Рави Додданнавар, Андрис Барнард. Practical Hydraulic Systems
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228 Index
Non-rotational flow, 27
Non-separator accumulators, 148-9
Non-uniform flow, 26
0-Rings, 68
Oil:
foamy, 65
hydraulics, 2
overheating, 65
viscosity, and pump capacity, 61
wrong selection, 65
Orifice plate-type flowmeter, 35-6
Pascal'slaw, 2, 3, 21-2
application of, 22-4
Petroleum-based fluids, 173
Pilot-operated check valve, 100-1
Pilot-operated control valves, 95-7
Pilot-operated relief
valves,
108
Pipes and hoses, 157-62
color identification code, 159
metal piping, 157-8
pipe fittings, 160
pipe
joints,
160-2
schedules and codes, 158-60
steel piping, 157
Piston cup packings:
non-metallic, 196-7
preventive maintenance, 195-7
Piston motors, 75-6
Piston pumps, 53-8
axial, 53-5
radial piston pump, 57-8
swash plate inline piston pump, 54-7
Positive displacement/hydrostatic pumps, 40
Potential energy, 9, 29
Power, 10-11
Power steering, 179
Power transmission, 3
Pre-commissioning, 205
Pressure, 16-17
absolute, 18
atmospheric, 18
effect on boiling point, 18-19
in fluids, 17
gage,
18
incorrect, 198, 203
measurement, 19-21
at point in liquid, 17
Pressure-compensated flow control valves, 116,
118-20
Pressure control valves, 94, 105-14
brake valve, 106, 114
counterbalance valve, 106, 113-14
reducing valve, 105, 108-10
sequencing valve, 106, 111-14
simple pressure relief valve, 106-7
unloading valve, 105, 110-11
Pressure-flow relationship, 32-3
Pressure head, 31
Pressure relief valves:
compound, 108
simple, 106-7
Pressure switches, 127-8
Preventive maintenance, 193-7
piston cup packings, 195-7
sealing devices, 194-5
V-ring packings, 195
Pump head, 31
Pump slippage, 45
Radial piston motors, 76
Radial piston pump, 57-8
Real fluids, 36
Reducing valve, 105, 108-10
Relief valve, 45, 105
Reservoir system, 132-5
air-pressurized, 135
non-pressurized, 133-5
pressurized, 135
Reynolds number, 26-7
Rotameter, 33^
Rotary actuators, 69, 83
Rotary four-way control valves,
103-4
Rotational flow, 27
Running clearance, and capacity, 61
Safety, 192-3
Seal rings, 68
Sealed piston-type sensing element, 128
Sealing, 4
Seals:
cleaning of, 67-8
installation, 68
Separator accumulators, 149-52
bladder-type, 152
diaphragm-type, 149-51
piston-type, 149, 150
Sequencing valve, 106, 111-13
Servo cylinders, 124
Servo motors, 124
Servo transducers, 124
Servo valves, 123-6
components, 124
electro-hydraulic type, 125-6
mechanical-type, 125
Index 229
Shock absorbers, 129-30
Shuttle valves, 104-5
Single acting hydrauUc cylinders, 84-5
Snubber restrictions, 20
Solenoid-operated control valves, 102-3
Specific gravity, 6
Specific weight, 8
Spool-type control valves, 101^
rotary four-way, 103-4
solenoid-operated, 102-3
three-way and four-way, 101-2
two-way, 101
Spring-loaded accumulators, 147-8
Spur gears, 45
Steady flow, 26
Steel piping, 157
Steel tubing, 162-4
Strainers, 145
see also Filters
Supply pumps, 124
Swagelok fitting, 163-4
Swash plate inline piston pump, 54-7
Tell-tale filters, 142-3
Temperature switch, 128-9
Throttling valve, 115, 118
Torque, 14
Troubleshooting, 197-207
commissioning, 205-6
excessive heat, 198, 201
excessive noise, 198, 200
fault finding process, 197
faulty operation, 199, 203
fluid contamination, 207
high fluid temperature, 206
incorrect commissioning/adjustment, 207
incorrect flow, 198, 202-3
incorrect fluid viscosity, 207
incorrect pressure, 198, 203
instruments for, 204
investigation of failure, 207
pre-commissioning, 205
prevention of premature failure, 206-7
see also Maintenance
Turbine-type flowmeter, 34-5
Turbulent flow, 27
frictional losses in, 32
Uniform flow, 26
Unloading valve, 105, 110-11
Unsteady flow, 26
Vacuum, 18
Vane motors, 73^
balance and unbalanced-type, 74-5
Vane pumps, 47-52
balanced, 49-50
classification, 49
pump operation, 48-9
vane loading, 50
variable displacement, 50-2
Variable displacement vane pumps, 50-1
pressure compensation in, 52
Velocity, 6
Velocity head, 31
Velocity of flow, 25
Viscosity, 12-13
Viscosity index, 13
Volume, 5
Volumetric displacement, external gear pump, 43
Volumetric efficiency, 45
hydraulic motors, 80
hydraulic pumps, 59
Volumetric flow, 25
Water-glycol solutions, 172
Water hydraulics, 2
Water-in-oil emulsions, 172
Weight, 7-8
Weight-loaded accumulators, 147
Welding, 179-80
Work, 8-9