Станко В.Н., Гладких М.І., Сегеда С.П. Історія первісного суспільства

JIO

me 6iJIbIIIY

pi3HOMaHiTHiCTb

HK

KaM'HHHX

ilmycrprn,

rax

i

KOHKpeTHHX

<pOPM

anapaas npaui.

51K

3'HCyaaJIH

apxeonorn

M03alqHicTb

MYCTb€PCbKHX

ilmycrpiH

rrOB'H3aHa,

nepenycix,

~

KOHKpeTHo-iCTOPH'lHHMH

<PoPMaMH

p03BHTKY

JIIO,nCTBa,

o6Me-

:lKeHHMH

HK y xaci,

TaK

i y

npocropi

. Ha urn

OCHOBi

apxeonoru

HaMaraIOTbCH

BizlTBOpHTH

KYJIbTYPHO-icTOPHqHHH

npouec y

nepaicaosry

cycnimcrni.

Ane

UH

rrpofinexa me .

3aJIHllIa€TbCSI

,nHcKYCrnHolO

. i norpeoye nonansuroro

BHBqeHHH.

2

s

3HapllAWl

npaui

MYCTb€PCbKOi

KYJlbrypH:

I, 6, 7, 8, 9 _ pl3Hi

mDH

CKpC6cJI ; 2 - S -

roctpOKOHe"HHKH;

10 -

oiJuuen

Hanenexo

nmue

KOPOTKH.H

orJIH,U

Jac06iB BHpo6mlUTBa

}-\e

-

annepranscsxoi

JIIO,nHHH.

HaH6iJIbllI

rrOIlIHpeHHMH

KaM'mIHM

It

,aMH

6YJIH

cxpefino,

CKo6eJIb,

rocrpoxoaesaax,

rrHJIKa

TO-

ii{

O

..

.

CKpe6JIa,

BHroTOB1leHi

3

MaCHBHHX

einuienis a60

IIJIaCTHH,

KPyTHH

po60qHH

KpaH,

rrpH.naTHHH.nJIH

CK06JIiHHH,

cxpefi-

IIJI

ra

piJaHHH

.

BOHH

BHKopHCTOByaaJIHCb

HK

.nJIH

p03piJaHHH

~

J1

c

a

fa

imuax

nponyxris xapsysaaaa,

rax

i

.nJIH

06po6KH IlIKi-

Pit

ra

iHllIHX

npenaeris

,nOMallIHbOro

B:lKHTK}'.

CKo6eJIi

-

6JIH3b-

i8'

:Ja

CBOIMH

03HaKaMH

no cxpeoen, ane

MaJIH

BHIM'laCTHH

po6o-

'""

KPaH

i

JaCTOCOByaaJIJ-JCSI

3,ne6iJIbllIoro

.nJIH

06p06KH nepesa

1\

KOCri.

3a Ix

nonovoroio

BHrOTOBmIllH

cnaca,

porarnaa,

JlY

-

Sjg{H

ra

inuri

nepes'sai

BHp06H.

rOCrpoKOHeqHHKH

- ynisep-

CanbHe

3HapSl.lUUl,SlKHM

pi3aJIH

H

06p06JISlJIH

TYIIIY

MHCJIHBCbKOI

~06Hqi

(KHHJl)KaJIH,

HaKOHeqHHKH

cnacis,

IlIHJIa

rouio).

nOpAA ia

KaM'SlHHMH

3HapSl.lUUlMH

neaaaepranscsxa

JIIO,nH-

Ha

IlIHpOKO

BHKOpHcTOByaaJIa

saapaaaa 3 nepesa 'ra

KiCTKH.

KiCTKa

B ueH 'lac me He .nyxe IlIHpoKO

CrrpHHMaJIaCH

HK

CH-

poBHHa

.nJIH

BHroTOBJIeHHH

saapazu,

O,nHaK

aa

M}'CTb€PCbKHX

noceneHHHX,

xoxa H B

HeBeJIHKrn

KiJIbKOCTi,

6YJIH

3Haii.neHi

xic-

nmi

JIOrraTOqKH,

IlIHJIa,

pianoaaairai

sicrpa,

HaKOHeqHHKH

cnHciB ra

,nPOTHKiB.

TaK, na

rrOCeJIeHHi

3aJIburirrep-JIe6eH-

IIJT3,llT

(HiMe'l'lHHa)

6YJIH

3Haii.neHi

yJIaMKH

rocrporo

KiCTHHOro

ICHH.lOKaJIa

,nOIDKHHOIO

70

CM

ra

para

me 3

pory

OJIeHH.

,uepeB'HHHX

snapans

6YJIO

3HaqHO

6iJIbllIe, npore,

HK

}':lICe

sa-

y&aJKYBaJIOCH,

36epira1OTbCSI

BOHH

.nyxe pinxo. HaH6iJIbllI

BHpa3-

HIlA

KOMIIJIeKC

nepes'aaax

3HapAAb

npencraaneana 3

rrOCeJIeH-

HH

KaJIaM60

(3aM6rn): xonansni

KOBrnbKH,

HO:lKi,

parauta,

saro-

TOBlJeHi

aa

nonoaoroio

sormo. 3arocrpeHHM i saraproeaamr aa

BOmi6ya xiaem, cnaca,

HKHH

JIe:lKaB

MDK

pe6paMH

CJIOHa

aa rro-

c:eneHHi

Jlepinren

(Hiaexxaaa).

CrrHC

6yB

BHroTOB1leHHH

3 TH-

c;y

i

MaD

,nOB:lKHHY

244

CM.

l.(iKaBHM

€

TaKO:lK

3Haii.neHHH

nepes'a-

t!.

~

i

Jl}'6HHH

3

KaM'SlHHM

HaKOHeqHHKOM

B

A<pPHUi.

Ocraania

"acOM

KIDbKicTb

3HaxmOK

ia nepesa aa

M}'CTb€pcbKHX

rrOCeJIeH-

J!Rx

3HaQHO

36iJIbllIHJIacb.

ToM}'

HeMa€

norpetia

HaBO,nHTH

6ara-

'P

npaxnanie

BHKopHCTaHHH

nepesa B

nofiyri

ra

rocnonapcrsi

~epraJIbCbKOIO

JIIO,llHHOIO.

rOJIOBHHM,

na

HaIIIY

JIYMKY,

€ re,

~O

3

usoro

'lacy nenani 6iJIbllIe

rrOIlIHplOlOTbCH

nepuri cxnaneai

3HapSl.lUUl

3

piJHHX

MarepiaJIiB:

nepesa,

KiCTKH,

KaMeHIO.

,ll.rnI

rro-

JiinbllIOro

P03BHTK}'

nepsicnoro

BHp06HHllTBa

ueH

e<PeKTHBHHH

!tXHonoriqHHH aacifi, nopaa ia

JIeBaJIJIya3bKOIO

rexaonorioo,

na-

6yoa€

nepcnexrasno

Ba:lKJIHBOro

3HaqeHHH.

Ilia 'lac

Bi.n'IyTHOro,

rrOXOJIo,naHHH

y

3B'H3KY

3 nacrynosr

lIK

CHM

aJIb

HOro

PHCCbKOro

3JIe,neHrnHH

JIIO,nH

Bee

sacrinre rro-

'

~

UIyKaTH

saraumoro

rrpHT}'JIKY

B nexepax,

JarraJIlOBaJIH

B

!PIX

BOrHHma

H

,no,naTKOBO

ofinaaaysana

nia

nocriaae

noaeur-

. Taxi

urrysni

:lKHTJIOBi

cnopyna neannepransuis

QIDIBJIe-

B 6araTbox nesepax Craporo CBiT}'.

,uocJIi,zoKeHi

BOHH

i B Hac

75

74

77

OOJIJOIl8HIDI neanaepraasuia aa nexepnoro BellMeDJI (sa C. Bypianou)

nesepa.

CKJI3,llaJIOCH

BOHO

is

.QBOX

KiMHaT.

Y

UbOMY,

.u06pe

aHoMY,

SIK

na

TOR

'lac,

:lKHTJIi

neannepransui

npoxamamt:

3

~n3,lla

no

6epe3eHb.

Ilia

sac

:lKOpcTOKHX

MOP03iB

YlHMKY

BO-

JaIlaJDOBaJIH nsa

sonouua

y npyria (esyrpiuraia)

KiMHaTi.

He MeHlll

3pyqHHM

i

3aTHlUHHM

6YJIO

:lKHTJIO

na

BHCOKOMY

. npasoro 6epera Ilnlcrpa

n06JIH3y

HHHilllHbOro cena

Mo-

.OBO

.

Ilocniaxeuns

usoro

:lKHTJIa

O.

TI.

lJepHHlUeM

y 1961 p.

o

cBiTOBOIO

ceacauieio.

I..I;e

6YJIO

HaH.uaBHillie

:lKHTJIO

y CBi-

3ro.uOM,

HK

Y:lKe

3ra.nyBMOCH

B nonepenasoxry poaaini,

6YJIH

HTi

H zrpenniuri

)lQITJIa,

Me

nci

BOHH

6YJIH

BHHBJIeHi

nicns

)~

.

\L,

<l

,

l1JJaH

(a) i

peKoHCTpyKlI.U1

(6)

MyCTh€pcbKOro

)K}ITJIa

3 MOJIOllOBO:

1 - BOnuune; 2 -

BeJlm

JdCl101

;

3 - IWriHIUI

-'---=- ~

...

-

...

~

o

''''

.

~

,

2 3

o

41.

•

\l~

~

'6~

0..

~.

a

s:

.f'1~

It.

~

~.'

~

~~i4:'

-

'...

c ,

. _

...

~

.~~

41~~~

•

• f"" (?

, d• •

"""=:?

u •

t;ti~··

(~o

~~.

--

-

.

---:.-

...

----

-

--

-- -

=----

=.. -

Y KpHMY. TaK,

)((HTJIa

B nesepax

KllK-K06a

i lJoKypqa, Ha,!lYM-

KY

.nOCJImHHKiB,

6YJIH

lIfI)"IHo

06JIa.nHaHi

aaropoxeio 3

KiCTOl(

rsapan,

6

Tlpore

aamuxaaiuroio, R no

roro

:lK

perensao nocninxeaoio €

)((HTJIoaa

cnopyna B nesepi Jlasape

(et>pamWI).

Tyr

apxeonoron

A.

JIIoM.n:e€M

6YJIH

P03Kpml 3a1IHI.lIKH

:lKHTJIOBOl

cnopyna

.uOIDlQ1-

.

HOIO

11 M i

lllHPHHOIO

3,5 M. Kapxac

)((HTJIa

CKJI3,llaBCH

3 15

CTO-

.

HKiB,

nepennereaax

:lKep.QHHaMH.

Iloxpiana

6YJIa

3p06JIeHa

3i

urxyp

rnapaa.

,Umi

JaxHC1)'

:lKHTJIa

aa

BHn3,llOK

nenoronn Ttl

lUKBaJIbHOro

nrrpy 3

MOpH

nepea

BXO.nOM

no nexepa 6yna

36y.u0Ba--

aa KaM'ffila crimea, a

CaM

sxia

.uo

)((HTJIa

6YB

nOBepHYfHH

ycepe-

76

roro,

HK O.

II.

qepHHw

JlOBm, WO aeannepransul A 6iJrbw pan ,

Hi

JIlOJlH

BMiJIH cnopYIDK}'BaTH

JKHTJla,

6iJIbwe

roro,

B

nepion

MYCTb€

BOHH

MaJIH IDKe BeJlHKHA

nocsin

Y 6YJlmHHllTBi 1myqHHX.

cnopYJl. .

.

cMOJlOJJ.OBCbKe.

)lGfTJlO

SIBJUI.1IO

c06010 oxpyrny

cnopyny

3

)l(epJlHH y

BHrmuti

'IyMy

a60

HPaHrH, BKpHlY WKypaMH TBaPHIi

A

06KJ1aJJ.eny

KiCTKaMH MaMYJ'l. Bin

JKHTJla

3aJIHWMaCH JlHWe

xinsueaa

BHKJlaJJ.Ka

3 KiCTOK, HKa

oropoxysana

nnoury

npH6J1H3-

HO B

40 M2 (5 x 8 M).

3a

cnocrepexemeraa O.

