Серов С.И. Стиль в графическом дизайне. 60-80-е годы

I

HhBaHl4rc

Tex Kpl4TepHeB,

KOTOpbte

nposec-

choHaflbHaF

Tpaahqr4F

HaKon!4ra,

no

cnpa_

BeAnuBoMy

3aMeqaHHrc

.[.f],

A6pra<ocoea,

,,R

COnpoTrBneHU14

14

TBOpqecKoM ocMbtc_

neHH!4

BCerAa

B

qeM-TO

OrpaHrqeHHbtx

Bo3_

voxnocrei

TexHhK

u

texuonoruh

MhHyB-

uhx

3nox... Tepnror

Bcf,Koe

rexHonoruq+

cKoe

oSocHoBaHHe

TaKUe OCHOBOnonararc-

ul{e

noHFTl4Ft,

KaK

Merpr4qecKafl

chcTeMa,

npHHFran

e nonurpa$uu;

xerenaHuri

4r,r-

ana3oH

rllprl(pTa,

KaK

He3bl6neMaF

chcTe_

Ma

coorHouJeHnn

gnaqenri

BbtcoT

ct4MBo_

noB

B

nonoce

TeKcToBOTO

ilnr

ThTVIbHOTO

o$opvneHrn;

cerKa

KaK

crporan

cr4creMa

opraHu3auhh

MaTepfiana

Ha

noroce,

cBF-

3aHHbte

c Het

xecTK14e

reoMeTo14qecK!4e

napaMeTpbt

KonoHoK

reKCTa,

BepcTKh

hn_

nncrpaqri...

Hoeei

uaa

cyneprexHonorhE,

co

cBoncrBeHHoit

ei

AocrynHocrbro

!4

He-

orpaHhqeHHot

ceo6o4oil peanh3aqfiil

nl<l-

60ro

gavurcna,

yrpoxaer..

rp.jgutlnu

ro-

ranbHbrM

pa3pyr.!eHheM"

[],

c.

as]. Bnpo-

qeM,

nocneAHhf

BbtBog,

aBropa

Mbt He

pa3_

AenFeM

h cTonb

neccilMhcTt4qecKr4x

noorHo-

soB

noaaepxaTb

He

MoxeM.

!o

cux nop

Haule

BHhMaHhe

$oxycr,rpo-

Banocb

Ha

cyulecTBeHHbtx

nph3HaKaX

npo_

tA3BeAeHAil,

B3flTbtx, pa3yMeercF,

B KoH-

reKcre

npoeKTHot

Kynbrypbl,

T.

e.

npoil3-

BeAeH!4t

KaK

onpe.o,efleHHbrx

cMbtcnoBbtx

crpyKryp,

14ueHHo

npousee4eHre

rpa$r_

qecKoro

4nsaiHa

FBnFercn

e nlo6oi

voae-

Jlh

Hoc4TeneM

CrilneBbtx

npr43HaKoB,

npH_

veM

He3aBuct4Mo

oT

TOrO,

OpreHThpoBaHa

3Ta MOAenb

H3

CTr,tnb

vnn

HeT. Ha

qro

xe

co

crhneaoh

ro.tK14

3peHuF

o6pauleHa

KalKAaF

Moaenb,

KaKaF

Kareropnn

o6o6lqaer

ctule_

Bbre

nph3HaKta

gan6onee

a.qeKBarHo

KoH_

qenryanbHot

opHeHratlHl4

MoAenh H

no3Bo_

nHer

KBaflueilqhpoBaTb

ee xax

crxneeyrc?

B

xy4oxecreeHHofi

vo4enu

raxoi

xate-

ropreh

Bbtcrynaet

co6creeuuo

crunu.

Co

crhneBon

roqKh

3peHiln

ora

vo4enu

o6pa-

u-leHa

H

14

Ha

'{TO

!4HOe,

KaK

Ha

cTilnb.

.QnR

erayanuxo-KoMMyH

rKarr4BHo14

Mo-

Aenh

Kareropua

,,ctunt"

oKe3btBaercF

BHe

3aKoHa,

-

noHFTue

,Au3ai1{-cfanh', aBnF_

ercn, no

cyqecrBy,

HoHceHcoM.

Tax

xar

cTilneBbte

KaqecTBa

aToMt43t4pOBaHbt

3aecb

AO

ypOBHF

Or4enbHoro

npoh3BeaeHuH,

To

KaTerophR,,o6pa3"

3aMeL4aeT

KaTerophto

,,crrnt"

Ha sroM

ypoBHe.

l-locrpouru

Ho-

BbrH

cTl4nb B oAHoM,

OTAenbHO

B3ATOM

npO_

H3BeAeHnil

TpyAHo,

Ho

6e3

crhneBoro

cnoF

B

HeM o6olirrcb

roxe

HeBo3MoxHo.

O6pa3

t4

Bbtcrynaer

3aMeqeHHoi

crhneBoi

Kare-

ropueh,

xpaHnUlei

B

cBoux

HeApax

crhne-

Byrc noreHuilto.

lrlrvesHo

no

3ToMy nph3Ha-

Ky Bh3yanSHo-KoMMyHqKaTUBHaf,

MOAenb

lUnOnofn3vpyeT

npoh3BeaeH14a

rpa6nqe_

cKoro,q,u3atHa.

[locxonuxy

aJ]brepHarhBHaF

Moaenb

TaKXe

OpqeHTupoBaHa

He

Ha

CThnb

KaK

Ta_

KOBOh,

nocroJtbKV

t4

cTHneBaF

KaTefooHF

Toxe

oKax(ercn

3aecb

gaveujesuotZ.

Ha

Hau

83rflFlA,

raKo,

Kareropnefr

6y4et

x(a

H o.

Kareroprn

,,xanp"

Aonroe

BpeMR

He ro

qro6ur

He oco3HaBanacb

e

rpaSuvecxov

4u-

3atHe,

oHa

6srna

evy

$axrrvecxur

Hh K

qe-

vy.

AurnxaupoBaF

!4HTeHqhn

6urna

xaoax-

TepHa

He ronbKo

ann

rpa$tlecxoro

4ul-

3aiHa,

Ho u

4nn

ArsaiHa

B

qenoM.

[lpnvev

ecflu Bonpoc

o

cT[ne

BpeMFt

oT

BpeMeHH

noAHilMancn

v

HaqvHan

xax-ro o6cyx4art_

ca B

TexHrqecKoi

3CTeTrKe,

TO O

XaHpe

peqb

Boo6qe

noqrh

He

3axoahna.

Hau

Au-

satx

6uln

cqacrnhBo

nh[!eH

groi

MyK!4

TBopqecrBa:

3crerHKa

$ynxqronanustra

npeanonarana

BcerAa

HeKr4fi

,,onr!4Manb_

Hsr fi ",

eAhxcreeHHo

Bo3..4o)xHsr

il

pesynrTar

npoeKThpOBaH4F

tit,

coOTBeTcTBeHHO,

He_

RVV

,,onrqvansssli" xaup,

ctonu

xe

6eg_

nvKnu,

cKonb

v

,,onrvuanbHtth"

qunt.

B

nocneAHhe

roAbt,

KorAa

,,AVgar,H

BOO6Ue,,

Haqan

cMeHFTbcF

MHoroo6pa3r4eM

crnna4c_

rhqecKnx

qlopv,

noHnrue

r{aHpa,

no

MHe_

unn

O.VI.l-eHrcaperc<oro,

BbtxoAr4T

Ha ne_

pe4Hri

nnax.

Tenepu

,,$yr.rxqrh npoeKTr_

pyeMoro

o6texra

Moryr

paccMarprBarbcn

rfiuJb

B

cBoeM

x<aHpoBoM

onocpeaoBaHl4t4:

or

BbtFcHeHHoi

norpe6tocru

B

o6beKre

HeT

HilKaKOTO

hHoro

xoaa

K

ero rcKoMoi

$oprvre,

KpoMe

onpeaeneH!4F

xaHpa

roro

o6pa3a,

roropsri

npoeKThpoBU-ll4K

HaMe

peH

npuaarb

sroMy

o6beKTy.

ly'

ronsrco

6naronony.tHo

npoi4a

Sasy

xaHpoBocrr4,

MoxHo

aanee

o6parurucn

K noHcKaM

co6-

CTBEHHO

CTHNhCTI4qECKilX

KAqECTB

3TOrO

o6pasa"

[t

t,

c.

t+].

Ha

HaLU

B3rnFA,

npo6nerra

xaHpa B

ah-

gaine

ceR:axa

npexae

Bcero

c npo6neMa-

ThKOr4

BHeapeHHF,

KOTOpaH,

MO)|{HO

CKa_

3atb,

cocTaBnaeT

HpaBCTBeHHOe

h3MepeHile

AtrcahHa.

flo

cnpaee4nnBoMy

3aMeqaHl4K)

A.A. Py6rana,

,,8

onpe4eneHH

ov

,

HpaecreeH-

HOM

cMbtcne

xyAoxecTBeHHOe

KOHCrpyh_

poBaHhe

u

ecrb

BHeApeHrae

e

xrasnu,,

(

[46,

c. 79],

xypcraB

Haur.

-

CC.). Ho

e

ans-

repxarueuoil

MoAenli

rpaSrvecxoro

4nsafi-

Ha Ha

cMeHy

npo6neue

BHeApeHhF

nprxo-

4rr

npo6neva

xraaecnoco6socrr

rpaeu-

'tecKoro

pelxeHuFr.

B

cavov

repMHHe

,,BHeApeHhe"

3aneqaTJreHa,,cuntuaa",

co-

rflacHo

napaarrMe,

BBeAeHHoil

l-.1-.

Kypue-

poeo;

[SO],

ycraHoBKa

npoeKrHoro

co3Ha-

Hl4H

Ha npoHhKHoBeHr4e

B

HeApa

npo!43BoA_

crBa

h

xu3HeAeFTenbHocrr.

B

noHFTr4r.l

,,)rc43Hecnoco6Hocrb"

npocBe'lhBaer,

Ha_

npor14B,,,cna6oe",

3KonorhqecKoe

orHo_

L.t.teHhe

K )Kl43Ht4,

K ee

cflo)Kr4BuJt4McF

Sop-

vav

HanpaeneHr4e

BeKTopa

,,or

npoeKTa

e

xh3HS"

MeHFeTCF

Ha

npOTr4BOnOnOXHOe

_

,,oT

>t<t43Ht4

K npOeKTy".

flonRrue

,,xaHp"

B

ero npoeKTHoi

HH-

TepnpeTaqhh

opheHTrpoBaHo

KaK

pa3

Ha

cnoxhBuJ14ecF

eopMbr

xneHu.

Xanpoeoe

co3HaHhe

4nsaixepa

$ra<crapyer

BHhMaHr4e

Ha

xh3HeHHOM

npeAHa3HaqeH!4r4,

Ha Cpeao_

Bbrx

ycnoBHFX

BOCnpHFrr4F

h couranbHo_

KynbrypHoro

6urroeauuR

npo!43BeaeHhi

rpa$uvecroro

ausailua.

Bcru

coeo

xynnocru

atux ycnoeui,

B roM

cnyqae,

KorAa

oHa

npro6peraer

crpyKrypHyrc

ycroivneocrs,

MO>KHO

Ha3BaTb,

BOCnOnb3OBaBUlt4Cb

Tep-

vrxov

l-.K.

Barnepa

[8],

,,xaxpoeot

cu-

lya\nei4",

a

xq3HeHHbte

crpyKTypbt,

cBn-

3aHHbte

c

onpeaeneHHbtMil

XaHoOBbtMh

cH-

50

ro'|bKo

crpyn-

"

(146.

a

anb-

AA3aU-

nphxo-

rpaor-

Kypue-

co3Ha-

pa3

Ha

JaqH8M14,

-,,XaHpaMU

Xt43HeAeFTeflbHO-

ctu". Ecnu

,,o6pas

xrsxur"

-

noHf,rne

e[HHHqHoe,

ro

.,xaHp

xugau"

-

poAoBaf,

o5ulxocru

raK!4x

aToMapHbtx

crpyKTyp.

Erue

6onuuei

o6o6lqaor.qefi

cranoi 6yAer

o6na4ars

Kareropun

,,ctunt

xusun", B

3TOM

COnOCTaBneHhh

noHFTt4e

,,xaHp

xr43-

HH"

pa3BopaquBaer

coqhaflbHo-SyHKtlHo-

HanbHbte,

u,eHHocrHo_cMbtcnoBbte

KaqecrBa

o6paaoxnsnexnurx

ceveicre,

a,,crhrb

xft{3Hh"

BbrBoat4T

t,tx Ha

ayxoBHo-t<ynbryp-

dbrH

ropH3oHT.

