl.hI M.n.
BYKaJIOBH'Ia).
TaK
KaK TennOCO,IJ.ep)l(aHHe
napa
3aSHCHT
He
roJILKO
OT
TeMnepal)'phl,
HO
H
3Ha'lHTeJIhHOH CTeneHH
OT
,lJ.aBJIemUI
napa,
B
napoBhIX
cHCTeMax
TenJIOCHa6)1(eHHR, K
npaBHJIO, OCYW;ecTBnSleTCSI TOJIbKO
MecTHoe
peryJIHpOBaHHe
OTnYCKa TenJIOThl
)J.)'IDW;lfMIf CnOC06aMH:
- KOJlU'leCm6eHHoe,
npH
KOTOPOM
HlMeIDnOT
pacxo,IJ.
napa
HenOCpe,Il,CTBeHHO Y
JIOnOTPe6nS1IDw;ero
nplf60pa
(TeXHOJIOrn'lecKoe
060pY,lJ.oBaHHe);
~tlT
B COCTaB npoH3Be,IJ.eHHoit npo)J.)'Kl.(HH
(nap,
nHw;eBble
npo)J.)'KTbI H T.
n.).
no
npHHwmy
opramoal.(HH
HcnOnh30BaHHR
npHpO,IJ.HOH
BO,IJ.hl
B
cHcTeMax
BO-
IOOHaC:i)l(eHHR
pa3nHIJaIOT
CJIe,D.ylOw:ne
cxeMhl
BO,IJ.OCHa6)1(eHHR
)J.JlSl
npOMhlmneHHhIX
IIPHSlTHH (PHC. 3.13):
nplIMoro'lHbIe;
onOcne,IJ.OBaTenbHhlM HCnOJIh30BaHHeM
BO,IJ.hI;
o&pO'fHhle;
.'CKOJlHhle
6eCCTO'lHbIe;
lIpSlMoTo'lHhle
cxeMLI
(PHC.
3.13, a)
HaH60JIee
npOCThI
H ,lJ.eWeBhl,
O,IJ.HaKO
no-
JleHHe
BO,Il,hI
H3
HCTO'lHHKa
BO,IJ.OCHa6)1(eHHSI
nHMH
CHCTeMaMH MaKCHMaJIhHO.
IIIMbl
C nOCne,IJ.OBaTeJIhHLIM
HCnOJIL30SaHlfeM
BO,IJ.LI,
060pOTHLIe
H KaCKa,Il,Hhle
cxe-
It!
IIptlMeHSlIDT C
ueJILID
CHH)I(eHHR
nOTpe6JIeHHR
BO,IJ.hl
3a
C'IeT
ee
nOBTopHOro
HC-
Oll1>10BaHHH B
TeXHOJIOrn'leCKHX
npoueccax.
3.3.
CHcTeMbi
BO,ll,OCHa6lKeHHH
3..1.1.
Ha:JHa.,eHue,
cocmas
u cxeM'"
sooocHa631CeHUR
npOM"'UlJleIflIOZO
npeonpURmUII
('ucmeMa
6O()ocHa6:JICeHUR - KOMnJIeKC
cooPY)I(eHHii,
060PY,lJ.oBaHHlt H
Tpy60-
IIIIO.O)~OB,
06eCne'lHBaIOILl.HH
3a6op
npHpO)J.HOH
BO,IJ.h!
H3
HCTO'lHHKa,
ee
O<JHCTKY,
1*nI)l(/(CHHe,
Cnel.(HaJIhH)'lO
06pa60TI(Y,
TPaHcnopTHpoBKY
H
nO,IJ.a<JY
nOTPe6HTenltM,
"JOKe
npHeM
0TPa60TaBWeH
BO,IJ.M
H nO,IJ.rOTOBKY
ee
,lJ.JISI
nOBTOpHoro
HCnOJIh30Ba-
CHCTeM
BO,IJ.OCHa6)1(eHHR
HCnOJIh3YeTCSI
BO,IJ.a
H3
nOBepXHOCTHhlX
H no,ll,-
hlX HCTO'lHHKOB.
