Промтов М.А. Пульсационные аппараты роторного типа (роторно-пульсационные аппараты, РПА): теория и практика

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ijyfhc ]b^jZ\ebq_kdbc m^Zj b gZ[ex^Zxlky j_ahgZgkgu_ dhe_[Zgby \ ijb[eb`_gbb

iehkdbo\hegdZd\ jZ[hq_cdZf_j_lZd b\ihehklbjhlhjZ:gZeh]bqgucih^o h^k^_eZg\

jZ[hl_ >@ ]^_ j_ahgZgkgu_ dhe_[Zgby ihlhdZ `b^ d hklb  \hagbdZxl ijb hij_^_e_gghf

khhlghr_gbb \j_f_gb ijh[_]Z \^hev dZgZeZ klZlhjZ bfimevkZ ^Z\e_gby b \j_f_gb

i_j_djulbydZgZeZklZlhjZ

J_rZy kh\f_klgh ^\Z mjZ\g_gby hi j_^_eyxsb o iZjZf_lju kh[kl\_gguo dhe_[Zgbc

^Z\e_gby \ i hehklb  jhlhjZ b jZ[hq_c dZf_j_ ihemqbeb khhlghr _gb_ ]_hf_ljbq_kdbo b

dbg_fZlbq_kdbo iZjZf_ljh\ I:JL ijb dhlhjuo [m^ml \uihegylvky mkeh\by jZ[hlu

ZiiZjZlZ \ j_ahgZgkghf j_`bf_ >  @ Ijb \u\h^_ mkeh\bc j_ahgZgkgh]h j_`bfZ

jZ[hlu ijbgbfZeb qlh \ukhlZ ihehklb jhlhjZ jZ\gZ \ukhl_ jZ[hq_c dZf_j_ Zihey

^Z\e_gbc \wlbo h[t_fZo y\eyxlky pbebg^jbq_kdb kbff_ljb qgufb Wlh y\ey_lky qZklguf

kem qZ_f h[h[s_ggh]h ih^oh^Z ijb dhlhjhf mqblu\Zxlky iZjZf_lju lj_of_jgh]h

Zdmklbq_kdh]hihey \l_ogheh]bq_kdboh[t_fZoZiiZjZlZo

F_oZgbq_kdh_ b ]b^jhf_o Zgbq_kdh_ \aZbfh^_c kl\b_ jZ[hqbo  hj]Zgh\ I:JL k ihlhdhf

`b^dhklb bk qZklbpZfb \dexq_ggufb \ wlhl ihlhd jZkkfhlj_gh \ jZ[hlZo  >  

@>_lZevghbamq_gijhp_kk^jh[e_gbyqZklbpkn_jbq_kdhcnhjfuhij_^_e_gumkeh\by

ijb dhlhjuo  ijhbkoh^bl ^jh[e_gb_ bihemq_gZ aZ\bkbfhklv ^ey jZkq_lZ \_jhylghklb

jZajmr_gbyqZklbp

Bkke_^h\Zgby \aZbfh^_ckl\b y `b^dhklb k jZ[hqbfb hj]ZgZfb I:JL ijh\_^_gh ^ey

ahguaZahjZf_`^mjhlhjhfb klZlhjhfIhemq_guihemwfibjbq_kdb_mjZ\g_gby^eyjZkq_lZ

fhsghklb^bkkbibjm_fhc \aZahj_> @Wlbfh^_ebijbf_gbfu\ hkgh\ghf

dJI: ^ey dhlhjuo oZjZdl_jgZ hlghkbl_evgh [hevrZy \_ebqbgZ aZahjZ b [he__ qZklh_

jZkiheh`_gb_ hl\_jklbc \ jhlhj_ b klZlhj_ Ihemq_g [hevrhc wdki_jbf_glZevguc

fZl_jbZeih^l\_j`^Zxsbchkgh\gu_l_hj_lbq_kdb_iheh`_gby

KIBKHDEBL?J:LMJU D=E:<?