Moxxo

cragatb,

qro

AnF

xyaoxecrBeH-

HOH

MOAetril

XapaKTepeH hHTepec Ko Bcc

o6qHM

crnneBbtM

Ka'{ecrBaM xh3Ht4,

AnF

B*ryanbHo-KoMrvryurxarraroi

-

K ee ear4-

HHr{HbrM

o6pa3HbtM npoFBneHuaM,

a

B

anb-

-€pHarnBHoi

aKTyanr3xpytorcF hMeHHo

s-parHQhrlHpyK)u.lhe

xaHpbt,{efl

oBeqec Kot

KH3HeAeFTenbHOCTr,

npUUJeAUJlte

B

COBpe-

usrnofi

coquanbHo-Kynurypnoil

cnryaqvu

a 6ypnoe

ABUxeHhe,

Xaxpoean

chryauhf, h

xaHpoBoxr43HeH-

Ha€

no3taqua

noTpe6hrera

o6pa3ypr B npo-

eKTHOM

CO3HaHUU nIraH

COAepXaHUF rpa-

tpx,{ecKhx

)KaHpoB. flnan

eurpaxeHuF

co-

c:aBnnKrr

cronb xe

yc'roivuesre,

cra6unu-

i*re

runbl nporseeAeHui

rpaSurecxoro

.q,x3ailHa:

nnaKaTbt,

peKnaMHbte

npocneK-

1r,

3HaKn,

ynaKoBKa,

npnrrlachTenbHbte

6nnersr,

Br43tirHbte

KaDroqKu

r

t.

n. Kax-

45ri

rs

grux

o6rexroB

npe4craBnner

co-

6ofi npex4e

Bcero

onpeaenerinyro

xanpo-

eylo

QopMy

co ceoeil

crpyrrypgfi eurpa-

3SfTenbHbtx

cpeacTB.

B

xy4oxecreennofi

fioaenr

hepapxua

rraipoB

6urna

xesur6nerraoi.

Oxa He

ocMbtc-

rTnacb,

ne o6cyx4anacb,

a

nphcyTcTBoBa-

ia

B

TBOpqeCKOM npoqecce

KaK HeKan

AaH-

i+ocTb,

KaK

o6'uextugnan

3aKoHoMepHocTb.

Blrayanuxo-xouMyHilKarnBHaF

MoAeab

rKr3Bonajta

ce6e rrropupoBarb

xaHpoBbte

-Hnonor['{ecKile

pa3nhqHF

uex4y

o6tex-

-aMH

rpa$t4'{ecrcoro

4lreaina.

Fpa$raxa,

KAK

Mbt

3HaeM,

paccMaTpHBanacb

KaK,,BH-

syanuxuri

rexcr",,,qeerorpa$rauecxrafi

TeKcr", a

npeAMer

Bbtcrynan

eceio nuuJu

,,HocrrerteM

onpeaeneHHbrx

reKcroB".B

pe-

3ynbrare Milp rpa(puKh

npeAcraBan

B BxAe

,,ueerorpa$urecKhx

reKcroB,

HanoxeHHbtx

na

pa4

o6terroe-xochrenefi"

[gO,

c. ZgS].

Becu

rpa$ravec<nil

ausahH

B

qenoM

npeA-

craBrFn

co6oi

rax

6ur oarn

rno6anuxuri

cynepxaHp, nocrpoexnsri

no

MoAenu

ca-

Mofo

3neMeHTaproro

rpa$uqecxoro

o6'u-

eKTa

-

3HaKa.

<Drpuennsri

crr4nb

-

3To, no

cyqecrBy,

oopMa

xaHpoBoro

3aBepueHnF

sroi ruoAenu.

Xaupoeoe peuJeHhe

nrc6oro

o6-beKTa

nornorqanocb

cynepxanpoeoi

Qopvoi

caMoro

$rapvrexnoro

crrnn,

qro

paBHocrnbHo

oTcyTcTBr4to

XaHpoBocTil

KaK

TaKoBot.

B anurepuaruaHoil

ruo4enr

)KaHpoBaf,

QopMa

Ka)KAoro r[na

o6terra

cTaHoBhr-

cF npoeKTHofi

npo6neMofi.

Bxuvan

oxre-

t!r4M )KaHpaM

xh3Hu

qenoBeKa,

KpyTo r43-

MeHHBUJhMCF

XaHpOBbtM

Ct4TyaqnFM, oT-

KpbtBaeMbrM

3a KaxAbtM

H3

TaKux

o6teK-

roe npo$eccnoHanbHbtM

co3HaHueM,

414-

sainep-rpa$ux Bcrynaer

c HnMr B

pa3Ho-

o6pasnut

e

LleHHocrHo-cMbtcJtoBbte

orHotrle

HlrF, ou{ynbto

nepe6upan

Bo3MoxHocrt4

rpanc$opv

aurh

pacKoHcepB

npoBaH

H bl x

xaxpoesrx

$opu.

Hanpuuep,

c

HaqaroM

nepecrpoftrcu

e

crpaHe noflnruqecrri

nnaxar

KaK

Thn xaH-

poBoro

o6texra

ocrancF

npexrru. Ho

ero

yxe

He cpe4crBo

puryansnoi

eusyansuoil

KOMMyHUKaq4U

MeXAy

rOCyaapcTBoM

14

HapoAoM.

flepecrpodvnurfi

nnaxar

orpa)xa-

er

AuHaMhKy

xaHpoBbtx

curyauui

h

peaK-

qtAn

Ha HAX,

HanOnHFFCb

qeHHOCTHO-CMbtC-

noBbrMh

t4HToHaquFMt4

nnaKaTa

!4cnoBe-

AaflbHoro,

o6nuqntenunoro,

npoBoKaqiloH-

HOrO,

nrraKaTa, op,teHT,tpoBaHHoro

Ha

Cr4-

Tyaqnh npeaBur6opnoi

KaMnaHh!4,

Kynb-

rypHo-3Konorr,tqecKoi

aKqha4,

nticauxuro-

HHpoBaHHoro

MhrHHra

u

r.

4.

C Ka)KAbtM

HoBbrM

THnoM o(popMnntolul4xcn

curyauui,

HOBbrM,

qeHHOCTHbtM

O6eprouol

ilx

Boc-

nphFTt4F

MeHFeTCF 14

CTpyKrypa

nonrlilqe_

cKoro nnaKara

KaK

xaHpoBoi

Sopvrur

_

oHa

nperepneBaer

xaHpoBbte

rpaHcSogMa-

1t414,

AeMOHCrphpyK)que Bo3MoXHoCTr4

HO-

Bbrx

orKpbtrr4t.,.

Taxrrra

o6paeoM,

To,

qro

hMeno

B xyao-

xecrBeHHoi

MoAenh

HopMaruBHoe

3Harte-

HVe U

UfHOpVpOBanOCb

B

Bt43yanbHo-KoM-

uynnxaruexoi

Mo4enh, e

anutepxaruenofr

cTaHoBhTCF

npeaMeToM xyAoxecTBeHHo-

npoexrnoi

pe6neKcHt4,

Cra6lr-nrasupytot-qhecF

xaHpoeure

Sop-

Mbr,

o6reAuHeHHbte

B

ycroivraayto

crpyx-

rypy,

o6pa3ylor

Hoeur fi.,,xaupoeuri

crnns"

[8]

. tvto*"o

yrBepx{Aarb,

qro

np!4Hqun!4-

anbHo

raKhM

6y4er uecro

v

ponh

,Au-

safiH-ctr4nR"

B

aflbrepHarnBHorZ MoAenh

rpa(pnqecKoro gusailxa

-

Mecro 14

oonb

,,xaHpoBoro

ctnna".

Otueran

npereH3hl4

Bh3yarbHo-

KoM

MyH x KarH

BHoro rpa$uve-

cKoro

ah3afiHa

Ha

yHilBepcanbHocrb,

Mera-

hcropu.tHocrb

l..t roranbHocrb,

Ha

to,

qto6ur

ctturarbcF

o6u-1enpo$eccuoxansnofi

lr4eo-

nor

ueil,

anbrepHaruBHaF

Moaenb ocraBnF

er

3a HrM

npaBo

Ha noKaflh3aqup

B

paMKax

or4enuxoi

reoplecxoi

KoHqenquu,

paBHo-

npaBHoi

co BceMil

ocranuxurvu.

Moxno

6ttrr

yeepexxbtM,

'{ro

ecerAa

6yAyr

Ha-

xoAr4Tbca

onpeAeneHHbte

rHnbt o6beKToB

l,r

Ah3afi

HepoB-rpaO14KoB,

npeApacnonoxeH-

Hblx

hMeHHo

K

,,At

3aiH-ctvn}o",

u

vro

gtot

naxoxyr,{xsri

KoHcrpyKrt4BHulfi

,,cruns

ano-

xh

XX eexa"

[9,

c.

gZ]

Hai4er

ce6e

uecro

u e

XXI BeKe,

Ho

He

co cBepx)KaHpoBbtMt4

a6conorrasupoBaHHbtM14

npaBaMh,

a

Ha

Hop-

ManbHot

xarpoeofi

ocHoBe.

Taxuu

o6pasoM,

Ha

3Mnhphr{ecKoM

ypoBHe

Mbl

aocraToqHo

onpeAeneHHo

pa3_

Benu

cruneBbte

aBneHHR

e

rpa$nvecxol

Au3ai'He,

noKa3ann

hx

KaqecrBeHHoe

cBoe-

o6pa3ue.

3a4a4uucn

renepb

BonpocoM:

Ka-

Kue

6onee

rny6oxue

-

3creril,{ecKhe

-

ocHoBaHhF

o6ycnoenueant

etn

pasnuuna?

KaKaF

3CTeTUqecKaF

KOHUentlHF,

OnpaBAbt-

BaH

3aKoHoMepHocrb

raKHX

patnntuh,

no3BonFeT

reM

He MeHee

yaepx4BaTb

3Tl4

nporyBonono)KHocrh

B

eAuHoM

npo$ec-

c14oHarbHoM

npocrpaxcree?

51

TunonoruR

crnnei

3crerrqecxan

r4exrlr$uxaqnF

BbtAeneH-

Hbrx crrneabrx

nenexlai uoxer

6utrs

nno-

4oreopHoil

npn o6paulenrh

x hesecrHoi

r!4nororuh,,rpex ocreruK",

c$opuynupo-

eannoil

B.O. Clraopexxo.

B

eauxoi

cncre-

Me 3CTerHqecKoro co3HaHrF

u

aeFTenbHo-

crh

14M

BbraeneHbt

rp14 B3ahMocBF3aHHblx

fi

B3arMOAOnorHl,rrenbHbrx

Thna

3creTuK:

screrhKa

uenecoo6paggocrr

(roxAectea),

ocreruKa cvsrcnocoo6paaHocrr

(pasngt'

chn) h

oclerhxa

$oprraocoo6pagHocru

(ga-

eepurenran)

[ss-+l ]

.

O6parnvcn HenocpeacrBeHHo

K nepBo-

l,lCTOtl

Hn

KaM.

,,11pe4uerov

3crerhKr,,r

uenecoo6pas'

HOCril FBnfiercFl OTHOtJJeHhe

VeXay'sop-

uanuxoi

r,r

MarepuanbHof

crpyKTypaMh

3crerhqecKo

ro o6'uexra.

4en

ecoo6paexocru

3Aecb

Bbtcrynaer KaK ScrethqecKhf

npr4H-

qun.

11pr,r

3roM

npeAnonaraercn,

t{ro

cMbtc'

noBaF

crpyKrypa

o6texra

AaHa

anprtop-

Ho, no3roMy oHa

Bo BHeuJHuti

nnaH coexa-

HhFl

He BbrHoc!4rcF,

<...>

Scterrra

qene-

coo6pagHoc'ru

npeAnHcbrEaer hcKyccrBy

xut3Hecrporre.nbHble

gaqaqv

o6tngnnn

TOXAeCTBeHHOC rb

XyAO)KeC'rBeHHOrO

QaK-

ra u

peanuuoi

xt43Ht4,

pa3pbtBaer

rpaHt4uy

MexAy r4cKyccrBoM h xh3Hbo

r cnoco6-

clBVeI Bo3H14KHoBeHhrc

ah3afHepcKHX

Sopna

Aenrersxoc.ra"

[61

,

c. n] .

