Сарнаков И.В. Потребительское кредитование в России

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

 15 . .  10 .

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<1> . .: , 1967. . 304, 307.

      

     .   

 21  1954 . "

     " <1>,   

, 

.

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<1>       

. . 4. . 279.

        

    1950- -  1960- .  



  .       

      

,  1958 . 

.  12 

1959 . N 915 "

" <1>       

.

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<1> . 1959. N 17. . 130.

      

     

.        

 ,    . 

      20 - 25%  

, , ,  6

,    12 .     

       1 - 2%   

 <1>.

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<1> ., ., . . . . 56.

  "    

   " <1>   

:  6  1% 

,  6  9  - 1,5%,  9 

12  - 2%.

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<1>   4 

1959 . N 1475 // . 1959. N 13. . 112.

      

       

         

.

, 

 ,    1959 .  

       

, .

 1961 .      

    ( -  1961 .) <1>,   1964 . -

 ( -  1964 .) <2>.

--------------------------------

<1> . 1961. N 50. . 525.

<2> . 1964. N 24. . 406.

 1961 .   ,   

 :    (. 85)  

   (. 86), , ,  

.  . 85  1961 . (. 393  1964 .) 

 ,     

     

        

    ,   

.

   . 86  1961 . (. 394  1964 .) 

        , 

, 

,    :  

 (

).

 1965 .  "

     ,    

  " <1>,   

, .

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<1> . 1965. N 4. . 19.



    ,    

 1950-.:

1)  () <1>;

--------------------------------

<1>  20  1958 . N 320 "

    " // 

. 1958. N 5. . 47; 

 1  1962 . N 561 "    

" //  . 1962. N 12. . 93;  

   19  1982 . N 765 " 

" // . 1982. N 23. . 120.

 : PRESSI ( HERSON )

2)   ,     

 <1>;

--------------------------------

<1>  8  1981

. N 27 "     

  " //

 . 1981. N 6. . 37;      

  22  1981 . N 235 "    

, " // . 1981. N 13. . 75.

3) ,  <1>;

--------------------------------

<1>  25  1987

. N 854 "      

, " // . 1987. N 41. . 134.

4)  <1>;

--------------------------------

<1>  23  1987 . N 351 "

  ,  

" // . 1988. N 28. . 97.

5)  <1>.

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<1>  20  1948 . N 3905

, 

 ,   " ( ., 

 26  1977 . N 782) // . 1977. N 25.

. 158;        11 

1988 . N 197 "      

" // . 1988. N 11. . 28.

   ,    

   ,  

. 

  ,     

. , ,  , ,

 ,  

. ,     

,

 ,  .  

     2 - 3%,   

, .

     

  .   

. 

, , . 

 (, ),  1 .

.   ,    ,

           

   25%    . ,  

      ,    

     .   (

    )     

.

   ,   ,    

 . ,    

         

  ,   ,  

       

 <1>.

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<1> ., . . : 

2 . ., 2006. . 1:   ,    .

, . . 335 - 336

 . IV "    " - .

).

      

 1980- -  1990-. 

,



 .      

, ,  <1>.

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<1> ,  1985 .       

   9308,9 . .,    1988 . - 

1104,7 . .

     , 

. 

      

.

 1987 .       

  :  ,

 ,  ,  , 

.  1988 .    "   " <1>,  

. 1990 

:  "

" <2>  "

 )" <3>,       

.

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<1> . 1988. N 22. . 355 (

).

<2>        

. 1990. N 52. . 1155 ().

 : PRESSI ( HERSON )

<3>     . 1990. N 27. . 356

).

 ,     

,  4 :

1)  1917  1921  -  , 

   ,  ,  

        .

      1920- , 

;

2)  1921  1959  - 

      ; 

   1922 .;   1930 - 1931 .

       

;

3)  1959   1980- . -    

. 

 N 915  N 1475, 

, 

      .

  1961 .   1964 .     

;

4)  1980- 1991  - 

        , 

,   ,    

 .  

       

.

IV  (1991 . -  ).  1990- 

. 

. 

      ,    ,

,  - 

      . 

 1994  50% , 

 -  1%,  

.

 ,   1995 - 1998 .  

, .

