Puigjaner L. (ed.) Syngas from Waste

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.

Green Energy and Technology

For further volumes:

http://www.springer.com/series/8059

Luis Puigjaner

Editor

Syngas from Waste

Emerging Technologies

123

Luis Puigjaner

ETSEIB

Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya

Diagonal 647

08028 Barcelona

Spain

e-mail: luis.puigjaner@upc.edu

ISSN 1865-3529 e-ISSN 1865-3537

ISBN 978-0-85729-539-2 e-ISBN 978-0-85729-540-8

DOI 10.1007/978-0-85729-540-8

Springer London Dordrecht Heidelberg New York

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Ó Springer-Verlag London Limited 2011

Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as

permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced,

stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the

publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued

by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be

sent to the publishers.

The use of registered names, trademarks, etc., in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of

a speciﬁc statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore

free for general use.

The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the

information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors

or omissions that may be made.

Cover design: eStudio Calamar, Berlin/Figueres

Printed on acid-free paper

Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Foreword

‘‘ Syngas from Waste: Emerging Technologies’’ —An Example of What is Required

for Today’s New Green and Sustainable Chemical and Process Engineering

Oil, chemical and related industries are today evolving considerably at the

beginning of this new century, because of unprecedented globalization market

demands and constraints stemming from public and media concerns over envi-

ronmental and safety issues, and sustainable considerations, in combination with

tools like stakeholders analysis, indicators, and Life Cycle Assessment covering a

cradle-to-grave approach of the supply chain.

A great number of requirements are clearly focused on societal exigencies such

as carbon dioxide sequestration, chemical looping combustion, methane CPO and

reforming, biodiesel synthesis and hydrogen production, as mentioned in the USA

and European roadmaps related to the mise en oeuvre of the required green

chemistry and the green chemical and process engineering. And it is obvious that

the existing processes and new processes, both involving the need of emerging

technologies and computer aided process engineering, must be progressively

adapted to the principles of the green chemistry [1].

The present book is a typically good illustration of the modern chemical

engineering in the framework of globalization, sustainability, and acceleration of

innovation that includes a computer aided multi-scale product design and engi-

neering approach [2], and process intensiﬁcation reducing material usage, energy

consumption, and waste generation, i.e., producing much more and better with

using much less, thus also enhancing the corporate image of chemistry [3].

Indeed this book, based on the competences of scientists confronted with

industry practice is a reference tool. It concerns the topic of production of syngas

from low-cost solid biomass and organic wastes from any origin and their blends

with coal, coke, and petcoke for electricity production or pure hydrogen produc-

tion, incorporating advanced technologies for carbon dioxide concentration. The

clear objective of the book is to emphasize how production and cleaning tech-

nologies can be improved by developing perfected models and simulations that are

validated, interlinked in optimized physical and chemical processes and eco-

nomically designed and assessed in the framework of today’s energetic context.

The content presents successively (a) the raw material handling involving the

raw materials characterization and the green supply chain management modeling,

(b) the process modeling and simulation with the modeling of the reactors

encountered in syngas generation and puriﬁcation, with the emerging technologies

on syngas puriﬁcation by adsorption processes, with the modeling of the hydrogen

production and the carbon dioxide separation with the Water Gas Shift Membrane

Reactor, and with the appropriate representation by means of a process super-

structure mathematic tool of all possible ﬂowsheets for the production of a given

product from different raw materials using different process units, and (c) the

conceptual design and decision-making support for the global clean gas process

synthesis and optimization and for the selection of the best designs for speciﬁc

applications, and ﬁnally industrial data collection and several examples of

industrial applications are presented with successful case studies and also limita-

tions, ranging from clean power generation to complex combined heat and power

systems and high purity hydrogen for use in fuel cells.