,,1-lpeaverov

gcrerHKt,t

cvstcnocoo6-

pa3HocI14

FBnAerca

oTHouleHfie

Mexay

cMblcnoM

ra

$oprraoi

gcrerrqecxoro

o6t-

exra.

flpn oroM

qenecoo6pasuocrs

6eper'

cF

KaK

y)Ke

aaHHaF

il cHFlraR

B

SopManb'

Hofi crpyxrype,

B

nefi

uenecoo6pa:Hocrs

rpaKryercFr KaK BTOpHqHOe

KaqecrBo,

no-

6oqHsri'i

npoayKr ctvrstcnocoo6pa3Hocrt4.

Uenecoo6pasFtocrb

-

3ro

roflbKo BHeUJ'

Hnn o6onoqxa

AeilcrBhrenbHoro

M!4pa,

3a

roropoi cKpblBarcTcFr

hAea]tbHbte

cyu-lHo-

crr,r. .

3aaaqa xyaoxHrKa

-

pacKpbt

Ib

aet-

crehrenuHsti,

qenoBe'{ecKut4

cMblcn

Be-

uteil. .

3ra 3crerilKa

nporpaMMupyer

xyao-

XeCTBeHHbll,l

uAean

qer|OBe'{HOrO

qenoBe-

Ka, coorBercreytoLqeri

ryMaHurapHbrM(a

He ecrecrBeHHonayvnuru)

npeacraBneHHHM

o

qenoeexe" (Tav

xe, c,

24|,

,

,,3crerura

pa3nhquR...

o6'uexruesocru

$axra

npo-

ThBonocraBn Fer

cy6texrre

nocrb

Bocnp !,rF-

rha

ero, MHpy BHeu.JHeMy npoThBonocTaB-

nf,er Mr4p exyrpexxrai,

voxonorrouy o6r-

eKT4BHOfO 3HaHhH

-

AHanOrt4'{HOCTb

CMbtC-

na...

Oxa

yrBepxaaer

HecBoal4Mocrb

roqeK

3peHuF

apyr

K

apyry"

[sS,

c,

ZS]

.

HaKoHeq.

Ana

3crerhKr4

SopMocoo6-

pa3HocTr4

rnaBHbrM

FBnFeTcF,,xyAoxecT-

BeHHaF

3aBepuJeHHocrb n o$opvnenHocru

coAepxaHhH t4

coaep)KaTenbHaf,

3Haqu-

Mocrb

xyAolKecreenHoi

$opuur".,,3cre-

Tr,r

K

h

Ll

ejr ecoo

6pa3HocTh

14 cM

btcn

ocoo6pa3

-

Hocrr4 o6ocHoeurgarct xvaoxecrgesxsri

R3brK

coAepxaHhn. Ho

3creruqecKaF

peS-

neKcr4a

cnoco6Ha o6pau.larucn h

Ha

caMy

xyAoxecrBeHHylo

QopMy..,

Scretrqecxoe

c!3HaHHe

yrBepx(AaeT

B 3ToM cjly'{ae He

Mhp cMbrcnoe

h

He Mnp

qenecoo6pasxo-

cTq,

a

Mhp xyaoxecTBeHHoro

F3blKa, KoM-

nO3Hql4OHHoro MbtuJneHuF

(...

;,

3aHr,rvan

3Ty 3CTeTUqeCKy|o nO3hUHrO, xyAO)l{H14K

reopr,rr

$oprurocoo6pasnurfi

Mhp, r. e. op-

raHil3yer Mhp no

npaBhnaM h npuHuhnaM

KoMno3huHoHHoi

$oprvur"

(Tarr,1

xe) .

llo

eavurcny aBropa,

KoHqenqha

,,rpex

3crerux"

nocnr nornqecxni

xapaKTep,

T.

e.

npeaBa3HaqeHa

aJ]F

cr,rHxpoHHbtx onu-

casrfi.

Oanaxo,

Ha Ha[! B3rnFA, onpeAe-

neHHaF TpaKroBKa

3TOH TUnOnOTUl4 MOXer

6strs

peneeaurHa

,r

AfiaxpoHHbtM

l4ccfleAo-

BaHilFM npoqecca

aKTyaIH3aqqh-AeaKTya-

nw3awv 3crerhqecKux

ycraHoBoK

npo$ec-

cl,roHanbHoro

t4

o6u]ecrBeHHoro

co3HaHhF

14

xyAoxecrBeHHbrx

nporpaMu

npoexrnoi

aeHTenbHocTH,

B

qacTHocTt4

npouecca

cTl4-

neBoro

pa3BuThF.

B.O.

CraopenKo orHtrchr

Bcrc

crune-

BVrc

npo6neMar!4Ky

B o6nacrs

screruKt4

$opvocoo6pasnocrn

(saeepu.rexran)

:,,Ka-

reroprlF crHnF,

crhneBoe caMoco3HaHHe

xapaKrepHo

ajlF

3creThK14 SaBep[!eHHH,

a

orKpbrrHe HoBofi

xh3HeHHOi

peafibHo-

cTu npoucxoaHr

He

B

paMKax

cTnneBoi

pe$neKchrl,

a KaK

pa3

BonPeKr

et

-

c

noshqetfi xoxrpcrrann"

(C.

20) .

flae

xe

Apyrt4e

3creruKu

npHBneKarcTcF

rl'tulb

aflF

MoAenupoBaHuF

-

MexAycru'1.ego'.

AuHa-

MgrK!4

-

,,MeXaHU3MOB

pO)KAeHnF

u

pa3-

pyuIeHHF

ctuna".

OaHaxo

nocKonbKy

,,BHe

CTUnF

xyAoxecrBeHHoe

coaepxa-

Hr4e

BOO6U.le

He MolKer

ocyulecTBl4Tb-

cH"

(C.

28)

,

ro

tn

xdxrpcrunu

uveer

ceoe

co6creeHHoe

crhneBoe

n3MepeHhe,

r. e,

BHyrpr4 3crerhKr4

uenecoo6pa3Hocr!'r

anu

cvstcnocoo6pasxocrrl

coAepxl'trcF

cBoF

gcrerilKa

Soprvrocoo6pasHocrt4'

Kare-

ropHF

cTunF

aeicTBtlTerbHo

xapaKTepHa

aIF

SCTeTHK14

3aBepUleHrfi,

Ho cThneBoe

caMoco3HaHre,

KaK

qacrb

3crer!4qecKoi

pe$neKcr,rH.

14Meer

yH!4BepcarbHhlf xapaK-

Tep,

xoTF

nph sToM

MoxeT

peanH3oBblBaTb-

cF

B

Apyfr4x

KaTerophFX,

3aMeularculhx

Ka-

TETODilrc CThNF.

lA

wlu

3crer!4Ka

uenecoo6pasHocrla

-

,,FBneHhe

crpyKrypHoe,

a He

McTopHqec-

xoe"

(C.

22\

,

ro H

screrr4Ka

Sopvocoo6'

pa3Hocrt4

voxer

6ultu

Bbt'{neHeHa

e no6oN4

KOHKPETHOM

f,BNEHViN,

B TOM

IIUCNE

h B

raKoM, KOrOpOe

paHee

KoHqenryanh3upo'

Barocb

KaK npfiHaanexaqee

ScreTuKe

qe-

necoo6pa3HocrH.

B raxux cnyqaFX,

ecnh

ocraercF

B cHne

npeauecrByoLLlaF

KoH-

r.lenryanr3aqHF,

era

$opr.,tocoo6pa3Hocrb

oKa3brBaercF

no orHouJeHhrc

K Het4

BHyr-

pennefi,

BblpaxeHHot

B 3aMet4eHHblx

crl4-

reBbrx

Kareropnnx.

Ho

gro

i/xe

6yAer oa-

HaqaTb

nepexoa

Ha

apyroi

cMslcnoBoi

vacurra6 aHanh3a.

flosrovy

nph coorHe'

ceHr&r crilneBoil

tunonoruu

c c!4creMoo6-

pa3yrculilMM

xapaKTep

hcrt4

KaMu

peanbHblx

Renexhfi

rpe6yercn co6nrc4eure

eauf'oro

cMbrcnoBoro

ruacu:ra6a

B

paMKax

npoqe-

Aypbl

runoflorv3a\t^n.

B xaxAol

LlenocrHoM,

KoHKperHoM

HB-

neuun aeus6uKHo

nphcyrcreytor

Bce

rpil

SCTeTHKr,r,

HO, KaK

noA'{epKUBaer

Ha

cxoaHoM

Marephane

A.A.

Py6r,ru,

nrc6oe u3

cz

lr|x

..ptrccTlBrlFeT

3Aecb

cBoh

aKqeHTbl,

yT-

*pxaaer

oco60e

orHoueHue

Mot(ay

nra'

lraHr4,

aenaeT

HcxoAHblM

l,l

onpeaerFto-

ulHM

oAllH u3 Tpex

nnaHoB,

l4xuttl

cno-

etrr{, KaxaaF

xyaoxecTBeHHaf

no3l|tll,la

3aI)CTpFeT

OAXH

liit3

TpSX

MOMeHTOB

SCTeTu-

r€cKoro

orHoueHhn

-

nostaaatenuutfi,

{eHHOCTHO{Mbtcnoeoi

Hnfi MoMeHT

Bblpa-

xennf,"

[as.

c,

tzs]

.

B.o, cranopexxo

noarBepxaaer,

qTo

MoxHo

roBopllTb

o

Tf,-

roreHltl,l

gCTeThqeCKOfO

COgHaHl'ilF

K

TOMy

xJrrr

HHoMy

runy:

,,.,.Tunoflor!,1'{ecKoe

pa3-

nsqlre 3cTeTt'{ecK}rx

nporpaMM, T.

e,

qe-

nocrxocrei

co3HaHltn,

o6tacxnetcn

telt,

qro

acrerttqecran

pednercxF

3aMblKaer

crpyKrypy

co3HaHuF

nn6o e nrocKocrl'l

oHronor!,|r4,

nr6o e

nrocKoctll

cMblcna,

nu6o a

nnocrocru

OopMbr..."

[OO,c.SZ,

58] .

Ecnr,r sro raK,

ro

nMetorcn

Bce oc-

I€BAHHH

COOTHECTil

CTHTEBbIC FBNEHYIF,

BblaeJreHHble

B HaLleM

3MnUpUqecKoM

aHa-

flr3e, c ThnaMu

npoeKrHblx

acTeTrK'

Bo

Haueuy

MHeHllxl,

Bl43yarbHo'KoM-

HyHr,rKart,tBHan

KoHqenqrR

rpa$nqecxoro

ansailHa

uoxet

6utru coorHeceHa

c

Scre-

nrxoi

qenecoo6pasxocru,

anbrepHaruB-

H{tr

-

c

ecreruroil

ctrrtutcnocoo6pasnoc-

rH, a

xyaoxecTBeHHan

-

c acTeTuKoi

4opr.locoo6paexocrta,

Cyulecreexnute

xapaKTepr4crt4Kt4

3rt4x

ruoaenefi

B cBoux

rnaBHbrx

nhHhRx

yno4o6nnrcrcR ocxoe-

HbrM coaepx(aTeflbHblM

KoMnOHeHTSM

Th-

nonoruu

,,rpex

gcrervtK",

a

cuutcn

ux

orHoueHhil

-

norhKe crnfleBoro

pa3Brl-

n4n. B ceorc

oqepeab,

rrtnonorun,,TPex

Trerur"

no38onFer

6onee

cucteuaru-

qecKu

npoaHarx3l4poBaTb

pa3fluql4F u

cxoAcrBa erux

uoAenei,

npocneAl4Tb

14x

B3ahMOCBFgb

t4 B3aUMOAOnOtlHhrenbHocrb.

Hau6onee

o'{eBuAHa

coorHeceHHo€Tb

Bu3yanbHo-KoMMyHl4KarfiBHot

Moaenll

rpa$uqecxoro anaafina

c screruxofi

qene-

coo6Dagtocru.

flpexAe

Bc€ro.

gcrern'{ecKoe

AnF

Hee

-

xe aneunril

npeAMer

uru

elo ceoficrBo,

a

3creruqecKoe

nepex<hBaHue uenemo6pag'

HocTx.