II.

qepHHwa,

BOHO

TaKO)l( 6YJlo

nonineae

na

JJ.Bi

npH6J1H3HO

OJlHaKOBi

KiMHa-

TH A

MaJIO

we

JJ.Bi

nend

npH6YJJ.OBH

3

saxony

i

cxony

. B

JKHTJli

nia

'lac

MeWKaHIDI neaanepransuia

JaJIaJIIOBaJIHCH

JJ.Ba

BOrnH-

ina.

KpiM

roro,

rra

nianosi

npocrexyiorscs

me

cniaa

Biu nexins.

KOX

HeBeJIHKHX KOClpHlU.

IIoHBa

nOCTiiiHHX)lGfTeJl CBiJlqHTb

npo

BiJlqymi

3MiHH B

no-

aeninui

HeaHllePTaJIbCbKHX

1Il0JJ.eA,

lxHboMY

cnocotii

:>KHTTSI,

rocnonapcrai. Binsuricrs

JJ.oC1liuHHKiB,

cnHPaIO'lHCb

aa

ui

$aK-

TH,

JJ.OXOJ,UlTb

BHCHOBKY,

uro

aeanaepransui

BeJlH

ociJIHA

cnoci6

:>KHTTH,

niuTPHMyBaJIH JJ.06pi

CTOCynKH

He JlHWe 3

MeWKaHlJ:SlMH

CBOro nOCeJleHIDI, a A 3

yciMa

CBOiMH

cycinaaa,

06MiHIOBaJIHCH

3 HHMH

JJ.oCBiuoM,

BCTYJIanH

y I111ll06Hi

CTOCynKH.

HaKonHtleHHA

JJ.oCBiu

KOJleKTHBHoro n01l1OBaHIDI, a

TaKO)l(

3pocTaHIDI csinoxocri,

YJJ.OCKOHaJIeHiuI:

3HapAAb

npaui,

aanaro-

Jl)I(eHIDI riCHHX COniaJIbHHX cTOCynKiB

MiJK

MeWKaHWIMH

noce-

neas,

CKJlM

mrnx

CTaB

6iJIbW CTa6iJIbHHM, a

xinsxicn,

JlOCBiu-

qeHHX 'lJIeHm

3Ha<IHO

3pOC1la,

CnpHHJIH <IiTKimrn

opranisauii

HK

MHCJlHBCTBa,

TaK i 36HPaJIbHHIJ:TBa.

Cnocrepexeaas

HaJJ.

CKJlaJJ.OM

MHCJIHBCbKoi 3,ll06H'1i aa

peWTKaMH

KiCTOK

TBapHH

aa

nOCeJleHHHX

BHHBH1IH

uixaay

JaKO-

HOMip~iCTb:

aa

6araTbOX ia HHX

nepesaxana

3Jle6iJIbWOro KiCT-

KH

OJJ.HOro

BHJlY

TBapHH: BeJJ.MeM, MaMYJ'l,

6iJoHa,

rrisaisaoro

OJleIDI, KOIDI,

BiC1lIOKa.

Bearrepesno,

raxa

JaKOHOMipHicTb

JJ.a€

3MOry npHnyCTHTH,

uto

B xinui

aurena

Ta B paHHbOMY

MYCTb€

CKJlaJIOCH

cneuianiaosaae nOJIlOBaHIDI.

Taxe nOJIlOBaHIDI

6YJIO

3Ha'IH0 e<l>eIcrHBHiwHM. Cnenianiso-

Bani

MHCJIHBW,

JIK

nOKa3Y1OTb

eTIfOrpa$i'IHi

JlOCJIiu:>KeHIDl,

JlOC-

KOHaJIime

BOJlOniJIH

JaCOOaMH

n01lIOBaHIDI

na

KOHKpeTHi

BHJlH

TBapHH, O

'CKi.m.KH

BOHR

JJ.06pe

BHB'IHJIH

nOBe.ztiHKy

npoMHC1IOBO-

ro

ssipa,

}toro

exonoruo

Ta

eronoriio,

YJII06J1eHi

MiClJ:Sl

BUmO'IHH-

KY TOmO.

Ile

JJ.aBaJI0

~MOry

TaKHM

MHCJIHBnHM

He TUrbKH Jl06pe

rtinroryaaraca

JJ.O

HClC1)'IIHOro npoMHCJIy, a A

rrposecra

Aoro

3

YPaxyBaHHHM

ycix

MO)lO]JlBHX

CHlYau:iit. Crtenianiaauia

rocnonap-

CTBa

aa

rrpoxacen

OJJ.Horo

3

BHJJ.iB

TBapHH y

KOHKpeTHOMY

npa-

pOJJ.HOMY

cepenoamni

He

BHKJIIOqaJIa

n01lIOBaHIDI

aa

iHIni

BHJlH

TBapHH, HaBnaKH,

aeanaepramari

pOOH1IH

ue

JamK,llH"

'BHX

.TH1IO

iHIlJI

H1I

a

1·

·

OC06J1HBOro 3HaqeHIDI Ha6YJlo

MHC1IHBCTBO

B €BpOneHcbKHX

epransuis,

SlKHM

JlOBOJlH1l0CSI

n01l1OBaTH

y

BIDKKHX

YMOBaX

OJJ.HOro

xnisrary

. )1.0

roro

)I(

36HPaJIbHHlJ,TBO

Y npH1lbOJlOBH-

30Hax Hee$eKTHBHe i satiearte-rye JlHWe

6JIH3bKO

10%

IlI}'KTiB

CnO:>KHBaHIDI.

Ilpore B niJIoMY

36HPaJIbHHlJ,TBO

He

CBOro

rocnonapcsxoro

3HaqeHIDI. ApXeOJlOfH

JlOBO

-

,

mo

aeaaaepranscsxa JlIOJlHHa, HaBnaKH, 3HaqHO

B,llOCKO-

06p06KY

nponyxria

36HpaJIbHHu:ma

WAAXOM

aanposa

-

HIDI

HOBHX

3HapAAb, TaKHX

SlK

necr

,

reprxa,

cTYJIa

routo.

B

u:iJIOMY

rocnonapcrso

i n06YT

aeannepranscsxoi

JlIOJlHHH

nopiBHHHO 3 apxanrponaxa Ja3HaJIH 3HaqHHX i B

JleSlKHX

BHnM-

Px

npHHIJ:HnOBO

Ba:>K1IHBHX

3MiH. 3apoJlH1lacSi H

noxana

WBHJl-

' :0

po3BHBaTHCSI

i

nOWHpIOBaTHCSI

HOBaTeXHOJlOrm

o6p06KH

xa-

eHIO.

MHCJlHBCTBO

OCHamyBaJIqcSI JlOCKOHaJIinIHMH

aaapanas-

, Ha6yaaJIo cneuianisauil, a 3HaqHTb

CTaBaJIO

e$eKTHBHiwHM,

B 6araTbOX

BHnMKax

CKJlMaJIO

OCHOay

:>KHTT€JlrnnbHOCTI

nep-

.BiCHHX KOJleKTHBiB. IToCeJleHIDI i

:>KHTJla

CTaJIH

cnpaB:>KHiMH

oce-

:.IlKaMH

couianisauil

JlIOJlHHH.

.

nOXOlUKEHHH CYCrnJ\bCTBA

(COIJIOffil-lE3)

XapaKTepHOIO

pHCOIO

paaasoro

erarry

CTaHOWIeHIDI JlIOJlH-

11K

Ta

i"i

lJ>YJlOBOi'

JlrnnbHOCTI 6YJlo BHHHKHeHIDI

cnenH$iqHHX

erocyaxia

Mix

PaHHiMH

roMiHiuaMH,

He

BJlaCTHBHX

Jl1IH

TBa-

pHHHOro

csiry.

Ile

6ya

CBo€piuHHH

nepion

$OPMYBaHIDI HO-

BHX, COWaJIbHHX BiuHOCHH,

nporarou

axoro

B 06'€JlHaHIDIX

epWHX

1I1OJJ.eA

iCHYBaJIH

rropaa ai CTapHMH, TBapHHHHMH

$op-

lIaMH

nOBeJJ.iHKH,

HOBi,

cyro

JlIOJlCbKi BJa€MOBiuHOCHHH. Y

!JPOneci

nianexrasaol

BJa€MOJlU iHCTHHKTHBHHX

ra

COniaJIbHHX

~PM

nOBeJliHKH

panaix

npeJlCTaBHHKiB

pony

Homo

BHHHKJla

OBa

icropasaa

cninsaicrs

-

cycninscrso,

paHHIO

$opMY

SlKO-

ro

B iCTOPHtlHrn

aayui

oCTaHHiM qaCOM npHHIDITO BH3HaqaTH

rrpaotiunnry.

~epeJIa

BHBlfeHWI

conioreaeay,

BiuTBopeHIDI

npouecy

BH-

HHKHeHIDI

JlIOJlCbKOfO

cycninscrsa

-

OJlHa

3 HaHCKJlMHimHX i

:

~

c

yn

e

p

e

'IJI

HBim

HX

np06J1eM iCTOpU nepslcaoro cycninscrsa,

pHMi iCTOPWlHi Jl)I(epeJla

Jl1IH

IT

BHpiweHIDI npaKTH'lHO

sincyr-

i.

JJ;OCJliuHHK

Ma€

crrpasy

JlHWe 3 n06iqHHMH Jl)I(epeJlaMH, KpiM

iJle8eJIHKoi lfaCTKH cBiuqeHb

apxeonorii

i atrrpononorii,

Cnpasni,

JlO

aanroro

sacy

He

36eperJIOCSI

)l(OJlHOro

cycnins-

, B

HKOMY

60JlaA y lpaHC<PoPMOBaHOMY BHrJIAAi JaJlHWH1IH-

79

78

CH

eJIeMeHTH

COUiaJIhHHX

CTOCYHKiB

panasoro

naJIeoJIiTY.

TJIy~

Ma'leHHH

nepesomds

y cepenoamui

.n.eHKHX

CHHnOJIireHHltX

cycninscrn

.LJ.JIH

peKOHCTPyKldi

COUiaJIhHHX

BmHOCHH

y

npaos,

uraai

3aB)l(.LJ.H

Ma€

iMOBipHHH

xapaxrep, a Ix

cnisaimroureana

B

xacl ssarani rrpodneaarsrsni. IIpaKTH'lHo

eTHOJIOrm

He

MO)f(e

nasirs

ia

MaJIOIO

'IaCTKOIO

ynesnenocri

BCTaHOBHTH

'lac

BHHHK~

HeHHH

roro

'IH

imuoro

eJIeMeHTa

rroseainxa

JIIO.n.eH

CHHrrOJIi~

reHHHX cycninscrn,

HKHH,

BO'IeBH.lI.h,

3aJIHllIHBCH

B ixHiH caino.

MOCTi

Bm

HeHMOBipHO

.n.aJIeKHX

xacia apxairrporris 'IH

aeaanep,

ransnia.

Tlpore,

He3BroKalO'IH

na

3.n.aBaJIOCH

6

KpHTH'IHY

cHTYauiIO,

iCTOpH'IHa

HaYKa

aaxomorana 3Ha'lHY

xinsxicrs

orrocepenxosa-

.

HHX

.LJ.)Kepel1,

HKi

naiors

3MOry ai

3Ha'lHOlO

MipOIO

niporinnocri

BWBOpHTH

OCHOBHi

MOMeHTH

BHHHKHeHHH

i

p03BHTKY

JIIO.n.Cb-

xoro

cycninscrsa,

Brisr

BapTO

3ayBroKHTH,

mo aci aaseneai na-

JIi peKOHCTPYKllii

MaIOTh

iMoBipHHH xapaxrep i He e

OCTaTO'IHH-

MH, a

THM

6mhllIe

6e3rrepeQHHMH.

I Bce-TaKH, HKi 3ac06H Ma€ y

CBO€MY

p03rrOpH.LJ.)KeHHi

icTOpHK

.LJ.JIH

BHB'IeHHH

rrpaoounura?

