Орго В.М. Основы конструирования и расчета на прочность гидротурбин

/lno

irt-cii'lrf

"-1til'1Po(r

'

(

'

B.M.Opzo

^

1.n.-,!1-J,

-Ku'l\

, LL\\-''"

'

.-[-i*

u

v'/

/\

1*Jry

\;

_

t)

\

.al\

.n.\

l#,

\\\$\\Wl

d'

,'rEHr.tHrP,4!,

<tVIAWHHOCTP0EHI'fE>

'18 H

t't

H

I' P.lJC

K0E

0TlE"'l E H

HE

t 97 8

OEHOBbI

TTOHCTPYI,IPOBAHIIfl

U PAEqETA

HQ,nr)oqHocn?b

zLtap}Tnupoit

H

|

-*.

\L"

Ion

ytqeuo

iVI unucme

pcmBo*t

ebtcueeo

u cpedneeo

crlequa.'tbHoeo

odpasoeanus

CCCP

B

Kaqecnae

yue6uoeo

nocoSun

0n

cmg)eumol

B1J3IB

no

cnequaibHocffLtl

<[

ud

pao.tuqecKue

.ttaluuHu

u c

pedcmeo.

aBrno,uanLLtKtt>>

6

n2.3(075)

o-63

vAK

621

.224.001.2

(075)

PEUEH3EHTbi

, -^...,,.. rraT,I

Ka(PeApd

i

nAPumdund

l'rv!

a

H

A-p

rexH.

naYx

IO'

Y"

3

A

E

,II b

Pe,laxrop

HH;+(.

11.

I'i.

[iI

P

n

P

r-r

Opro

B.

M.

0-63

ocHosu

KoHcrpyHpoBaHHs

H

pacqera

Ha

npoqHocrb

I'HAporyp6HH:

Vqe6noe noco6ne

prs

uaruHnosrpodre'runux

eysoa'-l'l'

:'\larunHocrpoe-

nHe.

;'leHnnnp'

orA-H!te,

1978'-224

c',

H;1'

B

yue6Hou noco6na

H3no)KeHbl

ocnoBbl

KoHcrpyHpoBaHHtl

H

pa::I9-

TpeHuocHoBHbleTeHAeHuuHpa3BHTHqKoHcTpyKuHftru:pory.p6HHtloopa.

THMbTX

rHApoMarxHH. ,[,anu

o6qnfi

aHa'li13

tl onHcaHHe

nog'le'IHHX

KOH-

crpyxuuit

in4poryp6lH'

Hx ocHoBHt{x

,v3noB

n

Aeraaefi'

a rapKe

npeA-

cTaBr'relrxe o

Te.\HHKo-3KoHoMnr{ecxo:ut

o6ocsoBaHHH

KoHcTpyKUHir

ru4po-

iVpO"".

noKa3aHbr

ocHoBHbte

MeroAbt

pacqera

Ha

npoqHocrs

rlr.qporyp6ux,

npHBeAeHb{BHBoAbIpacqeTHbIxQopt'ty,nHqHcJIoBbIenpHMepbI'

'

vqe6goe

noco6ae

MoxeT

6UrS

raxxie

noJ'Ie3HO

HHiKeHepHo-TexHHqe'

cxuu

p

a6orH

H KaM,

3 aHHMarcI.IlHMc'

npoeKTupoB

aHHeM'

KoHcTp

yH

poBaHHeM'

HcQle,qoBaHHttMH,

[poH3EoAcrBoM

l't

:xcnryaraunefi

rx4por.vp6Htt

H

nona-

cTHblx fHApoMaluHH.

i

F

!r

r

i

:

"(l

::1

.###16r-78

6n2.3(075)

O

H:Aareascrso

<MaurxHocrpoeHHe>,

1978 r'

n

PELHC'1OB

H

E

)''qe6Hoe

noco6t{e

npeIria3HaqeHo.L,rfi

H3yqeHLifi Kypca

KoricrpyHpoBaHIiR

II

pacqera

rHApor)'p5lrH

Ha

ttpoqHocrb,

Koropbrli

o6btqHo c;e.lyer

rioc,le

li3yqeHliR

c6u{enai'qHlrr

!r 06uierexHrrqecK!r.\,llicuLinJ!tH

ti

nepBbtx

cneqtiarbi{tix

K,vpcoB.