Or
70
,lJ.O
85
%
BO)J.LI,
noc-rynaIDllleH
H3 CHCTeMbI BO,IJ.OCHa6)1(eHHlt
npoMhlW-
npe,IJ.npHRTHR, HCnOJIb3yeTClt
Ha
npe,IJ.npHRTHRX B
KaqeCTBe
XJla()oHocUmeJlR,
IIo1II*)J.QIDmero pa3JIH'"IH)'IO npo,IJ.yKUHID B
TenJIo06MeHHLIx
annapaTax
HJIH
3a1Ll.H-
OT)l,eJILHLle :)JIeMeHTLI YCTaHOBOK H
MaWHH
OT
qpe3MepHoro
HarpeBa.
3Ta
II
npouecce
HCnOJIh30BaHHlt HarpeBaeTCSI, HO
He
3arpR3HReTCK oxna)I()J.aeMOH
Or 5
,lJ.O
12
%
BO)J.LI
HCnOJIL3YeTCll B Ka'"leCTBe Cpe,IJ.LI, OTMbIBaIOlLl.eii
npo,ll,yK-
HnH
chlphe
OT
npHMeceii,
HJIH B
Ka'leCTBe
TPaHcnopTHPYIDmeii
Cpe)J.bI.
3Ta
BO,Il,a
npol\ccce
HcnonblOBaHHR
3arpR3HReTCSI
npHMecRMH
MaTepHaJIOB
H
Cblphlt
H
Harpe-
ecJIH MaTePHaJILI, C
KOropLIMH
OHa
KOHTaKTHpyeT,
HMelOT
nOBLIweHHYID
Or 10,IJ.0
20
% BO)J.bITePReTCR
3a
C'IeT
IfCnapeHlUl:
(-ryweHHe
KOKca
H T.
n.)
HllH
-
nponycKaMU
-
H3MeHeHHeM
'1HCJIa 'JaCOB
pa60ThI
TenJIOnO~JISlIDw;ero
npH60pl
3a
C'JeT
ero
nepHo,lJ.H'leCKoro
OTKJIK)'1eHHR.
35
34
PHC.
3.13.
CxeMa
HCDOJIL30BaUUB
TeXHU'IeeKOii
BO.llLl B
CHCTeMax
DpOH3BO~c:TBeHHOro
BO~OCHa6*eHHB:
a -
npHMOmO'lHaJl;
6 -
nOCJle006ameJlbHOZO
UcnOJlb306aHUR
800bl; 8 - o60pomHaJl; Z -
I>:QCI>:QO,
6eccmo'lHaJl;
1 - 80003a60pHble
COOpy.NCeHUR;
2 -
HaCOCHaJl
CmaH/iUR
nepeozo
noO'beMa;
3 - cmaH/iWl
O'lUC,
npupooHoii 800&!; 4 -
pe3ep6Yi1p
O'lUlqeHHOii
800bl; 5 -
HOCOCHaJl
CmaH/iUR
8mopozo
no,
6 -
cmaHlfUR
O'lUCmk"U
3a2pR3HeHHblX
cmm:06; 7 -
HaCOCHaJl
CmaH/iWl
menJIoii 06opomHoii
8,
8 -
OXJUl;)tci)alOlque
ycmpoiicm8a o6opomHoii 800bl;
ill
• nompe6umeJlu, y
1>:0mopblX
800a 8
"ecce
UCnOJlb306aHWl
Hazpe8aemCJl;
il2
- nompe6umenu. y
J:OmopblX
8000
8 npDlfecce
UCnOJlb.
