Стюарт Вильям Работа с образами и символами в психологическом консультировании

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.

fZl_jbq_j_a\lhjh_jh`^_gb_

H[jZau fh]ml ijbgbfZlv jZaebqgu_ nhjfu b gZijZ\e_gby

Fu m[_^bebkv \ wlhf ihagZdhfb\rbkv k O_ca_e bk __ eZlmgguf

ih^k\_qgbdhf hebp_l\hjy\rbf [_agZ^_`ghklv JZ[hlZ k O_ca_e

ih^l\_j`^Z_l qlh fg_ [ueh g_h[oh^bfh [ulv ]hlh\uf

wdki_jbf_glbjh\Zlv k jZaebqgufb f_lh^Zfb >`_gbk hibkZeZ k_[y

dZd `_gsbgm dhlhjZy ex[bl kebrdhf kbevgh bwlh ijb\_eh __ d

fgh]hqbke_gguf[_^kl\_ggufhlghr_gbyfk fm`qbgZfb Dh]^ZhgZ

ijh^\bgmeZkvd ijbfbj_gbxkhk\hbfbjh^bl_eyfbb ijbgyeZqlhg_

ke_^m_l\bgblvk_[yaZbojZa\h^__ \_^jhkZfhhp_gdbih^\_j]ehkv

g_dhlhjufj _fhglgufjZ[hlZfIml_r_kl\b_Ebeb]h\hjblh kimkd_

\ [_kkhagZl_evgh_ h[ hldjulbb ikbobdb b dhg_qghf khxa_ k[he__

rbjhdhc<k_e_gghc

Fw]i_j_`beZbkp_e_gb_gZ[_j_]mdh]^Z\hegukfvub__ [hev

b]jyav k\yaZggu_ k bagZkbeh\Zgb_f b Z[hjlhf FhcjZ h[gZjm`beZ

k\hx`_fqm`bgm\ukhdhcp_gu\ kZfhfg_\_jhylghfba



f_kl² ]em[hdh\ dheh^p_G_ce \ k\h_f iml_r_kl\bb gZr_e

^\mojZaguoijh\h^gbdh\ijh^_eZ\h ]jhfgucimlvhlk\hbodhjg_c\

dhkfbq_kdh_ ijhkljZgkl\h Khnby hdZaZeZkv ihl_jygghc b

aZo\Zq_gghc \ k_jhf [_a`bag_gghfb im]Zxs_flmfZg_ [_a khegpZ

bf_xs_f g_dhlhjh_ koh^kl\h k ^_ij_kkb_c LmfZg [ue jZkk_yg

\_ljhfb khegp_fIml_r_kl\b_GhjfZgZbeexkljbjm_ldZdijhoh^

q_j_ah]hgvi_qZebb ihl_jbijbghkblh qbs_gb_ KZg^jZi_j_`beZ

jZabl_evguc dhgljZkl f_`^m em]hf ² hkljh\hf kj_^b ]jhohqms_]h

ljZgkihjlZ² b hsms_gb_f k\h[h^ukdZdZlv\_johfgZk\h_fdhg_

Hk\h[h`^_gb_ hl ijhreh]h hldjueh _c imlv \uoh^Z ba eh\mr_d \

dhlhjuo hgZ qm\kl\h\ZeZ k_[y b k\h_]h fm`Z >`_d aZ ljb k_ZgkZ

ij_h^he_e [hevrh_ ijhkljZgkl\h b ijh^_eZe [hevrmx j_fhglgmx

jZ[hlm gZ^ k\hbf jZa[bluf k_j^p_f bgZ^ l_dmsbf j_a_j\mZjhf

dhlhjuc_keb[u_]hg_ihqbgbebijb\_e[ud aZkmo_b [_^kl\bx

Gb \ h^ghf ba wlbo gZ]ey^guo kemqZ_\ yg_ ]h\hjx h

e_q_gbb beb mki_o_ \k_ deb_glu mreb dh]^Z bf ij_^klhyeh

ijh^_eZlv _s_ fgh]h jZ[hlu Iml_r_kl\b_ d p_ehklghklb b

bgl_]jZpbb gbdh]^Z g_ [u\Z_l aZdhgq_gguf Fh`_l [ulv >`_d

emqr_ \k_o ih^\_e blh] Y aZldgme h^gm [hevrmx ^ujm gh _klv b

^jm]b_

< Keh\Zj_h[jZah\b kbf\heh\\ dhgkmevlbjh\Zgbb KlxZjl