T.l..

,roilrra rr?),,i-\rrTrrI{ara\f.)in

'.ivnr'2

rintr-Inn 1,^-

2PT ?H2Hlle

nCHOR

TPOntf tI naSOqelO

l

IJ,\

1!ll

rlv

npou,ecca,

MeToJoB

f !i.f

polrrHa\,(HqecKHX

ilcc"le,(oBaHHi.{

H xapaKTepHcrl{K

rHApo-

11p6iiu,

a

raK;xe

i{a.tHqrre o6rtrrx

ilpercraB_,'IeHuii

o

KoHcrpyKuI{sx. Kypc

6aert-

p-\'ercfl

Ha

,vqe6Hbrx

noco6Hqx

[39]

rI

[+9

].

I{e,rbto

AaHHofi

pa6orbl flBllr'Iocb

H3r'Io-

x{eHHe

B

.locraroqHoi\r

odbeue cBe.reHHrl,

seo6xoAn}tblx

npH

KoHcrpyHpoBaHHH

rH/lpo-

T,Vp6HH,

npoeKTHpoBaHliu

H

pacqeTax Ha npoqHocTb

Hx

y3"{oB

H

AeTa,'iet'i.

-'B

xHnie

orpaiKeH

onbrr, HsKorrr€HHbrfi

oreqecrBeHHbtlt

rnAporyp6ocrpoeHHel\r,

r{

laHo

npelcTaBJeHt{e

o coBpeMeHHbtX

3ap.v6e}KHbIX

KoHcTpyKUlIflX,

npHBeAeHbl

ilapalreTpbl

afpefaToB,

onpe"leJflrcu{H.\

cocToflHl{e

oTp?cjlH,

paccMoTpeHbi

KoH-

cTp)-Kur-ilr

noBopoTHo.lonacTHbrr,

pa,llra,rbHo-oceBbr.\

H

.LHaroHaJbHblx

rH.lpoTyp_oHH

rr

g3JoxeHbr

\iero.i,bt

pacqeroB l{x,v3.1oB

t{

Iera.leii,.l,aHbl

npelcraB"leHHfl

06

}ix

Hanpq;+(eHHo\r

cocroqHlnr.

B i(3.'rol,i\eHHo\r

Bti,le HeKoropbte

II3

pacqeroB

n.v5.:IH-

K)'rorcfl BnepBbre.

KoHcrp!'Kutrr{

KoBr.uoBbrx

H ropH3oHTa"tbHbt.\

KancyilbHblx

rHApo-

T,v-p6l{H,

rrMerculHX }reHbutee

npu}reHeHrle

B

oreqecrBeHHoNI

r{Aporyp6ocrpoeHHH,

pacc\rorpeHbr ueHee

no-lpodrio.

flplr

pacuere

.{era,teli

srHx

}tatrrHH

B KaqecrBe

aHa-

JoroB

\roryr 6strs

ncno,lb3oBaHbi

Bo

\rHofl{x

cr}r{?ffx

np[BeAeHHble

B TeKcre

MeroAbl

p

acqeToB.

KHHra

HanrrcaHa

aBTopo\r

Ha ocHoBaHlIH

onbtra,

H&KotlrleHHoro

npll

qreHllll

Kvpca

nKoHcrpvt{poBaHtre

ri pacqer rH,tpor-y"p6nn

Ha

npoqHocrbl'o)

B 3aBoAe-BTy3e

nprr

rrpoH3BoICtue"Holt

o6re1rixeHnH

T!'p6ocrpoeHHfl

<,IIeHnHrpaAcKHI?

ir{era;'i"1ll-

qecK11ii

3aBOf,),

a

TaK;,he

I"lHre.lbHol'r

paSorsr

Ha 3TO!{

Bei,yu{ert

B OTpacilH

npe.I-

nptrflrrpr.

tr4s.roxeFrHtrii

\rareprra.r

coorBercrB)'er

nPorpaltNle

Ha3BaHHoro

Kypca

t{

B onpe.le.teHHoii

\repe

nporpa\r}{a\r

aHa.:rornqFlbtx

KypcoB,

qllrae}lbt.\

B

Ipyrl{x

BTV3A.\.

