Paterson J. A Dictionary of Colour - A Lexicon of the Language of Colour (анг. яз.)
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pr aene- (L)
Bronze.
a aeneous
Having the colour or lustre of brass.
a aeruginous
Having the colour of verdigris or copper-rust.
pr aethio, aetho, aethrio (G)
Bright, firy.
c african violet
The pinkish violet of the flower of the same name.
adv after dark
An ambiguous expression meaning after it has become dark rather than after it
has ceased to be dark.
n afterglow
The glow remaining after the disappearance of light, in particular, in the sky after
sunset.
n after-image
The sensation of colour remaining after the stimulus has ceased where, for
example, one stares at an image or object and then looks away to a white surface.
The shape remains fixed for a while. Often, the colour of the original image is
found to be complementary to the after-image. See also complementary colours
and accidental colour.
n Agent Orange
The extremely toxic defoliant used by the US during the Vietnam
war. Named not by virtue of the colour of the substance but
in reference to the orange stripe on its container.
pr aglao- (G)
Bright.
adjective a
adverb adv
a colour c
noun n
prefix pr
suffix su
verb vb
14 A DICTIONARY OF COLOUR
adv aglow
In the glow of a warm colour.
c Air Force blue
A dark blue colour. The blue adopted by the Royal Air Force in 1919.
c air-blue
Used to describe the light blue of the thrush egg.
n airbrush colours
Pigments suitable for use in airbrushes, that is, instruments employing compressed
air to spray paint.
pr aitho, (G)
Burnt brown.
a aithochrous
Reddish-brown.
a alabaster
Akin to alabaster in its whiteness and the smoothness of its texture. Shakespeare’s
Richard III, Act 4 Scene 3 ‘Gentle babes girdling one another Within their alabaster
innocent arms’.
n alacktaka
A red lacquer used in India as a cosmetic for the lips.
pr alb- (L)
White.
n albatross
The path by which many English words have journeyed to the current vernacular,
with their multifarious mutations and transformations, is a fascinating study.
Albatross is probably a mistaken version of ‘Alcatraz’ a Portuguese word for the
sea-fowl (and the origin of the the name of the prison island off San Francisco).
Curiously, although the Alcatraz was black in colour the word mutated to ‘albatross’
to describe the white petrel of Coleridge’s Ancient Mariner gaining credibility
on its journey from the ‘alb’ prefix meaning white.
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n albedo
Whiteness especially in astronomy in reference to the reflection of light emanating
from a planet.
n albescence
A medical condition where the skin goes white through being kept in the dark
for a sustained period.
a albescent
Becoming white.
a albicant
Growing white.
n albication
The process whereby white spots or bands develop in plant foliage.
a albiflorous
White-flowered.
n albino
A person or animal having no colouring pigment in the skin, hair or eyes; plants
whose leaves do not develop chlorophyll. Hence, ‘albiness’, a female albino.
a albinotic
Having the characteristics of an albino.
n albocracy
Government by white people; see also chromatocracy.
n alcanna, alcana
The reddish orange body dye from the Oriental plant of the same name which
is of the same family as the European alkanet plant.
n aldehyde green
A green dye also referred to as emeraldine.
16 A DICTIONARY OF COLOUR
c alesan
A light chestnut colour.
n alexandrite
A valuable gemstone named after Tsar Alexander II of Russia. Alexandrite is green
in colour but appears columbine-red in artificial light. It has colour shifts from
green to orange-yellow to red according to the crystal direction.
c Algerian
A yellowish brown.
c Alice blue
US term for a greenish-blue after Alice the wife of Theodore Roosevelt. As AliceBlue,
one of the 140 colours in the X11 Color Set. It has hex code #F0F8FF.
n alizarin, alizarine
A synthetic red dye identified in 1820 and replacing the natural red dye from the
root of the madder plant. It produces crimsons, greens and blues and other shades
depending on the mordant used, in particular, alizarin crimson. Produced
artificially since 1868 after which vineyards began to replace the redundant madder
fields of Europe. This was the first natural pigment to be made synthetically. Alizarin
dyes replaced aniline dyes but were themselves replaced in 1958 by quinacridones
which have greater lightfastness.
c alizarin crimson
A bluish-red serving as a substitute for rose madder. See alizarin.
n alkali blue
A class of blue pigment with a very high tinting quality used in making printing
inks.
n alkanet
An ancient red or orange dye from the roots of the Mediterranean plant of the
same name and of the same genus as the alcanna. Also called ‘anchusa’. See
henna.
n alkannin
A natural bronze-coloured pigment.
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n alkaptonuria
A rare inherited disease in which urine and ear wax when exposed to the air
turn black or red depending on what food the subject has been consuming.
n alkyd
The group of synthetic resins used in manufacturing paint and possessing good
colour retention and durability; ALcohol+aCID= ALCID or ALKYD; hence
‘alkyd paints’.
n alla prima
The method of painting where the work is finished at one session and without
any preliminary underdrawing or underpainting.
a allochorous, allochroous
Multicoloured or changing colour.
a allochroic
Changing in colour.
a allochromatic
Referring to a change of colour; as regards minerals, having no colour.
n allura red AC
A red food additive used typically in cakes and biscuits (E129).
a all-white
‘all’ is often used in conjunction with a particular colour to indicate an absence
of any colour other than the one indicated.
c almagra
Deep red ochre found in Spain.
c almond
Pink or yellowish-brown as in almond blossom; sometimes
the greyish-green colour of the underside of the leaves of the
almond tree. Used to describe a variety of colours.
n almond black
A black pigment.
adjective a
adverb adv
a colour c
noun n
prefix pr
suffix su
verb vb
18 A DICTIONARY OF COLOUR
c almond green
Greyish-green.
a almost…
As in ‘almost black’ (used in the description of certain flowers) and ‘almost white’.
n alpenglow
The purple gleam on alpine snow.
c Alp green
Yellow-green.
a alpine
Often used as a description of fresh colours redolent of the Alps.
n alum
A whitish mineral also called potassium alum used as a mordant in dyeing. See
also burnt alum.
n aluminium
The name given to one of the E food additives (E173) which gives a metallic surface
colour.
a alutaceous
Having the colour of white leather.
c amadou brown
A dark reddish-brown.
c amaranth
The reddish-purple or deep crimson colour of the leaves of the Amarantus. The
words amarantin, amarantine and amaranthine, signifying ‘fadeless’, ‘immortal’
or ‘unwithering’, refer to Pliny’s imaginary and never fading amaranth flower.
