Тексты и упражнения по английскому языку
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4. A year from now he (take) his medical examinations and (begin) to practice.
5. If you don’t make a note of that appointment, you (forget) it by next week.
Упражнение 4. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая
внимание на употребление времен группы Perfect.
1. He has told her all about his travel. 2. I have never been to Leningrad.
3. Have you finished your homework? 4. They have been friends for years. 5. By
the time he leaves home, we will have come to the station. 6. We are sure that he
will have kept his promise. 7. She told us that she had not finished her report yet.
8. He has been the best student in the class. 9. She said she had her lunch. 10. By
the end of the week we will already have translated this book. 11. They have been
absent from class all week.
Спряжение глагола
в Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Present Perfect Progressive)
(have/has been + V ing )
(действие началось в прошлом, длилось вплоть до настоящего и
продолжается в настоящем)
Индикаторы времени: For, since, lately, all morning/week, …
I have been writing
He has been writing
She has been writing
It has been writing
We have been writing
You have been writing
They have been writing
I have not been writing
He has not been writing
She has not been writing
It has not been writing
We have not been writing
You have not been writing
They have not been writing
Have I been writing?
Has he been writing?
Has she been writing?
Has it been writing?
Have we been writing?
Have you been writing?
Have they been writing?
Yes, I have
Yes, he has
Yes, she has
Yes, it has
Yes, we have
Yes, you have
Yes, they have
No, I haven’t
No, he hasn’t
No, she hasn’t
No, it hasn’t
No, we haven’t
No, you haven’t
No, they haven’t
Упражнение 1. Употребите сказуемое в следующих предложениях в
Present Perfect Continuous. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
Образец: He has worked at the plant for many years.
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He has been working at the plant for many years –
Он работает на этом заводе в течение многих лет.
1. They have talked for more than an hour.
2. She has taught English for ten years.
3. He has done very little work recently.
4. They have argued about that for more than two hours.
5. They have lived in Moscow since 1953.
6. We have used this textbook since January.
7. They have traveled all over Europe.
Упражнение 2. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и
отрицательной формах.
Образец: She has been feeling well recently.
Has she been feeling well recently?
She has not been feeling well recently.
1. She has been teaching there many years.
2. They have been waiting here for a long time.
3. She has been taking music lesson many years.
4. They have been discussing the matter all day long.
5. You have been studying English a long time.
6. It has been raining like this for an hour.
7. He has been working for that firm for ten years.
Упражнение 3. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык,
обращая внимание на времена группы Prefect Continuous.
1. He had been speaking for an hour and a half when he decided to have an
interval.
2. They had been waiting long before the train arrived.
3. We felt very tired because we had been working for many hours.
4. They will have been working at this problem not less than two years if they
complete it this year.
5. He has been attending that school for four years.
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Модальные глаголы
CAN
возможность что-нибудь сделать (могу, умею)
I can play the piano. (умею)
He can answer the question.
(может)
I cannot swim. (не умею)
He cannot understand.
(не может)
Can you sing? (умеете?)
Can you help me? (можете?)
I could not ski when I was little. (не умел)
She could not jump so high. (не могла)
TO BE ABLE TO
Эквивалент глагола CAN
He is able to do it. (может, в состоянии)
He was able to do it yesterday. (мог)
He will be able to do it tomorrow. (сможет)
MAY
Разрешение (можно)
You may take my pen. (можно)
You may not go out. (нельзя)
May I come in? (можно?)
В косвенной речи: Kate said that he might play. (сказала, что
можно)
TO BE ALLOWED TO
Эквивалент глагола MAY
We are allowed to stay at home. (нам разрешают)
We were allowed to stay at home. (нам разрешили)
We shall be allowed to stay at home (нам разрешат)
MUST
Долженствование
Эквиваленты глагола must: have to, be to, should, ought
You must respect your parents. (должны)
You must not do that. (нельзя)
Must I learn it by heart? (должен?)
Предположение (должно быть)
It must be hot outside. (должно быть)
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Упражнение 1. Переведите следующие предложения на русский
язык, обращая внимание на модальный глагол must.
1. Her English is very poor, she must study very hard.
2. They must spend more time on their English.
3. You must help her in every way possible.
4. We must learn at least ten new words every day.
5. He must leave at once.
6. The students must do their homework regularly.
7. You must do this important work quickly.
Упражнение 2. Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами can или
may. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. … I ask you to explain the rule once more?
2. … you lend me your dictionary?