'Heo6xortlrlrocrb

B

tr3J,aHHrr 3Tot'{

KHnfr{

Bbt3Bai-{a

reNl,

qro,

Hec}lorpfl

Ha

3Haq[{-

Te,tbHoe Ko,.'IltqecrBo

pa60T, nocBfllqeHHbl.\

Bonpocart

rll,{poT,vp6ocTpoeHHfi

12?'

2+,26,27,29,.15,

48,

5.1,

631,

rt 6o;tuuioli

o56e\t

coAepx(aqH.\cfi

B HHx

cBeAeHHu'

ltK

Hcno,Tb3oBaHr{e

nptl

H3yqeHllli

Kypca

npe.{cTaBJneT

3Ha{HTei'IbHble

TpyAHOCTH

H3-3a

v3Koii

HanpaB.TeHHocrrr

HJH

H3,'n{uHeii

no.'IHorbt

paccMarpHBaeil{oro

Mare-

p

r{a,Ia.

B

KHHfe

npHBe,reHo

iv{HHur{a,'IbHoe

KoJnqecrBo

cnpaBoqHblx

3ru

naHHbte

co.lepxar

pa6orbl

[7,

29,

46' 52

l.

3a

nortourb,

oKa3aHHylo

npll o0opr{JeHIlll

p}'Kontlcil,

aBTop

.{apHocrb

coTp!'IHI{Ka\t

FiaQe^]pbt

I'[tApoN{auHH

3aBOAa'Br\'3a

H.

B.

Opro,

B t'1.

[-[rnuoay'

Ir B.

B.

Opro.

lr

AaHHbtx,

TaK

KaK

BbrpalKaer

6;iano'

P. A.

klnaroeoft,

I-ttaaa

I

NAPAMETPbI

KPYIIHbIX

r

HN,POTY

PE HH

(r

t I rf ^,. - ^ ^11 ^nn

r.Lt

tt rttltfr|t >ttAnnnlln;ttg

9|.l.IIpuJyLYl.|'mvJyl'U.'c|J|*ult9cJlLUUw'.P&'9v9v*vr

u

u.r

nepo'uernpbL

B xp1.nr:o\r

ilrJ,por!'p5ocrpoeHr{ti

HatuJll

npil]teHeHlle

rpi-t

ocHoBHble

cllcre\tbl

rr.pdlrH

-

pea n

irreHoro

KJacca,

or"r!rqarouIIIecf

HanpaBieHlie\l

noroKa

a

pa6ouert

KOJeCe:

OCeBble,

pa.lHa,IbHo-oceBble

lI

,1ilaroHa,lbHbie,

lt o!,Ha

cHcTe]ta

ryp6tttt

aKTHBHoro

K;acca

-

KoBrxoBare.

flpHlreHf

Ior

HecKo,lbKo

KoHcrp"vKTllBHblx

Bapl{aH-

ToB oceBbrx

ryp6Hu:

noBopoTuo,ronicrusre

(pHc.

I. l,

a),

!l\{erctllt{e

pa6ouee

Ko;Ieco

c noBoPoTHbn\lll

JonacTqllH,

Cnl{pa,]bH}'rc

Karlep}'

ll BeprllKa'lbHbliI

BaJ;

nponeJ-

.tepHbre,

OTJltqarcUtleCfl

OT

IIOBOpOTHOT'IOfl&CTHbl.K;*ieCTKo

3aKpen"leHHblNII't

'lOna-

CTqrrlt

Ha

KOpnyce

pa6OverO

KoJeCa:

Fianc)'.lbHble

noBopOTHOIorlSCTHble

(prrc.