HWl
3azpR3HRemCll;
il3
. nompe6umenu, y
1>:0mopblX
8000 8 npolftcce ucnOllb306aHWl
Hazpeeae,
u
3azpR3llJ1emcJl;
114
- nompe6umellu, y
J:omopblX
8000 6e38038pamno
ucnOJ/b3)lemCll
Ha
cm80 napa;
il5
- nompe6umenu, y
J:omopblX
8000
6e38038pamHO
UCnollb3)lemcJl
(npoOYKmbl
HWl
u m.n.); XBD - cmaH/iWl
YMRZ'leHUR
800bl; I - 8000
'lUCmaJl
XOJloOHaJl;
II
- 800a
3azpJl3HeH
XOJ/OOHaJl;
m -800a
'1ucmaJl
HazpemaJl;
IV·
- 800a
3azpR3HeHHaJl
HazpemaJl; V -
npOOY80'lHaJl
8,
06opomHblX /iUlal06
B
cxeMax
C nOCJle,nOaaTeJlbHbIM HCnOJlb30BaHHeM BO,nbI (PHC. 3.13, 6)
Bo,na
n01pe6HTeJleH,
y KOTOPbIX OHa
IICnOJlb3yeTcH
TOJlbKO KaK xna,nOHOCIITeJlb,
T.e.
TOJ]:
KO
HarpeBaeTCH,
He
3arpH3H.1UICb
nplI
3TOM, nOBTOpHO
IICnOJlb3yeTcH
):{JIH
n01'pe61ITI
Jlen,
y KOTOPbIX Bo,na
HcnoJlh3YeTCH
):{JIH
OTMblBKH
npo.nyKUHII
H
3arpH3HHeTcH.
TaK)!(e
):{JIH
nlITaHIIH
KOTJlOB
II
aHaJIOrH'lHbIX
YCTaHOBOK,
'ITO
CHII)!(aeT
n01'pe6JleH
cBexeH
BO,nb!.
B
cxeMax
060pOTHoro
Bo,nocHa6)!(eHII}I
(pHC.
3.13, 6) Bo,na
MHOrOKpaTHO
H
nOJlb3yeTcH
B TeXHOJlOrlI1feCKIIX
npOl.\eccax.
lIocJle
IICnOJlb30BaHIIH
Bo,na
oxnax.n;
eTCH H
O'llImaeTCH,
nOCJle
'1ero
onHTb
HanpaBJIHeTCH
Ha
TeXHOJlOrH1feCKlIe Hy)K):{
qacTb
BO,nbI,
Ka'leCTBO
KOTOPOH nOCJle
ee
HCnOJlb30BaHmi
He
y,nOBJIeTBOpHeT
TeXH
JlOrn1feCKIIM
1pe60BaHmiM
(HanpHMep
npo,nYB01fHalI
Bo,na
CIICTeMbI
oxna)!():{eH
o60poTHOH
BO,nbI),
c6paCblBaeTClI
B BII,ne CTOKOB.
,lVuI
KOMneHcaulIH
CTOKOB, a
36
.
"~IO'IHpaTHO
IICnOJIb3yeMoH
BO,nbl,
ocymeCTBJlHeTCH
nO,nnHTKa
CIICTeMbl OOOPOTHo-
ro
IO/\OCHa6xeHIIH
CBeXen
BO,nOH
H3
IICT01fHHKa
BO,nOCHa6xeHHH.
B
npouecce
HCnOJlb30BaHIIH BO,nbl B
CXeMaX
OOOPOTHoro
BO,nOCHa6xeHIIH B
IIJHCI1MOCTH
OT
H3MeHeHmi
Ka1feCTBa BO,nbl BbI,neJIHIOT
"'lUCmble"
U
"cpR3Hble"
UHK-
11l1li.
B
"'1HCTbIX"
U"KJI3X
BO,na
nplI
IICnOJIb30BaHIIH
TOJlbKO
HarpeBaeTCH
(puc.