 Gh\bdh\ < K Bfimevkgu_ ijhp_kku i_j_ghkZ \ ]_l_jh]_gguo kbkl_fZo H[ ahj 

Ijhfl_iehl_ogbdZL K 

  Dhgh\Zeh\ < B =ZlZih\Z G P Lm]hemdh\ ? G H \hafh`ghklyo  bkihevah\Zgby

pbdebq_kdbo l_ieh\uo b \aZbfhk\yaZgguo l_ieh^bn nmabhgguo ijhp_kkh\ \ obfbq_kdbo b

^jm]boijhba \h^kl\Zo<_klgbdL=LML K 

 DZj^Zr_\ = : Nbabq_kdb_ f_lh^u bgl_gkbnbdZpbb ijhp_kkh\ obfbq_kdhc

l_ogheh]bb FObfbyk

 Nbabq_kdb_ wnn_dlu \ fZrbghkljh_gbb KijZ\hqgbd  Ih^ j_^ < : Em dtygpZ  F

FZrbghkljh_gb_k

 N_^hldbgBF@Zjbd;GIh]hj`_evkdbc;BBgl_gkbnbdZpbyl_ogheh]bq_kdbo

ijhp_kkh\ibs_\uoijhba\h^kl\DL_og bdZk

 >hebg kdbc : : Bkihevah\Zgb_ ijbgpbiZ ^b kdj_lghbfimevkgh]h \\h^Z wg_j]bb ^ey

kha^Zgby wnn_dlb\guo wg_j]hk[_j_]Zxsbo l_og heh]b c  Bg`_g_jghnbabq_kdbc `mjgZe

L K 

 >hebgkdbc : : GZdhjq_\kdbc: B IjbgpbiuhilbfbaZpbbfZkkhh[f_gguo

l_ogheh]bc  gZ hkgh\_f_lh^Z^bkdj_lghbfimevkgh]h\\h^Z wg_j]bbIjhfl_iehl_ogbdZ

L K 

 Jh]h\ B : =hj[Zlh\ : < Nbabq_kdb_ f_l h^u h[jZ[hldb ibs_\uo

ijh^mdlh\FIbs_\Zyijhfure_gg hklvk

 AZ^hjkdbc < F Bgl_gkbnbdZpby obfbdhl_ogheh]bq_kdbo ijhp_kkh\ gZ

hkgh\_kbkl_fgh]hih^o h^ZDL_og bdZk

 >bkdj_lghbfimevkguc \\h^ wg_j]bb \ l_iehl_og he h]b yo  : :

>hebgkdbc;B;ZkhdKB=meucb^jDBLLNG:GMk

 ;_eh]eZah\ B G FmjZ\v_\ : B Bgl_gkbnbdZpby b ih\ur_gb_

bgl_gkb\ghklbobfbdhl_ogheh]bq_kdboijhp_kkh\EObfbyk

 Dhgh\Zeh\<B;Zah\u_dbg_lbq_kdb_oZjZdl_jbklbdbfZkkhh[f_gguo

ijhp_kkh\@mjgZeijbdeZ^ghcobfbbL K 

 LZ]Zgh\ B G Fh^_ebjh\Zgb_ ijhp_kkh\ fZkkh b wg_j]hi_j_ghkZ

G_ebg_cgu_kbkl_fuEObfbyk

 :^bmlhjb ? N Gh\u_ f_lh^u \ l_iehi_j_^Zq_ I_j kZg]e ih^ j_^

:BE_hglv_\ZFFbjk

 =e_gk^hjn I Ijb]h`bg B L_jfh^bgZfbq_kdZy l_hjby kljmdlmju

mklhcqb\hklbb nemdlmZpbcFFbjk

 <_cgbd : < L_jfh^b g Zfbd Z j_Zevguo ijhp_kkh\ Fbgkd GZmdZ b

l_ogbdZk

 Dbjibdh\ < : H deZkkbnbdZpbb kh\j_f_gguo f_lh^h\

bgl_gkbnbdZpbb dhg\_dlb\gh]h l _iehh[f_gZ ijb \ugm`^_gghf ^\b`_gbb [_a nZah\uo

i_j_oh^h\L_hj_lhkgh\uobfl_ogheL K 

 Kfbjgh\ G G ;_eh]eZah\ B G Bgl_gkbnbdZpby g_dZlZebq_kdbo

ijhp_kkh\\ kbkl_f_l\_j^h_l_eh `b^dhklvObfijhf  K 

 N_^hldbg B F EbikfZg < K Bgl_gkbnbdZpby l_iehh[f_gZ \

ZiiZjZlZoibs_\uoijhba\h^kl\FIbs_\Zyijhfklvk

 DZnZjh\<<> hjhoh\BGKbkl_fgucZgZebaijhp_kkh\obfbq_kdhc

l_ogheh]bb Hkgh \ukljZl_]bbFGZmdZk

 <b[jZpbhggu_ fZkkhh[f_ggu_ ZiiZjZlu  B Y =hjh^_pdbc  : :