I.l, d)

-

c

Kancl,"rori

1"rn

pa3\leLIleHllff

reHepaTopa

H

foptt30HTa,lbHO

pac-

no;IOiKeHHbr\t

Ba"to\r.

K

oceegrrr

oTHocflTcfl

TaKiKe

ll\leOqlle

ofpaHtlr{eHHoe

tIptl-

\teHeHlIenpf}loTot{Hblellnoi}'npfl}loToqHbleaIpe|aTbI.

patrrra.tuHo-oceBbte

r1'p6rrHir

i eeprrrxaJbHbt\t

Ba"tort

(ptlc. I

I, 6)

tl\letor

Hait-

6o"ruuee

pacnpocTpaHeHrre

tr npl{\reHflrcTCfl

B

tllllpoKo\t -lllana3oFle

HanopoB;

pa-lllaJb

HO-OceBbte

C

roptt3OHTa.lbHbtIl

Ba"lOll

-

B \le,1KO\l

ll

Cpe.lHe\t

rrrlpOrl'p50CTpOeHlllt"

-nlraroHa.rbHbre

ryp6rrHur

(prrc.

I.

i

,

a)

BbtnoJHflior

c

BeprtiKaJbHbl\1

Ba"lo\l

ll

noBoporHoJonacrHbrri

'pa6ourrii

^o,te.o,r.

I-lpone;JepHbte

-ll{aroHa,lbHule

rvp5rtHut

nprrlreHflrcT

oqeHb

pe-xKo.

KOSLUOgste

ryp6HHur

C

BepTLIKaJbHbl\t

B?JOr\l

lI

qeTblpbNIfl-nqTbrc

cOn'14\tlt

(prrc.

I.l,

a)

B nocJe.l,Hee

Bpeltq-

BblTecHfilor

r1'p6ltHbl

c roplt3oHTanbHbl\l

BaJo\t'

'ulterculrte

oJ.Ho-;1Ba

conra

(c\1.

S

II'5)'

Ha

xapaKTepHCTtrKrr

pa3,Tr.rr{Hbtx

ciicre}r

rn-lpor}'p5rrn

6o;uuroe

BJllflFIlle

oKa-

3brBarcT

KoHcrp)'KTlrBHbte

oco6euHocrlt:

BeprllKaJbHoo

ILlll

fopll30'r{Ta"lbHoe

pac-

no,ToxeHtre

Ba,ra,

Korrcrpy'Kurrrr

c0!lpa;uHoii

Kartepbt

ttJtt cnocoSul

noreora

Bo-1b['

r{xc;to

cone,t,

HaJItq}te

noBoporHbtx

;Ionacreri"

Hax"roH

.'Ionacrelit

s

Al{aroHa'1

bHbl'\

ryp6iiHax

u

.tp.

'frr,tporyp6irusr

o.lnoii

UIcTerlbl

IIol'yT

oTJHqaTbcfl

pa3}tepalt[{,

KoHcTpyKLi}lerI

yeKaHH3NroB,

xoHQiir,vpauueii

n orHocnreJbHblllll

pa3Ntepartll

3Je\leHroB

nporoq-

Horo rpaKra,

onpeJ,eJfl!oulHx

rHn

ryp6ltH.

-Pae;rttr{Hble

Qoprtlt

nporot{Horo

rpaKTa

onpeiferflorcfi

B

-xapaKTepHbtx AJfl AaHHot'i

cHcteltu

npe.le,'lax

HHIIIBHAy?r'IbHbl\lll

cnolicrsai\tL{Kax.loforltnaryp6nHst,H3KoTopbtX|,IaBHbl]!{}IflBiflroTcflK.n..f.'