    ( )  

    , 

, 

 <1>.

--------------------------------

<1>      

  10  1997 . N 229- //   "

". 1997. N 50, 51.

 1998 ,

        

.          

.

 1998 

,  2001 - 2002 . .

      " "  

     ,    

.



.  2003 - 2005 . , 

 ,    80 - 95%.  2006 - 2007 . 

  50 - 65%.  1  2008   ,

  ,  3,15 . . 

,  35%      

   .   

 2008  45

. .

       

  .  ,   

  ,    1980- ,   

         

       .

    

      ,

       

.

 2. 





2.1. 

"...

,





, , ,

" <1>

--------------------------------

<1>  .      . .,

1901. . 38.

     

    ,    

  ,       

  "  ".  

 : PRESSI ( HERSON )

     ,   , 

       

, .

      

 ,  ,    

  ,     

 "", 

    ,    

    ,  

.       

  ,  " ",

.



        

 "" 

.

     ,  

   : ,  

      

    () 

 ; ,  "" 

    ,   

        ,

      -

 ; ,   "" , 

          

  ,   

   (, "", "

", "" .) <1>.

--------------------------------

<1> ., ., . :

     : 

 / . . . ., 2000. . 40 - 41.

,      ""   

      ,

 ,       

.

        

       

.

 -  .    ""

(mutuum),        

.    ,    

,   , 

     .  

, 

.

 creditum        

 ,  ,     

 (pecunia credita)     .  

(mutuum)      (depositum),  (commodatum) 

 (location conduction) <1>.

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: .

 "  " ( . . , .

)       -

, 2004.

<1>   :  /  . . , .

. ., 1996. . 389.

. ,  "" 

 (credit)    XVIII .   "" <1>.

 "credito" - , . 

,         ("creditum" -

, "credere" -   ).     

    -   

   -   : "",

", "", "" (""), ""  "".

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<1>  .    . .: ,

1987. . 2. . 369.

 XIX . .  "":

.) , , , , 

 <1>.

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<1> . :  4 . . 2.

4-., . .:  - , 2007. . 189.

 "" 

  "" <1>. , , .    

;  (, )  <2>.

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<1>  .   

   . ., 1988. . 23;  . 

 / . . . . ., 1959. . 40; 

. . ., 1956. . 213; .

:  / . . . .,

1939. . 170.

<2> ., . : 80000

    /   ; 

. . . 4-., . .:  "". 2007.

. 304; . : . . 24.  I. 1976. . 385.

 "" 

       

 : PRESSI ( HERSON )

,  "", ""  "", 

  . , . 393   

1964 . ,    ,

       



         ,

   .  394    -

  ".   

       

   1930 - 1931 .,    

.

      . ,

.     "  ,

     

   ,     

        

" <1>.

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<1>  .   . ., 1960. . 554;

. . ., 1966. . 198; 

.      

: . . ... . . . ., 1967. . 3.

, 

 ( - )  1996 . <1>  ""  "" 

 ""

- "".

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<1> .  26 

1996 . N 14- // . 1996. N 5. . 410; 2007. N 50. . 6247.

       

 "".

      

,  . , . , .

, , 

 () : 

    ;  -  ;  - 

;       

;  -  ;  -  ;  - 

 <1>.

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<1> ., ., . . . 42 - 45.

: " - 

    ,   ,

 (   )    

       , 

 (,    ),  

" <1>.

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<1> . . 55.

        

. , .  : "  

, , , 

  ,       "" 

 ,     , 

, 

, 

   ...    (.

 - .) , 

 "" 

  2 . 42     

,       "

<1>.

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<1>  .   

 //  . 2006. N 3. . 2; . :  .,

 . . . . 297 - 299;  . , ,

        

 // . 2003. N 5. . 13.

       

, . 

 ", 

  ,  ,  (   

 )" <1>.  ,    

 ,  : ,    ;

, ,        

     ; ,  " "

  ,      

 ; ,     , 

 - , .

--------------------------------

<1> ., ., . 

 /  . . . . ., 1997. . 130; 

 / . . . . 2-. ., 1998. . 155;

 / . . . ., 1999. .

477.

     : " -  

,        

   ,    " <1>.

, , 

       

 : PRESSI ( HERSON )