[eneco'o6paaluti

pe3ynbTar

-

3ro npeaMetHtrfi

o6pas

uenu.

Knrcqeeoe

noHaTne

Moaenh

-

,,Br3yanbHaH

KoMMy-

nnraqun"

-

KoHqeHTpl4poBaHHo

npeAcraB'

nFer rMeHHo

raKofi Txn

gcrenaqecxofi

pe$nexclrr,

3pr,rMo

BonnoqeHHyto

qetre@-

o6pagxocrs.

Uenu

AearenrHocrh

AH3afHe-

pa-rpadraxa

-

cBF3b,

nepeAaqa

14HSopMa-

uura,

,,8

KoHeqHoM

cqere

sOSeKTl4BHocrb

rpa$nqecxoro

Augafi

na onpeAenFercn

reM,

HacKonbKo

ToqHo

u npocTo

peueHa

KoM-

MyH!4KarvtBHaF

saaara.

l-paSuqecK14i

ax-

3aiH

npeBpaqaer

HeBh3yanbHble

cMblctlbl

B

BU3yanbHbre

3HaKr,

KoTOpble

aonxHbl

6urru

oauogxaqno

uxrepnperupyeuut"

lll,

c.Zal.

floao6xo roNry

rar

ausafix

aonxeH

6rtn cneAogars

sa

$yxxuraeil

r

roucrpyxquefi,

rpaSr,rrecxrafi

Anaafix

no-

cneAoBan

sa

taHdop[{aquei.

f.:,nep-,

screrllKe

qene@o6pa3Hocrn

csoficrEensa

6opu6a

aa,,aeM!4crl4QuKa'

tl!,ilo

xy4oxecrBeliHoro

rBopqecrBa,

_yr-

BepxaeHue

pa4uoHaabHoro nogxoaa"[63,

c.

181.

Ty

xe

renaexqhlo

,,pacKonaoBbl-

aaxuF

tvr}tpa"

peanu3yeT

h Bn3yaJlbHo-

KoMMyHt4KaruBHaF

Moaefl b.

oopMl4poBa-

Hxe

co6crBeHHoro

Kopnyca sosutx

nonarrfi

HeryMaHrlTapHoro

Tl4na,

raKHx,

KaK

,,8143y-

anbHaF

Kynbrypa",,,eueyanucl.uua",,,au'

eyansxurfi

TeKcr",,.eusyanututil

KoMMy-

xrrarop",,,Bh3yatrbHan

ycraxoexa",,,eu-

syanrsauun",,,eusyanstutfi

ruyu",,,xanan

cea3u",,,ceMaHT]4qecKne

rpaHc$opMa'

rluu",

,,cepuhautfi

re<cr",

,,ceruelt"

n ro-

uy

noao6xutx

HeonorH3MoB

u noHFTrli-

M!,lrpaHToB

u3 ceMhort4qecKoro

u HayqHo-

TexHhrrecKoro

neKcuKoHa, npFMo

opHeH-

T!,tpoBaHo

Ha

ro,

qro6bl

BblrecHrlrb

143

onucaurfi

rBopqecKoro

npoqecca

n eoo6u{e

ug aceir,,roi"

c$epsr

aenTer

bHocrtl

KaKyK)

6ur

ro xu

6utno

xeonpeaeneHHocrb.

B

gcteruxe qenecoo6pagnocrr

aKrya-

n[3!4pyercF

o6pag

xmca.

KoropoMy

npo-

TuBonocraBneHa

o6rexrrenag

4

aocrynHaF

AnF

no3HaHhF

pa3yMHocrb

aeicrehrens-

Hocrlt.

14 eHgyanuHo-KoMMyHuKaruBHaF

KoHuenquF

rpa$uqecxoro

an3aiHa

nona-

raer

,,Br43yaflbxurft

xaoc" oaHltM

t43 Kpae-

yronbHbrx

pa6o.llx

noxnrrfi'

Ona

cnoco6-

Ha

o6HapyxHTb

ero

aaxe

Ha Marepua'

ne nauei uutqei,

Ae$xut4rHofi

3pHrerbHoi

p@flbHocr],l,

BbIABltraF

no oTHoueHhrc

K

Hei,,cBepx3aAaqy

ynopF4oqeHhn Bl4Syanb-

xoi cpe4ur"

[o+,

c. s] .

,,8

coeperrteerutx

ycnoBlrFx

H6

Kaxaoro

u3 Hac

qBerorpaQt4-

recraR

nn$opuaquR

o6pyulueaercn

B BHAe

pa3Ho.o6pa3Hefi

ruefi

nonnrpaSuuecxofi

npo'

ayKtlxlr,

peKnaMHbtx

x ux$optuaquoxnrtx

creHAoB,

6ecqhcneHHbtx

BbtBe@K

Ha

(paca-

Aax AOMoB,

BHTphH

tl l4HTepbepoB

Mara3u-

HOB, KITOCKOB

14

TpaHCnOpTHblx

ocraHoBoK,

4HTepbepoB

MeTpononhTeHa14

BoK3anoB.

Oxa

oposuxaer

B HauH

KBaprlpbt

B BuAe

BceBo3MoxHbtx Ha!tMeHoBaani

6ltrogutx

npu6opos

B

conpoBox(aeHt4t4

HenoHFTHblx

quOp,

noMeuleHHblx

Ha caMblx

Bl,laHblx

Mecrax,

KpynHo...

Aaxe

e

aouaruxefi

6u6nuorexe

14n,t B

KHHxHoM Mara3l4He

Mbr

Haxo4t4M

143AaHHf, CaMblx

HeBepoFTHblx

(popMaroB,

KaxAoe

H3 Koropblx

crapaercH

3aFBhrb

o ce6e csotih{

nepennerov.

Orcyt'

crer4e xaxoi

6ut

to

xu 6utno

cucreMut

e

qeerorpa$raqecroi

rxSopuaqr4Y

co3aaer

euayanuxutfi

AucxouSopr,

qro

Heus6exHo

npuBoalrT

K nchxoiortl'.lecKt,|M

neperpy3-

KaM",

-

HarHeraer

crpacrh

A. h'

Kyapne-

uee

[29,c.18].Ay

M. F.xyxosaeusy-

anuxurfi

xaoc,

gTor

,,o6pag

epara"

anF

Bh-

3yanbHo-KoMMyxrxaruexoi

MoAenh,

npt.t-

o6peraer

noucrxHe

BceMltpHo{4crophqec'

xufi

r"lacurta6

r Bbt3blBaer

HeBepoFTHbli

na$oc:,,Yrpo3a

BceneHcKoro

Bh3yafl

bHo-

ro xaocS

BbrHyxAaeT

npo(peccl4oHatla

cTaTb

Mr,,rccl4oHepoM,..

o6aguteaet

ero

K caMoyT-

B@XAeHr4lO

U CaMOCEBepUleHcTBoBaHH|o,

K

rny6orouy

3HaHvtrc

n BblcoKoMy

Macrep-

crBy

-

qto6ul

caenatscF

AocrofiHblM

3Toi

Mnccun"

[te,

c.

tS] .

(3arrlerrar,ir

e cxo6-

Kax,

qTo

nocneaHHe

SKcnephMeHTanbHble

hccreaoBaHun

e o6nacru

Bhaeo3Konorhh

cBnaeTenbcTByoT

o

ToM,

t{To

K

ncrxono-

rhqecKuM

neperpy3KaM

npuBoAHT

Ha

ca-

53

F-

{

MOM

Aene

KaK

pa3

CnUUJKOM

ynOpFAOqeH-

Han, HeaocraroqHo Hacbru.[eHHaH 3phrenb-

HblMtt

gneMeHTaMU,

T. e, HeAOCTaTOqHO

xaorerqHan

Br,r3yanbHaR cpeaa

[es,

c.zo-

?21.\

B

ceoe epeun

B.l,'1.

Tacanoe,

Kpr,rrl,rKyF

SCTeTUKy reXHhUh3Ma, nrcan O

TOM,

qro

oHa

npoH3Boahr

,,fl14KBr,raaqhrc

(Kpacorbr

D

KaK', KOpeHHO|-O nOHFThn, KOHqeHTpHpyrO-

uero

B ce6e

o6utecreexHoe 6oralcreo ec-

rerHqecKOro

ocBoeHHF

aeficteurenuHocrh"

[0e

,

c.

zS]. B

acreruxe

qenecoo6pasnoc-

rH, B

CaMOM

rqene,

KSreropuF

KpacoTbr,

npeKpacHoro

orcyrcrByer.

Ho

orcyrcrByer

He

no

3noMy

yMbrcny.

flpocro

,,8

F3brKe

3crerHKh

uenecoo6pasHocru

Her cneq!4anb-

Hbrx

cnoB

o6 acretuqecxux ceoicreax

pe-

anbHocr!4:

uenecoo6pasxocru

3aBeAoMo

Haxoat4TcH BHyrpl4 KpacoTbr,

HeMbrcnHMa

BHe Kpacorbl, ecrb ee BHeurHee

npoFBne-

Hue, a Kpacora ecrb

caMa

cnoco6nocru

ec-

rerugecKh

pe$neKrg'rpoBart

rlenecoo6pas-

Hocrb

Mnpa"

[ss,

c. zz] ,

llpunqrnvansxo noao6uoe orHor.rteirhe

K Tpaaqqr4oHHbrM

3cTeThqecKl.lM

KaTeropH-

aM

MoxHo 6urno Ha6noaarb

H nph

yrBep-

xaeHHr

Bh3yanbHo-KoMMyHuKaThBHoro

ansahna.,,...l-pa$rarecrcre

pa6orur

oqexr-

BalorcFl

KpurephFMH

(HpaBHrcB)

H

(He

HpaBHrcF)) B Hr,{x

paccMaTphBarcTcFr

ronb-

xo

6opvanuHbre

npheMbr KoMno3hr-I4H.,,

rpe6oeannR,

orHocFulhecn

K Kynbrvpe.

rpa$nvecxofi

rpaMorHocrr4

h BKycy

xy-

aoxH14!<a",

-

npearaBnFna cver

E.B.9ep-

HeBrq K npeaurecrsyroulei

MoAen14 npo-

Seccran

ftl

,

c,

lsl . orxagursaacu or

3THX KphrepHeB, Bil3yanbHO-KOMMyHIKa-

THBHaF MOAenb nepeBOAUr rpaAHqt4oHHbte

KoMno3hqhoHHute npo6nevut B ceMHorl,4-

'{ecKyro

nnocKocrb,

rae

qeH-rpanbHoi

oxa-

3brBaercn npo6neva

,,F3br

Ka

rpa$ucecKoro

augailna".

HaKofleq,

screrHKa

q,enecoo6pagxocrla

xoporxo

onhchrBaer h HaqanbHyro

Sa:y

yr-

BepxaeH!4f,

Br43yanbHo

-KoMMyHu

KaruBHor

MoAenh

rpa$u,rec<oro

4usahta,

Koraa

,,Hu3xne"

n

,,neplr$eprainsre"

xanpur

nepe-

Meu.laorcF

B BepxHl4il

ypoBeHb

qexxocrgoi

uwapxau,

Bsrnn4

xa

npeAulecrBytor4ee

pa3Bhri4e

npo$eccur, r, e.

Ha

xyAoxecreeHHyro

Mo-

aenb,

KaK

Ha FBneHHe, TunonorHqecKu

co-

orBeTcrBy|or4ee

ScreruKe

3aBepueHuF, Mo-

xer noKa3arbcf,

MeHee o6ocuoganHuru

ug-

3a

pFAa

hcropr4qecKhx

napa4oxooe. Tax,

no norhKe cTilneBoro

pa3BHTr4F

HOBaF CTU-

NEBAF

MOAENb HAqTHAETCF

C

BHECTHNEBbIX

$oprra,

nporueonocraBnaeMblx

crrnto.

B

cnyqae

3arFHyBulerocR nporueo6opcrea

xyaoxecrBeHHoil

u eusyaauHo-KoMMyHr.r-

xaruexofi

uoaenefi nporcxoarno

qyrb

nu

He o6parHoe.

BeAu

ehsyanuHo-KoMMyHuKa-

ruBHaF

KOHUenqUF

yTBepxaanacb

OAHO-

BpeMeHHO

C BO3HT4KHOBeHheM

3penbtX CT,1-

neBbrx

4)opM

c

y)Ke

h3outpeHHbtMl.i

KoMno-

3Hrlr4oHHbrMrl Ka'{ecrBaM!i.