6slcrpoxoAHocrb,

npHBeAeHHbre

napal{erpbl

rl

KaBIIraurloHHaq

*up:_1tt^li::t::i

OCHOeHurtrH

3.i't€tt€HTd\tH

npOTOqHOTO

rpaKTa,

Onpele"lfllOIIlHl\1H

3TH

CBOHCTBa'

ffB,rrf

rorcfi

pa6ouee

KoJ€co,

Hanpao,lnrcurlui

annapar

lt orcacblBarcu{afi

rpy6a

'

B

rulporyp6lruax

o.dHofo

rlrna,

HNtercuIfiX

pa3Hble

pa3}{epbl

ll

reoNlerprtqecKll

no-

-A,O6rrtrri

npOtOUHtrii

rpaKT,

nepeq!lC.leHHbte

ceoticrsa

\tOrJ-T

HeCKOnbKo

OT''IHqaTbCq

t{3-3a

Br'lrrHtrfl

rraculra6Horo:rfQexra.

Koucrpyxuttlr

rtexaHll3rloB

o;lHorllnHbl'\

rypOrn

rror-vr

6urro

luano'ot,t.

He'xoropbre,

cyutecrBeHHo

He

B.lltRtou{lle

Ha

cBoiicrBa

oT!'jL{r{Ht,

.q,onycKaIOTCfl

ll

B

3,,1e}leHTax

npoToqHoro

TpaKTa.

4

flapalwerpu

rH;lporyp6lrH

qBIfftoTcfl

HX

KOj'II'tqeCTBeHHbl

jlllI

n

KaI{eCTBeHHbiNIlI

xapaKrepHar"^ur,il'[gg,'+g

].

Hnxe

fvt?BHbl€

!13

HHX

nepeqrlcJeHbl

H KparKo

iloflc-

".ino,.

fip"

npo.KrttpoBaHrln

rHAporyp6Huu

3aAaHHblMrl

napaNleTpaNlH

qB'flflrorcfl:

Hanop,

pacxoA

H rlolqHocTb.

-

H'u'n

o

p-li

(.r)

onpe,te,lqercq

npH

npoeKrttpoBaHHI'l

ycraHoBKI'l

H

npeAcraBrfler

co6oli 3HepfHto,

xoropor:t

pacnoJaraer

rypdrrHa

(pa6ovaii

Hanop)'

C

uanopo'\{

ycra-

HoBKn

no

cytUecrB!'toulHll

HopNIaM

MelKAyHapo'lHOil

sHepreTHqecxoft

Kotv{HCcl{l{

Pnc.

I.

l. Creutr

pa3.iHqHbtx cHcrelr

rufpor,vp6uH:

d

-

oceBbie

(npone"l,repHste

H

noBopoTHo,lonacrutre)

;

6

-pal,uatbHo-ocegble;

s

-J,HarOHa.'IbHbte;

i

-

KoeuloBble;

d

-

Kancv,-IbHble

(,\'l3K)

pa6Outrii uanOp

CBtt3aH

3aBtiCtlNloCTbto

H

:

Hy,-,

--

Aft,,u,

-

U1,,o,...p"'(2t)'

f,l€ Hy.r

:

Z,,p*

-

2,,,,*,

Aft,,u,

-

noTeptl

B

nO:'(BOnfUIH.\

BO]OBO.IaX,

U',u,x.

cp

cperHaR

cKopocrb

Ha BblxoAe

tl3 orcacblBarcureii

rpy6st;

z"o*

-

orrterKa

BepxHero

6seQa,

z,,,tx

-

ro ;+ie

HH)+(Hero

6oe0a;

g

-

i'cKop.eHlle

cBo6orHoro

naAeHHfl'

3a^faioi'rptt

3HaqeHHfl

Hanop

a:

H

--

pacqersrtti,

npH

Koropor\{

ryp6HHa

pa38H-

BaeT

3aAaHHyto

(HolrtttHa;uHyro)

MOUlHocTb,

H*o*

-

NtaKcltMa,ibHbtil,

npH

KoTopoN{

r,vp6UHy

paCCqnTbtBarcT Ha

npOqHOCTb,

Hn'rn

-

i\tHHl'lMarruHolli,

npll

KoTOpOrvl

rapaH-

THpVercn

!lLlHlllla.lbHafl

N{OUIHOCTb.

