The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011. World Economic Forum Geneva
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373
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership........................................7
1.02 Property rights ..................................................................17
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ......................................14
1.04 Visa requirements*...........................................................22
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ..............40
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ......................34
1.07 Time required to start a business* ..................................50
1.08 Cost to start a business* ...................................................
7
1.09 GATS commitments* .......................................................65
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation............................18
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ........................19
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development.....................66
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ............................................106
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* ...................................12
2.06 Threatened species* .......................................................12
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ....................................
10
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism..............................................99
3.02 Reliability of police services..............................................31
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................55
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ......................................................
9
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* ...........................................................51
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ........................................
1
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* .................................1
4.04 Hospital beds* .................................................................44
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry .................63
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ........................................84
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.........................43
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*........................22
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ......46
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................34
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* ...............................17
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ............................
2
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* ...................................23
6.05 Airport density* ................................................................45
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ............................................
3
6.07 International air transport network ....................................9
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ................................................................35
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure .......................................19
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ............................................23
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ................................27
7.05 Road density* ...................................................................17
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ....................................................................30
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*..........................
1
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*.............................................18
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................6
9.02 Internet users* ...................................................................7
9.03 Telephone lines*...............................................................13
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* .....................................12
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ........................................24
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*...................................134
10.02 Purchasing power parity* ...............................................114
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................95
10.04 Fuel price levels*............................................................116
10.05 Hotel price index*.............................................................77
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*...........................................7
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ....................................31
11.03 Quality of the educational system....................................28
11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........12
11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................28
11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................49
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor...............................................24
11.08 HIV prevalence*................................................................56
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...........................................54
11.10 Life expectancy*...............................................................15
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ..........................................................89
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors..................74
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended......................79
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*...........................7
13.02 Protected areas*...............................................................31
13.03 Quality of the natural environment...................................47
13.04 Total known species* .....................................................113
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*..........................9
14.02 Sports stadiums*..............................................................24
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*...................
4
14.04 Creative industries exports*...............................................6
United Kingdom
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
374
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
United States
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009..........................................................................307.0
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................9,632.0
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 ........................................14,119.1
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 ...........................45,934.5
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009.................................................................–2.6
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)..................61
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .........................................................510,854...................3.4 ....................3.6
Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................5,070...................3.6 ....................2.1
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ......................................................1,375,880...................9.2 ....................3.7
Employment (1,000 jobs)..................................................13,697...................9.9 ....................2.1
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2009..............54,884.2
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 ......93,917.0
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index .............................................................................................................6 5.3
2009 Index..............................................................................................................8 5.3
T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................44 5.0
Policy rules and regulations..........................................................................16 5.2
Environmental sustainability........................................................................105 4.2
Safety and security .........................................................................................62 5.0
Health and hygiene .........................................................................................45 5.6
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism..................................................................33 5.1
T&T business environment and infrastructure..............................................3 5.4
Air transport infrastructure..............................................................................2 6.2
Ground transport infrastructure....................................................................28 5.0
Tourism infrastructure ....................................................................................13 6.5
ICT infrastructure ............................................................................................21 5.2
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry...............................................100 4.2
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .................................................1 5.5
Human resources ............................................................................................11 5.7
Education and training.............................................................................21 5.6
Availability of qualified labor...................................................................10 5.7
Affinity for Travel & Tourism........................................................................104 4.3
Natural resources .............................................................................................3 5.8
Cultural resources.............................................................................................6 6.2
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
375
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership......................................47
1.02 Property rights ..................................................................40
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ......................................77
1.04 Visa requirements*...........................................................98
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ................
8
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ......................41
1.07 Time required to start a business* ..................................13
1.08 Cost to start a business* .................................................17
1.09 GATS commitments* .........................................................
6
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation............................23
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ........................22
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development.....................42
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ............................................130
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* ...................................33
2.06 Threatened species* .....................................................122
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ..................................125
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism............................................125
3.02 Reliability of police services..............................................26
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................84
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ....................................................53
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* ...........................................................39
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ........................................
1
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* ...............................40
4.04 Hospital beds* .................................................................58
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry .................77
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ........................................34
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.........................27
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*........................58
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ......45
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................32
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* .................................