3.13,
6,
MMKJI
A), B
"rpH3HbIX"
UHKJlax
Bo,na
npH
IICnOJlb30BaHIIH
TOJlbKO 3arpH3HHeTCH
Me.
3.13,
6,
U"KJI
E)
IIJlII
O.lUiOBpeMeHHo
II
3arpH3HHeTCH
II
HarpeBaeTCH
. 3.13,6,
U"KJI
B).
CHCTeMa
C KaCKa,nHbIM
HCnOJlb30BaHHeM
BO,nbI
(pIIC.
3.13, c)
06be,nIIHHeT
JlO-
IIJu.llbie
cxeMbI
060poTHoro
Bo,nocHa6xeHHH,
oTKpblBaeT
,nonOJlHHTeJlbHble
B03-
MtnKIiOcTH
.zuUI
CHHXeHmI
n01'pe6JleHIIH
CBexeH
BO,nbI, a
TaKXe
C03,naHmi
6eccTO'I-
WI<
CHCTeM
Bo,nocHa6xeHmI
npe,nnpmlTlIH.
B 3T1IX
clIcTeMax
npo,nYB01fHalI
Bo,na
"f(HCTbIX" UHKJIOB
IICnOJlb3yeTcH
):{JIH
no,nnHTKH
"rpH3HbIX"
UIIKJIOB H
COKpamaeT
no-
,f';JlCHHe
IIMII
CBe)!(eH BO,nbI.
ECJlII
npo.nyBKa
"1fHCTblX"
UHKJIOB
npeBbIUIaeT
06-
~KI
nOTpe6HocTb
"rpH3HbIX"
UIIKJIOB B CBe)l('eH Bo,ne, TO
ee
1I36b1TOK
MoxeT
Ha-
fIPIlJlJlTbCH
Ha
XlIMBO,nOO1fHCTKy ,nJIJl
YMHrqeHmI
II
HCnOJlb30BaHIIH
):{JIH
nHTaHmi
IIOTJI09
H
aHaJIOrn1fHblX
YCTaHOBOK,
6e3B03BpaTHO
n01'pe6AA1OIUHX
BO,ny.
lIpo,nYB01f-
IC)IKI 1l0.ny
"rpH3HbIX"
UHKJIOB CJle.nyeT
HCnOJlb30BaTb
.zum
HYx,n
npoueCCOB
C
6e3B03-
,'t1b1M
Bo,nono1'pe6JleHlIeM
H OTCYTCTBlIeM )l('eCTKHX
1pe60BaHIIH
K
Ka'leCTBY
BO,nbI
~IIlCHlIe
KOKca
H
T.n.).
3.3.2.
HllcocH",e
cmllHquu
O6lqiUI
XIlpllKmepUCmUKll
HIlCOCHWX
cmoHquii
HaCOCHalI
CTaHUmi
CIICTeMbI
Bo,nOCHa6xeHHH
-
KOMnneKC
coopyxeHHH
H
060-
p)*/loBaHmI,
o6ecne1fHBaJOUlHH
BO,nono,na1fY B COOTBeTCTBHH C
~H
nOTpe6HTe-
••
B COCTaB HaCOCHOH CTaHQHH
BXOAliT
o,nHa
HJIM HeCKOJIbKO HaCOCHbIX YCTaHOBOK,
• TIIK)!(e
BcnOMoraTeJlbHbIe
CHCTeMbl H
06opy,noBaHHe,
6blToBbIe
II
npoH3Bo,nCTBeH-
t(wc
nOMemeHmI,
OOeCne1fHBaJOmHe
pa60Tocnoc06HoCTb
06beKTa
B ueJlOM.
HacocHbIe
CTaHUMH CHCTeM
Bo,nocHa6)!(eHHH
(HacocHble
Bo,nonpoBo,nHbIe
IT.IIUlin) B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT MeCTa,
3aHHMaeMoro
B
06IUeH
cxeMe
Bo,nocHa6xeHmI,
OtIpa3)leJlllIOT
Ha
CTaHUIIH
I,
II
no,nbeMa
H
nOBbICHTeJlbHbIe.