P

a c

x

o

A

Q

(rr3'c)

onp€.l€If€TCf

TaKX(e

nptt

npoeKTHpoBaHlIlI

f3C

lt

,TIq

ryp6lrH

3aAaerc"'*u*

d.: Q"r,ir,rAe

Qu.,

-

pacuerHurii

pacxof

B

crBope

f3C;

z

-

qHCiro

alperaToB

i\loutHocrb

ryp6uHsr

N

(xBr) nprt 3aAatiHblx

3HaqeHrltlx

H

ll

0

Ha3brBaror

HoNurHa,'rbHoii;

:lrrrHi.rivra,'rbHafl

NroulHocrb

coorBercrByer

H.,n'hHoc'la

3aAaercrr

neperp\'3oqHafl

\roulrrocrb

rV.nr,,

Koropan

Moxer

6srru

no,ryueHa

'nltoo

np

n

pacqeTtrot\{

HanOpe

tr

yBer,'Iltt{ertttbl.\

OTKpbITHqX

HanpaB,'lfllOuleFO

annapaTa

it

ao^^x

)

do,p.q

(nrrn

Qru*

>

Q),

.ru6o

npu

pacqerHoM

orKpbITHH

ao,pc,

H noBbI[IeH-

HOM Hanope.

llaparwerpar'rn,

ofipeAenffeMbrMH

.{,1fi

.

Bbl6opa

ryp6anrt,

fBJ'lfiIOTCfl:

qacTOTa

BpauleHna

B

ycraHoBHB[IeNIcR

pex(HMe

n

(o6luuu),

uacrora

BpalqeHfiq

npn

pa3roHe

ryp6uHlr ftn,,

(o6ir,rxn)

H

IHaMerp

pa6ouero

Ko;-t€c?

Dt

(ri)'

Lirq

rl4Aporyp6nH'

;;'6;;;;rii""u,'iac

B

cccp,

qacrora

Bpau{eHnn,

Ha3brBaeMaq

crHXp-o-HHoii, AoJ'I}KHa

yAoB.[erBopfiTb ycnoBgfiM

no,r1]{eHl{ff

TpexQa3Hofo

ToKa

qacroroft

50

fU'

OrcioAa

ir,*

:

f60lp:

3000/p, ue

I

:

50

fr1;

p

-

qucxo

nap

nortocoB'

PasroHuaR

qacToTa

BpauleHHfl

np3c

BO3HHKaeT

npH

aBapHH

B CHCTeMe

pefyflHpoBaHHfl

II

HMeeT

Han6ontUee

3HaqeHHe

npli

o0max'

it

c6poCe'Harpy3Kll

c reHepaTopa'

Oua

onpeAe-

r'rreTcfl

no

pasrOHuOil

iapaxrepllcTliKe.

KoaQQHU!{eHT

:pa3roHa

Apac

:

npsttL

vBeirqqHBaercq

c

vsennqeriHelt

6utcrDoxoAHocrll

Typ6HH'

'

Anarrreip

pa6oqero

KoJIeca

ryp6Hml

D,

RertreTcfi

ocHoBHbIM

pa3Mepoivf'

onpe-

AeJqIou16rvt

npH 3aAaHHblX

Hanope

H nponycKHoil

Cnoco6HocTH

MoiIlHoCTb

H lvlaccy

iyp6HHlr.

fuipoauHat{iiqecKile

KaqecrBa

pa6ouero

KoJleca

B

ocHoBHofvl

onp€J'e;1fllor

'r2Ku?

.rrn2xrpnr

tcrriKrt

rvn6tigst.

KaK

K.

n.

-f

'

IIpHBe-feHHble

pacxo'{'

qacrora

;;;*;";;:

-

;;;;;;

;ro

r

n oiii

Ko3QQ

H

q

r{enr..

I{ Ko3SQ

H

u

He Hr

6

brcr

p

o

xo,lHocrH'

oH

pt

nn' u^nlr- ulrs *,r,."o r r,Hofr rvn6ngu ua

.ra6oparopHol'i

ycraHoBKe.

vllPgA(;rr/trul!n rrPrr

tlwrrurrsr^^r'r'\

-"-'-

't,

.,

'(';r

OO

H

U

H e H

r n

o.1

e3

H

o

I o

Ie

ii

cr

B

lI

q

rypdnnbl

onpeAe"Iffercfl

orHorrreHHiv^

lVi,V".f,

,4.