3. You … take this book; I don’t need it.
4. It was a very popular song at the time, you … hear it everywhere.
5. … I ask you to do me a favour?
6. Atoms of different kinds … join together in different ways.
7. They … continue their experiment.
Упражнение 3. Переведите следующие предложения на русский
язык, обращая внимание на глаголы to have (to) и to be (to).
1. It looks like raining. You have to take your raincoat.
2. Remember that we are to be at this place not later than eight.
3. He will have to stay there for a month.
4. We are to leave on Monday.
5. The children had to stay indoors because it was raining.
6. Nobody met me when I came, because I was to arrive by the ten o’clock
train, but I couldn’t get a ticket for it.
7. We had to touch upon this question at the scientific conference.
8. You will have to work hard to finish the work in time.
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Упражнение 4. Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами или их
эквивалентами.
1. She … play chess well. 2. … I take your pen? 3. … I ask you a
question?. 4. You … not talk at the lesson. 5. He … not speak English last year. 6.
My sister … not play piano two years ago, but now she … .7. You … get this
novel in our library. 8. I … go to the library today to prepare for my report at the
conference. 9. … you do me a favour.
Упражнение 5. Напишите следующие предложения в
вопросительной и отрицательных формах.
Образец: He can play chess well.
Can he play chess well? He can’t play chess well.
1. We must tell her this news. 2. He may smoke here. 3. She can speak
English perfectly. 4. The students must translate the text at home. 5. We can go to
the theatre tonight. 6. We shall be able to help them. 7. They had to wait for a long
time. 8. His friend couldn’t get this book. 9. You were allowed to take this book
home. 10. May I go home now? 11. They were allowed to come at four.
НЕЛИЧНЫЕ ФОРМЫ ГЛАГОЛА
Инфинитив
Формы инфинитива
Active Passive
Indefinite (Simple) to write to be written
Continuous (Progressive) to be writing ---------
Perfect to have written to have been written
Perfect Continuous (Progressive) to have been writing ---------
Перевод различных форм инфинитива на русский язык: Active:
Indefinite (Simple) I am glad to speak with you
рад поговорить с вами
(всегда радуюсь, когда
говорю)
Continuous
(Progressive)
I am glad to be speaking
with you
рад, что сейчас
разговариваю
Perfect I am glad to have spoken
with you
рад, что поговорил
Perfect Continuous
(Progressive)
I am glad to have been
speaking with you
рад, что уже давно (все
это время) разговариваю
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Passive:
Indefinite (Simple) I am (always) glad to be
told the news
всегда рад, когда мне
рассказывают новости
Perfect I am glad to have been
told the news
рад, что мне рассказали
новости
Причастие
Сравните употребление Present Participle и Perfect Participle:
buying – покупая having bought – купив
Формы причастия
Active Passive
Present
Perfect
Past
writing
have written
----
being written
having been written
written
Перевод различных форм причастия на русский язык
Как их переводить Формы
причастия
причастием деепричастием
reading читающий читая
having read ------ прочитав
being read
читаемый (т.е.
который читают)
будучи читаемым (т.е. когда его
читали)
having been read -------
будучи прочитанным (т.е. когда
его прочитали)
read прочитанный ---------
building строящий строя
having build -------- построив
being build
строящийся (т.е.
который строят)
будучи строящимся (т.е. когда
его строили)
having been build --------
будучи построенным (т.е. когда
его построили)
build построенный ---------
Герундий
Формы герундия
Active Passive
Indefinite (Simple) writing being written
Perfect having written having been written
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Перевод некоторых форм герундия на русский язык.
Infinite (Simple)
What does he like? Что он любит?
Active
He likes telling fairy tales. (рассказывать)
Passive
He likes being told fairy tales. (чтобы ему рассказывали)
Perfect
Чем он гордится?
Active He is proud of having spoken to this outstanding person.
что поговорил
Passive He is proud of having been spoken to.
что с ним поговорили
Тесты для итогового контроля
Тест 1
Выберите правильный ответ:
1.Is it typical … her to do it?
a) for
b) of
c) upon
d) on
2. Olga thinks … her sister very often.
a) about
b) of
c) on
3. What was the reason … his absence?
a) of
b) for
c) in
d) on
Вставьте: “much”, “many”, “little”, “a little”, “few”, “a few”:
1. There is … water in the glass. Take it.
2. It is cold today, there are … people in the street.
3. I can buy a cake. I have … money in my purse.
4. He got a bad mark for his dictation. There are … mistakes in it.
5. In late autumn there are … leaves on the trees.
Заполните пропуски предлогами там, где это необходимо:
1. Dan is waiting … me in the library.
2. Look … the flowers! How beautiful they are!
3. Who is … duty today?
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4. Don’t show … her the picture!
