Palmer L.R. The Greek Language
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Page iii
The Greek Language
By Leonard R. Palmer
University of Oklahoma Press
Norman
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Page iv
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Library of Coagress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Palmer, Leonard Robert, 1906-
The Greek language / by Leonard R. Palmer.
p. cm. - (Originally published: Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities
Press, 1980, in series: The great languages.)
Includes bibliographical references (p.316) and index.
ISBN 0-8061-2844-5 (alk. paper)
1. Greek langauge-History. 2. Greek language-Grammar. Historical.
I. Title.
PA227.P3 1996
95-44855
CIP
The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production
Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources, Inc.
First published in 1980 by Faber & Faber Ltd. in the United Kingdom and by Humanities Press in the U.S.A.
Copyright © 1980 by Leonard R. Palmer. New edition published 1996 by the University of Oklahoma Press,
Norman, Publishing Division of the University, by special arrangement with Bristol Classical Press an imprint of
Gerald Duckworth & Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the U.S.A.
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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Page v
To Elisabeth
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Page vii
CONTENTS
List of Figures in the Text x
Preface xi
Part I
An Outline History of the Greek Language
I
The Prehistory of the Greek Language 3
1. Greek and Indo-European
3
2. The Greekness of Greek
4
3. Greeks and Pre-Greeks
9
4. The Anatolian Languages
10
5. The Coming of the Greeks
16
II
The Earliest Texts: The Linear B Tablets 27
1. The Aegean Scripts
27
2. Personal Names
34
3. Mycenaean Grammar
38
4. Dialect Variation and Chronology
53
III
The Greek Dialects 57
1. Introductory
57
2. Dialect Characteristics
59
3. Dialect Interrelations and Historical Interpretation
64
4. The Second Colonial Period
80
IV
The Literary Languages: Poetry 83
1. Homer
83
2. Hesiod
101
3. Elegy and Iambos
105
4. Melic Poetry
113
5. Choral Poetry
119
6. Tragedy
130
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Page viii
V
The Literary Languages: Prose 142
1. Herodotus and Early Ionic Prose
142
2. Thucydides and Early Attic Prose
152
3. Classical Attic Prose: Peak and Decline
167
VI
Post-Classical Greek 174
1. The Common Dialect
174
2. Grammatical Developments
176
3. The Koine and the Ancient Dialects
189
4. The Genesis of the Koine
191
5. Christian Greek
194
6. The Establishment and the Popular Language
196
Part II
Comparative-Historical Grammar
VII
Writing and Pronunciation 201
VIII
Phonology 212
1. Introductory
212
2. Vowels and Diphthongs
213
215
3. Sonants
4. Sonants as Consonants
223
5. Consonants
228
6. Syntagmatic Phenomena
239
7. Prosodies
242
IX
Morphology 246
1. Some Preliminary Notions
246
2. Stem Formation
247
(a) Nouns
247
i. Substantives
247
ii. Adjectives
254
iii. Compound Stems
258
(b) Verbs
261
3. Inflexion
266
(a) The Declensional Classes and the Case Inflexions
266
(b) Indeclinables: Adverbs and Particles
283
(c) Pronouns
285
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Page ix
(d) Numerals
289
(e) The Verb
292
i. Introductory
292
ii. The Personal Endings
295
iii. The Tenses
299
iv. The Moods
307
v. Verbal Nouns and Adjectives
312
Bibliography 316
List of Abbreviations 321
List of Symbols 322
Subject Index 323
Index of Greek Words and Affixes 333
Index of Linear B Words 352
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