M

-

lroulHocrb

Ha

BaJ'Iy

ryp6HHbI

(xBr);

Nn?1:

:

pgQH

:

9,8iQH

-

MoulHocrb

noroKa

(Q

:-paixo,r-

ryp6ltHbl'

tw3/c;

H

-

pa6ocHfi

Hanop,

M,

npHH!{}{aeMblii

;;;;;;.tifnaf<l;

p

-

nnorHoc'I'b

BoAbt'

xr/rt3'

k.

n.

A.

"ur"'ara"

ocHoBHbr'

rroK,.3^Te;'IeM

KaqecrBaJyp6rtHlt.

I-lpnBe.reHsuir

pacxo.l

Qi:al@iy1)

(vs"c)

H

npHBeAeH'

han.

qacrora

BpaureHHr

rlr:nDtlvH

(oSirrutt)

Bblpaxarct

!39_l;

BeTcTBeHHo

pacXoA

lI

qacTOTy

BpauIeHHfl

ycnOeHoit

ryp6nHrr-3TafloHa'

L{Merculeu

IHaMerp

I

ri

x

pa6oraroqefi

npH

nanope

I lr.

flpuneAeHHble

napaueTpbl

no3Bo';Iflror

npH

cpaBHeHHH

pa3i'IHqHbt.\

THnoB

ryp'6HH

olleHHrb

nponycKHyrc

cnoco6Hocrl

(pac-

xoA Ha

eAHHHuy

nnoularn

ceqeH!{fi

pi6oue.o

xo,reca)

H

conocrau"]:.Ll--To

qacrore

Bpaqe*Hfi.

B ioeoxynHocr*

oHH

orrpeAe.'IffIoT

6ucrpoxoqHocrb

ryponHbi'

'

Ko3QQHUi{anr

6ucTpoxoAHocrH

ns

onPe!,eIfleTcf

H3

Bblpa-

X(CH

Hfi

'il:

nf

l36v

'(

H

T,'E):

3,65ni

{Qfr

EstcrpoxoAHgcTb

Hapfl.1,y

c

K.

n.

i.

qB,;IqeTCfl

ocHoBHbllt

noKa3aTe"-IeNt

KaqecTBa

H

3KoHoM6u"oar*-t

a"fpoiyp6ocrpoeHlril.

C

ToqKH

3peHHfl

y\teHbLUeHI'Ifl

KanHTaJb-

nbrx

3arpar

Bcer1a

BbtrolHo

npHueHRrs

6o.ree

6stcrpoxo-,1Hsie

H tAOtll]].t:."^t.":

rHApoTyp6HHbr,

TaK

KaK

OHH O6,la,lanr

noBbtllleHHOtli

qacroToii

epaueHl{f

}{ MeHbLilell

maccofi.

a.rq loxa3aTe.1bcT3a

e

Qoplr,v.ly.t,Tfl

n

noJ,cTaBHM

3HaqeHlte

rl

H /vnor:

:

N

ln, ror,ta

n:

nsli

f

7i1,/i

jo,v"",n.

(l.i

)

C

yse.rrnueHHeM 6ucrpoxogHocTn

MoMeHT,

nepeAaBaeNtHfi

ea'lorvr

ryp6uHbI

npH

HeH3MeHHOfi

MOS{HOCTH

yNIeI{buaeTcfl.