HacocHalI
CTaHQmI
I
no,nbeMa
3a6HpaeT
BO,ny
H3
HCT01fHIIKa
Bo,nOCHa6)!(eHmI
1'1)1(8,
03epo,
Bo,noxpaHHJlHIUe,
apTe3HaHCKalI
CKBa)!(HHa
H
T.n.)
H
no,naeT
ee
Ha
0'l1I-
rUble
coopyxeHIIH.
HacOCHalI
cTaHUIIH
II
no,nbeMa
no,naeT
BO,ny 1I3
pe3epByapoB
HCTOH
BO,nbI B
pacnpe,neJlHTeJlbHYJO
CeTb.
B
Tex
CJlY1fallX,
Kor,na
pa3BIIBaeMOe
Haco-
IIMH
cTaHQHH
,naBJIeHHe He,nOCTaT01fHO
):{JIH
no,n'beMa
BO,nhl
Ha
1'pe6yeMYJO
BbICOTY,
O(lPY)!(aJOTClI
nOBbICIITeJlbHbIe
HaCOCHbIe
CTaHQIIH
(CTaHUHH
no,nKa1fKII).
HacocHbIe
C'I'UHOBKH
3THX
CTaHUHH yaeJlH1fIIBaJOT
Hanop
B
ceTII,
3a6Hpall
BO,ny 1I3
O,nHOro
yqa-
"KG
BO,nonpoBO.lUiOH
CeTlI
H
no,naBalI
ee
B
,npyroH.
lIPH
3TOM
3a60p
BO,nbI
MOXeT
Cyll~ecTBJIHTbCH
KaK
1fepe3
npOMexyrO'lHbIe
pe3epByaphl,
KOTopbIe
BbInOllHRlOT
37
tPYHKUHH
perynHpyromHx
eMKOCTeH,
TaK
H
6e3
HHX. B nOCne.ll.HeM
cnyqae
pa6oTalOT
no
cxeMe
"H3
Tpy6bl
B
TPy6y".
B
06meM
cnyqae
BO.ll.OnpOBO.ll.Ha'l CTaHUH'l MO)KeT
HMeTb
B CBoeM COCTaBe
TpH
THna
HaCOCHbIX CTaHUHH.
YnpomeHHaSI
CTPYKTyPHaSI
cxeMa
TaKOH CTaHUHH
KalaHa
Ha
pHC.
3.14.
2
3
4
Pac.
3.3.2. CTPYKTYPHaB
CJ:eMa
BO.!lOnpOBO)Uloil CTlIHIlHH:
1 - soiJo3aoopHoe
COOpy:HCeHue;
2 -
HaCOCHaJI
cmaHIfWi rnoObeMa; 3 -
HaCOCHaJI
cmaHI{WI
HUmeJIbH02fJ
noobeMa: 4 -
O'lUCmHble
COOpyJtceHWI;
5 - pe3epsyapbl '1ucmoii
BoOb!;
6
cmaHIfWi
II
noiJbeMa
HaCOCHU
CTaHUH'l
I nO.ll.'beMa 2
3a6HpaeT
IIO.llY H3
HCTO'lHHKa
IIO.Il.OCHa6)KeHH
'lepe3
Bo,n03a60pHoe
coop)')KeHHe
1, H
no,naeT
ee
Ha
O'lHCTHble
coop)')KeHH'l
4. B
c.II)"lux,
Kor,na
,naBJleHHe,
palBHBaeMoe
HaCOcaMH I
no,n'beMa
He,nOCTaTOqHO
no,n'beMa
IIO,nbl
Ha
TPooyeMYIO
BbICOTy, coop)')KaeTC.II
nOBblCHTenbHU
HacOCH3
CTaHl(HH,
HalbIBaeMaSI
CTaHUHeH oonollHumeJlbHOZO noo'beMa
3.