Also a purple food additive (E123).
pr amauro- (L)
Dark.
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c amber
The clear yellow brown or reddish orange of the stone, amber; ‘amber-colour’d
raven’ Shakespeare’s Loves Labours Lost Act4 Scene3. Amber as a stone varies
in colour and the colour term embraces a wide variety of shades.
c amber yellow
A rich ochre-coloured yellow.
n amblyopia
The condition of having defective vision.
c amethyst
Violet-purple or purplish-blue (particularly in heraldry); from the Greek meaning
‘preventing intoxication’ a characteristic once ascribed to the stone of the same
name.
a amethystine
Having the colour of amethyst.
n ampelitis
An ancient black pigment made from burnt vine branches.
a amphichroic
Having a dual effect when a colour test is applied.
n analogous colours
Colours which appear close to or adjacent to each other on a colour wheel.
n anchusa
See anchusin and alkanet.
n anchusin
A red dye from the root of the alkanet which is also referred to as ‘anchusa’.
c anemone
A pale violet.
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n Ångström
The unit of measurement of the wavelength of light named after the physicist A
J Ångström (1814-1874) largely replaced by the nanometre.
n anil
The blue dye now called indigo. ‘Anil’ comes from the Sanskrit word ‘nila’ meaning
dark blue which is also the root of the word ‘lilac’.
n aniline
The alcohol and coal-tar base of many different kinds of dyes, in particular, ‘aniline
black’ and Perkin’s mauve which was one of the first synthetic dyes to be
developed; descriptive of dyes and pigments made with aniline. Aniline dyes are
not as fast as the azo dyes which succeeded them. Hence aniline red (1859), aniline
violet (1860) and aniline blue (1862) the manufacture of which kickstarted the
chemical industry and in particular the companies we now know as Bayer, Ciba-
Geigy and BASF.
n aniline leather
Leather which has been dyed with aniline dyestuff rather than by means of
pigment and which, as a result, brings out the natural grain of the leather.
c aniline red
See aniline, fuchsine and magenta.
n anomalscope
Testing equipment used to diagnose the existence of colour-blindness and to
measure its severity.
n anotta, anotto, anatto, anato, anatta, annatto,
arnotto, arnatto, achiote, achote, notty
A natural orange-red dye from Central America; also used as a food additive for
colouring cheese and margarine (annatto E160(b)).
c antelope
The colour of the antelope. Having regard to the fact that there are so many
different varieties of antelope and that they have a wide range of different
colourings and markings this definition is not very helpful! Perhaps referring to
a dusky brown beige or a pale bronze gold colour.
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n anthochlore
A yellow pigment found in flowers.
n anthocyanin(e) or anthocyan
A group of pigments providing a large range of colours in flowers, plants and
fruits including blues, purples, violets, maroons, reds and pinks – producing red
when acid; blue when alkaline and violet when neutral. Anthocyanin is the name
given to one of the E numbered red, violet or blue food additives (E163).
n antholeucin(e)
White colouring matter in plants.
n anthoxanthin
A yellow pigment in plants; also called xanthophyll and phylloxanthin.
n anthracene
Descriptive of any colour made from the hydrocarbon of the same name, for
example, anthracene red and anthracene green.
n anthraquinone
A chemical compound related to anthracene and used to manufacture alizarin
and colours such as alizarin blue.
n anthraquinone colorants
A class of dye made from anthraquinone used to dye textiles including
anthraquinone blue.
n antimony
A bluish white pigment from the toxic metallic element of the same name once
used as a cosmetic for the eyelids.
n antimony vermilion
A red pigment made from antimony.
c antimony yellow
See Naples yellow.
adjective a
adverb adv
a colour c
noun n
prefix pr
suffix su
verb vb
22 A DICTIONARY OF COLOUR
a antique
As regards colouring, having the effect or intending to have the effect of making
the object appear to be antique or to resemble an antique; used as a description
of many colours including brass, bronze and gold.
c antique bronze
A bronze colour imitative of that of very old objects; also ‘antique gold’, ‘antique
green’ and ‘antique red’.
c antique ivory
The yellowish white colour of old ivory.
c Antique White
A yellowish white colour adopted as a colour name by Web page creators on
the Internet with hex code #FAEBD7. See X11 Color Set.
c Antwerp blue
A greenish blue variety of Prussian blue; also Antwerp brown and Antwerp red.
a apatetic
Camouflaged; in zoology, having colours similar to those of a different species.
See cryptic colouring.
n apheliotropism
The phenomenon as regards plants of bending away from the light. See
heliotropism.
a aphotic
Lacking light as, for example, at the depths of the ocean.
a aplanatic
A term in optics applied to a lens indicating that it is without spherical
aberration or divergence as regards light rays.
a aposematic
Referring to the colouring and markings of various insects, reptiles and other
animals which warn off their enemies by conveying the suggestion that the animal
is dangerous or poisonous, for example, the Eyed Hawk-Moth which has markings
on its wings which look like large eyes. See cryptic colouring.