 \u kfh`_l_ gZclb hij_^_e_gby fgh]bo kbf\heh\ dhlhju_

bkihevah\Zebkv \ ^Zgghc dgb]_ <Zf lZd`_ \hafh`gh aZohq_lky

jZkrbjblv jZ[hlm k h[jZaZfb \\_^_gb_f \Zrbo kh[kl\_gguo

\gmlj_ggbodZjlbgY gZ^_xkvqlhwlh^_ckl\bl_evghlZdihlhfmqlh

ih^h[gh_ jZkrbj_gb_ ihgylbc g_khfg_ggh hdZ`_lky ^ey \Zk

ieh^hl\hjguf

Ijbeh`_gb_IJBF?JU:JO?LBIH<

H^bg

Dhj_gvkmsghklvijbjh^u

>\Zbeb^\hcgZykljmdlmjZ

fm`kdh_`_gkdh_ :gbfmk b :gbfZ Ihablb \gh_g_]Zlb \gh_

K\_leh_l_fgh_BgvYg<gmlj_gg__\g_rg__

 Ljb beb ljhcgZy kljmdlmjZ LjhbpZ Hl_p Kug bK\ylhc

>mo

Q_luj_bebq_l\_jgZykljmdlmjZ

K_\_jx]

%2&



,2.

 aZiZ^

E_lhhk_gvabfZ\_kgZ

>_lkl\hxghklvaj_ehklv

klZjhklv

H]hgv\h^Z\ha^moa_fey

W]hl_gv:gbfmk:gbfZ

kmsghklv

Fure_gb_hsms_gb_

qm\kl\hbglmbpby

>jm]b_kbf\hebq_kdb_fh^_eb

BRbgQZdjuDZ[[ZeZ

IeZg_luAh^bZdZ;h]bb [h]bgb>_fhgub Zg]_eu

=_jhb

Dhjhev:j]mjYkhgZj]hgZ\l>`hgMwcg²ijbf_jkmjh\hc

q_klghcZf_jbdZgkdhcfm`_k]\_gghklb

Ihbkdbibsbb djh\Z

KmlhqgucjblfjZ[hlubkgZ

IhbkdiZjlg_jZ

B^_b

IeZlhg kqblZe qlh j_Zevghklv khklhbl ba Zjo_lbih\ beb

nhjfgZoh^ysbokyaZij_^_eZfbq_eh\_qkkdh]h\hkijbylbydhlhju_

y\eyxlkyfhikZfb\k_]hqlhkms_kl\m_l\ q_eh\_q_kdhfhiul_

Bkdmkkl\h

JZ[hlZ<Zg=h]Zij_^klZ\ey_lZjo_lbiwdkij_kkbhgbafZb^_x

wfhpbhgZevghckihglZgghklb\ `b\hibkb

 <_ebdZy FZlv hl dhlhjhc aZjh^beky fbj

hieh^hl\hjyxsZy\k_`b\h_

Hl_phebp_l\hjyxsbc\k_kbevgh_²lhqlh\u^_j`b\Z_l

bkiulZgb_\j_f_g_f

Ijbeh`_gb_

A:KL:<VL?K<H?<HH;J:@?GB?J:;HL:LVG:<:K

 Ijhkgm\rbkv b\ l_q_gb_ ^gy ihqZs_ ih\lhjycl_ _keb

\hafh`gh\kemoFhcjZamfgZoh^blkyih^fhbfdhgljhe_f

GZmqbl_kvihablb\ghbkihevah\Zlv]em[hdmxj_eZdkZpbx <

jZkkeZ[e_gghf khklhygbb ih\lhjycl_ Fhc jZamf gZoh^blky ih^

fhbfdhgljhe_f

 I_j_^ l_f dZd gZqZlv ^_eZlv qlheb[h lj_[mxs__

dhgp_gljZpbbih\lhjycl_\mf_L_i_jv²dhgp_gljZpby

 GZ ebkl_ [mfZ]b gZq_jlbl_ jy^ dhehghd b jZa^_ebl_ bo gZ

]h^h\u_ i_jbh^u \Zr_c `bagb GZqgbl_ k gug_rg_]h ]h^Z b

ihkl_i_ggh^\b]Zcl_kvgZaZ^\kihfbgZyhkh[u_kemqZbex^_cf_klZ

b kh[ulby k\yaZggu_ k hij_^_e_gguf i_jbh^hf ;m^vl_ lhqgu

<kihfbgZcl_p\_lZaZiZob\dmku\b^ua\mdbb hsms_gby

<kihfgbl_dh]^Z\Zf\ i_j\ucjZakZfhfmjZaj_rbebdmiblv

k_[_h^_`^m

<kihfgbl_k\hci_j\ucihp_emcDlh]^_dh]^Z"