He cnyvafino

aa

grr4Mr4

QopMaMH

H

yrBepAhnocb

cronb na-

paAoKcanbHoe

Har4MeHoBaHhe

-,,Atasaial-

crunu".

C

4pyroil

cropoHbri

xyaox(ecrBeH-

HaF

MOAenb,

FBnFK)UIaFCH,

nO

HaujeMy

npeanonoxeHhro,

3aBepuJeHheM,

xBocToM

npeaujecrBylouler

KBa3hKnaccuqecxofi

cn-

cTeMbl, HE crhneBoM

ypoBHe

oKa3anacb

flpeacraBneHHoi e

60e roAbt

BecbMa Bht-

po)KAeHHbTMH

Soprvraura,

nperepneBu!4Mh

'4

roMv

xe onpeaeneHHyn

eposnrc.

Taxrv

o6pa3oM,

B

peanbHocrh

14Meno

Mecro npo-

rl4BocToFIHhe

He

KoHTpcThnf,,

T. e.

He{T|4-

nF, h

cTaporo crt nF., a

HoBoro, BnoflHe

cnoxlrB[rerocF

crHIH 14 cTaporo

yxefloq-

Tl.1+tecrunF.

Tev

ge

MeHee

npr4Hqunr4anbHaF

norhKa

crr4reBbrx

nepexoaHbrx

npoqeccoB Ha6nto-

aaeTcF 4oBonbHo

oTqernhBo t4 B

TaKvx

BecbMa

cBoeo6paeustx

o6cToHTenbcrBax,

3crernxa

Sopvocoo6paaHocrh,

no

Mbrc-

nr,r

B.O.

CraAopeuxo

r,l

fl.A. Kyesvr,r,reea,

'aenaer

npeaMeroM ecrerhqecxoil

pe$nex

-

cuv caMv

QopMy,

ee

nporpaMMa

KpucTan-

JIl43yercF a BhAe

$opvanuHofi

cilcreMbt

F3brKa,

npaBhn rounosrqru"

[0t,c.20]

.

Taxurrr,l

o6pasoM,

ro,

r{ro

Bh3yanbHo-KoM-

MyHi4KAThBHaF MOAenb

hHKp

r4M, HHpOBara

xyaoxecrBeHHoi

-

3aMl<Hyrocrb

Ha

+op-

My,

-

FBnFnOCb

4nF

nOCneAHen

UMMaHeHT-

HbrM,

cyu{HocrHurrvt

ceoficreoM,

14

ro,

'{To

Bh3yanbHo+<oMMyHilKarxBHaH

KOHqenqhF

BbrABrrara

B

Ka'{ecrBe

ocHoexoi

npo$ec-

c!,roHarsxofi

npo6neMbr

npo6nenay

Rautxa

rpaSuvecxoro

aueailaa,

HhKaK He

o3Ha'{a-

eT,

qTo

y

npeauJecTByroulero

npoQeccro-

HanbHofo

3Tana f,3brK

BoBce orcyTcTBo-

Ban

-

oH npocro 6stn

uHaqe

opraHH3oBaH,

,{pyroe aeno

-

To o6cronTenbcrBo,

qro

npH

coxpaHeHu[ Bceh

BHyrpeHHeil crpyK-

Typbr

cTunH,

oavxxyroft

ra

$opruanuuuri

nnaH, xyaoxecrBeHHaF Moaenb

yrpaqrBana

opraH!,rqHocTb caMilx 3THX

cruneesrx

$opu,

Koropbre

r

60+vr rogav

npaKTuqecKH

yxe

Bbraoxnhcb.

Onopa

ga

BHe[JHhe o6pa3qbr,

Ha

Bbruenexauluil

cnoil

xyaoxecrBeHHblx

qeHHocret

B xyaoxecrBeHHor

Moaenr cox-

paHFnacb,

Ho caMn sru o6pae4ur

uepna-

rrr4cb

He

rs exyrpranpo$eccfioHanbHot

rpa-

AIA\UVI

A 3AHMCTBOBATINCb'

KAK

MbI

BhAE.

nu,

'ro

rA3 oAHoro,

To

r43

apyroro

cnoF

xy-

AOXeCTBeHHO'

upap{rr'.u h npuHt4Msnh

Br44

raKux

ManoopraHhqHbtx

aenexuh, KaK

cTaHKOBI43M,

KHT4XHOCTb hnu

QonbKnoptt-

goeaHHsri

aeKoparhBH3M.

B xoxqe

xoH-

qoB

B

ponu

,4croqHqKa

KoMno3uql4oHHblx

3aKOHOB,

KaK

3TO HH

napaAOKCanbHO, oKa-

sanca

,,ausahqclnnb",

c

oasofi cropoHbr,

eue

npex4eBpeMeHHbri, a c

Apyroi

-

yv(e

ycrapeeruufi,

lz1

saecu

E,B.9epneauv npa-

ea:

,,Bocnpurnvaa

o

rpa$uuecKoM

au3ai-

He

rol|bKo

ero cTunucrr4Ky,

xyaoxHfiKI4

t4c-

nonb3yroT ee

3neMeHlbr B cBohx

aeKopa-

ThBHbrx KoMno3rqHFX.

flpu

arorv onycKa-

eTcFt BcF norHKa h

ocMbtcneHHocTb

4H34l.1-

HepcKr.rx nocrpoenrfi

u

ocrarcrcn,

rpy6o

FOBOpF, O4Hr,r

KBaAparbr

H crpenoqKh..."

hc ^ tt'l

t,

U, L.

|

,

l

HaKoHeq,

anbrepHarilBHyxr

Moaenb

rpa-

$rvecroro

ausahta

Mbr

paccMarphBaeM

B

cBere

3crgrhK14 cMbrcrocoo6pasxocrr.

B

3roil ecrer!4xe

[enecoo6pasxocrb

rpaKry-

ercn

KaK

,,Brop!4qHoe

xatecreo",

6epercR

{

:

i

1

*

,-l-

AA

Yxe

KaK

,,yxe AaHHar,

cHFTar"

[Al,

c" Z+] .

Hruexno

raK

Mbr n onpeAenunr,r

npohcxoA,F-

u{yro B

groi

Moaenh

neaKryanu3aqu}o

BH-

3yanbHoro

(DyH

Kq14oHanu3Ma.

Ceroann, Koraa MoxHo na6nnAars

nHtub

HaqanbHure

$exouexur

anbrepHarhB-

Hoi MeAenli,

Hac

npexAe

Bcero

HHTepecy-

roT

r4cxoaHbre

MoMeHTbr

QopMr4poBaHhs

3c-

T€THKU

HoBoro

runa,

flocxonbKy BcFKoe

xyAoxecTBeHHoe

aBneHr,re

3apoxaaeTcf,

B

cpe.qe scTeThKr4

ToxAecTBa,

nocTonbKy

14

aHyTp14

3cTeThKl,t Da3nyrquH To)Ke

aoflxHa

6rrtu

co6craeHHaF 3crerltKa rox(AecrBa,

bo

yxe

Apyloro

cMbtcnoBoro MacurTa-

6a. hprerto

raK Ha caMoM

aene

u npouc-

roaHT:

3cTeTuKa

Tox(aecTBa

B KaqecTBe

rrpyrrypxoi

cocraBnsrculef

3crerr

Kn

pa3-

nn'iria

npeAcraer B

Blrae

gcrerhKr4

a6cypaa.

,3ftypa

KaK xapaKrepvrcruKa

cnryaqqh

sHeeT

oTpr4qaTenbHoe

qeHHocTHoe

3Ha'{e-

*e.

Ho

KaK 3creThqecxui

npr,rxuun

ox

flonoxnTeneH.

Bo{repBbtx,

noToMy,

t{lo

Jro

OopMa

6ecxonanpourr,rccHoro

u

qect-

.oro

oTHotlJeHHF <

aeicreraTenbHocTH,

o6xaxarculero

aaxe

caMbre Henpr4rnFA-

ib|e ee cTopoHbr, a

Bo€Topbrx, noroMy,

4-O

3TO

Cr4CTeMa

npileMOB XyAO>KeCTBeH-

-oro

MoaenupoBaHuF

4ercrBr.lTenbHocrH

<a< o6texra <puruxu"

[sS,

c. z0] .

B

o6gope

oMnhpilqecKoro

Marepuara

ubr KaK

pas

rl

Ha6noaanu,

'{To

atlbrepHa-

-rBHhte

crnreBbre

npoqeccbr

gaquxapt

o6-

:4yxHBarb ce6a

qepes

a6cypAl,l3aq!4K)

-eri

cucreruur,

c

BHyrpeHHeil

npo6neua-

-ersalrr

curyattuu,

c Kphsuca.

,,A6cypa-

:GCTb

-

3To

AOBeAeHHoe

AO

npeAefla

coc-

-fiH!ie

npo6neuxocrn,

HanpFxeHHocrt4,

le3opBaHHocrl4

Mnpa,

3To

pacKonorocrb

:rlraHHf,..,

3To

pl4cKoBaHHoe

cTpeMneHhe

iBHAeTb

Xl43Hb

Ha

rpaxu

xaracrpoSut"

-iau

xe, c.

241,

-

HanhcaHHble EocraroqHo

"IlaBno

B KoHTeKCTe

reoperllqecKoro

aHanu-

!s

crpyKTypbt

scterhqecxofi

pe$neKcuu,

-x cnoaa

BocnphH!4MaOTCF

KaK

npFMaF

dpaKrep

Hcrt4 Ka

ceroaHn

L!Hero

rpatfurec-

ioro

4HgaiHa.

l-paH.q,uosxrre

nporpaMMbt

(pupMeHHblx

cruneil,

3aBepuJaBtrtue

ocBoeHr4e

BH3yarb-

Ho{<oMMyHl,tKarugxoi

tloaen14

u npeAHa3-

Ha'{aBUhecF anF

ToranbHoro

ynopFAoqe-

Hr,rF

Br,l3yanbHoro

xaoca ta xayvxoil

ocHoge,

e

xaroi-ro

Mepe

oonaaanu BHyrpeHHelM

poacTBoM

co

BceM

aaMrlHHcTpaTnBHo-KO'

MaHAHbTM

KnuMaroM

rex

ner.

Onu

6urnr

opueHTlrpoBaHbr

Ha

EHeapeHlle

KoMaHAHbl-

Mh MeroAaMu.

Xapaxrepex clM xaHp

pac'

npocrpaHeHHoro

B STot MoAenn

AoKYMeH'

ra:

,,Pyxoeo4creo

no

St4pMeHHoMy

crl4'

nlo"

-

a4MUHl.lcTpaTrBHOe

ynpaBneHue

crhneM

AenTenbHocrt4,

o6pasor.a

xH3Hl''1.'.

B ecretrre

pa3nt4qhH

aKTyEnH3hpyercn

caua

cnoco6xocrb

nopoxaarb KoHqenqHx,

KaKuMu

6ut

$axracrul€cKxMll

oHH

Hh Ka'

3anhcb, ,,B

srotit

cnyrae

4uaainepcKoe

co3-

xaxne

o$oprunFercn

B

3crerhKy

cMblcra

(ronqenrvanuerur

ra r' n')

.

Ecnra

Syxxqrao'

HanhsM

anennltpyer

rc o6texraexoctn

u

HCTTIHHOCT!,|

npoeKTHOTO

3tMblcna...

To

KOHqenTyanuSM,

HanpoT9lB,

qeHuT

Heoxh-

aaHHocrb,

napaaoKcanbHocTb

!l opnruHaa5-

HOCTb

!4AeU, He

npealFBnFF

KpnrepnF

Hc-

ruatl'

[oo,

c. sz]

Henpe4cxasyeuocru

rpa$lrqecKux

pelueHuf

.

KaK Mbt

BuAefll4,

-

oAHo

u3 cyulecrBeHHbtx

caoicre

anbrep-

HaruBHoi

MoAenn.

,,3cteruxa

pa3n!4quF

Bo BceM

nporrBo-

nonoxHa

ocrerlrKeroxaecrea"

[s9,c.23],

Ecnu ocreruxa

qenecoo6pasxoctu

o6tex-

THBHa,

3aKOHOMepHa,

T. e. BHeKoHTeKcTy'

anbHa,

BHehcropH'.lHa,

BHeKoHuenTyanbHa,

BHeueHHocrHa,

To

3crerrKa cuutcnocoo6-

pa3Hocrl4

ocosHaer

npeAMer

B

KoHTeKcTe

!4cropr4u

u

Kynbrypbl'

Mo3auqHocrb,

qhrar-

Hocrb,

AltanornqHocrb

Mbl

u xa6nPAaeu

ta

MaTep

rane

anbTepHaT!48

Hblx

cTlltteBblx

npo

-

ueccoB

B

coBpeMeHHoM

rpaQt4'lecKoM Al4-

gaise.