<Zkbg<FHe_\kdbcI:EmiZgh\Ih^j_^<FHe_\kdh]hFObfbyk

 N_^hldbg B F G_fqbg  : N Bkihevah\Zgb_ dZ\blZpbb \

l_ogheh]bq_kdboijhp_kkZoD<bsZrdk

 L_ieh b fZkkhh[f_g\ a\mdh\hfihe_<?GZdhjydh\:I;mj^Zgh\

GF;he^uj_\IGL_je__\Gh\hkb[bjkdBgl l_iehnbabdbKH:G KKKJk

 =bgklebg]:F;ZjZf::MevljZa\md\ ijhp_kkZoobfbq_kdhcl_o gheh]bb

E=hkobfba^Zlk

 Njb^fZg<FMevljZa\mdFAgZgb_k

 ;_j]fZgEMevljZa\mdb_]hijbf_g_gb_\gZmd_b l_ogbd_I_jkZg]e

FBghkljeblk

 DZjiZq_\Z K F Jy[qbdh\ ; ? ImevkZpbhggZy ZiiZjZlmjZ \

obfbq_kdhcl_ogheh]bbFObfbyk

 =_jr]Ze > : Njb^fZg < F MevljZa\mdh\Zy ZiiZjZlmjZ

ijhfure_ggh]hgZagZq_gbyFWg_j]byk

 =_jr]Ze > : Njb^fZg < F MevljZa\mdh\Zy l_ogheh]bq_kdZy

ZiiZjZlmjZFWg_j]byk

 Hkgh\u nbabdb b l_ogbdbmevljZa\mdZMq_[gihkh[^ey\mah\;:

:]jZgZlFF>m[jh\bgGGOZ\kdbcb^jF<ukrrdk

 Gh\bpdbc ; = Ijbf_g_gb_ Zdmklbq_kdbo dhe_[Zgbc \ o bfbdh

l_ogheh]bq_kdboijhp_kkZoFObfbyk

 =Zebp_ckdbc ; F Ju`h\ X : Ydmr ? : L_ie h\u_ b

]b^jh^bgZfbq_kdb_ijhp_kku\ dhe_[exsbo kyihlhdZoFFZrbghkljh_gb_k

 Bkihevah\Zgb_ \hegh\uo wnn_dlh\ ^ey bgl_gkbnbdZpbbobfbq_kdbob

nZah\uo ij_\jZs_gbc \ fgh]hnZa guo kbkl_fZo K : Ex[Zjlh\bqH ;Lj_lvydh\JN

=Zgb_\b^jL_hj_lhkgh\uobfl_ogheh]bbL K 

 Dhe_[Zl_evgu_ y\e_gby \ fgh]hnZag uo kj_^Zo bbo bkihevah\Zgb_ \

obfbq_kdhcl_ogheh]bbJN=Zgb_\GBDh[Zkdh<<Dmebgb^jDL_ogb d Z

k

 Gh\bdh\ < K =hfh]_gbaZpby b ^bki_j]bjh\Zgb_ \ kh\j_f_gghc

l_ogheh]bb H[ahjIjhfl_iehl_ogbdZL K

 Njb^fZg < F MevljZa\mdh\Zy obfbq_kdZy ZiiZjZlmjZ F

FZrbghkljh_gb_k

 <hjhgh\ : = Bkihevah\Zgb_ a\mdh\uo dhe_[Zgbc ^ey mkdhj_gby

ijhp_kkZ jZkl\hj_gby dZf_gghc kheb  MevljZa\mdh\u_ f_lh^u bgl_gkbnbdZpbbl_ogheh]

ijhp_kkh\K[gZmqljFK 

 Bkke_^h\Zgb_ ijhp_kkZ Z\lhdeZ\ghkh^h\h]h\us_eZqb\Zgbys__eblZ\

ihe_mijm]bo dhe_[Zgbc  : : ;_jrblkdbc b^j  MevljZa\m dh \u_ f_lh^u bgl_gkbnbdZ pbb

l_oghe h] bq _ k dboijhp_kkh\K[gZmqljFF_lZeemj]byK 