Ilepur aa nee ue

6e3rrocepe.n.Hi

naai

apxeonorii

Ta

airrpono-

norii

rrpo snapaaaa

npaui

Ta

<l>i3H'IHHH

BHrJIH.LJ.

Haif:.n.aBHillIHx

JIIO.n.eH

Ta

ixHix

npaurypis,

HaYKOBHH

aHaJIiJ

HKHX

nae 3MOry pe-

KOHCTPYIOBaTH

npouec

BHHHKHeHHH

Ta

panaix

crania

p03BHTKY,

nacavrrepen,

cycninsaoro

BHp06HHUTBa

-

OCHOBH

COUiaJIhHHX

BmHocHH

nepsicaocri.

Ha

CTHKY

6ioJIori'lHHX

(cTaHoWIeHIDI

npauoxoninaa,

P03BHTOK

PYKH

i

M03KY

-naJIeqaHTPOrrOJIOrm)

-

ra

COUiaJIhHHX

(sac

BHHHKHeHHH

i

BHrJIH.LJ.

nepurax

3HapH.LJ.b

npaui,

HaHBHicTh

CJIi.n.iB

Ixasoro

<l>YHKUioHaJIhHOro

BHKOpHC-

TaHHH,

CJImH

6y.n.iBHHUTBa

nepurax

«)l(HTeJIl}

-a60

BHKopHCTaHH~

npaponnax

CXOBHm

- apxeonoria) rtp06JIeM

iCTOpHK

Ma€ aia-

TBOpHTH

HMOBipHHH

narrpsu

npouecy

rrOCTyIIOBoro

3apO,lOKeH-

HH

Ta noztansuroro

p03BHTKY

cycninsnoro

BHp06HHuma,

T06TO

P03B'H3aTH

me omry, ane

B:lKe

«CBOIO

rrp06JIeMY».

P03MipH i

cTPYKTYPa

:lKHTeJI

panasoro

naJIeoJIiTY

e, xosa H

onocepenxoaamoa,

rrpore

.n.OCHTh

Ha.n.rnHHM

,lOKepeJIOM

.LJ.JIH

pe-

KOHCTPYKUii

'IHCeJIhHoro

CKJIa.n.y

nepsicaax

KOJIeKTHBiB.

P03Mi-

meHHH

apxeonorixaax

peurrox

na IIJIomi

rrOCeJIeHHH

'ra

)l(HTJIa

naiors

3MOry si

3Ha'lHOlO

MipOIO

niporiaaocri

p03rJIH.LJ.aTH

nn-

TaHHH

COUiaJIhHHX

CTOCYHKiB

Mix

ixHiMH MellIKaHwiMH.

Ba:lKJIH-

ni

MaTepiaJIH

OTPHMaHi

OCTaHHiM

'IaCOM

apxeonorasra mono pe-

KOHCTPYKUii

MeTo.n.iB

rrOJIIOBaHHH

Ta

opraaisauii

i

CTPYKTYPH

nepsicnoro

MHCJIHBCTBa.

KpiM

.n.aHHX

apxeonorii

'fa

airrportonorii,

icropaxa

nepsicao-

ro cycninscrsa

.LJ.JIH

BWBOpeHHH

rrpouecy

BHHHKHeHHH

Ta paaaix

CTa.LJ.rn

p03BHTKy

COuiaJIhHHX

Bi.n.HOCHH

.n.OCHTh

llIHpOKO

3aJIY'Ia-

10Th

cBi.LJ.qeHHH

TaKHX

HaYK,

HK rrpaxaronoria,

300nCHXOJIOm,

'o6iOJIorlH,

eTOJIOm

roino

. .

Cysacna

JIIO.lI.HHa

y

CBOm

nose-

,;

.aaneKO

Bi.n.iHllIJIa

Bm

TBapHHHOro

CBiTY

.

.naBHo

P03rnllIJIHCh

IHMax

CBOro

HK 6ioJIori'lHOro, TaK i

COuiaJIhHOrO

po3BHTKy

JIlo.n.eH

i cysacaax arrrponoiais.

O.LJ.HaK

3aJIY'IeHlUl

OCTaH-

iJaCOM

MarepiaJIiB,

nOB'HJaHHX

ia noseniaxoio rrpmraria, a

. it iHllIHX

rsapan,

Bi.n.KpHJIH

3Ha'lHi nepcnexrasa

.LJ.JIH

sin-

HIDI

COuiaJIhHHX

Bi.LJ.HOCHH

Y npaotiunrni (10. I.

CeMeHoB,

. Tix, I.

11.

Annpees, K. E.

<1>a6pi,

B.

II.

AJIeKC€€B,

.n.

MaK-

eaa,

<1>.

Ilarepcoa

Ta ia.).

Ha

)l(aJIh,

06cHr

ninpymnxa

He

aM

MO)I(JIHBOCri

p03rAAHYTH

aanponoaosaai

HHMH

xonuert-

'uiaJIhHHX

CTOCYHKiB

Y rrpaotiuraai.

pa06lIU1Ba.

CTPYKTYPa

H p03MipH rrepuroro

JIIO.n.ChKOro

.

bCTBa

3YMOWIIOBaJIHCH,

aacavnepen,

piBHeM

p03BHTKY

HHUTBa

i

)l(HTT€3a6e3ne'lYlO'IHMH

pecypcaxa

HaBKOJIHlU-

,ra

cepezrosmua. B eKOJIori'lHHX

YMOBaX

paaasoro

naJIeoJIiTY

3aOO3rre'leHHH

onaiei

JIIO.n.HHH

rrpo.LJ.YKTaMH

xapxysaaaa

i6Ha

6YJIa

reparopis

rrpH6JIH3HO

25

KM2.

TaKHM

'IHHOM,

aa

apxatrrponis y 30 oei6, a

cave

TaK

OUiHIO€ThCH

<l>axiBUH-

tepe.n.HiH

P03Mip

npaotnnana,

aeoexinno

6YJIO

rrpH6JIH3HO

KM2

TaK asaaoi

«KOpMOBOi»

reparopii,

T06TO

.n.OCHTh

HaCH-

oro

6ioMacolO

npocropy

p03MipOM

25 x 30

KM.

axa

CHTYaum

3YMOBHJIa

siaaocao

pyxJIHBHH

crroci6

)I(HTI€.n.i-

ocri H aeooxizmicrs rtocrynosoro posceneaaa nepnicaax

:

KTH

BiB,

uio

H

rrp1l3BeJIO

no

p03CeJIeHHH

me B

paHHhOMY

rra-

in

apxaarponis rro

BCrn

reparopii

Craporo

CBiTY.

He BH-

KIIID'IeHO,

uio

caste B ueH 'lac nepuroro

«BeJIHKOro

rrepeceneans

1lliB»

i

nO'laJIH

CKJIa.n.aTHCH

nepuri,

cyro

COUiaJIhHi,

3B'H3KH

JiIO.n.ChKltMH

cniJIhHOTaMH.

Ha

3MiHY

TBapHHHrn

60POTWi

aa

IijmmaHHH

rrpHHIIIJiO

HOBe

p03YMiHHH

KOpHCHOcri

cninsaax

.n.rn

!3a6e:me

'l

eHHIO

BmHOCHO

cnoKillHoi

)l(HTT€.n.iHJIhHOcri.

Crpyxrypa

rrpa06I.I.(HHH

3Ha'lHOlO

MipOIO

3YMOWIIOBaJIaCH

H

•

uio

BHpOmyBaHHH

JIIO.n.ChKOi

.n.HTHHH

nQTPe6y€

TPJlBaJIOro

;y,

.n.orAA.LJ.Y

sa neio. Ile

HBHme

·

3YMOWIeHe

HK 6ioJIori'lHHMH,

i

COUiaJIhHHMH

rrpH'IHHaMH:

BeJIHKHH

06'€M

roJIOBHOro

:

Ky

JIIO.n.HHH

<l>0PMY€ThCH,

roJIOBHHM

'IHHOM,

y nepuri

pOKH

Ii

, a He B

YTP06i

Marepi.

06'€M

M03KY

aaponxeaoro

He-

BIDrrH

CTaHOBHTh

scsoro 25 % 06'€MY

M03KY

nopocnoi

JIIO.n.H-

.

roni

HK,

CKa:lKThfO,

Y

unemanae

- 65

%.

imnoro

60KY, $opMyBaHHH ztopocnoi

JIIO.n.HHH

3YMOWIeHe

HHHM

KYJIhTYPHoro

Ha.n.6aHHH

cycninscraa Ta

<l>OpM

coni-

01rtosenimor. Bionorixaa

6y.n.oBa

JIIO.n.HHH

€

JIHlUe

rrpapoa-

nepenyaosoio

.LJ.JIH

onaHYBaHHH

KYJIhTYPOIO.

KpaCHBa

KaJ-

Mayrni €

JIiTepaTYPHOIO

<l>OPMOIO

Bm06proKeHHH

mel

~

JIIO.n.HHH

'ra npapona. Hacrrpaaai, B

peaJIhHHX

aarraaxax

:OBaHHH»

TBapHHaMH

nirea

oCTaHHi

MaJIH

MO)I(JIHBiCTh

300-

80

81

perm

CBO€

fiionorixae

)l(HTIH

nporsrosr

neaaoro

'lacy,

np0Te

BHaCJIinoK

iCHYBaHHH

y TBapHHHOMy

cepenoamni

,

BOHH

He nj:

.llmMaJIHCH BHIUe piBHH

noseniaxa

TBapHH. Binsure TOro,

BOIi

~

naairs

BTPa'laJIH

MO)I(JIHBiCTh

onaHYBaTH

JIlO.llChKY

MOBy

Ta

Co

.

uiansni

Q>oPMH

noaeninxa.

IU06

.llHTHHa 3Morna

CTaTH

JIIO.llHHOIO,

i'if neofixizuro

)l(H1'II

cepea

monea

i HaB'IaTHCH 6YTH

JIIO.llHHOIO.

Ile -

_

C

KJI

a,ll

H

li

~

TPHBaJIHif i

.llOCHTh

cynepexnaaaa

npouec.

51KIUO

TBapHHa

CTa~

.llOpOCJIOIO

aa 1 - 3 pOKH,

TO

.llHTHHi

.llJIH

usoro

nOTPi6Ho lie

MeHllIe, HK 12 - 16 pOKiB.

3a

ueif

'lac

.llHTHHa

3aCBOIO€

OCHOS.

Hi

eJIeMeHTH

JIIO.llCbKOi'

KYJIhTYPH.

Bionorixna

.llOpOCJIiCTb

HaCTae

aasirs

niaalure,

Orxe

, couianisauis

.llireif

€

O.llHHM

ia

Ba)l(JIHBifX

'IHHHHKiB

CTaHOBJIeHHH

cycninscrna

i 3anOpYKoIO

iforo

ycn

im,

noro

p03BHTKY B Maif6YTHhOMy.

)lorJlH,ll aa

.llHTHHOIO

BinBOJIiKaB

xmKY

Bin

yxacri

B

nome,

BaHHi, ane

nasaa

lit:

MO)I(JIHBiCTb

Y.llOCKOHaJIlOBaTH

CBOIO

Maif.

CTepHiCTh y 36HpaJIbHHUTBi Ta Be.lleHHi .llOMallIHhOro

rocnonap,

CTBa.

IIOJIIOBaHHH, HKHM 3aifMaJIHCH

nepeBIDICHO

'IOJIOBiKH,

aa-

6e3nelfYBaJI0 KaJIOprnHY

iJKy,

ane He 6yJIO

.llOCTaTHhO

Ha,lliifHliM

,lOKepeJIOM

)l(HTT€3a6e3ne'leHHH npa06IUHHH. 36HpaJIbHHUTBO

lK,

HaBnaKH,

6YJIO

.llOCHTb

CTa6iJIbHHM

,lOKepeJIOM

xapsysanaa, npo-

re

nasano MaJIOKaJIOprnHi npO,llYKTH xapsyaanaa. JIHllIe

pa30M

ui

naa

HarrpHMH

rocnonapiosamer

aafieanesyaana

ycniume

ic-

HYBaHHH

rrpa06IUHHH. Tosry HeMa€

aisxax

nincraa

CTaBHTH

na-

TaHHH rrpo

HKYCb

3aJIe)KHiCTb

'IOJIOBiKiB Bin

xmOK,

'IH

HaBnaKH.