Summarizing the book, contains two main areas. The ﬁrst area focuses on the

improvement of the conceptual design of syngas production and puriﬁcation both

with the scientiﬁc advancement of improved and emerging innovative technolo-

gies and with the development of better performing models. The other area focuses

on the modeling, validation, and technico-economical evaluation of improved and

innovative systems for clean syngas production, targeted to enhance the industrial

design of gasiﬁcation processes at a preliminary stage. Moreover it has to be

underlined and emphasized that a state of the art systems approach is used

throughout the book: a process superstructure is introduced to describe the ﬂow-

sheet conﬁgurations for intermediate syngas production aiming at power and

hydrogen production. This process superstructure is based on commercial and

custom-made simulation tools, which are standards-compliant, interoperable and

open to future developments. And as explained by the author of the book, Pro-

fessor Puigjaner, the reader is guided in the use of the superstructure, which acts as

a versatile and ﬂexible tool for the preliminary design of novel process alternatives

and redesign of existing ones, and serves to improve the operating conditions of

the real process plant. And in all cases, several process-wide performance indi-

cators related to the simultaneous consideration of economic and environmental

aspects are considered for optimization of the best design.

As mentioned previously, this book illustrates what I call the modern green and

sustainable chemical and process engineering in presenting for the ﬁrst time the

most recent concepts, methods, and techniques for the preliminary conceptual

design and optimization of most promising emerging technologies for the pro-

duction of clean quality syngas upon demand from low-cost solid biomass and

organic wastes under simultaneous economical and environmental constraints.

Moreover the design strategy presented in this guide allows a tailor-made

design for several processes other than syngas production, where an appraisal of

technico-economical feasibility and environmental improvement in the system

vi Foreword

approach of green and sustainable process is required. Therefore the book may be

considered as a vade mecum which may serve also as a decision-making support

for the chemical engineer at the plant to assess or improve its performance.

It is clear that this book entitled ‘‘Syngas from Waste: Emerging Technologies’’

which contain high quality works from leading experts in the ﬁeld, is intended as a

textbook for postgraduate students, scientists, academy and industry researchers,

and industry practitioners in the up-to-date topic of syngas production and

applications. It will especially interest those who are concerned and involved in the

design, retroﬁt design and evaluation activities of alternative solutions. Such a

vade mecum should also be strongly recommended to lecturers and teachers

delivering advanced courses in process design and engineering focusing on

engineers and scientists working in industry and being involved with the crucial

problems and challenges encountered in the evaluation and improvement of

existing installations or in the design of a new one that require emerging tech-

nologies and the use of better performing models.

Nancy, 31 October 2010 Prof. Dr. Ing. Jean-Claude Charpentier

Past-President of the European Federation

of Chemical Engineers

CNRS/ENSIC/INPL Nancy-Université, France

References

1. Anastas T, Zimmerman JB (2003) Design of green engineering, through the 12 principles.

Environ Sci Technol 37(23):423A

2. Puigjaner L, Heyen G (2006) Computer aided process and product engineering. Wiley

3. Charpentier JC (2007) Modern chemical engineering in the framework of globalization,

sustainability, and technical innovation, Ind Eng Chem Res 57:3465–3485

Foreword vii

Contents

Introduction ........................................... 1

Luis Puigjaner

Raw Materials, Selection, Preparation and Characterization........ 11

Fernando Rubiera, José Juan Pis and Covadonga Pevida

Raw Materials Supply .................................... 23

José Miguel Laínez, Mar Pérez-Fortes, Aarón D. Bojarski and

Luis Puigjaner

Modelling Syngas Generation .............................. 55

Mar Pérez-Fortes and Aarón D. Bojarski

Main Puriﬁcation Operations............................... 89

Mar Pérez-Fortes and Aarón D. Bojarski

Emerging Technologies on Syngas Puriﬁcation: Process

Intensiﬁcation .......................................... 121

Ramón Álvarez-Rodríguez and Carmen Clemente-Jul

Production and CO

Separation .......................... 145

Antonello Di Donato

Modelling Superstructure for Conceptual Design of Syngas Generation

and Treatment ......................................... 169

Aarón D. Bojarski, Mar Pérez-Fortes, José María Nougués

and Luis Puigjaner

Process Integration: HEN Synthesis, Exergy Opportunities......... 201

Zdravko Kravanja, Miloš Bogataj and Aleksandr Soršak

Puigjaner L. (ed.) Syngas from Waste - Emerging Technologies

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.