 <kihfgbl_ dh]^Z \u \i_j\u_ h[^mfZggh g_ ih^qbgbebkv

ijbdZamjh^bl_eybebmqbl_ey

 Ih^mfZcl_ hkeh\_klbfme_ gZijbf_j ^hf b iha\hevl_

k\h_fm jZamfm \ua\Zlv \ \hh[jZ`_gbb \k_ ZkkhpbZpbb k\yaZggu_ k

wlbfkeh\hfH[jZsZcl_hkh[_ggh_\gbfZgb_gZh[jZauk\yaZggu_k

iylvx hj]ZgZfb qm\kl\ <u[_jbl_ ^jm]h_ keh\hklbf? dhrdZ

kh[ZdZ dhjh\Z b ihijh[mcl_ i_j_`blv jZagv h[jZau dhlhju_

k\yaZgukgbfAZl_f\havfbl_ebkl[mfZ] LgZibrbl_keh\hklbfme\

p_glj_kljZgbpub gZibrbl_kehbdhlhju_ijboh^beb\Zf\ ]heh\m

dh]^Z \u bkihevah\Zeb Zkkhr Zpbx Fh`_l_ eb \u _s_ ^h[Z\blv

keh\Z" <uihegyy ex[h_ ba we mijZ`g_gbc hlf_qZcl_ dh]^Z \u

iha\hey_l_ k\h_fm jZamfm [em ^Zlv Fy]dh \_jgbl_ k\hc jZamf d

ihke_^g_c ZkkhpbZpbb Dh] ZkkhpbZpby aZdhgq_gZ ih^mfZcl_ h

\j_f_gbebk\h_fmjZamfm[em`^Zlvb ihiulZcl_k



wlh]h <kihfbgZy lZdbf ^bkpbiebgbjmxsbf h[jZahf \u

[m^_l_dhgljhebjh\Zlvk\hcjZamf

Iha\hevl_k\h_fm\hh[jZ`_gbyjZ[hlZlvgZ\ZkZg_ijhlb\

\Zk

 DZ`^uc ^_gv ijh\h^bl_ hij_^_e_ggh_ \j_fy

dhgp_gljbjmykvgZex[hcbafZg^Ze\dexq_gguo\ Ijbeh`_gb_

 Kb^y \ iZjd_ m fhjy beb \ dZdhfeb[h ^jm]hf m]hed_

ijbjh^uaZdjhcl_]eZaZb\ l_q_gb_iylb fbgmlkemrZcl_\k_a\mdb

\hdjm] \Zk Dh]^Z \j_fy aZdhgqblky aZibrbl_ qlh \u keurZeb

Ih\lhjycl_ mijZ`g_gb_ dh]^Z lhevdh \hafh`gh b iu lZcl_kv

m\_ebqb\Zlvdhebq_kl\ha\m dh\dhlhju_\ufh`_l_\kihfgblv

 Kb^y ih[ebahklb hl fZ]ZabgZ kqblZcl_ ex^_c dhlhju_

ijhc^mlfbfh\Zk\ l_q_gb_iylbfbgml

 KqblZcl_ ex^_c dhlhju_ ghkyl hij_^_e_gguc ij_^f_l

h^_`^uhqdbbebdhlhju_g_kmlhij_^_e_ggucij_^f_l

Kb^bl_k aZdjulufb]eZaZfbg_\Z`gh_kebex^bih^mfZxl

qlh \u \u]ey^bl_ g_kdhevdh kljZggh b iulZcl_kv hij_^_eylv

jZaebqgu_aZiZob

Iheh`bl_gZklhef_edboij_^f_lh\b gZdjhcl_boldZgvx

beb mc^bl_ ba dhfgZlu ih f_gvr_c f_j_ gZ ^_kylv fbgml Dh]^Z

\j_fy bkl_q_l ihkfhljbl_ gZ ij_^f_lu gZ klhe_ \ l_q_gb_ ^\mo

fbgml aZl_f mc^bl_ b \kihfgbl_ ij_^f_lu gZ klhe_ <kihfgb\ ik_