5. Take the things … the table and put them … your bag!
6. There is a sofa … the wall.
7. Go … home and take those books … your sister!
Тест 2
Заполните пропуски необходимыми предлогами:
1. I am … Nizhniy Novgorod.
2. I live … Vaneeva street.
3. I am a student … the Pedagogical University. My sister studies …
school.
4. My University is a long way … my home.
5. I go there … bus.
6. I study … the faculty … History.
7. We don’t go … very often (гулять).
8. He doesn’t have much time … his hobby.
9. My sister and I have a lot … common.
Заполните пропуски артиклями и предлогами там, где это необходимо:
1. My Mum is … economist.
2. She is off on … Sunday.
3. My grand parents live in … country.
4. He wants to study … physics.
5. She wouldn’t like to be … only child.
6. He studies at … Pedagogical University.
7. His sister studies at … N. Novgorod Medical Academy.
8. My uncle has … son and … daughter.
9. They are … twins.
10. My mum does everything about … house.
My friend is … fine-looking girl with … charming smile. Her birthday is …
…first of May. She has … fair hair. She enjoys … music and plays … violin. She is
also good … singing. She is … student … Pedagogical University. She studies …
the faculty … History. She is good … English because she has got a gift … it.
Выберите правильный ответ:
1. What … you … do at 4.30 tomorrow afternoon?
a) would do
b) will do
c) will be doing
d) will have done
2. In the next room the music of Mozart …
a) was played
b) was playing
c) was being played
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3. Nobody liked Jack because of his bad manners. He … also … many
times dunked.
a) is seen
b) saw
c) was seen
4. He promised he would return the book as soon as he … it.
a) had read
b) will read
c) would read
d) read
5. Bad news … people happy.
a) don’t make
b) doesn’t make
c) aren’t making
Тест 3
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо:
… children in our class like to write … letters to other schoolchildren. They
write to … children of other schools in towns of … Russia. They have … pen-
friends in … England. They want to have … pen-friends in America too. Here is
one of their letters. It is … letter to … children of … collective farm.
Поставьте подчеркнутые существительные в множественное число:
1. That child is very nice.
2. There is a man in that room.
3. I don’t know this woman.
Дайте английский эквивалент:
1. 1-ый
2. 2-ой
3. 3-ий
4. 15-ый
5. 21-ый
6. 35-ый
7. 47-ой
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени:
1. Listen! You (to hear) how Nina (to sing)? I always (to listen) to her with
pleasure.
2. - Who (to speak) with foreign students over there?
- It (to be) my friend Anna. She (to know) three foreign languages.
3. Look! They (to discuss) something and (to laugh).
4. Nick still (to sleep). He seldom (to get up) so early.
5. - Where (to be) Leo?
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- He (to swim). He often (to swim) in the morning.
6. Put on your warm coat! It (to snow).
7. Nina (to understand) German. She always (to help) her group-mates with
it. But now she (to be) busy. She (to write) exercises.
Дайте все виды вопросов:
1. Her friend is watching TV now.
2. My pals read some interesting books every evening.
Тест 4
Выберите правильный вариант:
1. If you … me I … in real trouble.
a) don’t help, will be
b) hadn’t helped, would have been
c) hadn’t help, would be
2. They … in the room when the taxi …
a) sat, arrived
b) were sitting, was arriving
c) were sitting, had arrived
d) were sitting, arrived
3. You … this composition for 2 hours and can’t complete it
a) have been writing
b) have written
c) are writing
d) write
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующемся времени:
1. Last year I (not to study) English.
2. Three years ago I (to go) to school.
3. My brother (to enter) the institute in 1974.
4. Every day Ann (to have) one lecture and three tutorials.
5. Usually Ann (to go) to the institute by bus.
6. - When you (to pass) it when I (to be) a first-year student.
- I (to pass) it when I (to be) a first-year student.
7. I (to know) Ann since we entered the Institute.
8. - You (to take part) in the labour semester next July?.
- Yes, I (to take part) in it.
- Where you (to work)?
- I think, I (to work) in a village near Arzamas.
9. - You (to study) lexicology now?
- No, I (not to study) lexicology. I (to prepare) for the seminar in
economy. I already (to prepare) my home-task in lexicology.
10. - What exam you (to have) next week?
- Next week I (to have) an exam in grammar.