Stroscio Michael A., Dutta Mitra. Biological Nanostructures and applications of Nanostructures in biology: electrical, mechanical and optical properties
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INDEX
Cells (cont.)
peak height of, 86
signaling of, 70
sorting of, 37
Cruciforms, 99
Cytoskeleton
actin filaments as components of, 70
agents for disruption of, 72
flow-induced shear stresses in, 69
intermediate filaments as components of,
70
microtubules as components of, 70
of mesenchymal stem cells, 69
in relation to endothelin-1 gene
expression, 86
role of in cell differentiation, 72
Cytochalasins
as cap of actin fialment, 72
role in cleaving actin filaments, 73
Dielectric constant
of water, 22
Diffusion dynamics
of glycine receptor, 10
DNA
double-stranded, 99
recombination, 99
repair, 99
replication, 99
transcription, 99
transfection, 51, 54
Dye
photobleaching of, 1
EDC
as cross linking agent, 9
Electroreflectance
at semiconductor-electrolyte interface, 16
Eigenenergy
of quantum dot, 23
Emission spectrum
fluorescent, 41
of quantum dot, 40
Endocytosis
of quantum dots in cells, 45
receptor mediated, 45
Energy
band, due to surface states, 39
of bandgap in a semiconductor, 24, 40
at conduction band edge, 15
at valence band edge, 15
Flourescent resonant energy transfer (FRET), 47,
109
Flourophores
as labels, 45
photobleaching of, 37
Fluid
interstitial, 71
Force of fluid flow, 84
Genes
downregulation of, 71
expression of, 37
mechanosensitive, 69
upregulation of, 71
Glycine
receptor, 10
Glycocalyx
drag on created by fluid flow, 71
surrounding cells, 74
Graphene
as surface layer of CNT, 52
Ground state energy
shift in due to dielectric environment, 22
Hairpin, 99
Hairpin closing
activation enthalpy of, 117
Hairpin formation
free energy of, 103
kinetics of, 101
reaction coordinate of, 103
thermodynamics of, 101
trapping of misfolded states during, 131
in viscogenic solvents, 129
Her2
breast cancer marker, 9
Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
antibody, 9
conjugates with, 5
quantum dots functionalized with, 12
Integrin
cellular, 2
binding to peptide, 19, 20
binding to peptide-quantum-dot complex,
28
linked to actin cytoskeleton, 71
Ion channel
compared with semiconductors,
171
integration with carbon nanotubes, 166
as ion-conducting membrane proteins,
162
porin, 163
potassium ion channels, 164
switching with polar quantum dot, 18
Lattice vibrations
acoustic, 13, 24
optical, 2
Ligand
interaction with receptor, 5
Nanocrystal
CdSe-based, 2
core-shell, 6
DNA functionalized, 2
excited state lifetime of, 38
gallium nitride (GaN), 4
peptide functionalized, 2
semiconductor, 1,2
INDEX
177
Levy distribution, 16
Maltose binding protein, 7, 47
Mass
effective, of electron, 14
effective, of hole, 14
Mechanobiology, 71
Mechanotransduction
as a result of cytoskeletal displacement,
71
as a result of second messengers, 71
Mercaptoacetic acid, 8
Mesenchymal progenitor cells, 70
see also Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
biochemical characterization of, 70
differentiation of, 70
differentiation of into adipocytes, 72
differentiation of into chonodrocytes, 72
differentiation of into osteoblasts, 72
generation of bone-like tissue from, 70
marrow-derived, 69
mechanical modulation of, 69
nanomechanical characteristics of, 70, 87
nanostructural characteristics of, 70
regulated by micromechanical stresses,
70
response to mechanical stresses, 69
studies of using atomic force microscope,
70
surface roughness of, 87
Microbeads
polymeric, 17, 47
Microscope
atomic force, 57, 70, 74
confocal, 16
electron, 74
fluorescence, 27
inverted, 10
Nanoelectromechanical systems, 63
Nanoscale devices
assembly with precursors, 150
bioinspired approaches to building, 149
biology as model for, 152
Nanoscale structures
assembly of, 151
assembly of with microbial systems, 155
bioinspired approaches to building, 149
Nanotubes
carbon-based, 51; see also Carbon
nanotube
Neuron
electrical activity of, 56
Oligonucleotide, 6
Organometallic
synthesis of quantum dots, 42
Peptide
as coating of quantum dot, 8, 18
Peptide (cont.)
CNT functionalization with, 51
selective binding to integrin, 19, 20
Phage display
screening for selection of molecules, 156
Photobleaching
resistance of quantum dot to, 45
Photoluminescence
laser stimulated, 5
spectrum, of quantum dots, 15
phonon sidebands of, 24
Phonon
acoustic, 13, 24
confinement shifts, 17
spherical acoustic, 25, 26
surface optical (SO), 13
torsional acoustic, 25, 26
Poisson-Nernst-Planck equation, 165
Polymers
hydrogels, 69
Polynucleotides
hairpin formation in, 99
Pyrenyl groups
bonding to CNT surface, 56, 57, 58
Quantum dot
blinking of, 16
biocompatible, 44
cadmium sulfide (CdS), 2, 3, 37
cadmium selenide (CdSe), 2, 12, 37, 40
cadmium telluride (CdTe), 2, 3
characterization of, 41
colloidal suspension of, 2, 4, 16, 27
core-shell, 5
dihydrolipoic acid coated, 9, 10
DNA-functionalized, 6, 11, 47
emission spectrum, 1, 2
excited state of, 38
gallium nitride (GaN), 3
ground state of, 38
indium arsenide (InAs), 37
indium phosphide (InP), 37
inorganic capping of, 43
lead selenide (PbSe), 2, 3, 4
lead sulfide (PbS), 2, 3
of wurtzite structure, 15
organic capping of, 43
peptide coated, 8
peptide functionalized, 8, 11, 18, 27
photoluminescence spectrum of, 15
polymer coated, 15
protein functionalized, 11, 47
quantum yield of, 4
self-assembled, 2
semiconductor, 1, 37, 48
silica coated, 5
CdS,
27
streptavidin functionalized, 9
178
Quantum dot (cont.)
synthesis of, 41
zinc selenide (ZnSe), 37
zinc sulfide (ZnS) capped, 4
zinc sulfide capped CdSe, 4, 6, 9, 39
zinc oxide (ZnO), 3
Quantum well
semiconductor, 14
infinitely deep, 14
Quantum yield
of quantum dot, 4, 40
Raman scattering, 2
Receptor
interaction with ligand,
5
RNA
as a single-stranded molecule, 100
folding, 100
small interfering (siRNA), 100
Scanning modes
of atomic force microscope, 77
Semiconductor
bandbending in, 13
Serotonin, 7, 11
Spontaneous polarization
of aluminum nitride, 17
of gallium nitride, 17
INDEX
Spontaneous polarization (cont.)
of indium nitride, 17
of wurtzite semiconductor, 15
of zinc oxide, 17
Streptavidin
quantum dots functionalized with, 12
interaction with CNT systems, 58
Tissue
adipose, 70
bone, 69, 70
connective, 70
cartilage, 69
engineering of, 69
engineering of bone, 70
engineering of cartilage, 70
ligaments, 69
muscle, 69, 70
neural, 70
skeletal, 69
tendons, 69, 70
Transferrin, 5
Trictylphosphine (TOP), 6, 42
Trictylphosphine oxide (TOPO), 6, 42, 44
Wavelength
de Broglie, 14
of electron, 14