^\_gZ^pZlv gZjbkmcl_ bo jZkiheh`_gb_ gZ ebkl_ [mfZ]b Dh]^Z \u

kijZ\bl_kv k wlbf aZ^Zgb_f ihijhkbl_ dh]heb[h jZaeh`blv

ij_^f_lub ih\lhjbl_mij Z`g_gb_

 JZkkuivl_ ih ih em dhjh[hd kibq_d Iheh`bl_ imklhc

dhjh[hdgZklhekh[_jbl_kibqdbih h^ghcbkeh`bl_bo\ dhjh[hd

KlZjZcl_kvg_ki_rblvk mijZ`g_gb_fHghmkihdZb\Z_l

 Kha^Zcl_ \hh[jZ`Z_fmx kp_gm \ dhlhjhc \u [ueb [u

\ugm`^_gu kdZaZlv qlh khe]Zeb dh]^Z gZ kZfhf ^_e_ \u kdZaZeb

ijZ\^m

Ij_^klZ\vl_k_[_ h]jhfgmx ^ujm\ g_[_ Z aZl_f gZihegbl_

__ ghh[jZ`Z_fufbij_^f_lZfb

 Ij_^klZ\vl_ k_[_ qlh kha^Z_l_ r_^_\j \_ebdh]h bkdmkkl\Z

Ij_^klZ\vl_k_[_qlh\ugZoh^bl_dZjlmHkljh\ZKhdjh\bsZ aZl_f

hlijZ\ey_l_kvgZihbkdbkhdjh\bsZ

 Ij_^klZ\vl_ k_[_ qlh \u b^_l_ ih mebp_ b klZedb\Z_l_kv

ebphfd ebpmk \Zrbf^\hcgbdhf

Ij_^klZ\vl_k_[_qlh\uklZedb\Z_l_kvebphfd ebpmkl_fh

dhf\u^mfZebqlhhgmf_j

Ijbeh`_gb_HDHGQ:GB?K?:GK:MIJ:@G?GBC

DZ`^uc jZa aZgbfZykv mijZ`g_gbyfb \dexqZxsbfb \ k_[y

jZ[hlmk h[jZaZfbaZdZgqb\Zcl_ke_^mxs_cijhp_^mjhc

;ukljhk^_eZcl_\mf_[_]euchq_jdk_ZgkZ

K^_eZcl_g_kdhevdhaZf_lhdhlhfqlhijhbahrehbhlhf

ihgbfZgbbdhlhjh]h\u^hklb]eb

 Ijhc^bl_ ih djm]m b dhkgbl_kv jZaguo ij_^f_lh\ qlh[u

himklblvkygZa_fex

 <klZgvl_ ijyfh \ulygbl_ jmdb gZ^ ]heh\hc b f_^e_ggh

himkdZybo\gbaih\lhjycl_g_kdhevdhjZaY K_]h^gyrg__qbkehby

a^_kv>gZa\Zgb_dhfgZlub f_klZ`

K^_eZcl_ ba k\h_]h jZamfZ kl ZjZl_evgh]h iZjlg_jZ Zg_

kdh\Zggh]hjZ[Z

Ijbeh`_gb_;BHEH=BQ?KD:YH;J:LG:YK<YAV

GZr_ l_eh \ujZabl_evgh hl\_qZ_l gZ gZrb fukeb Fukeb

kbevgub^hhij_^_e_gghckl_i_gbhij_^_eyxlnmgdpbbgZr_]hl_eZ

?keb gZrb fukeb fh]ml k^_eZlv gZr_ l_eh gZijy`_gguf \eZklv

jZamfZlZd`_ihfh`_lgZfjZkkeZ[blvky

GZc^bl_ kihdhcgh_ f_klh b jZkkeZ[vl_kv bkihevamy aZibkv

j_eZdkZpbb aZldgbl_ beb aZdjhcl_ mrb qlh[u hlk_qv rmf _keb \u

gZoh^bl_ wlh g_h[oh^bfuf Bgh]^Z \u fh`_l_ hkhagZ\Zlv ihiuldm

jZkkeZ[blvky bl_f g_ f_g__ \Zr_ l_eh bjZamf dZ`mlky \Zf

fqZsbfbky Bkihevamcl_ kbem k\h_]h \hh[jZ`_gby qlh[u ihfhqv