51K

rrOKaJaJIH

cysacai

.llOCJIi.!OKeHHH,

6iJIbllI-MeHIlI CnOKrnHO

BH-

piInYBaJIHCb y rrpa06IUHHi

if

«rrp06JIeMH»

CTOCYHKiB

na

HHBi

Bin-

TBOpeHHH

caaoi

JIIO.llHHH

HK

fiionorixaoro

BH,lly.

Kpix

Marepi,

3Ha'lHY

POJIb

y

nornaai

sa

.llHTHHOIO

sinirpaea-

JIH

if

JIiTHi

JIIO.llH,

rrpore

BOHH, HK i .lliTH,

He.llOCTaTHhO

pyxnasi

i

rrOTPe6YIOTb

cnoxinaiuroro,

ocinoro

rr06YTY.

Pyxnasaa

cnoci6

)I(H1TH

MHClIHBUiB i 36Hpa'liB,

npa

HaHBHOcri

nirea

i JIiTHix

mo-

.lleif, nOTPe6yBaB

sxorocs

6aJOBOro rrOMeIlIKaHHH, ne UH

'IaCTH-

-,

na

rrpa06IUHHH

Morna

nepefiysara

Y 6iJIhllI-MeHIIl crn6iJIhHOM}'

craai. Haarrpocruuoio

q,OpMOIO

raxoro

6aJOBOro Ta60PY 6

YJlo

cTlli6HIUe

rrpOCTO

He6a,

a60

spy-nra

nexepa

. Binsur

CKJIa,llHOJO

q,OpMOIO

opraaiaauii

npocropy

rrpa06IUHHH aronox

CTaJIa

n06y-

noaa

)l(HTJIa.

)Iurrna

rrpa06IUHHH

na

paHHhOMy

erani

CBOro p03BHTKY

6a-

raro

B 'IOMy aaranyaana

CXOBHIUa

TBapHH. Ilexepa, HOpH, nir-

BHIUa, BJIallITOBaHi B 3aTHllIHHX MicUHX, Bin06pIDKaJIH

rrpHPO.ll

"

HY

norpefiy

6iOJIori'lHHX

opranisais

y

saxacri

Bin

HeraTHBHIiX

BnJIHBiB

rrpapona,

TaKHX HK HH3hKa

resmeparypa,

onaaa,

BiTP~

TOIUO.

II06Y.lloBa

CXOBHIU

TBapHHaMH €

rrpOHBOM

rnCTHHKTHBHOl

noaeninxa

,

3YMOBJIeHOi

rrpacrocysaaaau

no

HaBKOJIHIlIHhOfO

,OBHIUa.

Taxi

q,OPMH

noseniaxa

MO)K)'Th

6YTH

.llOCHTh

HMH i

BKJIIO'IaTH

uiny

HH3KY

nOCJImOBHHX

onepauin

3

010

3MiHOIO

Haif6mOK'IHX

.lliJIHHOK

naanuradrry.

51cKPaBHM

a,u,OM

y UhOMy

nizmoureaai

€ xaTKH

606piB,

n06Y.llOBaHi 3

83, riJIOK, MyJIY B

cacresd

sarar,

HKi 606pH

BJlalliTOBYIOTh

umBHIUeHHH piBHH

BO.llH.

IIpHKJIa,llOM

CKJIa,llHOi',

iHCTHHK-

oi

noseninxa

€

TaKO)l(

BJIallITYBaHHH

rrraxava

piJHHX THniB

is

BHKOpHCTaHHHM

npHifoMiB

CnJIiTaHHH

crefen

pOCJIHH,

eHWI 3 rJIHHH,

BH,llOB6yaaHHH

nynen

y CTOB6ypax

nepes

Ta

e

CKJIa,llHHMH

€

CXOBHIUa

MYPalliOK y sarnanl MYPaIlIHH-

,1 repMiTHHKiB.

Orxe,

6Y.llYBaHHH

CXOBHIU

€ npHpO.llHOIO

BiCTIO

)l(HBHX

opraniavis,

HKY

JIlO.llHHa

ycnaaxysana

if

BaJIa.llaJIi.

npore

)l(HTJIa

monea

npHHUHnOBO

Binpi3HHIOThCH

aia

cxo-

TBapHH

CBOlMH

COUiaJIhHHMH

q,YHKUmMH. )l(l{TJIO, B HKO-

!Bm6yaa€ ThCH BinTBOpeHHH

npaueaaaraoro

HaCeJIeHHH,

Bini-

He riJIhKH

aaarrrasay

pOJIh, nQB'H3aHY 3

npHCTOCyBaHHHM

H

no

HaBKOJIHIlIHhOro

cepenosmua,

a

if

CTa€

cepenosa-

CKJIa,llHHX

COUiaJIhHHX

npouecia

BHXOBaHHH

JIIO.llHHH.

01'-

piJHHUH Mi)I(

CXOBHIUaMH

'TBaPHH i

)l(HTJIaMH

JIlO.lleif nOJIH-

'1Ie CriJIhKH B

apxirexrypnia

CKJIa,llHOCTi

)l(HTJIa,

CKiJIhKH

B

ocri

COUiaJIhHHX

q,YHKUiH:.

aanpocriunora

q,opMaMH

JIlO.llChKHX

«)l(HTeJI»

€ saropoxi

airpy 3 riJIJIH

'ra

XMH3Y

i

rrpocri

HMH B

nicxy

a60

rpyari,

B

JIIO.llH

XOBaJIHCH

Bin

aerona,

Binsur

CKJIa,llHHMH

KOHCTPYK-

€

xypeai

3 riJIOK,

BKPHTI

TPaBOIO,

JIHCTHM,

oseperost

ia, )lOCHTh nOIlIHpeHHM

6ya

npHifoM

06JIallITYBaHHH

nesep

HHM Jarop0,lOKeHIDlM

axinaoi

'IaCTHHH.

mcaxoro nO'laTKY

)l(HTJIa,

oseaaano,

BHKOHYBaJIH

TaKO)l(

HH'li

q,YHKUii,

OCKiJIhKH

B HHX MornH

3.lliifCHIOBaTHCH

BH-

'HH'li

onepanii,

raxi

HK

BHroTOBJIeHHH

3HapMh

npaui,

no-

OIDIIY, rrpHroTYBaHHH

00.

Ilisuiure

)l(HTJIa

nepersoproaa-

, nO'laCTH,

na

BHp06HH'li npHMiIUeHHH ()l(HTJIa

pexicaa-

, nOKH, 3peIliTOIO, Bin HHX He

BinOKPeMHlIHCH

BHP06HH'Ii '

iIUeHHH

rnny

MaifcrepeHh, B HKHX

JIIO.llH

B)I(e

He )l(HJIH, a

:

1CH

npaUIOBaJIH.

e

3aB)I(.llH

JIerKO BH'lJIeHHTH

nJIOIUY

)l(HTJIa

B

KYJIhTYPHO-

api,

IUO 3aJIHllIHBCH Bin craponasnix nOCeJIeHh. OCHOBHH-

apxeOJIOri'lHHMH 03HaKaMH )l(HreJI

BBa)l(a€ThCH

HaHBHicTh

'CTpYKTHBHHX

eJIeMeHTiB. Ile

MO)l(e

6YTH

oropoxa

3 pi3HHX

pianis,

CKmMO,

3aJIHllIKiB CTiH, 3arnH6JIeHHH

na

Micui

i

nin

HerJIH60Koro

KOTJIOBaHY,

oq,opMJIeHHH

BXO.n:y

y BH-

p03JI0MiB Y CTiHi

a60

ecxaprry

B

KOTJIOBaHi

if

T. in. Ono-

~OBaHOIO

03HaKOIO KOJIHIlIHix

crin

'IH

oropoxi 3

opraaix-

MarepiaJIiB,

aia

HKHX He 3aJIHllIHlIOCH

peurrox

y

KYJIhTYP-

83

82

HOMY

urapi,

MOlKe

6ym

qiTKa JIoKaJIiJauiH nofiyronax

pellTOI(

y BHfIDUli

KOJIa

qH

OBaJIa,

aa

Me:lKaMH

HKOfO

snaxinxa

aycrp],

qaIOTbCH

nosdrao

MeHlle

.

JJ.O.lJ,aTKOBHMH

03HaKaMH

:lKHTJIa

MO_

:lKYTb

6yrH

3aJIHllIKH BOfHHlIla,

«llIJIeH<!>H»

aaaxinox

rr06mf3y

BXO.u.y

route.

Bmue

B:lKe

HaBO.lJ,HJIHCH

npaxnaaa

BHHBJIeHH5I

:lKHTeJI

na

craponasaix

rrOceJIeHIDIX

aurenscsxoro

ra

MYCTh-

cpcsxoro

'lacy.

OpraHiJyx>qHM

nempox

:lKHTJIa

qH

rrOCeJIeHHH

rrpa06lIlHHii

6yJIO BOfHHlIle. IHTeHcHBHe

BHKOpHCTaHHH

BOfHIO

CTap0.lJ,aB_

HbOIO

JIIOJiHHOIO,

HK

yxe

Ja3HaqaJIOCH

saure

,

<!>iKCyE:TbCH

3

aurenscsxoi

.lJ,06H.

BO.lJ,HOqaC

crpepa

BHKOpHCTaHHH

BOfHIO

6YJII1

.lJ,OCHTb

pisnoaanirni.

BOrRHlIle

cnyrysano

He TiJIbKH

Jl}lSI

ofiir,

piBaHHH

ra

oCBiTJIeHHH, a H

nparorysanns

00,

BHroTOBJIeHHSi

anapsns,

aarrpaxnan,

06rraJIeHHH KiHUiB paTHIIl

a60

KOrraJIbHHX

rraJIH'lOK. BHKOpHCToByaaBcH

noroas

npa

JaroHHHX

rrOJIIOBaH-

WIX, a

TaKO:lK

Jl}lSI

saxacry

nocenetrs

sin

XH:lKaKiB.

BH.ZJ,06YBaHHH

BOrRIO

<!>iKCyE:TbCH

3 KiHUH

auremo

-

noxar-

KY

MYCTbE:.

TaK,

aa

rrOCeJIeHHi 3aJIbUfiTTep-JIe6eHllTa.u.T (HH)\(-

HH CaKCOHiH,

HiMeqqHHa),

HKe

narycrsca

paHHiM

BIOpMOM

(rrpH6JIH3HO 50

THC

. pOKiB TOMY),

3Haii:.u.eHo

CyxaH

rpafi

- 'rpy-

TOBHHK,

HKHH

Mir

BHKOpHCTOByaaTHCb

npa

BH.ZJ,06YBaHHi

BOrRIO

KPecaHHHM. Y

nesepi

Kpaniaa,

B IOrOCJIaBii,

saaaneaa

sepere-

aononitiaa

namrsxa,

ofinaneaa

na

KiHUi. BOHa

Moma

BHKOpHC-

TOBYBaTHcb

Jl}lSI

BH.ZJ,06yBaHHH

BOfHIO

CBep.ZJ.JIeHHHM

..

me

O.lJ,HHM

cnocofiosr

BH.ZJ,06yaaHHH

BOrRIO 6yJIO

rrHJIeHHH

B

nonepe-nroxy

HarrpHMKY

.lJ,BOMa

.lJ,epeB'HHHMH

nouiesxaser

. Bin

usoro

crroco-

6y

niurna

BmoMi

CHMBOJIiqHi 306pa:lKeHHH BOfHIO y BHmHlli

xpecra.

Taxi 306pa:lKeHHH BmOMi 3

MYCTbE:PCbKOro

qacy

.

Orxe,

BHKopHCTaHHH BOfHIO 3HaqHOIO MipOIO 3a6e3rretIYBaJIO

icay-

BaHHH

npaofiutaua

i

cnpaano

BHp06JIeHHIO

JIIO.lJ,CbKHX

<!>OpM

noseniaxa. '

POJlb

nOJl108aHHR

y

tjJopMy8aHH;

cycniJIbcm8a.