1
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ............................1
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* ...................................12
6.05 Airport density* ................................................................20
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ............................................
1
6.07 International air transport network ..................................21
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ................................................................19
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure .......................................18
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ............................................22
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ................................28
7.05 Road density* ...................................................................44
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ....................................................................16
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*........................40
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*...............................................
2
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................7
9.02 Internet users* .................................................................15
9.03 Telephone lines*...............................................................20
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* .....................................18
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ........................................76
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*...................................129
10.02 Purchasing power parity* ...............................................118
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................71
10.04 Fuel price levels*..............................................................17
10.05 Hotel price index*.............................................................65
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*.........................................77
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ....................................50
11.03 Quality of the educational system....................................26
11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........
10
11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................10
11.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................6
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor...............................................56
11.08 HIV prevalence*................................................................93
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...........................................80
11.10 Life expectancy*...............................................................31
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ........................................................129
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors................101
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended......................43
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*...........................2
13.02 Protected areas*...............................................................35
13.03 Quality of the natural environment...................................31
13.04 Total known species* .......................................................11
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*........................25
14.02 Sports stadiums*..............................................................21
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*...................
1
14.04 Creative industries exports*...............................................2
United States
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
376
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Uruguay
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009..............................................................................3.3
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................176.2
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 ...............................................31.5
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 ...........................13,144.4
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009...................................................................2.9
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)..................83
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,069...................2.9 ....................6.1
Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................52...................3.5 ....................2.9
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................2,823...................7.6 ....................5.7
Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................124...................8.2 ....................2.7
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2009................2,028.8
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 ........1,312.1
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index ...........................................................................................................58 4.2
2009 Index............................................................................................................63 4.1
T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................30 5.2
Policy rules and regulations..........................................................................71 4.4
Environmental sustainability..........................................................................70 4.5
Safety and security .........................................................................................21 5.7
Health and hygiene .........................................................................................35 5.9
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism..................................................................27 5.3
T&T business environment and infrastructure............................................71 3.6
Air transport infrastructure............................................................................97 2.5
Ground transport infrastructure....................................................................46 4.3
Tourism infrastructure ....................................................................................82 3.1
ICT infrastructure ............................................................................................48 3.8
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry.................................................82 4.5
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................60 3.9
Human resources ............................................................................................56 5.0
Education and training.............................................................................53 4.9
Availability of qualified labor...................................................................69 5.1
Affinity for Travel & Tourism..........................................................................41 4.9
Natural resources .........................................................................................101 2.6
Cultural resources...........................................................................................45 3.2
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
377
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership........................................6
1.02 Property rights ..................................................................50
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ........................................9
1.04 Visa requirements*...........................................................42
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ..............47
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ......................29
1.07 Time required to start a business* ................................127
1.08 Cost to start a business* ...............................................111
1.09 GATS commitments* .......................................................
17
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation............................41
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ........................33
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development.....................23
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ..............................................54
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* .................................136
2.06 Threatened species* .....................................................103
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ....................................
30
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism................................................1
3.02 Reliability of police services..............................................56
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................70
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ......................................................
2
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* ...........................................................18
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ........................................1
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* .................................1
4.04 Hospital beds* .................................................................65
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry .................32
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ........................................37
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.........................29
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*........................40
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ......12
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................68
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* .............................102
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ..........................95
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* ...................................65
6.05 Airport density* ................................................................76
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ........................................104
6.07 International air transport network ..................................89
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ................................................................49
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure .....................................108
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ............................................
38
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ................................24
7.05 Road density* ...................................................................34
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ....................................................................55
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*........................64
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*...........................................116
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................70
9.02 Internet users* .................................................................52
9.03 Telephone lines*...............................................................
46
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* .....................................52
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ........................................
34
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*.....................................39
10.02 Purchasing power parity* ...............................................107
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..........................................104
10.04 Fuel price levels*..............................................................80
10.05 Hotel price index*.............................................................
30
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*.........................................19
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ....................................70
11.03 Quality of the educational system....................................67
11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........57
11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................86
11.06 Hiring and firing practices...............................................118
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor...............................................
34
11.08 HIV prevalence*................................................................88
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...........................................
27
11.10 Life expectancy*...............................................................46
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ..........................................................66
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors..................67
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended......................