BO.ll.a H3 CHCTeMbl BO.ll.OCHa6)KeHH'l
nocTynaeT
B
pe3epByapbI
"HCTOH
BO,nbI,
llaCOCHbIMH
arperaTaMH
no,naeTC'l
06paTHo
B CHCTeMY
npH
Heo6xo,nHMOM
Ycmpoiicm80
U OCl108H6,e
xapaKmepUCmUKu
HaCOC08
Ilacoc
- rH,npaBnHqeCKaSI
MaIIIHHa,
C03,nalOmaSI
HanopHoe
nepeMemeHHe
)KH,n-
IIpH
co06meHHH
eH
3HeprnH.
If
a HaCOCHbIX CTaHUHHX CHCTeM
Bo,nocHa6)KeHHH
HaH60nbIIIee
pacnpoCTPaHe-
lIonY"HnH
nOnaCTHble
HaCOCbI H
ueHTP06e)KHble
HaCOCbI (PHC. 3.16).
I
3
4
PRe. 3.16.
CxeMa
ueHTPo6elKHOro
Hacoca:
I -
KOprryC
Hococa; 2-paOo'lee KOlleco; 3 - nampy60K
scaCbilsalOzqezo
mpy60nposoiJa;
" - nampyOol( Hanopuozo mpy6onpOBoOa
B
O'lHCTHble
coop)')KeHHH
IIO,nOnpoIlO,nHOH CTaHUHH
BXOMT
CMeCHTenb,
npoHcxo)UlT
nepIlOHa'laJIbHoe
06e33ap3)KHBaHHe
IIO,nbl
xnOpoM
HJlH
030HOM,
OCBeT
nHTenH
H OTCTOHHHKH, oCB06o)K,llalOIII.He BO,ny
OT
OCHOBHOro fCOnH'leCTBa
oKpaili
BaIOmHX
H
B3BeIIIeHHbIX
npHMeceH,
H
nec'laHLle
CPHJIbTPbI, oCYIUeCTBJlHIOIUHe OKOH
'laTenbHoe
OCBeTneHHe BO,nLI.
Ha
palHblX
CTa,nHIIX O'lHCTKH IIO,nbl B
Hee
,n06aBJ1'l1OTC
peareHTbI,
yqaCTBYIOIUHe
B
TeXHOnOmqeCKOM
npouecce
O'lHCTKH, KOTOpLle
npHm
TaBJlHBalOTCH
Cnel(HaJIbHblMH
X03HHCTBaMH O'lHCTHLIX COOp)')KeHHH
(xnopaTopH
peareHTHoe
X03HHCTBO), H CMeIIIHBaIOTCH C
IIO.Il.OH
C
nOMoIUbIO
CHCTeMbI nO.ll.Ka'lH
BaIOIUHX HaCOCOB.
IIocne
neC'laHbIX
CPHJIbTPOB
O'lHCTHblX
coopY)KeHHH
BO.ll.a
no
BTOPHO xnOPHPYeTCH H
nOCTynaeT
B
pe3epByapbI
qHCTOR BO.ll.bl 5, OTKY.ll.a HaCOCHO
CTaHUHeii:
II
nO.ll.'beMa 6 no,naeTCH B
ropo,ncKJIO
ceTL.
IIOBLlcHTenbHLle
HaCOCHble CTaHUHH B CHCTeMe BO.ll.OCHa6)KeHH'l
MoryT
cyme
CTBOB3TL H He3aBHCHMO OT BO.ll.OnpOBO.ll.HbIX CTaHUHH,
no,naIOIUHX
BO.ll.Y
B CHCTe
Bo,nocHa6)KeHHH.
qacTo
nOBbICHTenbHLle
CTaHUHH COOPY)KaIOTC.II
,nml
nOBhlIIIeHH
Hanopa
B Y.ll.aJIeHHbIX OT HCTO'lHHKa Bo,noCHa6)KeHH'l
yqacTKax
ceTH.
