Schofield Victoria. Kashmir in Conflict: India, Pakistan and the Unending War
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men from the Northern Light Infantry, who had fought in Kargil, were initially
‘disowned’ by the Pakistani government. Later they were honoured as ‘martyrs’.
. Usman Khalid, leader of Al Ansaar, based in the UK, as quoted in The Pakistan
Post, May .
. Yasin Malik, interview, London, June .
. President Musharraf, interview, Rawalpindi, April ; additional private
information.
. Jaswant Singh and Abdul Sattar, Agra, NNS, as quoted in The Nation, London,
/ July .
. Prime Minister Vajpayee, interview with Newsweek, June .
. Washington Online. July .
. ANI, Rawalpindi, July .
. Interview, Amanullah Khan, Rawalpindi, June . This clause in the
nomination papers was inserted by Sardar Qayum Khan in the s as an ‘interim’
measure pending a plebiscite under the auspices of the UN.
. Secretary of State Colin L. Powell, December , US State Department.
. President Musharraf, speech to the nation, January . He expressed
similar sentiments in his speech to the nation on May .
. The Indian government also started discussing with the United States the
positioning of sensors to monitor the line of control.
. Sheikh Omar Saeed later withdrew his confession. He was sentenced to death in
July .
. Private information, Srinagar, April . E-mail and STD facilities were
reconnected in May .
. Gov. Saxena, interview, Jammu, April .
. Private information, London & Srinagar, .
. Uravashi Butatia, ‘Speaking Peace. Womens’ Voices from Kashmir’ Sunday Times
of India, April .
. Interview, Srinagar, .
. Pervez Kaul, Principal, Tyndale-Biscoe school, Srinagar, April .
. The quality of the wool depends on the altitudes at which the goats grazed. See
Justine Hardy’s Goat: From Kashmir to Notting Hill (John Murray, ) for a discussion
of the origins of pashmina.
. Justine Hardy, interview, London, June .
. Gulzar, of K.Salama & Sons, interview, Srinagar, April .
. Malik’s passport was ‘country specific’ permitting him to travel only to the US
and the UK. In early five members of the APHC executive council wanted to
visit Pakistan to have talks with Gen Musharraf but the Indian government refused
passports to Syed Ali Shah Gilani and Sheikh Abdul Rashid.
. As of September Yasin Malik remains in jail. Election of a new APHC
Chairman was postponed.
. In Britain the requirement is to take an oath after being elected before taking
one’s seat. In order to encourage participation of disaffected individuals in elections,
both India and Pakistan might consider adopting this system. Interview, Lord
Avebury, July
. Sardar Abdul Qayum Khan, interview, London, June ; Sardar Qayum is
now Chairman of the President’s National Kashmir Committee with status of a
Cabinet Minister.
. Allegations were also made against Hindu extremists and supporters of Farooq
Abdullah who would have opposed Lone’s challenge to Abdullah’s virtual monopoly
of power. Lone had been badly beaten up at a press conference by a Hindu extremist
on April. He had also received death threats from militants.
. Gujerat Carnage , A Report to the Nation by an Independent Fact Finding
Mission, April . Unofficial figures: more than ,
. Approximately , troops were deployed to assist the US against Al Qaeda
and Taliban fighters. The regime had fallen in Dec but the location of Mullah
Omar and bin Laden was still unknown.
. Pakistan was estimated to have - nuclear warheads, India -, each
deliverable by fighter planes, the remainder to be fitted to Shaheen, Ghauri, Hatf
missiles (Pakistan) or Agni, Prithvi missiles (India). Source: Jane’s Strategic Weapon
Systems.
. Prime Minister Vajpayee to Prime Minister Blair, as reported in The Nation,
London, June
. Deepak Sharma, The Pioneer, May
. Jack Straw, text of parliamentary debate in the House of Commons, June .
Straw’s allegation was denied by Pakistan’s interior minister, Moin Hyder. The USA,
Japan and Russia have also accepted the link between the ISI and Kashmiri militant
groups.
. Dr Ayub Thukar, World Kashmir Freedom Movement, interview, London, July
.
. On June, Vajpayee had lifted the ban imposed on Pakistani flights flying over
its territory. Flights to and from Lahore/Delhi remained suspended. (Colin Powell also
visited the region in Jan and July ).
. See Kashmir Study Group: The Kashmir Dispute at , USA, & Kashmir: The
Way Ahead,
. Governor Saxena, interview, Jammu, April . India and Pakistan are still
arguing about the validity of the Instrument of Accession. See Prem Shankar Jha’s
rebuttal of Professor Alastair Lamb’s assertion that the state did not accede to India
before Indian troops arrived on October , which Lamb in return rebutted, due
to the unreliability of the testimony produced by the Indian writer.