20
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*.........................75
13.02 Protected areas*.............................................................137
13.03 Quality of the natural environment...................................
22
13.04 Total known species* .......................................................67
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*........................73
14.02 Sports stadiums*................................................................
6
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*.................42
14.04 Creative industries exports*.............................................83
Uruguay
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
378
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Venezuela
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009............................................................................28.4
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................912.1
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 .............................................325.7
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 ...........................12,183.7
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009.................................................................–3.3
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)..................64
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................3,236...................1.6 ....................3.8
Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................185...................1.6 ....................1.8
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................14,434...................7.1 ....................3.8
Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................666...................5.6 ....................2.0
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2009...................615.2
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 ...........788.0
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index .........................................................................................................106 3.5
2009 Index..........................................................................................................104 3.5
T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................120 3.7
Policy rules and regulations........................................................................134 3.1
Environmental sustainability........................................................................101 4.2
Safety and security .......................................................................................134 3.4
Health and hygiene .........................................................................................77 4.5
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism................................................................126 3.3
T&T business environment and infrastructure............................................96 3.2
Air transport infrastructure............................................................................84 2.7
Ground transport infrastructure..................................................................136 2.3
Tourism infrastructure ....................................................................................78 3.3
ICT infrastructure ............................................................................................74 3.1
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry.................................................97 4.3
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................99 3.5
Human resources ..........................................................................................111 4.3
Education and training...........................................................................100 4.1
Availability of qualified labor.................................................................121 4.5
Affinity for Travel & Tourism........................................................................138 3.2
Natural resources .............................................................................................9 4.9
Cultural resources...........................................................................................99 1.7
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
200
400
600
800
1,000
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
379
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership....................................117
1.02 Property rights ................................................................139
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ....................................139
1.04 Visa requirements*...........................................................75
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ..............91
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ....................136
1.07 Time required to start a business* ................................136
1.08 Cost to start a business* ...............................................102
1.09 GATS commitments* .......................................................
31
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation..........................109
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ......................130
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development...................139
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ..............................................90
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* .....................................
1
2.06 Threatened species* .......................................................98
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ....................................81
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism............................................110
3.02 Reliability of police services............................................139
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence............................135
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ....................................................90
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* ...........................................................58
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ......................................63
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* ...............................86
4.04 Hospital beds* ...............................................................100
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry ...............139
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ........................................66
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.......................139
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*........................
25
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ......98
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .............................113
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* ...............................
37
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ..........................56
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* ...................................52
6.05 Airport density* ................................................................57
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ..........................................52
6.07 International air transport network ................................115
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ................................................................96
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure .....................................101
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ..........................................135
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ..............................135
7.05 Road density* .................................................................109
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ....................................................................82
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*........................80
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*.............................................65
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .....................................111
9.02 Internet users* .................................................................71
9.03 Telephone lines*...............................................................54
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* .....................................67
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ........................................64
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*...................................128
10.02 Purchasing power parity* ...............................................112
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................98
10.04 Fuel price levels*................................................................
1
10.05 Hotel price index*...........................................................103
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*.........................................93
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ....................................91
11.03 Quality of the educational system..................................127
11.04 Local availability of research and training services.........123
11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................91
11.06 Hiring and firing practices...............................................139
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor.............................................130
11.08 HIV prevalence*................................................................96
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...........................................82
11.10 Life expectancy*...............................................................
46
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ........................................................133
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors................139
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended....................135
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*.........................43