CTPYKTypHa
cxeMa
TaKOH CTaHUHH
nOKa3aHa
Ha
pHC.
3.15.
l(eHTpo6e)KHbIH
Hacoc
HMeeT
Kopnyc
CnHpaJILHOH
tPOPMLI, BHJTPH KOTOPOro
XOJ\HTC.II
3aKpenneHHoe
Ha
BaJIY
pa6o'lee
KOlleco.
Pa60qee
Koneco
COCTOHT
H3
,nByx
CKOB,
Me)K,lly KOTOPblMH pacnOJlOJKeHbl
nonaCTH.
Kopnyc
Hacoca
coe,nHHeH
naT-
KWH
C BCaCblBaIOIII.HM H
HanopHLIM
Tpy60npoBo,nOM.
EcnH
Kopnyc
Hacoca
Ha-
OJlIIHTb )KH,lIKOCTLIO, a 3aTeM
npHBeCTH
BO
BpaIUeHHe
pa60'lee
Koneco,
TO
)KH.Il.KOCTL
0,11
l\eikTBHeM
nOnaCTeH
pa60qero
Koneca
npHXO.ll.HT
BO
BpaIUeHHe.
l(eHTpo6e)KHble
MJlhl
nepeMemalOT
)KH.Il.KOCTL
Ha
nepHcpepHIO,
r.ll.e
C03.1l.aeTC.II
nOBblIIIeHHoe
,naBne-
Me,
1\
B
ueHTPe
Koneca
-
pa3peJKeHHe.
3a
CqeT
3TOR Pa3HOCTH ,naBneHHH )KH.Il,KOCTL
DCTynaeT B
HanopHbIH
TPy60npoBo,n.
.
,lVr'l
npHBO.ll.a HaCOCOB
Hcnonb3YlOTcH
npeHMYIUeCTBeHHO
aCHHxpoHHLle
KO-
TK03aMKHYThle H
CHHxpoHHbIe
,nBHraTeJIH
nepeMeHHoro
TOKa KaK HH3KOBOJIbTHLle
~K()·660
B),
TaK
H BLICOKOBOJILTHble (6-10 KS).
OCH08HblMU napQMempaMu,
xapaKTepH3YIOmHMH
pa60Ty
Hacoca,
HBn'lIOTC'l
_Ol1l1~la
Q.
Hanop
H,
nOTPe6JUleMaH MOIUHOCTb
N,
Ko~cpHUHeHT
none3Horo
,neHcT-
1'\
H
qHCno
060POTOB
n. 113
YKa3aHHbIX
napaM~OB
no,naqa
H qHeJIO
06opoTOB
BO)la
113
CHCTeMhl
BO,lla
B CIiCTeMY
".lUlIOTC.II
He3aBHCHMbIMH
nepeMeHHLIMH,
OCTaJIbHLle -
HX
CPYHKUHHMH.
BO)!'OClla6xceHIIJI
BO.!lOCHa6xceHIIJI
XapaKmepucmuKU
HaCOC06
oT06pa)KalOT
B3aHMOCBSl3L
napaMeTpoB
Hacoca
B
PRe.
3.1S. CTPYKTYPHaIi
CJ:eMa
nOJlK8'1HB8IOmel CTlIHIlHR:
pe)KHMax
pa60TLI.
XapaKTepHCTHKH
06bIqHO
npe,nCTaanSlIOTC.II B BH,ne
1 - uaKonUmellbHb!U pe3epsyap; 2 -
nOSblcume.tbHaJI
HaCOCHaJI
CmaHI{UJI
IKUHOHaJIbHblX 3aBHCHMOCTeH
Hanopa.
MOIUHOCTH H
KII.n
OT
nO.ll.aqH
Hacoca
npH
39
38