HaxoHeu,

ecnr

Screrr4Ka

qenecoo6pa3'

HOCTU

nonaraeT

Mlrp

KaK

aaHHocTb'

TO 3C-

reruKa

cMbrcttocoo6pasHocru

BBoaHT

+,r'

rypy

cy6texra

B x)"aoxecrBeHHyK) aencr-

BlrrenbHocrb

-

6utrue

oxasutgaercn

roqxoil

3peHxF,

Bbrpa)KeHHeM cMbrcna.,,...Pasnoxe-

HUe

KaFfthHbr MHpa Ha To'{Kh

speHhF

npea-

nonaraer oaHoBpeM eHHoe

BblAeneHlle

h HAl,l

-

BhayanbHbrx

co3HaHHil

B HX MHoxecrBeH-

Hocrr,r

h

He3aucnMocru..."

Ug,c.2s)

,v

3TO, KaK Mbr MOrnh

BUAeTb,

l4cqepnhlBalo-

t4e

unnrccTpl4pyeTcF SnbTepHaTHB

Hbl Mn F

el

-

neHnFMu

e

rpa$uqecxov

augafixe:

He cny'

qaixo

oAns

ta3

crlHoHlitMoB

,,xoeoi

eon-

nur"

-,,nnrcpann3u".

Moxro uroxt4Tb

u

aanbue

nv+uu co'

nocTaBneHuF

Tpex

SCTeTHK c TpeMF cTl4nF-

run

rpa$nrecroro

au3aiHa,

OaxaKo

ta

npn-

BeaeHHbrx

xQaKreprcTl''lK,

no€HAhMoMy,

Aocra

ror{ Ho,

qro6sr

pac

u.I,rp r4Tb

np

eAcra

Bn e-

Hl,tF o XyAOxeCTBeHHbIX

FB'leHUFX rpaQh-

qecKoro

augafixa

u o6tacxrru ctuneeoi

npouecc KaK cMeHy ScreTHqecKhx

napa-

4e!

r

M.

3ra rrnonoruR

onpeAenHel

H nep!,lo4l1'

3aqr,rrc

cruneBbrx

npoqeccoa,

lz1

xorn no-

cneaHFF ocyulecTBnFeTcF

He

B npeaMeTe

r4cropr'ru HcKyccrB,

crpyxrypxoi

e4uxtt'

qei

ee ece-raKu oKa3btBaprcF

aecFTxne'

Tr'rH

-

,,Kupnuqu<u"

uctopuu,

Mut ettaenilnu

gran

60-x

FoAoB

lit

Yc-

floBHO

Ha3Ba,lh

ero

KBa3HKnaccuqecKnM.

Onnaxo Haqano

3Toro

grana

FBHo

Bbtxo-

akr

3a BpeMeHHbte

paMKLr

HccfleaoBaHrH

-

no xpailwefi rraepe

a

30c

roAut.

3ran

70-x

roAoe, o6ogxa,{eFtxutfi

KaK

s14

3yanhHo-KoM

-

ruryxuraruexsri,

B cBoro

oqepeAb

npoaon-

xaer

h

pa3BrBaer

npepBaHHbti KBa3uKnac-

chqecKl4M

STanoM

qilKn pa3BhTt4F,

3aaaH-

nsri

e 10-20e roaut

rpa$uqecKuM

+yry-

pI43MOM

14 KOHCTpyKTtlBtl3MOM.

HaKOHeq,

gran

80-x roaoB

-

Haqano

BonnouleHuF

Ho-

Eoi

cruneeoft

napaaurMbr, Hattano

HoBoFo

etana, rotopsti

BocnpHHhMaercF

HaMul

KaK anbrepHarheHurfi.

Taxuu

o6pasou,

crnneebre

npoqeccbr e coeercxou

rpa$r-

qecKoM

ausailre

60-80-x

roaog

xapaKre-

pr43yoTcF

TpeMF

3ranaMh cTnneBoro

pa3'

BHTr4a, Koropbre

npeacraBnFrcr

co6of

aBa

KoHqa

h oAHo Haqano

6onee

xpynxutx crr-

neBblx STanoB.

x

55

r'

qEnocTt-iocTb

CTl4IIEBOFO

PA3BHThR

Cruneeule

npoqeccbr

11 npoeKrHaf,

Kynbrypa

B npe4rr4yulrax

pa3aenax

Mbl crpeMunrcb

MaKCHMaIbHO

pa3BeCTh

MOAenu rpa(pH'{e-

cxoro

4ntaina,

BblnBr,trb

Hx KaqecrBeHHyto

onpe4enexxocrr

u

ceoeo6paore.

fi,pyraa

eaxxeiuan

cropoHa

Haluero hccneAoBaHrF

cBF3aHa

c npFMo npoTr4Bononoxnoil

n|H.-

TeHua4ei

-

x

o6reauxeHllro aTr4x

Renexhil

B

OAHO

qenoe,

Teopeturecxr

eAhHcrBo

ruoaeneft rpa-

Qlr,{ecKoro Augailna

3aroxeHo

B

caMoM

cnoco6e HX

pagBeAeHHF

c

noMoulbro

na-

paAhrMbt,,Tpex

3crert4K".

e3aunaocen3ax-

Hbrx

H

B3auMoAoflonHFrc[qhx

Apyr Apyra

e

e4uxoi

cl4creMe

gcreruqecKoro

co3Ha-

xun.

.{ourtnpoeaHue

roi

unu

uaah tao-

aeI|H

Ha KaxaoM

H3 STanOB CTt4fleBOfO

pa3Bhrr4F

rpa(buqecKoto

A}/.gaitHa

He o3Ha-

qaeT,

qTo

ocTanbHbte

TepFpT BcHKoe 3Ha-

venre.

[lponcxoa]4T

cBoero

poAa

ucropuqe-

cKaF nynbcaq,hF,

KorAa

ta

rpe6enu

npoeKT-

HO-XyaOxecTBeHHoro

co3HaHHf,

BbtxoAhT

oAHa u3

uo4enefi,

oaHa u3

ecrerrx,

[1pu

3TOM

OcTanbHbte

MOAenh He Hcate3arcT,

oHt,l

HenpepblBHo

TFHyTcF

qepe3

ucTopt4rc, a 3c-

Terr4Kr4

-

qepe3

co3HaHhe

rax4oro

4usafi-

Hepa,

yAepxuBaf,cb

TaM

B Hepe$neKrhpye-

MoM

B!4Ae, Bo3MoxHocrb

coxpaHHTb npe4-

cTaBfleHue

o eAHHCTBe

t4

qenoCrHOCTr4

CTH-

fieBoro

pa3BhTHA

nph

oaHoBpeMeHHoM

pa3-

BeaeHVa4

crr4reBbtx

aenenri

-

eaxxeiu:ee

MeToAOIIOFfiqecKOe

AOCTOIIHcTBO

TunOnO-

rvv

,,rpex

screrr4x",

OAsaxo caM )KaHp rr1-

nonorh'{ecKoro

aHannga 06ycnoBnHBaer

H3BeCTHyIO

)KeCTKOCTb

y

CXeMaltl3M

U3nO-

xenuR. fl

ogrovy

nocnoocyulecrBneHHF

ra-

Koro

aHaflH3a

Bcer4a

ocraeTcn

geo6xo.qu-

Mocrb

AononHhrenbHbtx

ycunnil

no Boccra-

HoBneHurc

xapyulenxofi

KyrbrypHo{4cro-

puqecKof

TKaHH,

OAltx

r,rs Bo3MoxHbtx

nyrei

B

groM

Ha-

npaBneHHl4

cocTol4T B

nepeHeceH4h

npuMe-

nneuoi napaahrMbt

,,Tpex

ocreruK"

Ha60-

nee KpynHbte

cTpyKrypHbte

3neMeHrbt

cTt4-

neBoro

pa3Bl,trr4F,

B

pScujHpeH!,th

co4nanb-

HO-KylbTypHOrO KOHTeKcTa

cTuneBbtx

npo-

qeccoB

B

rpa(pHqecKoM

gulailne,

conocraB-

nettAu nx

c

o6rqerynurypHbrMh

npoqecca-

ur,

AnR

Haulux 3aaaq

x

ypoBHF

!4ccneAoBa-

Ht4F

BnotrHe

AocraroqHo

nuu.ru

o6r.uero

yKa3aHuF

Ha 3ry nphH4hn4anbHyto

Bo3-

MOXHOCTb, nOCKOnbKy

AeTanbHoe

ee

pac-

cMorpeHre

norpe6oeano

6ut exnto,lexun

HOBOTO MaTept4ana,

npllBneqeHhF

lloBbtx

MeTOAOrOrhqecKux

cpeAcTB,

f-pa$urgcrr,rfi

Ausailx

e

xaueil

c,rpaxe,

oToxAecrBneHHbti c

Bu3yanbHo-KoMMyHh-

KaruBHoi

MoAerbK),

HaqhHar

pagBhBarbcF

noa

$narou

pa4rxanrxofi

HoBh3Hbt,

Bnnorb

Ao

orropxeHVr. Bcert

npeALUecrBytoulefi

npo$eccuoxarunofi

rpa4uquu,

3ry

curya-

tlhlo Mbt o6o3Haqunil

KaK

npomBocroFHt4e

xyaoxecraeHHoi H

B143yanbHo-KoMMyHh-

rarhexoi vo4enal

rpa$u'{ecKoro

Ata3ail-

sa.

Ho

ecnr

veenyqfiTb

cvulcnoeoil

Mac-

ura6

ananrsa, To o6e

Ha3BaHHbte

Moaenh

Mo)KHo

yBuAerb

KaK

nponenexue

oAnofi

gcreruKr4 -

ocrerhKrl

roxaecrBa

(ueneco-

o6pasxocrn). B

erov

cfly'{ae B

Hux MoxHo

BbrqneHhTb

Te

KoMnoHeHTbt.

KOTOpbte

cooT-

HocFTcF c noHFT[eM

,,peanusu"

e

$euorrae-

He,,coqhaflrcruqecKui

peanu3v",

sa4arc-

u.leM KoHTeKcr

6onee KpynHoro

Kyrrbryp-

HO +4CTOpUqeC KOfO

3Tana.

[lpe4enrxoe yBerhqeH14e

cMbrcnoBoro

Maclura6a B

gToM

HanpaBneHilh

npuBoAr4T,

Ha

HauJ

B3fnFA, K

OCMbtcneHhrc

Bcero npea-

uecrByrcu.lero

pa3BVTuA

npoeKTHoi

Kynb-

Typbr

B KaTeFopt4FX

ScTeThKt4

TOXAeCTBa.

3ror

uu

xn Ha'{ancn

c MoMeHTa

BbtxoAa

npoexrxoi

Kynbrypbt ug

xaxoxuqecxoil

cilcTeMbr,

t{cTopr4qecKoe BpeMF

CyLuecTBO-

BaHnH Koropoi

Moxer

6srru

ntlepnperu-

poBaHo

B

napaahrMe acTeTuKt4

3aBepuJeH!,lF

(Soplaocoo6paaxocrra)

. flo

ecei

Bual4Mo-

crt4, Mbt f,BnFeMca

cBUAeTgnFMH

OKOHqa-

Hl.rF 3TOrO

qt4K'|a,

npa4MeTbt

'{ero

-

B no.

l4cKax

arbTepHar!|BHbtx

MoAerei

pa3BHTt4F

Kynbrypbt

H coltt4yMa,

B

paAHKanbHbtx

3Ko-

noruqecKux

cABurax il

T. n.

Boguoxso,

Kpl,r3[4cHbte

FBneHuF

e npoerrtofi

Kyrbry-

pe,

o6o3HaqhBult4ecn

B 80-e

roart,

gxanae-

HyfoT

co6oi

nepexoA

K

HoBoMy

UHKry

ee

pa3BlrruH,

roropurfi

6y4er

onrcstearbcn

c

noMou.lbo

napaA4rMbt

SCTeThKH

pa3nh'{hF

(cusrcnocoo6paexocru)

.