. George Fernandes, October , ‘India’s Policies in Kashmir: an
Assessment and Discourse’, in Perspectives on Kashmir, ed. Raju G.C.Thomas, Colorado,
USA, , p..
. Interview, Srinagar, April . Syed Salahuddin, the hardline leader of the
Hizb-ul Mujaheddin and the United Jihad Council, was a former contestant of the
elections.
. See Sumit Ganguly, The Crisis in Kashmir, CUP & Woodrow Wilson Centre,
, p. , for an application of Samuel Huntingdon’s argument that in a situation
where there is institutional decay and political mobilisation, instability often arises. See
also: John Ray, ‘Kashmir to : A footnote to history’, Asian Affairs, June .
. In mid-July, armed men attacked Qasimnagar, a shanty town near Jammu, killing
over Hindus, mostly women, and wounding at least more.
. In July the Indian government announced that it would begin ‘autonomy’
talks with the state government. It later stated that talks would relate to a ‘devolution
of powers’ but not full autonomy. In Jammu discussions were related to creating a
regional council. Opponents warned of the dangers of ‘trifurcation’.
. A MORI poll held in major cities of Srinagar, Jammu and Leh in the Indian
administered state of Jammu and Kashmir in late April revealed that %
believed they were better off politically and economically as part of India; % as part
of Pakistan; % did not know. % wanted a relaxation in restrictions crossing the
line of control. The option of independence was not given although % said they
would like greater political freedom in both Pakistani and Indian-administered parts of
the state. The survey was commissioned by Lord Avebury who believed that within
the limitations they were able to operate, without being able to include any rural
representation, its findings were fair. It would require a fully participational
referendum, without constraints, to indicate the true wishes of the people.
. President Pervez Musharraf, interview, Rawalpindi, April
. Prime Minister Vajpayee, Newsweek, June
Unpublished sources
THE BRITISH LIBRARY, ORIENTAL AND INDIA OFFICE COLLECTION
‘Adoption by the Maharaja of the Second Son of the Raja of Poonch, –’.
Chelmsford Collection, ‘Report on Indian Constitutional Reforms’, April .
Christie, John, ‘W.H.J. Christie Collection’, .
‘Copies of Selected Documents Relating to Sir Muhammad Iqbal’.
Crown Representatives’ Records, .
Cunningham, Sir George, ‘Diary, ’.
‘Death of His Highness the Maharaja of Kashmir’, .
‘Documents Relating to Raj Kumar Jagat Dev Singh’, For & Pol Dept, .
‘Documents Relating to a Suitable Occupation for Raja Hari Singh’, For & Pol Dept,
.
‘Enclosures to Secret Letters in India’, Vol. .
‘Fortnightly Reports of the Resident in Kashmir , –, ’.
General Reports by Colonel Ramsey, C. I. E., Resident in Kashmir, .
‘Kashmir Internal Situation’, ‒.
‘Kashmir Reforms Scheme’, For & Pol Dept, .
Lawrence, Henry, ‘Henry Lawrence Collection, Jan –Feb ’.
Lorimer, David Lockhart, ‘Lorimer Papers’.
Luard, Dr Hugh Bixby, Personal Memoirs, –.
‘Memorandum on the Future of the Gilgit Agency, ’.
‘Muslims of Kashmir’, For & Pol Dept, .
Poonch State Affairs, .
Searle, Major, ‘Diary’, .
‘Sedition in Kashmir’, Foreign Dept, .
‘Status of Hunza and Nagar and Political Districts’, For & Pol Dept, .
Young, Colonel Ralph, ‘Journal of a Trip to Cashmere, ’.
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Alder, Garry, ‘British Policy on the Roof of the World, –’, PhD thesis, Sept
, University of Bristol.
Evans, Alexander, draft research thesis, SOAS.
Lodhi, Maleeha, ‘Bhutto, The Pakistan Peoples Party and Political Development in
Pakistan, –’, PhD thesis, London School of Economics, .
Shankar, V., ‘Memoirs’ (by kind permission of Miss Rashmi Shankar).
United Nations Commission for Human Rights, Geneva, February , E/CN./
, (UN Library, London).
Interviews and briefings
Abbasi, Fayyaz Ali, Assistant Commissioner: Mirpur, March .
Abdullah, Dr Farooq, former Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir: Srinagar & New
Delhi, , , , .
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