Baine

B:lKe

aa-

3HaqaJIOCH,

1Il0

rrOJIIOBaHHH

i 36HpaJIbHHUTBO 6yJIH

O.lJ,HaKOBo

.He06xmHHMH )J.JIH 3a6e3rreqeHHH

rrpO.ZJ.YKTaMH

xaptIYBaHHSI

nepsicaax

cycninscra.

I

ue

cnpaani

TaK.

Ilpore

rrOJIIOBaHHH

,

aa

BmMiHy

sin

36HpaJIbHHurBa,

MaJIO

CBOI

nepesara

y IIJIaHi

couianisauii

JIIO.lJ,HHH,

p03BHTKY

COUiaJIbHHX

CTocYHKiB y

npa-

061IlHHi.

II

0 - n e p UJ e . Haniane i

rrpO.ZJ.YKTHBHe

rrOJIIOBaHHH

HeMO)l(

-

JIHBe 6e3

.lJ,OCKOHaJIoi

36poi.

Caste

aeotixizmicrs

36iJIblleHHSI

rrpo.u.yKTHBHOCTi

rrOJIIOBaHHH,

HOro

e<!>eKTHBHOCTi

H nanianocri

B 3a6e3rreqeHHi rrepaicaax

JIIO.lJ,eH

KaJIOpillHOIO

i:lKeIO

3YMOBJIIO-

BaJIa

rrocryrrosan

nporpecasaaa

p03BHTOK

3HapMb

rrpaui,

301<-

pesta

MHCJIHBCbKOi

36poi.

qoro

He

MO:lKHa

CKaJaTH

rrpo

3611

-

paJIbHHUTBO, HKe B 6iJIbllOCTi

BHUa.u.KiB

ssarani

He

norpetiysano

xi6a

1Il0

aaanpocriruol

KOrraJIKH,

<!>opMa

H

oaansne rrpaaaaseaaa HKOI 3aJIHllaJIHCH He3MiHHHMH

M

ycsoro

nepiony

nepsicaoro

CyCrriJIbCTBa.

Bonxoxac

iU!aBHimi

3HapM.ZJ.H

npaui

JIIO.lJ,eH

6yJIH rrOB'H3aHi 3

rrOJIIO-

Ta .06p06KOIO

MHCJIHBCbKOI

3.lJ,06H'1i.

B

nepury

xepry

.KOH

aJIIO

BaJIHCH

MHCJIHBCbKa

36pOH -

porarmra,

cnac

,

aJI,

JIYK

ai

crpinasor,

a

TaKO:lK

3HapM.ZJ.H

Jl}lSI

ix BHfOTOB-

Ta

06p06KH

rrponyxria

rrOJIIOBaHHH

-

pyqHi

py6HJIa,

KOHeqHHKH, cKPe6JIa,

COKHpH,

HOxi

TOIIlO.

o - ap ye

e.

Ha

BmMiHy

sin

36HpaJIbHHUTBa,

MHCJIHBCTBO

6YBaJIO

nepesaxao

cninsuax,

Y3ro,ZOKeHHX

.lJ,iH

KOJIeKTHBy,

seJIO

.lJ,0

HOro

sryprysaaua

H, 6e3rrepeqHO,

crrpHHJIO

BHHHK-

.lJ,OCKOHaJIillHX

3ac06iB KOMYHiKauii,

nepenoscla

MOpH.

:eKTHBHe

rrOJIIOBaHHH

BHMara.n:o

sin

HOro 'lJIeHiB

3.lJ,aTHOcTi

:,ll6aqaTH

aeofixinai

KOJIeKTHBHi

nii,

BMiHHH

KOpHCryBaTHCH

eM,

)J.HCUHIIJIiHH

ra

BJaE:MO.lJ,OrrOMOm,

Ja6e3rreqeHHH

He06-

01 qaCTKH

00

Jl}lSI

ncix

'lJIeHiB

yrpynonanna

He3aJIe:lKHO

sin

Ixnsoi

ysacri

y

rrpoueci

caaoro

nOJIIOBaHHH.

Iloxa6KH

B rrOJIIOBaHHi

.lJ,OCHTb

60JIIOqe Bm6HBaJIHCb

na

co-

HHX

CTOCYHKax

nepnicnax

KOJIeKTHBiB,

OCKiJIbKH

aecraxa

sena

.lJ,0

nopyuremor

HaJIaro,ZOKeHHX

COUiaJIbHHX

3B'H3KiB

yciMa

BepcTBaMH 061IlHHH.

HaH6iJIblle

sizt

necrasi

i:lKi

aJIH

.lJ,iTH,

xiHKH

i JIiTHi

JIIO)J.H.

OC06JIHBOro 3HaqeHHH UH

lJIeMa

Ha6yJIa B nOMipHHX i

rrpHJIbO.lJ,OBHKOBHX

30Hax, ne

'aJIbHHUTBO

He

Momo

Ja6e3neqHTH

JIIO.lJ,eH

He06xiuHOIO

KiCTIO

nponyxria

xapsysaaas.

Ilo-mpeme. CaMe

rrOJIIOBaHHH

3a6e3ne'IYBaJIO

npaofiunnry

CHOIO

i:lKeIO, HKa

CTaJIa

Ba:lKJIHBHM

,ZOKepeJIOM

eaeprii,

He.lJ,O-

01

HallHM

npaurypasr. BmOMHH

.lJ,OCJImHHK

nepaicaocri

1M

Ilpino

nacas

is

nsoro

npaeony: «nO:lKHBHi peqOBHHH, 1Il0

bCH

B M'HCi, speurroio

E:

nponyxraxa

nepepofixn

POC-

.HOI

00,

B TOMy 'IHCJIi

Tid,

HKY

JIio.lJ,HHa

casra

CrrO:lKHBaTH

He

l)lCe».

JJ.aJIi

BiH

3aYBa:lKYBaB,

1Il0

rrOJIIOBaHHHM

JIIO.lJ,HHa

.lJ,06y-

a H

TID{

TBapHH, HKi

KOqyBaJIH

.lJ,aJIeKO

aa

Me:lKaMH

IT

rrpo-

CJIOBOI

reparopii,

i TaKHM 'IHHOM

OTpHMYBaJIa

eaepriio

THX

aJIeHHX

perionis,

ne BOHa

caxa

He

6YBaJIa.

TaK

,

aeaaaep-

CUb, HKHH

BrrOJIIOBa:a

oJIeHiB

na

nienni

<I>paHuii,

3.lJ,06YBaB

I)KHTOK

sin

niBHiqHHX naCOBHIIl, ne

BJIiTKY

rraCJIHCH

oneni,

a

BiH y

ri

paaoaa

HKIIJ.OH

norpannas,

TO

,llY:JKe

pinxo,

JJ.OC-

HKH Ha3HBaIOTb

raxe

«)J.HCTaHuiHHe»

OTpHMaHHH

i:lKi

«icuy-

M aa paXYHOK

.lJ,apMOBHX

pecypcis».

T. Ilpino

BBa:lKaE:,

1Il0

ycix

3ac06iB

npHCTOCYBaHHH

opranisaia

Jl}lSI

OTpHMaHHH

YBaHHH ia HaBKOJIHllHbOro

cepenosmua

ueH

crroci6,

axuio

BpaXOBYBaTH

rrpmre

ninxopenas

HOro

cofii,

HaH6iJIbll

KTHBHHH».

85

84

Bap1'O

TaKO)l(

3a}'BIDICHTH,

uto

M'JlCO,

axe

MiCTHTb y

cofii

6in

.

KH,

:lKHpH

Ta

ByrJIeBO.zlH

'--

HaABIDKJIHBimi peqOBHHH, He06Xiluli

.aJIJI

icH}'BaHHJI opraaissry, 6yJIO He

nm.KH

CMa'lHOJO

DKelO

oc06JIHBO nicns rrpHroTyBaHWI

A9ro

xa BOrHHIl.{i. BOHO

npll~

C'K°PIOBaJIO

3pOCTaHWI

JIIO,aHHH,

cnpaano

3MilUfeHHJO

IT

$iJJilI.

Hoi

6y.aOBH

A,

OC06JIHBO,

P03BHTK}' M03KY. CrrmKHBaHWI

M'SIC.

Hoi

ixi

3MmHJIO

6ioxiMi'lHi

npoueca

B

opranisai

JIJO.aHHH,

uto

CTaJIO

8IDKJIHBHM

CTHMYJIOM

IT

6iOJIoriqHOro

rrporpecy

B rrepiOll

CTaHOBJIeHWI

$i3H'1HOro rarry

cysacaoi

JIIO.aHHH

.

CiMeiHo-llUlOOni

8ionOCIIHU.

O.llHHM ia

BIDKJIHBHX

KOMrroHelf.

ria

P03BHTKy rrpa06mHHH

6YJIO

<PoPMYmuiWl ciMeAHO-llIJII06.

HHX

Bi.aHOCHH.

:

~

H

a

K

nepur HDK po3rAAHyTH IlIO

rrpOOJIeMY,

'.aaMo

BH3Ha.

'IeH caMHX noasrrs «llIJIJ06» i «ciM'JI». Cyxacna HaYKa

BH3Ha

-

xae TaK: llIJII06 - ue iHCTHTyr, JlKHA perymoe

CTaTeBi

BmHO-

C MDK 'IOJIOBiKaMH i )({iJfKaMH. CiM'JI - ue iacrsrryr, JlKHii

perymoe

Bi.aHOCHHH

MDK

no.aP}')lOKSlM,

a

TaKO)l(

MDK 6aThKaMH i

.aiThMH. '

illJII06

i CiM'JI, JlK couiansui iHCTHTyTH,

MaJOTh

BHpilllHTH

nai Ba)KJIHBi np06JIeMH $YHKUioHYBaHHJI cycninscrsa: 1)

KOO-

nepanis

MDK )l(jHKaMH i 'IoJIoBiKaMH y

BHp06HH'liA

.aiJIJIbHOC-

ri, a TaKOX y Bi.aTBOpeHHi

JIIO.aCbKOro

po.ay i BHXOBaHHi

.aiTeH,

axe

norpefiye fiararo

3YCHJlb;

2) HaJIaroJOKeHHJI i

niarpavxa

llIHPOKOi Mepe)l(j coniam-aax 3B'Jl3KiB JlK Y

caMm

npaotiunnn,

TaK

i,

aacaxnepen,

aa

IT

Me)l(aMH. Binirpaiosa BHpimaJIbHY

pons y Bi.aTBOpeHHi

JIJO.aCbKoro

pony,

craresi

CTOCyHKH

€

CKJIa-

.aOBOIO

rrpouecy

CTaHOBJIeHWI

couiansnax

sinaocan

i cycnins-

CTBa

saarani.

Ileana

nincyrnicrs

rrpJIMHX

JOKepeJI

3

uiei

rrp06JIeMaTHKH

He

nae

3MOfH KOHKpeTH3yoaTH $OPMH,

eramr

i caM

rrpouec

CTa-

HOBJIeHWI ciMeAHO-llIJII06HHX

Bi.aHOCHH

B

icropii

JIIO.acTBa.

Ilpore

.lUUI

icropaxa

BaxJIHBO, rrepe.ayciM,

YCBi.aOMHTH

COUiaJIb-

HHtt

xapaxrep

CTaTeBHX

CTOCYHKiB

Y

rrpa06mHHi,

na

BiJiMiHy

BW

300JIori'lHHX Y

TBaPHHHOMY

cniri.

Cepen

$axiBuiB

ia rrp06JIeM

rrOXOJOKeHHJI

llIJII06y

i

ciM'i

ic-

BY€ 'IHMaJIO

rinores,

3aCHOBaHHX

na

Bi.aTBOpeHHi

npouecy

CTa-

HOBJIeHWI

CTaTeBHX

Bi.aHOCHH

Y

rrpaotiunrni

na

OCHOBi

cnocre-

pe)l(eHb Ha.a

opraaiaauiem

UHX cTocYHKiB y 300JIOriqHliX

06'€.llHaHIDlX.

Onaax HaYKa He xae HmKHX

.aaHHX

i rrpo

xapax-

Tep

CTaTeBHX

CTOCymdB Y oo3rrocepe.llHix rrorrepe.llHHKiBJIJO.aeit

- aBCTpaJIorriTeKiB.