13.02 Protected areas*.................................................................1
13.03 Quality of the natural environment.................................116
13.04 Total known species* .........................................................
7
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*........................89
14.02 Sports stadiums*..............................................................72
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*.................62
14.04 Creative industries exports*.............................................97
Venezuela
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
380
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Vietnam
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009............................................................................87.3
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................331.2
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 ...............................................93.2
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 .............................2,941.7
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009...................................................................5.3
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)..................85
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................3,998...................3.9 ....................7.6
Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,397...................3.0 ....................2.5
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................12,529.................12.4 ....................7.3
Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................4,539...................9.9 ....................2.2
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2009................3,747.4
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 ........3,050.0
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index ...........................................................................................................80 3.9
2009 Index............................................................................................................89 3.7
T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................89 4.3
Policy rules and regulations..........................................................................67 4.4
Environmental sustainability........................................................................115 4.1
Safety and security .........................................................................................68 4.8
Health and hygiene .........................................................................................89 4.1
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism................................................................107 4.0
T&T business environment and infrastructure............................................89 3.3
Air transport infrastructure............................................................................85 2.7
Ground transport infrastructure....................................................................77 3.3
Tourism infrastructure ..................................................................................110 2.1
ICT infrastructure ............................................................................................67 3.2
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry.................................................16 5.2
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................46 4.1
Human resources ............................................................................................72 4.9
Education and training.............................................................................83 4.4
Availability of qualified labor...................................................................33 5.3
Affinity for Travel & Tourism..........................................................................87 4.5
Natural resources ...........................................................................................51 3.6
Cultural resources...........................................................................................36 3.6
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
381
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership....................................114
1.02 Property rights ..................................................................81
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ......................................
29
1.04 Visa requirements*.............................................................7
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ..............91
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ......................73
1.07 Time required to start a business* ................................118
1.08 Cost to start a business* .................................................71
1.09 GATS commitments* .......................................................
46
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation..........................134
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ......................103
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development.....................63
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ..............................................
41
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* ...................................98
2.06 Threatened species* .....................................................115
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ..................................108
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism............................................109
3.02 Reliability of police services..............................................
41
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................88
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ....................................................68
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* .........................................................100
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ......................................86
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* ...............................68
4.04 Hospital beds* .................................................................67
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry .................57
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ......................................118
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.........................62
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*......................128
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ......89
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................88
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* ...............................
22
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ..........................43
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* ...................................95
6.05 Airport density* ..............................................................113
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ..........................................
42
6.07 International air transport network ................................101
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ..............................................................117
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure .......................................59
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ............................................97
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ................................69
7.05 Road density* ...................................................................56
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ....................................................................89
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*......................112
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*.............................................93
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................43
9.02 Internet users* .................................................................81
9.03 Telephone lines*...............................................................68
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* .....................................74
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ........................................
47
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*.....................................25
10.02 Purchasing power parity* ...................................................4
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................58
10.04 Fuel price levels*..............................................................
37
10.05 Hotel price index*.............................................................57
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*.........................................69
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ..................................102
11.03 Quality of the educational system....................................61
11.04 Local availability of research and training services.........104
11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................58
11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................
34
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor...............................................60
11.08 HIV prevalence*................................................................79
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...........................................84
11.10 Life expectancy*...............................................................64
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ..........................................................77
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors..................97
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended......................83
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*.........................24
13.02 Protected areas*...............................................................98
13.03 Quality of the natural environment.................................132
13.04 Total known species* .......................................................
22
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*........................25
14.02 Sports stadiums*............................................................121
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*.................52
14.04 Creative industries exports*.............................................
28
Vietnam
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
382
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Zambia
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009............................................................................12.9
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................752.6
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 ...............................................12.8
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 .............................1,539.5
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009...................................................................6.3
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)................130
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................202...................1.2 ....................6.2
Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................21...................1.4 ....................2.2
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................657...................3.9 ....................6.5
Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................59...................3.8 ....................2.4
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2008...................812.0
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 .............98.0
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index .........................................................................................................111 3.4
2009 Index..........................................................................................................100 3.5
T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................104 4.0
Policy rules and regulations..........................................................................44 4.7
Environmental sustainability..........................................................................49 4.8
Safety and security .........................................................................................80 4.6
Health and hygiene .......................................................................................122 2.2
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism................................................................111 3.8
T&T business environment and infrastructure..........................................131 2.6
Air transport infrastructure..........................................................................118 2.3
Ground transport infrastructure..................................................................108 2.9
Tourism infrastructure ..................................................................................123 1.7
ICT infrastructure ..........................................................................................122 1.9
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry...............................................104 4.2
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................95 3.6
Human resources ..........................................................................................120 3.9
Education and training.............................................................................99 4.1
Availability of qualified labor.................................................................132 3.7
Affinity for Travel & Tourism........................................................................113 4.3
Natural resources ...........................................................................................15 4.7
Cultural resources.........................................................................................119 1.5
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum