Stanyer Peter. The Complete Book of Drawing Techniques

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The illusion of form

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You can clearly see the 3D effect in these

examples.

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ROTRING OR RAPIDOGRAGH PEN,

FELT TIP AND FIBRE TIP PEN.

Artists who have been specially trained often

create drawings with these pens. These

people are usually architects who have

studied the subject at university. I am

showing these examples as something that

you might aspire to in the future when you

have had more experience at drawing, rather

than attempting them now.

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Pens – projects

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FELT TIP PEN PROJECT

DRAWING OF A HARBOUR

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Start this drawing by drawing the com -

position ﬁrst with pencil. That way, if you

make any mistakes you can rectify them by

rubbing them out. To establish the

composition or the drawing on the paper,

use your previous learning. For example, use

the window mount to help you frame your

picture. As you look through the window on

the world move it about to establish a

composition that you are happy with. Then

draw what you see through the window on to

your paper, placing and mapping the objects

in the scene relative to the proportions of the

paper. The drawing on the paper should

mirror exactly what is seen through the

window mount but on a lager scale (see the

example of the rough pencil sketch).

Now you have established your

composition you can begin to draw over the

pencil lines with a felt tip pen that is best for

making lines. With this pen one can also imply

the idea of texture, as shown in the drawing

on the doors of the warehouses. One can also

make tonal areas with this pen. In the drawing

I have made tone by using a series of parallel

diagonal lines at the foot of the buildings to

give a transparent impression of glass or shop

fronts. To give a sense of the windy weather I

have drawn the clouds with a rhythmical

squiggly line that gives the impression of

movement across the sky. Plus the drawn line

which implies the telegraph wires has been

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drawn as though it too is being rattled by a

gusting wind. This line too is rhythmical, but

it has a different tension to it than the lines

that denote the clouds. The railings are drawn

by one long horizontal line for the top and a

series of small vertical lines spaced evenly.

The sea wall is indicated by drawing a

series of irregular squares and oblongs that

express a brick pattern. To draw in the

windows I have used a felt tip pen that has a

square chiselled end to it, and it is the right

proportion to make just the scale of mark that

I need to put in the widow tone. Where there

are four window panes I have made four

marks with this pen leaving a slight gap

between the marks to indicate the window

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frame, and similar with the other windows. In

the foreground I have used a much thicker

pen to make bolder and stronger marks so

they appear to come forward in the picture

space. Some of these marks are very regular

and follow the form of the boats to give the

impression of the wooden planking that the

boats are made of. Other marks are more free-

ﬂowing to give the impression of the sea

lapping up to the shore, and other areas are

made up of dots to give the impression of the

beach or the shore. The windows on one of

the boats have been drawn by toning them in

and just leaving a few white spaces to give the

idea of reﬂection.

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CORRECTION FLUID TEXT FOR

ILLUSTRATIONS

1/ Correction ﬂuid comes in a small

plastic bottle and the applicator which is like

a small brush is attached to the top of the

bottle. To use the ﬂuid dip the brush into the

bottle and then apply to the appropriate

area. One usually uses this type of

application to cover larger areas.

2/ Correction pens are made of the same

ﬂuid but the applicator is in the fashion of a

ballpoint pen. Therefore it is more suitable

for correcting ﬁne work, and can also be

used to draw with, making a white line on a

dark background.

3/ Chinese white is the traditional form of

correction ﬂuid. Chinese white is a white

water-based paint that one applies over the

offending area using a brush. It is not as good

at covering the mistake as correction ﬂuid.

Following are two drawings done after

Picasso using correction ﬂuid and correction

pen - not as a correction ﬂuid but as a

drawing tool. As mentioned before in

previous chapters, correction materials can

be used as a positive part of the application.

I have copied two drawings by Picasso. It’s

standard practice for beginners to copy the

great masters and these drawings very much

lend themselves to the use of correction

ﬂuids. Start by choosing an appropriate

drawing for this project. The drawing should

contain light and dark contrasts plus the use

of white lines over the dark areas. Set

yourself up with the materials. This should

consist of a piece of paper that has been

stretched, because we are going to put down

some washes. You also need a ﬂat headed

brush to put the washes down, a pencil to

lightly draw the composition, a dip pen,

Indian ink, and some water to dilute the ink

to make some thinner washes.

Start by taking the pencil and lightly

sketch in a copy of your chosen artist’s work.

When you have ﬁnished this and you are

happy with the composition you can draw

over this with the dip pen and ink. After this

Tippex ﬂuid.

Tippex pen.

Chinese white.

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Correction ﬂuid

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start to put in the tonal areas. Lay the

darkest tones down ﬁrst, followed by the

thinner lighter tones. To make the lighter

tones, put a little water in a dish and add

some ink to it, then test the strength of the

tone you have made by brushing this ﬂuid

on a practice piece of paper. If you need it to

be darker then add some more ink. If you

want it to be lighter then add some more

water. Keep testing the strength of your

tones before you apply them to your

drawing. When you are applying them to

you work your aim is to copy where the

tones are on the original drawing. If you

make some tonal areas too dark your can

lighten them by putting down a layer of

correction ﬂuid over it. You can cover the

area very opaquely and then lay another

wash over the top again to get it right.

Alternatively, one can try to brush the ﬂuid

onto the area in a less opaque manner so the

tone underneath still shows through and

you have achieved the right level of tone. If

the tone you have put down is not dark

enough then you can wait for it to dry and

then put a darker tone over it. You should

now have a tonal drawing that has little or

no evidence of line as it will have been

obliterated by the tonal overdrawing. You

are now in the position of putting down the

lines with both the dip pen and ink and the

correction pen. Over the white and lighter

areas, draw the line with the pen and ink,

copying the dark lines that will show up in

contrast against the lighter areas. In the

darker areas start to draw your lined image

with the correction pen. This will produce a

white line that will show up in contrast with

the darker areas. See the copies of the

Picassos’ that I have done.

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