Rohling H. (Ed.) OFDM: Concepts for Future Communication Systems
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Signals and Communication Technology
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Hermann Rohling
Editor
OFDM
Concepts for Future Communication
Systems
123
Editor
Hermann Rohling
Institut für Nachrichtentechnik
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
Eißendorfer Str. 40
21073 Hamburg
Germany
e-mail: rohling@tu-harburg.de
ISSN 1860-4862
ISBN 978-3-642-17495-7 e-ISBN 978-3-642-17496-4
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-17496-4
Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York
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v
The contents o f this bo o k is based on the work of t he Priority Pro-
gram TakeOFDM (SPP1163), funded by the German Research Foun-
dation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG).
vii
Preface
Dear readers, dear friends,
The Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) digital transmission
technique has several advantages in broadcast and mobile communications appli-
cations. Therefore, the German Research Foundation (DFG) funded a so-called
priority program “Techniques, Algorithms, and Concepts for Future OFDM Sys-
tems” (TakeOFDM), which started in 2004. The main objective of this research
program is to study the specific research topics in a collaborative work between
experts and young scientists from different universities.
In broadcast applications like Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB), Digital Video
broadcast (DVB-T), Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM), and single-cell WLAN sys-
tems,
eral years. However, in wireless and wireline communications there is still need for
further research and optimization. The OFDM transmission technique has gained a
lot of attention in research, and it has proven to be a suitable choice in the design of
digital transmission concepts for mobile applications, such as the Long Term Evolu-
tion (LTE) standard, which is the system proposal for the fourth generation (4G) of
mobile communication systems. The OFDM transmission method, specific medium
access techniques, cellular networks with full coverage, and multiple antenna systems
have been playing an important and ever-growing role in the 4G development.
Since 2004, more than 15 different universities in over 40 specific research projects
have been contributing to the TakeOFDM program, covering a large variety of de-
tailed aspects of OFDM and all related system design aspects. This TakeOFDM
research project led to several PhD theses and is a basis for the young generation of
excellent scientific researchers and staff. The results have been exchanged in several
workshops, conferences, and direct cooperations. Besides topics regarding the phys-
ical layer, such as coding, modulation, and non-linearities, a special emphasis was
put on system aspects and concepts, in particular focusing on cellular networks and
multiple antenna techniques. The challenges of link adaptation, adaptive resource
allocation, and interference mitigation in such systems were addressed extensively.
Moreover, the domain of cross-layer design, i.e., the combination of physical layer
aspects and issues of higher layers, was considered in detail.
This book summarizes the main results and gives an overview of the combined re-
search efforts which have been undertaken in the past 6 years within the TakeOFDM
gratitude to the German Research Foundation (DFG) for their generous funding,
continuous support and fruitful collaboration throughout the lifetime of the Take-
OFDM project. Moreover, my sincere thanks go to all scientists for their excellent
work on a high scientific level and their valuable contributions over the last years.
the OFDM transmission technique is already mature and operational for sev-
I would like to express my
priority program.
he program,
As a coordinator of t
viii Preface
The aim of this book is to give a good insight into these efforts, and provide the
reader with a comprehensive overview of the scientific progress which was achieved
in the framework of TakeOFDM. I am convinced that also in the future, these results
will facilitate and stimulate further innovation and developments in the design of
modern communication systems, based on the powerful OFDM transmission tech-
nique.
Prof. Dr. Hermann Rohling Hamburg, June 2010
ix
Contents
1 Introduction ........................................ 1
1.1 Radio Channel Behavior........................... 2
1.2 Basics of the OFDM Tran smission Technique ........... 5
1.3 OFDM Combined with Multiple Access Schemes ........ 10
2 Channel Modeling .................................... 15
2.1 Joint Space-Time-Frequency Representation............ 16
2.1.1 Multidimensional Channel Sounding ............ 17
2.1.2 Extraction of Parameters for Dominant MPCs .... 17
2.2 Deterministic Modeling ........................... 18
2.2.1 Relevant GTD/U TD Aspects ................. 18
2.2.2 Vechicle2X Channel Modeling ................ 19
2.3 Stochastic Driving of Multi-Path Model ............... 20
2.3.1 Usage of the Large-Scale Parameters for Channel
Characterization........................... 21
2.3.2 Relaying ................................ 24
2.3.3 Cooperative Downlink ...................... 24
3 Link-Level Aspects.................................... 33
3.1 OFDM Data Detection and Channel Estimation ......... 33
3.1.1 Introduction.............................. 33
3.1.2 Data Detection in the Presence
of Nonlinear Distortions ..................... 33
3.1.3 Joint Data Detection and Channel Estimation .... 39
3.2 Spreading...................................... 47
3.2.1 Introduction.............................. 47
3.2.2 MC-CDM and MC-CAFS.................... 48
3.2.3 Simulation Results ......................... 49
3.2.4 Concluding Rema rks ....................... 51