I

roni

JlK

onocepeasosene

icropmnre

JOKe-

peJIO

BHKOPHCTOBYIOTbCJI

crrocrepexemrn

nan

CTaTeBHMH

CTO-

CYHKaMH

cvsacaax

npmraria,

nepur

sa see

aarponolain.

Ilpore

B .aaHoMY BHna.aKY rirrOTe3H

HayxoBlliB,

JlK i

rrpOJIBH

CTaTeBHX

crocYHKiBaHTpOnoi.ztiB, .BKpaA cyrrepel{JIHBi.

86

npHKJIa.aOM

opraniaauii

CTaTeBHX

crocyaxis Y unoarraaae,

Ta iHllIHX TBapHH, JlKi )l(HBytb rrapHHMH CiM'JlMH,

$axiB-

3HaJOTb

HaJlBHiCTb

napnoi

ciM'i

B

JIJO.aCbKOMY

cycrrinscrai

aApaHHillIHX eranax

Aoro

<PoP~HWI

,

'IH

naairs

y

npa-

'iB

JIJO.aeA.

Ha

panaix

eranax conioreaeay

BOHH

nparrycxa-

MO)I(JIHBicTb

6mblll-MeHlll

BmbHHx «noaauunosuax-

CTO-

'B

o60x

napraepis

llIJIJ06HOi napa.

mni

.aOCJIi.aHHKH,

cnapaioxacs

na npHKJIa.aH

HaJlBHOCTi

MHOi

CiM'i

B aarporroinia

ra

iHllIHX

npaxaria,

BBa)l(aJOTb,

caxe

TaKa ciM'R MaJIa

Micue

na nO'laTKOBOMY

erani

p03-

npaofiunma.

3a

ixHiMH

nparryinenaaser npaotiuraaa

ananacs 3

KiJIbKOX

rapexaax

06'€.aHaHb, RKi

'lac

ain

'lacy

imJIHBOM

norpef

BHp06HHUTBa

ra

3 iHllIHX

npH'IHH

rrepe-

nOByBaJIHCR, uro aronosr rrpH3BeJIO no

nosuoro

Ix

,qHHeHWI y npaotiumai.

Binsuricr»

Pa.aRHCbKHX

.aOCJIi.aHHKiB,

CJImOM

sa Jl,

Mopra-

1'8.

<1>.

EHreJIbCOM,

.aOTpHMyoaJIHCR

.ayMKH, uto npaotiuraua

rna

BHHHKHYTH

nanre

aa yMOBH, uro RK napai, TaK i rapesmi

YHKH norrepenaix 300JIori'lHHX

yrpynosaas

3HHKJIH

na

no

JIJO.aCbKOro

cycrrinscrsa.

Ha

iXHJO

.ayMKY, B)I(e na

no-

$OPMyBaHWI

npa06mHHH

icHYBaJIH yCTaJIeHi, He perna-

HTOBaHi, He

ynOPR.aKOBaHi

CTaTeBi

Bi.aHOCHHH

- nposdcxyi-

•

MH

HaBeJIH

JIHllIe

'!:PH

OCHOBHi

rinoresa mono

CTaTeBHX

OCHH

Y npaotiuraai.

Ix,

3P03YMiJIo,

Ha6araro

6iJIbllle.

Ha

aaur rro

rJIR.a

, CiM'R €

CTpYKTYPOJO,

uro

CKJIa.aa€TbCR

3

KOMnOHeHTiB: qOJIOBi'lHA, )l(jHO'lHA, .aHTR'lHA Ta

rpyna

:mix

JIJO.aeA.

Y npaotiuraai

BOHH

nepefiysaiors y

neBHm

roc-

'.aapcbKiA i

coulansaia

B3a€M03aJIe)I(HOCTi, 3YMOBJIeHiA CTa-

BOBiKOBHM

noninov

npaui

Ta He06xi.aHicTJO Bi.aTBopeHWI

cninscrsa

I..UJBIXOM

HapOJOKeHWI i

BHXOBaHWI

nirea.

Ilpa

MY KOHKpeTHHA

CKJIa.a

ciM'i,

qH TO MaJIa

innaainyansaa

'JI, qH TO

nxics

$OPMH

rpynosoro

llIJIJ06y, MaB y)l(e

npyro-

ae

3HaqeHWI.

IlPOTSlroM TpHBaJIOro nepio.ay CBOro iCHyoaHWI

(nouan

2 .

poxis)

rrpaotiumna,

3BH'laAHO, He 3aJIHlllaJIaCR He3MiH-

:010.

~KmO

na

rroxarxy

IT

CTaHOBJIeHWI

B

yrpynonaansx

nep-

HX

JIJO.aeA,

IUO $OPMYBaJIHCR,

nepesaxaa

6iOJIori'lHHA KOM-

HeHT, a COlliaJIbHHA

naure

HapOJVKYBaBCR,

ro

aanpaxiani,

rraxa,

rrOBHicTJO

nouinyaaa

COlliaJIbHHA

KOMrrOHeHT,

npax-

HO He 38JIHllIaJO'IH

MicWI

JlJUI 6iOJIori'lHHX

rrpoaais

Y CTO-

xax

qJ{

TO OKpeMHX iH.aHBinyyMiB, 'IH

JIJO.aCbKHX

CnmbHOT.

.em

.aOCJIi.aHHKH

rroninsnors

erroxy

conioreaeay

aa

KiJIbKa

nis

(3.ae6iJIbllloro

na

TpH):

paHHm

(nepeicae

JIJO.acbKe

CTa-

:0 -

OJI.ayBaACbKa

enoxa),

cepe,nHill

(nepBicHa

op,na - allleJIb-

enoxa),

rriJHm

(nepBicHa

06mHHa

HeaH.aepTaJIblliB -

87

MYCTb€pCbKa

enoxa).

Ha

naur

norJUUJ.,

nOJJ:iJI

ueii

YMOBHHii,

XO_

_

-

xa

.€TbCH

.

:oi

'

:lliHKH,

aMa

.

ocri

era

He

~H.

':Ia

BHJJ:iJIeHHSI

caaocrinaoi

enOXH -

nepaicaoi

06lUHHH

Heali_

nepransuis

- aacnyrosye

na

yBary.

ICTopH':IHe

3HatJeHHSI

npa06lUHHH

nOJUIraJIO B TOMY, lUO B U

naapax

BiJJ:6YJIaCH

noxopiuaa

nepe6YJJ:OBa

crana

TBapHH lia

JIIOJJ:CbKe

cycninscrso.

OCHOBHHM 3MicTOM

uiei

nepe6YJJ:OBH

6y

JIO

3apOJOKeHHSI

i

BJJ:OCKOHaIleHHSI

BHp06HH':I01

JJ:iHJIbHOcTI,

6y_

JJ:iBHHUTBO

nepUIHX )l(HreJI

ra

opraaisauia

nOCeJIeHb, ninxopeu,

HSI

BorHIO, HanaroJOKeHHSI COUiaIlbHHX

CTOCyHIGB

MbI<:

':IJIeHa~nl

Bup06HH':IHX KOJIeKTHBiB TIl

CTIlHOBJIeHHH

ciMeiiHO-IllJIl06HI1X

BiJJ:HOCHH.

Y uiJIOMY

ue

cnpIDIJIO 3rypTyBaHHIO KOJIeKTHBiB

nep.

BicHHX

JIIOJJ:eii

Ta cPoPMYBaHHIO

nepuroi

couiansaoi

opraaiaaug

-

nepsicaoi

oemana

.

BHHHKHEHIDI MHCAEHIDI

TA

MOBH

P03BHTOK

M03Kf

npe.zndB

cysacaax

JIIOJJ:eii.

BJJ:OCKOHaIleHIDI

<l>i3H':IHOro

BHrJUIJJ:Y

rOMiHiJJ:iB, lUO

Mano

Micue

B

nneacroneai,

CynpOBOJOKYBaJIOCH

36iJIbIlleHHSlM MaCH M03Ky TIl

yCKJI3,lI.HeH-

HSlM

iioro

CTPYKTYPH.

Ilepuraa

KpOK y UbOMY

aanpmd

3p06HJIIi

ascrpanonirexa,

M030K

HKHX Y

nopinasaai

3 CY'laCHHMH

JIlOJJ:I1-

HonoJJ:i6HHMH MaBnaMH B

cepeJJ:HbOMY

6yo

6iJIbl1lHM HK aa a6

.

COJIlOTHOIO,

TaK i

BmHOCHOIO

BeJIH':lHHOIO.

TaK,

sa

JJ:aHHMH

nis-

JJ:eHHoa<l>PHKaHCbKOro

anrpononora

P. BpYMa, xoerpiuierrr u e-

pefiponisauii

B OCTIlHHix

JJ:OpiBHIO€

JJ:BOM-JJ:eB'srrn,

a B aBCTpaIlO-

nirexis

- JJ:ec5ITH-l1Iicrn3,lI.UHTH

OJJ:HHHUHM.

BHB':IeHHH

eHJJ:OKp

a-

HiB -

3JIinKiB

BHYTPinIHbOl nopmKHHHH

xepenia

- nOKaJaII

11

,

lUO B cTpYKTYPi M03Ky 6e3nocepeJJ:Hix

nonepennaxis

JIlOJJ:eii

sin-

6YJIHCH

BCDKJIHBi

spyureans,

nOB'H3aHi 3 P03BHTKOM

CYTO

JIIOJJ:CbKHX

30H KOpH - MOBHO-pyxOBOI TIl MOBHO-CJIyxOBOI.

KOHCTpYKTHBHi nepeTBOpeHHSI B

6YJJ:OBi

M03Ky, HKi

posno-

sanacs

y

aacrpanonirexis

i

npOJJ:08)KHJIHCH

B

apxaarponis

TIl

naneoaarponis,

BHHBHJIHCH

y BHnHHaHHi OKpeMHX 30H,

nou's-

3aHHX ai cnpHiiHflTTHM 30pOBHX

06paJiB,

MOBOIO,

KOHTpOJIeM

sa

JJ:rnMH

OTOtJeHHSI;

MaHinyJIIOBaHHHM npeJJ:MeTIlMH,

uinecnpajao-

BaHOIO

JJ:if!JIbHicTIO, KOHTpOJIeM aa

nOCJIiJJ:oBHicTIO

uiei

JJ:if!JIb-

aocri

; a

TIlKO:lK

ai cnpHiiIDITTHM

3BYKOBOI

CMHCJIOBOI

MOBI1;

3 MOBHO-pyxOBHMH

<l>YH

.KIirnMH,

aaaniaov

i CHHTe30M pHTMiB

pyxis TIl

iH.

(10.

IIIeBtJeHKo).

AHaIli3

6YJJ:OBH

eHJJ:OKpaHiB

HaiiJJ:aBHiIllHX TIl

JJ:aBHix

JIIOJJ:e

i1:

CBm':lHTb

npo

neyxansae. p03IllupeHHSI

CYTO

«JI1OJJ:CbKHX»

30H

88

Ta

YCKJI3,lI.HeHHH

iioro

ronorparpii

no

niaii:

nirexairrpon

HaHTpOn

~

HeaHJJ:epTaJIeUb.

3ayoa)l(HMO, y CHHaHTpOna

HHaHHH

BHHBJIeHe

3Ha':lHO CHJIbHiIlle,

HbI<:

y

iioro

none-

-

nirexaarpona.

3Ha':lHe 36iJIbl1leHHH UHX 30H

cnoc-

B TiM'HHoBHCKOBiii TIl

JI06Hiii

06JIaCTHX

neaanep-

TaK,

y

JI06Hiii

06JIacTi BOHH nOl1lHpHJIHCb

aame

-

na

:oBiw i noJUI KOpH roJIOBHOro M03Ky, nOB'H3aHi is pi3HHMH

MH

a6cTpaKTHoro

MHCJIeHHSI

. JII1Ille

BepXHSI

':IaCTHHa

nis-

M03Ky - CKJIeniHHH - 3aI1Hl1IaIlaCH CnJIlOlUeHOIO

aX(

JJ:O

aeoanrpona.

oJJ:anblUl1ii

nporpec

Y P03BI1TKy M03Ky

BHHBHBCH

Y 36iJIb-

i

sepxnsoi

':IaCTHHH

nisxym;

p03111HpeHHi

HOBHX

06JIaCreH

OK CTIlpHX, 3MeHIlleHHi BHCTyniB

na

niBKyJISlX, nOrJIH6-

i rOJIOBHHX i nOHBi BTOpHHHHX

60p03eH

i

3BHBI1H.