Ilpe4nonaraerrauri

pesynurar

conocraB-

neHun

Moa,enefi

rpa$ratecxoro

angafina

c

4rnauuxoi

o6uleKynbrypHblx

npoqeccoB

TaKoro rcropl4qecKoro

ruacu:ta6a

AoBonb-

HO napaA,oKcafleH:

npoTl,tBopevun

nepeofi

Ha

HCCneAyeMOM

HaM!,t BpeMeHHOM

OT-

peere

npo6neunoh

curya4un,

60-70-x ro-

AoB,

BbtrflFAeBUJei

npeAenbHo

ocrpo,

crna-

xrBarcTca,

saro

npuo6perator ocrpory

npo-

TtaBopeq]4a

eropoi

npo6nevxofi

curyaquu,

80-x

roaoe,

Koropbre

s

peanbHoM

npo$ec-

cHoHanbHoM

ABy'/KSHUU

BHeUIHe

Bbtrfl FAeJtil

ropa3ao

MeHee

apaMaruvxo.

f,eno

e rorra,

qro

arr4 npo6nerraxure

curyaq,uv

3aKno'{eHbl

B

pa3Hbte

KynbrypHo+tcTopuqecKue

KoH-

TeKcrbr.

Curya4ra

60-70-x roaoB

orpaxa-

na

rraBHbtM

o6pa3oM

enyrpunpo$eccuo-

Hatf bHbf

e

nepunerM!,

craHoBneHilF

rpa$hqe-

croro

4uaaiHa,

npoHcxoAr4BU.Jero

B

qenoM

B orpbrBe

or o6ulexynurypnurx

nenexrfi.

llepexo4xsre

npoqeccbt

a

rpa$uvecxou

4u-

saiHe 80-x

coBnaAarcT

no

cMbrcny

c o6u1e-

KynbrypHbtMH

cABrraMh

KpynHoro

Hcroph-

qecKoro

vacura6a

-

Ax

AuHaMVKa

BKno-

qeHa

e

6onee

$yn4avexranuxure,

rno6aru-

Hbte u3MeHeHHF,

'{TO

He

3arnyuJaeT,

pa3y-

MeeTcF,

u

co6cteexnrrx

exyrprnpo$eccro-

Ha'|

bHbtx

pt4TMoB

CTUr|eBOTO

pa3BltTt4

F.

Pegoxaxc

c o6uleKynbrypHbtMH

caBhra.

M!4

nphAaer

6onee

orxpurruri

xapaxrep

nepcneKrHBaM pa3BrrhFl

rpaSuvecxoro

4x-

saiHa,

3ro,

Kcrarr,

orpa)Kaer

t,t

TepMhH

,,anbrepHaruBHaa uo4ens". Ynorpe6nexue

TaKOTO

ManO

qTo

npoFcHHroulero

onpeae-

neHuF

o6ycnoBneHo

HeonpeAeneHHocrn

Mr,j

6onee esrco

Koro,

KynbrypHo-t4cropHqec

Ko-

co

ro

ypoBHF,

KoTopbte,

B

cBolo

oqepeAb,

vcyry6nFoTcF Boo6pa3HMocTblo,l4

TexHh-

qecKoi

ocyu{ecTBxMocrbro

KoHqa ucTopl4l4

s

pe3ynbraTe

FAepHofi,

3KonofhqecKoi,

TurHoh

v

roMy

noAo6Hbtx

Karacrpoo, l-leH-

.iocTHaF

hHToHaqha.

Bo3HhKa|oqaF B

SToM

{oflTeKcTe,

MoxeT

6btTb Ha3BaHa

3CXarono-

-r[3auHer

KynbTypbr. He

cnyvaino

Heonpe-

LeneHHocrb

-

Ka'{ecrBo

6onbuJl4HcrBa

reo-

UHHOB,

Ont4cbtBa|ou-tt|x

coBpeMeHHyp co-

-ranbHo-KynbTypHyo

cr4TyaqhKr, oT

j-rocTMo4epH143Ma"

AO,,nepeCTpOfi

Ku".

Taxoe

h

repMrH

,,HoBaF

BoflHa" B rpa-

cr,r'{ecKoM

Aragaixe.

Paspyuexue

KoMno3u-

irroHHbtX HOpM, KoTOpoe

AeMOHCTpr4pyeT

",ii*oean

gonra" g

cgoefi

cTt4n14cTl4Ke, B

i-oM KoHreKcre

Mo)Ker 6utru nxrepnpetu-

J@AaHO H KaK

OTpa)KeHue

3cxaTonorhqe-

:iKrix

HHToHaqr4il

rynurypur,

KaK

AecrpyK-

-fpHpoBaHne,

aHapx!tH,

KaTacTpOQa...

3cnounnu,

qro

nphMepHo

TaKuM xe nH-

-EarypHbrM

cruneu

E.14.3aMFryH coBero-

3efi

H3o6paxaTb

Mbrcnli nepcoHar(ei

B

Ha-

iEfl

xeHHbte,

KaTacTpost4r{ec

KHe MoMeHTbt :

q@€,,o6pbtBl<u

npe4noxenufi

,

pa36pocaH-

+tle

KaK

nocfle

KaKoro-ro

eapurea",

flpra

-f-EM,,nycrbte,

He3anofl

HeHHbte

npoMexyT-

tr r{exAy

BexaMil

ocraBnnxrr

cBo6oAy

AnF

.@iHqHoro

TBopqecTBa

caMoro

'{hTaTenF

u

r<ila'qslBaETcF

B

rOnOBe np.re,

peave"

[20,

-

E7] ,

3cxaro norusa\u+,

rarrau o6paaou,

s:oco6xa

crarb

h crnneo6paeyoulnu

Sax-

--DOM.

KaracrpoQuvnocru, pa3pbrB

npuBbtq-

.rb,x

cBa3eH

qpeBaTbt

He TonbKo

pa3pyueHu-

gra.

Ho h

oTKpbtTheM

HoBoro

cBeTa, KoTo-

trx

npoHhKaer

MexAy

ocKoflKaMu

cTapo-

- ErocnpqFTrH.

Koxeuno,

crhnr4crhKa

,,Ho-

re&

eonxur"

nonHocrbo

He

AerepMuHupy-

rrEF

3cxaronoru,{ecKoi

unronaquefi,

xo e

@.$eKyflbrypHoM

KoHTeKCTe

Henb3F

He 3a-

rftFarb

cronb

FBHbtx napannenei,

3ro xe

sr"{a€qHO:

CTr4nb u npn3BaH

ynaBnnBaTb

sr65laqrau

BpeMeHil.,!,urxaxue

KynbtypHo-

rE-opHqecKt4x

pybexei

nph4aer

crltnucrt4-

{E,,HoBoi

eolxrr"oco6yro

r4HTeHcilBHocrb.

flprcnyuaerracF K ronocaM

u3

Apyrr4x

ccpep

Kyflbrypbr.

,,Ha

xaurnx rnaaax

Qopvupyercn

HoBoe

noH4MaHlte

h

HoBaF ScTeThKa npocTpaHcT-

Ba,

-

KOHCTaTupyeT

uCCneAOBaTeJrb

COBp+

MeHHoro 6arera,

-

flpoqecc

npoucxo4t4T

ceroaHn, ceirac.

Peaynurar

xenceu,

xo o6-

u.lee

HanpaBfleH4e

noucKoB ynoBuTb

Mox-

HO...

aKTlrBHOe...

Bbtpax<eHt4e

(peHoMeHa

Bper.aenra"

It+,

c. ss].

,,Cefi,{ac

e

grHuqecxoi

cHcreMe t4aer

Ha6op

pa3Hoo6paaun,--

nuuJer It.H. t-y-

MUfleB,

-

t{TO

B r4HTenneXryanUXOi

XUaXU

6yaer

orpaxerb

nnnpanusuroM,

Mo3ayq-

Hocrbo

orHollJexuh, lAAet

nepecrpofira,

hMeHHo

peKoM6uHaqha.,,

OnacHoctu e no-

repe

eahHcrBa xynurypur?..

Aa,

Eor

rvroi,

KaKaF 9rO

OnaCXOCtU!

3rO

peXOU6utaqurr

tpaauquh

Bcnenyp.

1,1 xro

voxet 6urru

npopoxovr!

"

[16.

c. 33]

.

9rcno

cronu Rexsrx o6ulerynbrypHbtx

napanneneil

anbTepHaTuBHbtM

CTMneBbtM

npoqeccaM e rpa$uvecrcona

,qr43afiHe

Moxer

6urru nerxo

yMHoxeHo.

O6utexynsrypxsre

npoqeccbr, npoltcxoaF|.Il]4e

ceroaHn,

3HaMe-

Hyror

co6ofi KaqecrBeHHo

xoeyro

$asy

pas-

Br.rrun Kynbrypbr, Koropan

6y4er

nocuru

nphHqr,in!4anbHo orKpbtrbtfr,

HenpeAcKa3y-

evuri

xapaxrep,

Ho

xer

Hhqero

uHrepec-

nefi r

4ocroilxei,

ueu

.,Beceno

lz,Aru

B

reuxory",

yrBepxAaer

C.C,

Aeepuxqee

[2,

c.'Sat

]

.

Pracr

-

ycnoBr4e

ceo6oasr.

Apyrofi

nyrb

14HrerpupoBaH14a

npeA-

craBneH!,fi o crilneBoM

gagBrTtAA

oreqecr-

BeHHoFo rpaQuqecKoro

4naaina,

KaK

qacrh

npoeKTHoH KynbTypbt,

cBF3aH

c

qeHrpanb-

HbtM

ee noHFTueM

-

,.TBopqecKaF

KoHqen-

uun"

[1

t]

.

flo

nar.uerury MHeHr4rc,

uerrocr-

Hocrb raKoro

pa3BHTr4B

Mo)Ker

6btrb

pac-

cMorpeHa cKBo3b

npu3My

aBTopcKhx

KoH-

qenqu&

rraacrepoe rpa$r,rrecxoro

4usafi

xa,

14 x rBopqec Knx 6uorpaSuit,

Bonnoulaputr4x

caMoqenocrHocrb

acreruqecKoro

cy6uerra.

Bxe aetopcrea npoeKTHaF Kynbrypa

HeBo3-

MOXHa.

CoepeMexlturfi nepuoa

coBercKoro

rpa-

FilqecKoro

qusaiaxa

oxBarbtBaeT

Tp14

AecF-

Thner!4F, fleprao4

aror, KaK Mbt BhAenH,

BMecrllfl

e

ce6R erhneBoe BonnoueHue

Tpex r[nonor]4qecKu

paSnhqHbrx

Moaenei

npo$eccill4,

B

ro xe

BpeMF

rph

Aecnrune-

Tr4F

-

cpoK He6otrbtuoi, nerKo

h3Mepne-

tvtstfi

uacura6aMu

rBopqecKofi xlr3Hr. Ha

AeFTenbHocTb

MHorHx

MacTepoB,

ycneuJHo

pa6orapulhx

r no

cei

AeHb

B rpa$u'{ecKoM

Au3aiHe,

npuxoAFrcn

Bce

rpr

crhneBblx

arana. 14

Hx

rBop'i.€crBo,

npoxoanulee

qe-

pe3

pa3nuqHbre

Saasr

pa3Burun

rpa$rarec-

roro

4usafina,

npe4crasnEer

co6ofi npo-

eKiHo-KyrrbTypHyto

ocb cr4neBblx npouec-

coe. 3ro ro,

'{To

cnnaBnner BoeaHHo KoH-

qenqr!,|

9r

Mo4enh,

To,

qTo

3aBeAoMo

uJlrpe

ra

rny6xe nrc6lrx

cxgv,,rro

Aenaer

npoeKr-

Hyrc Kynbrypy

xr,rBot,

Teoprecxne

6norpafnr

Ax3afiHepoBrpaonKoB

OahH

qe

caMbrx

3acnyxeHHbrx

H

H3eecrHbrx

xyAo)KHt4KoB

npuxnaAxofi rpa$nKr4

-

AH:

gpefi

flnotuc*enq

I(P]OKOB.

3acnyxex-.

xutil,

roHe.{Ho, He no ofhqhanbHoMy

no'

qeTHoMy

3BaHU|o, KOTOpOTO

AO

Clrx nop

y

HAC He

yAOCTahBaICS

Hl,rKTO r43

MaCTepOB,

pa6orap[uux

e erofi cSepe.