k_[_aZf_^eblvl_fiwlh]h^\b`_gby

<bamZebabjmcl_ k_[y [_]msbf bkiulZcl_ mkdhj_gguc jblf

k_j^pZ b mqZklb\r__ky ^uoZgb_ aZl_f khagZl_evgh aZf_^ebl_

kdhjhklv [_]Z² \ g_kdhevdh wlZih\ ihdZgk i_j_c^_l_gZ [ukljmx

oh^v[m

Ke_^mxsbc wlZi aZf_^eycl_ [ukljmx oh^v[m ^h l_fiZ

ijh]medbZ ihlhf²^hf_^e_gghcoh^v[uihdZ\ dhgp_dhgph\g_

hklZgh\bl_kvHlusbl_kihdhcgh_f_klh]^_fh`ghk_klvbebe_qvD

wlhfm \j_f_gb \Zr_ l_eh [m^_l jZkkeZ[e_gh hgh hl\_lbeh gZ

[bheh]bq_kdmxh[jZlgmxk\yavdhlhjmx\u_fm^Zeb

Dh]^Z\ujZkkeZ[bl_kv\Zr_\hh[jZ`_gb_mg_k_l\Zklm^Z]^_

ij_djZkgh kihdhcgh b fbjgh Ey]l_ b imklv khegp_ kh]j__l \Zk

KemrZcl_ a\mdb ijbjh^u ² ilbp iq_e \_l_j \ ^_j_\vyo b\ ljZgk

\hdjm]\ZkKemrZcl_rmfj_db<klZgvl_ih^hc^bl_d j_d_kgbfbl_

lmnebb re_iZcl_ih\h^_<uihqm\kl\m_l_ijhoeZ^mih^um\b^bl_

ke_]dZ dhjbqg_\uc ju`_\Zluc hkZ^hd hg k \_jrbgu lhjnygh]h

ohefZ \u \b^bl_ _]h \ hl^Ze_gbb GZ^_gvl_ lmneb b bkke_^mcl_

hl^Ze_gguc ohef Imklv \Zr_ \hh[jZ`_gb_ ih\_^_l \Zk lm^Z dm^Z

ohq_l >Zcl_ gZa\Zgb_ wlhfm f_klm Wlh \Zr_ f_klh \Zr_ m[_`bs_

dm^Zgbdlhg_fh`_l\lhj]gmlvkyHghklZg_l^ey\Zklbohc]Z\Zgvx

dh]^Z\u[m^_l_qm\kl\h\ZlvgZijy`_gb_

<Zr_ l_eh kdZ`_l \Zf dh]^Z [m^_l ihjZ aZdhgqblv wlh

mijZ`g_gb_<ueb[hiheghklvxhqg_l_kveb[h]em[hdh\a^hog_l_



GZmqbl_kv kemrZlv  k\h_ l_eh b\u kfh`_l_ ijbclb d

jZ\gh\_kbxl_eZjZamfZb wfhpbcIhfgbl_jZ\gh\_kb_\ ijbjh^_²

ij_oh^ys__ Zg_ kh\_jr_ggh_ khklhygb_ ^eys__ky \_qgh <_qgh_

jZ\gh\_kb_[ueh[uklZlbqghDh]^Zfu^hklb]Z_fjZ\gh\_kbyohlyb

ij_oh^ys_]h wlh m`_ kh\_jr_gkl\h GZkeZ`^Zcl_kv wlbfb

fhf_glZfb BkiulZ\ bo fu ijh^\b]Z_fky \i_j_^ b mqbfky mijZ\

eylvgZijy`_gb_fb ij_^hl\jZsZlvklj_kkb jZkiZ^

Ijbeh`_gb_

MIJ:@GYCL?KV< NHDMKBJH<:GGHF<GBF:GBB

Nhdmkbjh\Zggh_ \gbfZgb_ ² wlh ihe_agh_ mijZ`g_gb_ ^ey

h[e_]q_gby [heb beb mf_gvr_gby gZijy`_gby Fgh]b_ ba gZk

rZjZoZxlkyi klhjhgmhl[hebb iulZxlkyi_j_klZlv^mfZlvhg_cY