3araJIOM,

,0B:lK

rrpouecy

cPoPMyoaHHH

Homo

sapiens M030K

rosriai-

,iJIbIllHBCH npl16JIH3HO

srpmi,

npH':IOMY HOBi

06JIacn

HH-

HOBJUlTb npH6JIH3HO 31%

iioro

aara

.

'HUKHeHHR

MOBU.

<l>oPMYBaHHH

JIIOJJ:CbKoro

cycninscraa

6 HeMo:lKi!HBI1M 6e3 BHHHKHeHHH

ycaoi

MOBH - HaiiBa:lK-

oro

aacofiy

KOMyHiKaui'i, KOH':Ie

ueofixizmoro

MH

coni-

B3a€MoJJ:ii

JIIOJJ:eii

.

MOBa

Hep03pHBHO nOB'H3aHa 3

,aKTHHM MHCJIeHHHM,

3JJ:aTHicTIO

<l>opMyJIIOBaTI1

neaai

H,

OCMHCJIIOBaTH

csoi

nii,

CTaBHTH

nepen

c06010

nesni

aHHH i

anpiuryaara

IX.

3aBJJ:HKH

MOBi

JIIOJJ:HHa

nepenasana

HHM nOKoJIiHHHM He JIHl1Ie

npaponxeai

CTepeOTHnH

a

ii

HaBHKH, Ha6YTi

nporarosr

)l(HTTH.

«He

CTiJIb-

JJ:yMKa,

cKiJIbKH

nepenaxa

fi

iHIllHM,

-

nacana

3

npHBOJJ:Y

aHTponOJIOfH

III.

Y11I6epH Ta

III

.

CTpeM,

- €

JIIOJJ:CbKOIO

BJIaCTHBicTIO, lUO

P06HTb

MO)I(JIHBOIO

JIIOJJ:Cb-

'JIbTYPY

i e rOJIOBHHM

xpnrepieu,

"

HKHii

BiJJ:pi3HH€

JIIOJJ:H-

TBapHH» .

K

BiJJ:OMO,

Y

nOBCHI(JJ:eHHOMY

:lKHTTi

MOBOIO

':IaCTO

HaJHBa-

6YJJ:b-HKi 3BYKH, lUO

BHJJ:06yoa1OTbCH

aa

nonosroroio

rOJIO-

opraxis

He JIHIlle

JIIOJJ:bMH,

a

ii

TBapHHaMH

(3BiJJ:CH

yHB-

npo

MOBy

JJ:enb<l>iHiB,

BOBKiB

'IR

aaairs

pH6),

a

6YJJ:b-

JIOri':lHHii B':IHHOK

BBa:lKa€TbCH

JJ:OKaJOM

HaHBHOCTi

MHC-

OJJ:HaK

ia HaYKoBOI TO':lKH

30Py

OJJ:HHHuelO

MOBHOi

JJ:i-

e

C.1I0BO,

a MHCJIeHHH,

nOHSITTH

(a6cTpaKTHHii

06paJ

ra

JJ:il,

lUO

CTOHTb

aa HHM). CJIOBa i

nOHSITTH

TicHO

Jl3aHi

MbI<:

c0601O: 3BYKH, lUO He

sapaxaion,

HKHXOCb

no-

e

CJIOBaMH,

a

nOHHTTH

He BI1HHKa€ 6e3

JJ:il

roJIOCOBHX

ia:

.lJ,OCJIiJJ:H

nOKaJaIlH, lUO BOHH

pyxaiorsca

HaBiTb

TOJJ:i,

CJIOBO

BHMOBJUl€TbCH

nOJJ:YMKH.

3

nasenenoro

BHnJIHBa€,

OBa

ra

MHCJIeHHH

BiJJ:CYTHi

y TBapHH i

3'HBHJIHCH

paJOM ia

.

89

-

·

,

"

M

3MorH

eHHH.

eM,

H

a

MaJIO

BqeHHX

BBa:JKa€,

uro

B

niaaix

apxaarponia,

a

TaKO:lK

naneoanrponin

3'HBHJIHCH ztoaepureaiurl, Hi:lK

nonepea-

pMH MOBHoro cniJIKYBaHHH, a

cave:

8ep6o;ou,

a60

JUlJl;;

OCKJIa)l.OBi

qaCTKH, HKi 36eperJIHCH

aasiri,

y

cyxacaax

(B yKpaiHCbKiH MOBi

no

HHX

BmHOCHTbCH

BHpa3H «Hy» ;

«.ll.aH-HO»,

«rers»

, «XJIon»

rouio).

Ha

BmMiHy

nin

eKC-

TIoqaTKH

CJIOBOTBOpeHlUI nOB'H3aHi 3 P03BHTKOM M03Ky i

nOJIinrneHHHM CTpYKTYPH

rOJIOCOBHX

oprauis

npautypis

cyqaC.

HHX

JIIO.ll.eH

.

Ha

JJ.YMKY

B. EYHaKa, Ba)I(JIHBY POJIb Y npou.ecj

neperaopenas

3ByKOBOro

anapary

TBapHH Y

JIIO.ll.CbKi

Oprali

ll

MOBH

sinirpano

nOCHlIeHHH

rOJIOCOBHX

3B'H30K,

nOJIinWeHli

li

pyxOMOCTi H3HKa i

saxpyr

HOrO KOpeHH B rOpTaHHY

nOpO:lKHI1

.

MY,

uio

nano

3MOry

xirxiure

BHMOBJIHTH

oxpevi

3BYKH. ICTOl.

He 3HaqeHHH

.ll.JIH

p03BHTKY MOBHOi .ll.iIDIbHOCTi

MaJIO

3Mel{.

llIeHHH

MaCHBHOCTi HH:lKHbOi

utenena,

HKa nepeurxonxa-,

llIBH.ll.KiH

3MiHi

apTHKYJIHuiL TIO.ll.aJIbllIHH

nporpec

BHHBHBC51

B

yTBOpeHHi OC06JIHBOrO rOJIOCoBOro M'H3a. B

xoni

eBOJIIOI.li

i

MOBHoro

anapary

craponaaai

JIIO.ll.H

nocrynoso

BHp06HJJil

anarnicrs

alnreopioeara

roJIOCHi

«3»,

«i»

ra

«y»,

HKi ainirpa,

IOTb .npoeiznry POJIb B

ycix

cysacaax

MOBax:

arinao

3

.ll.O

CJJj.

.ll.:lKeHHHMH

asrepnxancsxoro

niaraicra

<1>.

Jlifiepsrena,

6YK.

BaJIbHO

sci

6iJIbllI-MeHllI

Ba)l(JIHBi MOBHi O.ll.HHHUi MicT5m

npHHaHMHi

O.ll.HH

is

UHX 3ByKiB. 06'€.ll.MYlOqH

ix

3 npHrOJIOc·

HHMH 3ByKaMH,

JIIO.ll.H

anarai

CTBoplOBaTH He3JIiqeHHi

<PO

ae.

TuqHi

KOM6iHauii,

uio

CKJIa)l.aIOTbOCHOBY

pbHOMaHiTHHX

na

-

piaaris

ycnoi

MOBH.

Cneuiansai

.ll.OCJIi)l.)KeHHH

nOKa3aJIH,

uio

36Y.ll.:lKeHHH

.ll.iJIHHOX

KOpH roJIOBHOro M03KY, HKi

KepYJOTb

YTBopeHHHM 3ByKiB, T

icHO

nOB'HJaHi 3iCJIyxOBHMH, 30pOBHMH,

.ll.OTHKOBHMH

Ta iHllIHMH

nO.ll.pa3HHKaMH,

na

OCHOBi

HKHX

CKJIa)l.aIOTbCH

yHBJIeHHH npo

30BHillIHrn

CBiT. BHBqeHHH

ennoxpaais

nonepeznraxin

Homo

sapiens CBi)l.qHTb

npo

Te,

uio

aa

OCTaHHix eranax

<POPMyBaHHJI

MOBHOi .ll.iIDIbHOCTi ra

MHCJIeHHH

MaJIO

Micue

nOCHJIeHe

p03pOC

-

TaHHH TUX 3BHBHH (HH:lKHbOJI06HOi,' BepXHbOBHcKOBOi,

BepXHbO-

JI06Hoi

TIl

in.)

i nOJIiB (COpOKOBOro,

.iiecmoro

rouio),

HKi

KOOp-

.ll.HHYIOTb

pisai

36Y.ll.:lKeHHH

i

3B'H3YJOTb

ix si

36Y.lDKeHHHMH

reno

COBHX

opraaia,

3rmHO

3

cyqacHHMH

yHBJIeHHHMH,

MHCJIeHHH

HaHJJ.aBHiuJH

x

JIIO.ll.eH

6YJIO

Hep03pHBHO nOB'H3aHe 3 KOHKpeTHOIO

nieio,

a iXIU

MOBHa

niansaicrs

3BO.ll.HJIaCH

no

CnmKyBaHHH 3

nonouoroio

eke:

npecueno-exasieuux sacmo«,

HKi

He MaJIH

xirxoro

CMHCJIO

BOro

HaBaHTa:JKeHHH

i 3MlHIOBaJIH

CBO€

3HaqeHHH B

3aJIe:lKHOCTi

B

U1

cirryauii, MOBHHH

anapa

r

nirexanrponis

Ta CHHaHTpOniB M

allO

qHM BmpbIDIBCH

Bm

MOBHOro

anapary

cyxacaax

JIIO.ll.HHono.ni6

HHX MaBn i He

6ys

npHCTOCOBaHHH

LUUI

P03BHHYTOi

aPTHKYJLS!

-

uii,

TaK,

na

Ixnix

HH:lKHix

uienenax

BmCYTHrn

BJlaCTHBHH

JIIO)lWI

cysacuoro

<PhHqHOro

rarry

nm60pmHHH

BHCTyn,.ll.O HKOro 3c

e-

,

peznma

KpinJIHThCH M'H3H,

uio

pyxators

H3HKOM. «CJIm

.ll.yM

arll,

uto

apxanrporra,

-

nacaa

ia

usoro

npasony

B. EYHaK, - yH

aC

-

JImOK

MaCHBHOCTI

utenen

MOrJIH

BiJJ.TBOpIOBaTU

riJIbKH HeBen}!'

KY KiJIbKiCTb

phHHX

3ByKiB».

HBHO-BKa3iBHHX qaCTOK, Bep60UtH B

KO:lKHOMY

3 KOHKpeT-

anaaxis

MaJIH

nesne

caMOCTiHHe 3HaqeHHH . BOHH

MomH

O

MJIHT

H

npo

nOqaTOK

a60

3aKiHqeHHH

HKHXOCb

.ll.iH,

safio-

H

a60

:lK

.ll.03BOJIHTH

urocs

P06HTH,

CTaBHTH

sxics

BHMO-

T.

ia.

Bee :lK, Bep60UtH

me

He 6YJIH «cnpaB:lKHiMH» CJIOBa-

OCKiJIbKH BOHH He nOB'H3aHi ai

CTaJIHMH

aOCTpaKTHHMH

'HMH.

onansura eBOJIIOUiH MHCJIeHHH i MOBH nOB'H3aHa 3

nocry-

oM

BH.ll.iJIeHHHM TaKHX MOBHHX O.ll.HHHUb, HKi Y3araJIbHIOBa-

BJleHHH

npo

npenaera

Ta .ll.ii i MaJIH

CTaJIe

3HaqeHHH. €

BH

CTBep.ll.:lKYBaTH,

uio

B:lKe

naneoaarpona

MomH

<Pop-

BaTH

nesai

nOHHlTH

i,

BmnOBmHO, BmTBoplOBaTH ix MOB-

3ac06aMH.