Kpoxoa

uuo-

rhe roAbr

HaxoAHrcF

y

pynn

coeercxoi

npuxna4nofi

rpa6uKr4:

c

1959 no 1985

ro-

abr

6brn

xyAoxecrBeHHbt

M

pyKoBoAr,l

reneM

rpynHefiuei

B crpaHe cnequanu3upoBaH-

noi opranuaaqru

-

Macrepcroi

nprKnaA-

uoi rpaguxn XVs$bxaa

PCOCP,

c

1966-io

no 1987+Z

-

npeAceAarereM KoMr4cc[h

no

npuxnaanofi

rpaQhKe

cexperapuara

Corcsa

xyAoxHt4KoB PCOCP,

c

1987-ro

H no Ha-

croFulee

BpeMF

aBnaercn npeaceaareneM

XyAOXeCTBeHHOTO

COBera

MaCTepCKOtl.

A

Ha'{aracb rBopqecKaa

6r,rcrpaSraa

Kprcrcoea

eule

e

1946

roAy, r.

e.

aaneKo

sa

npeAenaMh

Tex

9ranoB

rpa(pu'{ecKofo

a,t-

3aiHa, Koropbte

Mbt r4ccneAyev. Ta<

,rro

gror

rBopqecKltil

noprper

orpaxaer

H npe-

57

A.

Kpnxoe, Koaeepr

?paMnnacruHKu,

1978

58

AbtcTopxK)

coBpeMeHHOrO

COBeTCKOTO

rpa-

OxqecKoro

AusahHa.

Anapefi

fluoxrcreeur

poAl,lncn

B

1923

roav,

e

o6craxoexerre

ryx4of, uc-

Kyccrey,

Oreq

ero oKoH'{}tn

Crporaxoe-

cKoe

y'lunhule,

3areM

yqunruexltBonh-

c,t, EaAHUe

U

3OA'{ecTBa,

_

BCe

3TO eqe

ao

peBontoqr4,t,

Ho

reu

He MeHee

oH

cran He

xyAoxHtitKoM,

a..,

6yxranrepou,

OAsaro

B

aoMe

Kprcxoaurx

sa

Taraxre

Bceraa

cox-

paHHnacb

aruoc$epa

Bbr@Koro

rcxycciea,

3Aecb

qacro

6brBalt,t

xyAor(HytKtit,

aKTepbt,

B

u.lxonrtrure

ronsr

A,A.

Kproxoe yBneKan-

cfi

KHr4xHofi

rpaQnrofi,

pa6orauu

.,ruup-

rcxycHuxoe",

9exoxrta.

Oaeopcxoro,

l1ocne

ulxonut

nocrynhn

s Mocxoecxui

4xureKTypHbti.

nnctutyt,

Ho

orox,{t4tu

ero

He

npxuJnocb

-

Haqanacu eofiua,

n

ox

Ap6poeonuqeM

yujer

Ha

$potr,

Bcro aoi-

Hy npocnyxxn

a rEapAeicxux

rrlrgouer-

Hbrx

'{acrnx.

a nocne

AeMo6}rnu3allrt4

pltcK-

uyn

npuilru

xa

Kyaaeqxraft

uocr

e Moc-

KoBcKoe

roBapuqecrao

xygoxxuxoe,,Bce_

xoxyaoxuux".

HeoxuAasxo

ero npr4Hnnu

xa

pa6ory

-

TaK cocrof,ncn

ero

npnxoa

B

npHKnaAHyto

rpa$rrcy,

Yxe

e

1946

roay

eMy

AoBenocb

co3aa-

aarb

Becb

rpa$r,trecxufi

KoMnneKc

arF

nep-

Esrx

fiouoxocoEcxux

qtexufi,

h norou

MHoroe

nptiulnocb

Aenarb

nepBbtM,

Ox

_

aarop

nepBoro

KoMnneKca

ngqarHoi

peK_

naMbr

ann

BHoab

orKpbtBaeMoro

fyMa,

rpa$uvecroro

KoMnneKca

AnF

nepsoro

Koxrypca

uuenu

11.V.

gairoEcroro

(pas-

pa6oraxxrril

Kpoxoeurur

AltnnoM

6srn epy-

{qer{

ror4a

Baxy

Knra6epxy}

,

nepaoro

Mor<-

gyHapoaHoro

KhHosecn4BarR

e Mocxee,

:repBoro

Konrypca

ruenu

M.14.

fnuuru

n

-.

g.

flepeulur

h3

xyaoxHxKoa

npurna4xofi

r-DaOHKH

Kprcxoe

6urn

nprnar

e

ig5g

ro-

ay

E Coro3

xygoxauxoe

CCCp.

Tenepu

npe4ocraBnM

cnoBo

caMoMy

urcrepy,

-

Cgouw

yqHreneM

F cr{hrato

A.H.

fec-

-Ha,

B

re ro4bt

oH

pa6orar

e MTX

pyxo-

BoarreneM

reopuecroi

6pura4rr,

B Koro-

pyxr

oH

MeHF H

eann.

flpoucxoAl,tn

oH r,t3

ceMbu

noToMcrBeHHbrx

uerpaxnaxefi

r ne-

qaTHoe

aero

3Han

BerrKonenxo,

ot

o6-

naaan

npeKpacHbtM

BKy@M,

6un

6nusor<

,Qp6yxutcrorvry,

Yexoxraxy,

KoropbtMh

n

BocxhulancF

c

paHHux

ner.

flnrr

ner

pa6o-

rst

c l-eccenou

f,Bulthcb

MollMu

yHxBepcll-

TeTaMH

B

neqarxofi

peKnaMe,

Xopor-uefi

luKonoi

6una

u

HeMeqKaF peKnaMa,

Ko-

ropylo

Mbr

,,npoxo4unn,'

no

xypHany

,,Fe6payxcrpaSr,lx",

co6rpaarueuy

nyv-

true

MupoBbte

o6pa3qbt

pexnarrandi

rpa$r,r_

xu. Mtorouy

R

y'{rncf,

qepe3

penpoAyK_

4ur

pa6or

Xenueafixa.

penepa,

Me4srra,

Kaccalapa..,

Kpoue

roro,

cbtrpaflu

cBolo

ponb

a,t

nocneBoeHHbte

BhtcTaBKH

XtrxnOi

rpaQuKu,

Ha Koropbtx

urr

6yreansxo

o6-

HloxuBanh

opltruHanbt

o6noxeK

tit

ruTynb-

Hbtx flltcroB

Haulhx

cTapbtx

MacrepoB,

yqx-

nucu

upuSry.

Eu{e,

xoxe,{Ho,

cMorpenh,

KaK

pa6oranr

xy4oxHtilKet

Toproeofi

nana-

Tbr, xoTf,

SKCnOpTHAH peKnaMa

1.l

CTOFna

y

Hac BcerAa

HecKorbKo

oco6HnKoM.

Xopo-

ulo noMHlo

Bne'tarneHun

or

pa6or

Caxapo_

Ba,

oT

AoBoeHHbtx

nnaKaroe

Hryutoaa.

Bpeun

ror4a

3HaqeH!,tR

He !,tMeno

-

no-

cneBoeHHbli

crt,tnb

ocTaBancF

MoHyMeH_

TanbHbtM,

xessr6neutru,

o

Moae

B npu-

KttaAHofi

rpa$hKe

ToFAa

He uorno

6rrru u

peqn...

B

xoxue

40-x roaoe

Haqanucb

crpyK-

TypHbte

npeo6pasoaaura:

Bo3Hl4KnO

TOBa_

p.,ru{ecrBo

,.Coeercxui

rpa$nr<,,,

a

3areM

Ha

ero ocHoBe

-

Korvl6uxar

rpaoHqecKo-

ro ucKyccTBa.

B

1953

roAy

6btra

co34a-

Ha MacrepcraR

npltKna4Hot

rpaOlrKu.

Cxaqana

MacrepcKan

xaasreanacs

{exou

npoMbtujneHHoi

rpasr,rr<u,

Ho.

no-uoeuy,

rro

HeBepHo.

,,flporrarpaerar<a,,-

3ro Bynb-

rapilgM.

Oatto

gpeun

Mbt

Ha3brBaJlucb

He-

neno:

Macrepcxaa

peKnaMHo-nphKnaa-

nofi u

npouurluneHHot

rpa$lxra.

pexnarr-

tan rpa$nra

-

oro

xe

qacrb

npuKnaAHoi

rpa$uKu.

F

nuqxo

npu3HaKr

ronbKo

o,qHo

Ha3BAH're

4nn

xaulei

npo$eccru;

,,nprK-

naaHsF

rpasltra".

3Aecr

Bce

npeaenbHo-

f,cHo, KaK

ecrr

$yr4aueHTanbHaf,

tA

npv(-

naAHaR

HayKa.

raK

r

B

ytcKyccrBe

ecTb

craHKoBaR

rpa$hKat,l

ecrb

BcF ocranbHan,

KOTOpaF

co3AaeTcF

He

AnF

BbtCTaBO'{Hbtx

38tfoB.

tl

nnaKaT,

u

K{ufa, H

HarnFAHaa

arlfTaq,ltF,

t4

ynaKoBKa,

u Bulp,/{a,

n

M.a-

ra3uHHaH

peKnaMa,

&r

upueTbt,

A

g{aKu,

u

(pl,,tpMeHHbte

crr/rnu

-

Bce

oro

npliKnaAHaF

rpaoxKa.

flo

xaggaHrlo

Hac

KaK 6yAro

npngtanra:

r Macrepcroi

npuxnaAxoi

rpa$uxn

cranu

Ha3brBarb.

u a

MOCXe

nonBxnacb

noaceK-

uuF

npilKnaAHoi

rpa$uxra,..

Ho

daxna-

rtecKh

ao

gToro

aaneKo,

Mur

xa

caruott

ae_

fle

3aHrMaeMcF

TonbKo

te6onuu:oil

qacrrto.

xauefi

npo$eccronanuxofi

ceepur.

rrfieno

xe

TonbKo

B

Ha3BaHr,tFx.

Bor

npu-

uep

re

6onee

noa4uefi

y'croput't.

B 1g7Z

ro-

ay

F

e3aun

e Sepnux

Ha

3aceaaHa4e

KoMl,,r-

rera 14KOI-PA,{A

-

aceuupuofi

opranusa-

qun

no rpaQrlrecxouy

4raeailny

-

B

Kaqe-

ctee

xa6nn4arenn

or

Coeercroro

Corcaa.

noroM,

B 1973-u,

-

e Bapu.raay.

l4rrepec

x

xauefi

rpa$uxe

6urn

6onsu.rofi,

Bce

rax

6yaro

u:no K

ToMy,

qro

HaM

fiaao acrynaru

*

e

l,1KOI-PA,QA.

Ho

xa oroM

aeno

fi

KoHqH-

nocu,

florou

uxe o6racnrnr,

noverray,

B

Ycraee

14KOI-PAAA

noA rpaSurrec<uu

4r-

eailHot\,t

noHuMaeTcF

BcF

HeCTaHKOBan

rpa-

Suxa,

Ho

ecnu

Mbt

3To nph3HaeM,

To nna.

KaT r4nr4

KHH)KHaF

hnlpcTpauuF

oKaxyrcF

Bcero-HaBcero

qacrbrt

npuKra.qxoil

rpadra_

KH, T,

e.

oKaxyrcF

rax 6rr

B

noAqhHeHHoM

noroxeHuu.

flpeAcraarru

TaKoe

Anf,

HeRo-

Topbrx

HauHx

roaaptqefi

npocTo

HeBo3-

MoxHo.

Tyr

xe

npocro

nopRAoK

cnoB,

3TO

npexae

Bcero

nopF4oK

flK)aei,

nepe-

crpot4rb

xoropurft

TpyAHee.

B

perynurare

uur

Saxrlrvecrh

oKa3arucb

oropBaHHbtMl4

OT

MtlpOBOrO

npoqecCa

pa3BtirTuB

ItpuKnaA.

Hofi

rpa$uKlr,

or

Meponpilnrrai,

ux@p-

Maqhh...

O4xo eperran,

Bo

BTopofi

nonoBqHe

50-x-xa,{ane

60-x roaoe}

npecrux

npo-

$eccur.r

xy4oxHl,,tKa

nprKnaAxoi

rpa$uru

Haqan

3aMerHo

noBbu.larbcn

6aaroAapa

qe-

59

Серов С.И. Стиль в графическом дизайне. 60-80-е годы

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.