ij_^iheZ]Zx gZf ke_^m_l ^_eZlv ijyfh ijhlb\hiheh`gh_

ij_^klZ\vl_k_[_qlh\u²[hev;hev²wlhlhqlhbkiulu\Z_fqu

\k_hgZihkueZ_lgZfg_dh_khh[s_gb_H^gZdhmklhcqb\mx[hevg_

ke_^m_l b]ghjbjh\Zlvb gZ^h bkdZlv f_^bpbgkdh]h kh\_lZ Gh hq_gv

qZklh^Z`_ihke_dhgkmevlZpbbk \jZqhf\k_qlhgZfij_^eZ]Zxl²

wlh[he_mlheyxsb_ij_iZjZluY ij_^eZ]ZxihfhsvZg_e_q_gb_

Dh]^Z \u [m^_l_ ^hklZlhqgh jZkkeZ[e_gu ij_^klZ\vl_ k_[_

qlhOLEL kb^bl_\ ljZ\_gZem]m<udeZ^_l_jmdbgZa_fexih [hdZfb

qm\kl\m_l_ hkljmx [hev hl dhexqdb dhlhjZy \ludZ_lky \ dhgqbd

mdZaZl_evgh]h iZevpZ \Zr_c ijZ\hc jmdb <u \a^jZ]b\Z_l_ hl [heb

<u ^_j`bl_kv aZ iZe_p aZl_f deZ^_l_ _]h \ jhl qlh[u gZclb

h[_]q_gb_<uqm\kl\m_l_imevkZpbxb iZe_pklZgh\blkydjZkguf

L_i_jv kdhgp_gljbjmcl_ \k_ \Zr_ \gbfZgb_ gZ iylg_ \u

\b^bl_ dZd l_q_l djh\v Ihqm\kl\mcl_ [b_gb_ \k_ \Zr_ l_eh

ijbgbfZ_l gZ k_[y [b_gb_ imevkZ \ iZevp_ <Zr_ \gbfZgb_ k_cqZk

ihgZklhys_fm knhdmkbjh\Zgh L_i_jv gZqbgZcl_ qm\kl\h\Zlv dZd

[hev mf_gvrZ_lky ihkl_i_ggh fZehihfZem ImevkZpby klZgh\blky

f_g__bgl_gkb\ghcj_adbcdjZkgucp\_lihkl_i_gghkf_gy_lky[he__

g_cljZevguf <u [hevr_ g_ qm\kl\m_l_ imevkZ \ iZevp_ <u

\_jgmebkvd ghjf_

<bamZevgu_ mijZ`g_gby fh]ml bkihevah\Zlvky ^ey ex[hc

qZklbl_eZbhgb^hklZlhqghijhklu qlh[u[ukljh gZmqblvbfl_o

dlhbkiulu\Z_l[hev

Ijbeh`_gb_ML<?J@>?GBY

Bkihevah\Zgb_ml\_j`^_gbc

Ijhqlbl_i_j_qbke_ggu_a^_kvml\_j`^_gbyb hlf_lvl_ex[h_

\ dhlhjh_ ih \Zr_fm fg_gbx [ueh [u ljm^gh ih\_jblv

ijbf_gbl_evghd k_[_kZfhfm I_j_qblZcl_ml\_j`^_gbydhlhju_\u

g_fh`_l_hlklZb\Zlvhl\k_]hk_j^pZ

Dh]^Z \u k^_eZ_l_ wlh ^ey \k_o ml\_j`^_gbc dhlhju_

ih^\_j]g_l_ khfg_gbx \u[_jbl_ h^gh b kijhkbl_ k_[y ihq_fm"

AZibrbl_ k\hb ^h\h^u Bkihevamcl_ \hh[jZ`_gb_ qlh[u \_jgmlvky

gZaZ^ \h \j_f_gb b ihiulZcl_kv magZlv ihq_fm \u g_ fh`_l_

ml\_j^blv kZfh]h k_[y Q_c ]hehk \u keurbl_" DZdb_ keh\Z \Zf

]h\hjyl" DZdb_ nb]mju \u \b^bl_" DZdb_ `_klu bkihevamxlky"

