Радченко В.Г. Биология пчел
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
350
Contents
11.5. Maintenance of the caste structure 207
Mechanisms of maintenance of caste structure (207). Egg-laying by workers (207). Elimination of
gyne eggs by workers (208).
11.6. Rearing of reproductive offspring 209
Beginning of rearing of reproductive forms (209). Rearing of males (210). Behavior of young females
and males (210).
11.7. Disintegration of the family and gyne hibernating 211
Family size (211). Seasonal rhythms of activity (212). Gyne hibernating (213).
11.8. Usurpation of nests 214
Replacement of gynes and usurpation of nests by gynes of another bumblebee species (214). Cuckoo
bumblebees (214).
Chapter 12. Origin of social life .. 217
12.1. Hypotheses for the mechanism of caste origin 217
Natural selection and the problem of worker caste (217). Family selection (218). Group selection
(218). Mutualism hypothesis (219). Kin selection (220). Polygynous family hypothesis (223).
Parental manipulation (225).
12.2. Haplodiploidy hypothesis 228
Hamilton's discovery (228). Kin selection among individuals with different life strategies (229). Main
predictions of the hypothesis (232). Conflict in rearing of males (234). Haplodiploidy and euso-
ciality: taxonomic aspect (236).
12.3. Polygynous founding of a family: a decision of the problem 237
Essence and occurence of the phenomen (237). Statement of the problem (238). Approach to
resolving the problem (239). Genetic gains of the strategies «queen» and «sister» (241).
Chapter 13. Prerequisites of origin and stages the evolution of eusociality in bees 243
13.1. Subsocial pathway 243
Hypotheses on pathways to sociality (243). Subsocial hypothesis (244).
13.2. Evolutionary stages of sociality 245
13.3. Prerequisites for incipiency of eusociality 247
Prerequisites for eusociality origin (247). Conservation of optimal reproduction (250).
13.4. Main tendencies and constraints in the evolution of eusociality 251
Trends in the evolution of primitive eusociality (251). Inversion to solitary life (252). Evolution of
eusociality in various groups of bees (253)
References 257
Summary 314
Annotated index of Latin names of bees 332
БИОЛОГИЯ ПЧЕЛ (HYMENOPTERA, APOIDEA)
Владимир Григорьевич Радченко
(Институт зоологии АН Украины, Киев)
Юрий Андреевич Песенко
(Зоологический институт РАН, Санкт-Петербург)
Утверждено к печати
редакционно-издательским советом
Зоологического института РАН
План 1991 г.
Редактор Т.А. Асанович
Художник О.И. Малова
Оригинал-макет изготовлен В.Г. Радченко
Подписано в печать 02.08.94 Формат 70x1001/16. Печать офсетная. Бумага офсетная.
Печ. л. 22. Уч-изд. л. 35. Тираж 600 экз. Заказ № . Цена договорная.
Зоологический институт РАН, 199034, СПб., Университетская наб. 1.
Санкт-Петербургская типография № 1 ВО "Наука", 199034, СПб., 9 линия, 12.