Onaax

Ixns MOBa MaJIa

me

.ll.OCHTb

npHMiTHB-

xapaxrep

, Y:lKe 3ra.ll.YBaHHH

saute

<1>.

JIi6epMeH,

Pa30M 3

aMepHKaHCbKHM yqeHHM - aHaTOMOM

E. KpeJIiHOM,

iacraai

naJIeoaHTponoJIoriqHHX

3HaxmOK peKOHCTpylOBaB

OBHH

anapar

HeaH)l.epTaJIbUiB i 3'HCysaB,

uro

BiH He

na-

WBH.ll.KO

aPTHKYJIIOBaTH OCHOBHi 3ByKH

JIIO.ll.CbKOi

Binsuricrs

cyxacaax

yqeHHX

BBa:JKa€,

uto

6e3nOCep

e.ll.Hi

aeoaurporm,

me

He

MomH

06'€.ll.HysaTH

oxpeui

CJIOBa

OqaTOK .ll.06H

sepxasoro

naneoniry

CTaB

THM

icropHqHHM

aa

HKOMY

JaKiHqHJIaCb nepenicropin

JIIO.ll.CbKOro

MHC-

OCTaTOqHO

YTBep.ll.HBCH

3B'H30K Mi:lK OKpeMHMH

ene-

MH MOBH

(.ll.OOqOIO

oc0601O qH

npemrerou

i

nieio)

. Haaa-

Micue

.ll.H<pepeHuiauiH qaCTHH

MOBH

i

ii

rpaMaTHqHHX

eHTiB. Y

KiHUi

.ll.06H Me30JIiry -

aa

nOqaTKY .ll.06H

neoniry

bCH

BeJIHKi MOBHi

ciM'i.

BHTOKHIllEOJ\OfllJHHX

YJIBAEHb TA MI1CTEIjTBA

Haw

sac

cepea

nocnimnnda

npaKTHqHO He

3aJIHllIHJIOCH

TUX,

6e3anemmiIDfO (HK ue

MaJIO

Micue

me nexinsxa

necsnonrs

') sanepexyaaa

HaHBHiCTb

HeaH!(epTaJIbCbKHX

nOXOBaHb

ra

iaeo-

yHBJIem y HeaH!(ePTaJIbCbKoi JIlO,lJ,HHH. Ilpore

CTOCOBHO

90

91

BHTOKiB

pamrix

4x>PM

MHCTeurna,

aacasmepen y

MYCTh€pCbKy

eno.

xy. mrnunrn

nOKH

uto

33.1IHIIIa€ThCSI

HeBHpinIeHHM

.

OCHOBHHMH

,LOKepeJIaMH

JlJISI

Bim'BopeHHSI

npouecy

BHHlll<.

HeHHSI

i

paaaix

npoasia

meOJIOriqHHX

YSlBJIeHb

i

MHCTeUTBa

e

apxeonorixai

3HaxUlKH

.

Ix

6araTo,

BOHH

piaaosraairai. Ile

.....

nOXOBaHHSI

aeannepransuis i

CBO€pmHi

«CXOBHIlla»

qepeniB

BeJlMeJliB

i

6H1ciB,

HaTYPaJIbHi

MaKeTH

TBapHH

i

OBaJIbHi

aa,

rJIH6JIeHHSI

aa

KaM'SlHHX

nJIHTaX,

3aJIHWKH

<l>ap6H

i

Hapi3~

aa

KiCTKax

ra

inuri

3HaxUlKH

. .n)l(epeJIa

ui

- He

TiJIbKH

pi3lio.

MaHiTHi, a

iI

CKJIa)lHi

JlJISI

inrepnperauii.

BOHH

nOTPe6YlOn

OC06JIHBO

peTeJIbHOrO

i 06'€KTHBHoro.

nxepenosuassoro

nUt.

XOJlY.

3HaxUlOK,

SlKi

sacsursviors

eCTeTIf1IHe

CnpHHIDrrrSI

.n:iii.

CHOCTi

HeaHJlepTaJIbCbKOIO

JIIOJlHHOIO,

nOKH

uio

.3HaqHO

Mel!.

we,

anix

cBi)lqeHb

npo

<l>opMYBaHHSI

cBiTOrJUlJlHKX

YSlBJIelib.

Ilpore

y acix aananxax

TJIYMaqeHHSI

UKX

MarepiaJIiB

BHMarat

06epe)KHOCTi

i

3Ba)l(eHOCTi,

OCKiJIbKH

JlOCJIi)lHHK

He Ma€

npa,

sa

JlOMHCJIHTH

uiocs aa

neaaaepransna,

a ninraopeae Iill'"

cBiTOrJUlJlHe

Ta

eCTeTHqHe

BmHoweHHSI

neannepranscsxoi

JIIO

·

JlHHH

JlO

peansaoro

:lKHTTSI

i Bcecsiry

MalOTh

6yrH anexearna.

MH

JliilCHOCTi

.roro 'lacy. a He Wl)"IHO

CKOHCTPyi{oBaHHMH

MOJleJISlMH

csoronenas.

BBTOKH

cBi'rorJIJl,.lUlHX

YSlBJlem..

Cysacaa

HaYJGl

nOB'Sl3Y€

BH-

TOKH

Ineonorisnax

ySlBJIeHb,

y

TOMY

qHCJIi

H penirianax, ia

BH-

HHKHeHHSIM

HeaHJlepT3JThCbKHX

nOXOBaHb

TIl

CBO€pmHHX

CXO-

BHIll sepenin i

KiCTOK

TBapHH.

.neSiKi

03HaKH

cairocnpaaaarn

aeannepransnin

MO:lKHa

3HaiITH

y nepurax cnpo6ax

eCTeTH4HO-

ro

Bm06pa:lKeHHSI

JliilCHOCri.

Bnepnre

IDITaHHSI

rrpo

'lac

Hai{JlaBHinIHboro

HaBMHcHoro

nOXOBaHHSI

JIIOJlHHH

6YJIO

nOCTaBJIeHe

y

3B'Sl3KY

3

BiJlKpHTTIDl

<l>paHU)'3bKHMH

a6aTaMH

A. i )1(. Byiccoai Ta JI.

BapJlOHOM

no-

XOBaHHSI

HeaHJlePTaJIbUSl

B nexepi JIa Illaneans-o-Cen.

BO,UHO-

'lac

US!

anaxinxa

3HOBy

npHBepHYJIa

ysary nocninrmxia

JlO

rra-

TaHHSI

npo

6e3nOCepeJlHrn

3B'Sl30K

nOSIBH

peJIirii.tHHX

~YSIBJIeHb

3

<l>aKTOM

HaBMHcHoro

nOXOBaHHSI

JIIO)lHHH.

«HeMO)I(JIHBicTb»

Y

TOil 'lac

BH3HaTH

HaSlBmCTb

peniriamrx

YSlBJIeHb

y neasnepram-

US!

npH3BeJIa

JlO

.BKpail cynepesnasoro

TJIYMaqeHHSl

noxcsauns

BJIa IIlaneJIJIb-o-CeH.

Pia

y riM, uto 6iJIbwiCTh

JlocJIi.uHHKiB

TO-

ro 'lacy, B

TOMY

qHCJIi

iI

raxi

aBTOpHTeTH,

SIK

<l>paHUY3bKHH

ap-

xeonor

f.

Mop1WIb€ i aHrJIrnCbKHil airrportonor

M.

BYJIb,

Baa

-

)l(aJIH

aeannepranscsxy

JIIOJlHHY

aacrinsxa

npHMiTHBHOIO,

ili

O

BOHa,

aa

ixmo

JlYMKY,

He

MOrJIa

HaBMHCHe

XOBaTH

csoix

He6i»:

'

qHKiB, a

THM

6iJIbwe

MaTH

peniriani

YSIBJIeHHSI.

Ha

)l(aJIh,

Ta~

TOqKa

30Py

IllOJlO

neannepransuin y

HaYKOBiil

npaKTl-flll

nepesaxana

JlO

aenasmoro

'lacy.

I

JIHme

aaasaa

KiJIbKiCTh

saaxinox

6e3CYMHiBHHX

noxoBafl

b

epranscsxoi

JIIOJlHHH,

perensao

JlOCJIi)l:lKeHHX

nporarosr

CT.

aa 3HaqHrn qaCTHHiCTaporo CBi'Iy, nana

3MOry

JlOBeC-

e

TiJIbKH

peansnicrs

icH}'BaHHSI

HaBMHCHHX

HeaHJlePTaJIb-

nOXOBaHb,

a

iI

Bim'BOPHTH

cBiTOrJISlJlHi

YSlBJIeHHSI

aeaa-

bCbKOi

JIIOJlHHH,

SlKHMH

3yMOBmoBaJIOCSI

BHHHKHeHHSI

BaJIbHOro

KOMnJIeKcy.

nepesno, noseniaxa

JIIOJleil,

SIKi

cnopYJVKYIOTh

nOXOBaJIb-

KOMnJIeKC,

noxopiano

BiJlpi3HS1€TbCSI

sin

npocroi

ixasoi

m-

'

OC

Ti 3

3a6e3neqeHHSI

ce6e

i:lKelO,

:lKHTJIOM,

BOrHHIlleM.

US!

icrs

ynepwe BHillIIlIa aa

Me:lKi

yranirapnoi

BHpo6HH'loi

, axa

nOBHicTIO

6YJIa

nOB'Sl3aHa

3 aaarrranieio

JIIOJlHHH

aBKOJIHWHbOro

cepeaosauia.

HOBa

noseniaxa JIIOJleilIllOJlO

HKa

MOrJIa

BHHHKHYi'H

JIHllIe 3

yCBmOMJIeHHSIM

KO:lKHHM

OM

KOJIeKTHBy

csoei ennocri 3

OCTaHHiM,

a

rpYJIH

JIIOJleil

B

'MY

- csoix

COuiaJIbHHX

3B'Sl3KiB

. .no

roro

)1(,

ia

BHHHKHeH-

HeaHJlePTaJIbCbKKX

nOXOBaHb

nOqaJIH

CKJIau.aTHcSI

npHHUH-

HOBi

couiansni

3B'Sl3KH:

BHTPaTH

Jnoncsxoi eaeprii aa

cno-

eHHSI

nOXOBaHHSI,

BH.UiJIeHHSI

He6bK'lHKaM

qaCTKH

MHCJIHB-

I

3,llo6HlJi

,

niKJIyBaHHSl

rrpo

HHX

TOIllO.

a30M

is

THM

nOXOBaJIbHa

npaxraxa

aeannepransuis nana

ry

iM,

aa BmMiH}' Bm

TBapHH,

ynepure

CTBOpHTH

cBiil

OCo-

Wl)"IHHiI

csir

-

CBiT

MeprnHX,

i poanosara

cyro

CBOIO

ororisay

iCTOpiIO.

~K

saaaasae 10. O.

CMHpHOB,

«...

JlOTPH-

SI

nierery

IllOJlO

nOMepJIHX

nOCTaBHJIO

JIIOJlHHY

He3MipHO

e

iHWHX

npeJlCTaBHHKiB

)l(HBoi npapona, A

PHTYaJIbHe

no-

HHSI

-

OJlHa

3

<l>OpM

Bmo6pa:lKeHHSI

TaKOro

nierery

-

CTa-

saransaoio

OC06JIHBiCTIO

JIIOJlCbKOi

KYJIbTYPH,

OJlHHM

ia

naa-

'TYPHHX

Ii

eJIeMeHTiB»_

HeaHJlep1'31IbCbKi

nOXOBaHHSI

piaaoaaairai

SlK

aa

CKJIau.OM

,bKlJHKiB

Ta crrocotiou ix

p03MimeHHSI

(qOJIOBiKH,

:lKiHKH,

nl-

arrrsrtryri, cxopseai, aa

JIiBOMY

6oui, aa

cnaai

TOIllO),

TaK

nOXOBaHHJI

aeanneoransux

3 KfiK-K06H

(nyHIC11fp

-

HHlUliJi

K0Ht}'P

MOnuo.HOi

ndt,

cyuinLH8.niHil1

-

aepXHiJi

KOH1)'p)

92

93

Станко В.Н., Гладких М.І., Сегеда С.П. Історія первісного суспільства

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.