Kihkh[ghklvml\_j`^Zlvk_[yg_ba[_`ghbf__lk\hbdhjgb\lhfdZd

^jm]b_ex^bh^h[jyxlgZkb gZh[hjhl

AZf_gu g_]Zlb\gh]h ml\_j`^_gby ihablb\guf [m^_l g_e_]dh

^h[blvky H^gZdh _keb \u \_jbl_ qlh wlh fh`gh baf_gblv \u \

dhgp_dhgph\ijb^_l_d\_j_\ kZfh]hk_[y

Ml\_j`^_gby

Y ²wlhyb\h\k_ffbj_g_lgbdh]hlhqghlZdh]h`_dZdy

Y mgbdZe_g

 Y \eZ^_x \k_f dZkZxsbfky f_gy ² fhbf l_ehf b \k_f

dZkZxsbfky_]h

 Y\eZ^_x k\hbf jZamfhf \dexqZy \k_ fhb fukeb b

ij_^klZ\e_gby



Y \eZ^_xk\hbfb]eZaZf\dexqZyh[jZau\k_ogZ[ex^Z_fuo

h[t_dlh\

 Y \eZ^_x k\hbfb qm\kl\Zfb dZdbfb [u hgb gb [ueb ²

ihablb\gufbb g_]Zlb\gufbFg_fh]mlgjZ\blvkyh^gbZ ^jm]b_g_

gjZ\blvkyghhgb\k_jZ\ghfhb

Y \eZ^_xk\hbfjlhfb \k_fbkeh\Zfbdhlhju_ijhbaghrm

ijbylgufbbeb]jm[ufbijZ\bevgufbbebg_ijZ\bevgufb

Y \eZ^_xk\hbf]hehkhf]jhfdbfbeblbobf

Y \eZ^_x\k_fbk\hbfb^_ckl\byfbihhlghr_gbxd ^jm]bf

bebdk_[_kZfhfm

 Y\eZ^_x k\hbfb nZglZabyfb k\hbfb f_qlZfb k\hbfb

gZ^_`^Zfbk\hbfbkljZoZfb

 Y\eZ^_x \k_fb k\hbfb ljbmfnZfb b mki_oZfb \k_fb

k\hbfbijh\ZeZfbb hrb[dZfb

 Ihkdhevdm y iheghklvx \eZ^_x kh[hc lh fh]m \ dhg_qghf

kq_l_ magZlv b bkihevah\Zlv k_[y qlh[u ^_ckl\h\Zlv \k\hbo

bgl_j_kZo

 Kms_kl\mxl \_sb dhlhju_ f_gy haZ^Zqb\Zxl b ^jm]b_

dhlhjuo yihdZ g_ agZx Gh ihdZ y ^jm`_ex[_g ih hlghr_gbx d

kZfhfm k_[_ yfh]m k fm`_kl\hf b gZ^_`^hc bkdZlv j_r_gby

]heh\hehfhdb kihkh[u[hevr_magZlvh kZfhfk_[_

DZd[uygb\u]ey^_ebgba\m qZeqlh[uygb]h\hjbebgb

^_eZeqlh[uygb^mfZebgbqm\kl\h\Ze\ex[hc^Zggucfhf_glwlh

mgbdZevghb Zml_glbqghfg_

 Dh]^Z y ^mfZx hlhf dZd \u]ey^_e b a\mqZe qlh kdZaZe b

k^_eZedZd^mfZeb qm\kl\h\Ze y fh]mhl[jhkblv\k_ qlh aZohqmY

fh]mkhojZgblvlhqlhhdZaZehkvmf_klgufY fh]mbah[j_klbg_qlh

gh\h_\f_klhlh]hqlhhl[jhkbe

 Yfh]m \b^_lv keurZlv qm\kl\h\Zlv ^mfZlv ]h\hjblv b

^_eZlv M f_gy _klv bgkljmf_glu qlh[u \u`blv [ulv [ebadbf

^jm]bf [ulv ijh^mdlb\guf b ba\e_dZlv kfuke b ihjy^hd ba fbjZ

ex^_cb \_s_c\g_f_gy

Y \eZ^_xkh[hcke_^h\Zl_evghyfh]mbaf_gblvk_[y

Y ²wlhybyohjhr

Y ijhsZxk_[_ex[mxhrb[dmb ijhklmihdihhlghr_gbxd

kZfhfmk_[_

Y ijhsZx\k_h[b^udhlhju_ijbqbgbebfg_^jm]b_ex^b

 Y ijbgbfZx gZ k_[y hl\_lkl\_gghklv aZ k\hx kh[kl\_ggmx

`bagvb ml\_j`^Zxqlhgbdlhg_bf__l\eZklbgZ^fhbfbj_r_gbyfb

[_afh_]hihegh]hkh]eZkby



PblZlZ ba  IjhjhdZ =b[jZgZ ih^\h^bl wlh ijbeh`_gb_ d

dhgpm

<u g_ aZdexq_gu \k\hbo l_eZo G_ h]jZgbq_gu ^hfZfb b

iheyfbLhqlh_klv\u`b\_lgZ^]hjhcB [jh^blk \_ljhf

Wlh g_ \_sv dhlhjZy ihea_l \ k_jh_ aZ l_iehf Beb dhiZ_l

ghju\ l_fghl_ ^ey[_ahiZkghklb Gh \_sv k\h[h^gZy^mo dhlhjuc

h[e_dZ_la_fexB ^\b`_lky\wnbj_

Ijbeh`_gb_

FZg^heZghf_j 

WlZfZg^ZeZ²[hevr_q_fijhklhbhjgZf_glwlhi_j\ucrZ]

d dhgljhex \Zr_]h ijZ\h]h l\hjq_kdh]h ihemrZjby <u \iheg_

fh`_l_ h[gZjm`blv qlh \Zs_ \_j[Zevgh_ e_\h_ ihemrZjb_ klZg_l

njmkljbjh\Zgguf ihlhfm qlh hgh g_ fh`_l aZgbfZlvky

ijhkljZgkl\_ggufb hlghr_gbyfb b i_j_klZg_l gZ \k_ h[jZsZlv

\gbfZgb_ Lh]^Z ijZ\h_ ihemrZjb_ \Zr_]h fha]Z gZqg_l \klmiZlv \

k\hbijZ\ZFZg^ZeZihfh`_lhlukdZlv \ZffheqZgb_dhlhjh_lZblky

]^_lh]em[hdh\\ZkkZfbo

Ky^vl_ m^h[gh b ^_j`bl_ jbkmghd i_j_^ kh[hc

Khkj_^hlhqvl_kv gZ p_glj_ nb]mju b gZ[ex^Zcl_ aZ hjgZf_glhf

Ihqm\kl\mcl_lhqlh\uau\Z_lhjgZf_glKfhljbl_gZp_gljfZg^Zeu

^h l_o ih j  ihdZ g_ ihqm\kl\m_l_ k_[y dhfnhjlgh <bamZevgu_

hjgZf_glu[m^mlf_gylvky_keb\ukhkj_^hlhqbl_kvgZp_glj_



FZg^ZeZihfh`_l\Zf

Khkj_^hlhqblv\Zr_\gbfZgb_

Mkihdhblvs_[_l\Zr_]h\gmlj_gg_]h^bZeh]Z

 Hl\e_qv e_\h_ ihemrZjb_ dhlhjh_ g_ fh`_l aZgbfZlvky

ijhkljZgkl\_ggufbhlghr_gbyfb

Iha\heblvijZ\hfmihemrZjbx^hfbgbjh\Zlv\ l_q_gb_^eb

l_evgh]hi_jbh^Z\j_f_gb

FZg^heZghf_j 

Rjb YgljZ kZfZy ihqblZ_fZy ba \k_o fZglj khklZ\e_gZ ba

kp_ieyxsbokylj_m]hevgbdh\hkgh\ZgguogZ_^bghflj_m]hevgbd_

gZijZ\e_gghf \gba ² kbf\he_ `_gkdhc khab^Zl_evghklb B g_]h

jZa\b\Zxlky \k_ fm`kdb_ b `_gkdb_ nhjfu `bagb h[hagZ q_ggu_

lj_m]hevgbdZfb gZijZ\e_ggufb \\_jo b\gba jZkijhkl

jZgyxsbfbkydZddhgp_gljbq_kdZyjy[vgZ\h^_



FZg^heZghf_j 

HdghJhau ojbklbZgkdh]h kh[hjZh[uqghkfhljblgZaZiZ^ \

gZijZ\e_gbbjZykh]eZkgh^j_\g_cyauq_kdhcljZ^bpbbAZiZ^²wlh

lZd`_ lZbgkl\_ggZy a_fey aZoh^Z khegpZ dhlhjmx kj_^g_\_dh \u_

fbklbdbij_\jZlbeb\ \her_[gmx a_fexmijZ\ey_fmx[h`_kl\_gghc

dhjhe_\hc

OjbklbZgkdb_ dhg]j_]Zpbb ih\_jgmebkv kibghc d `_gkdhc

jha_\ aZiZ^ghfhdg_b h[jZlbebebphd fm`kdhfmkbf\hemdj_klZgZ

\hklhd_

EBL?J:LMJ:

$HVFK\OXV  2UHVWHLD 7UDQVODWHG E\ +XJK /OR\G-RQHV 

YROV(OHFWURQLF7H[W

$HVFK\OXVF <K 7KH)XULHV

$VVDJLROL5  3V\FKRV\QWKHVLV :HOOLQJERURXJK 7XUQVWRQH

3UHVV $VVDJLROL 5  6\PEROV RI 7UDQVSHUVRQDO ([SHULHQFHV

/RQGRQ7LN,QVWLWXWHRI3V\FKRV\QWKHVLV

$VVDJLROL57UDQVSHUVRQDO,QVSLUDWLRQDQG3V\FKRORJLFDO

0RXQWDLQ&OLPELQJ /RQGRQ7LOH,QVWLWXWHRI3V\FOLRV\QWKHVLV

%DFRQ )  7KH 1HZ $WODQWLV &LWHG LQ *UHDW /LWHUDWXUH

&'5203DUVLSSDQ\1-%XUHDX'HYHORSPHQW,QF

%ODNH :  &LWHG LQ 2[IRUG 'LFWLRQDU\ RI 4XRWDWLRQ DQG

0RGHUQ4XRWDWLRQV(OHFWURQLF(GLWLRQ 2[IRUG2[IRUG8QLYHUVLW\

3UHVV

%ROHQ-6*RGGHVVHVLQ(YHU\:RPDQ 1HZ<RUN+DUSHU

DQG 5RZ %ROHQ -6 *RGGHVVHV LQ (YHU\ 0DQ 1HZ <RUN +DUSHU DQG

5RZ%URZQ07KH8QIROGLQJ6HOI /RV$QJHOHV3V\FKRV\QWKHVLV3UHVV

%URZQH75HOLJR0HGLFL&LWHGLQ*UHDW/LWHUDWXUH &'520