A;rfi

noATBep){LneHHfl

3Tofo

B

BHpaXeHHl{

Anfi

Bpaqarcu{ero

MoMeHra

.'lIup

:

ruit6

'

lr)'

r're

'V

-

ntourHocrb

Typ6HHbI

(xBr)'

yrJoBafl

.^opo.ir

(l/c),'esrpa3'i\t

o,

qepe3

ns

n;nil

ft

Ha

(l.l)

rt

nonyquM

Mup:30N'(ffr)

:

l0,l2N:/"1r13/':

lb,titto)'

(l'2)

Kporrre

TorO,

C

yBenHqeHI.IeNI

/t

(u;rr 4r)

y-\{eHbuaeTcf

AHaI{erp

pa6Ouefo

KO;1€C&

D

1

3a cqer

yBe,,rHr{eHHq

KaK

/r1.

rnK

"

Qi"3"o

nro*Ho

yBg.lerb,

€c,flH

eupa:tlru

D'

qepe3

npHBeAeHHble

BeilHqHHbt

tfE l.

-

v

ttlL-

p'-:

ft1

(1

3)

vr

conocTaBHTb

rro.r1lq€HHOe

Bblpax(eHHe

c

H3BeCTHbIM

BbIpalKeHHeM

ns:

:

3,65ni{ffi

llpn

yueHbrreHgg

M,p

v

npHHqroM

ypoBHe

AonycrlrMblx

Hanpfl-

xeuHtl

tv{oxHo

yMeHbuHTb

AHaMerp

Bav''Ia

H ero

Maccy''a

-npu

yMeHbueHut4

Dr-

Maccy

pa6ouero KoJ'leca,

HanpaBJ''flI.[lefo

annapara

u

ryp6ilHu

B l{efiofvl'

H'

CJIeAO-

BaTeJ'IbHO'

MaCCy

MaTepHa,'Ia,

3aTpaqeHHofo

Ha

eAHHHIIy

MOII1HOCTH'

y

A

e

J'I

b H

a

n M a

c c

a

*"r^:";;o7'v

-(tlu

*,r,

-

!?t:1.:{?6"su;

//

-

ivtoulHocrb),

nupaxarcqas

3arparbl

MarepHa,la

"a

elriHHUy

MolrlHocrn

(xrixBr)'

onpeAe,,'rfleT

MarepHaJrOeMKocTb

rypOrl"tt.

3aslacHlrocTs

fryo

or

-6srcrPoXoAHocTI{

opHeHrHpoBoqHo

noKa3aHo

Ha

pHc. l.-2,

o.l-lpegerr

Bo3ll{oxHoid

yrenrrueHl'1fl

6rtcrpo-

xoAHOcTH

npK npHtqeHeHHH

pau^r"Unrr*

,yp6""

3aBHCltT

oT

KaBHTaquOHHbIX

CSofiCte

ryp6HHbr

t39

1.

A)

m.,a

70

t00

?00

J1a

a30500

Pnc.

I.2.

o6aacrn

Qaxix,recxxx

:saqeuxft

yAe,rlxofi-t*accu

(a) H KaBHrauHoH-

,,o**ot$'6nuHeHra(6)a:aeucuvocrHor6ucrpoxoAnocru

KaeHTauHoHHstliKo3QsHuHeHTonpeAe.ng€TctoTHolueHheM

orro

I

H"*,18,-r1e

fl.r"

-

rlHHaMHqecKoe

pa3pe)fieHlte

B 3OHe

pa6overo

KOJIeCa'

yBeIHqHBa}oueecflnpHyBe,:]HqeHHHcKopocTHnoToKaBHeM,T.e.cyBeJlHqeHHeM

nponya**oft

cnoco6nb.t"

u 6ucrpoxotrHocT6

oryp

yBeIltqHBaeTct'

3ra

3aBHcHMocTb

noKa3aHa

Ha

pHc. I.2,

6.

Or

xaaHrauHOHHbIX

KaqeCTB

3aBHCI{T

BbICOTa

OTCaCbIBaHHq'

HMen[lafl

B

npaKTHKe

npHMeHeHHff

fHIporyp6rrH

eaxHeftl-i]ee

3HaqeHHe'

Butcora

oriacusanHq

fl,

onpe,le'lflercs

lia

Qopv,v;u

H

,:

10,3

-

KoorroH

-

Vy.

",'900,

(1

4)

rfe 10,3

-

6apolrerpHqecKoe

AaB,leHHe,

I{

Bo.r''

cr';

Vr.*

-

otY:l:u

ycraHoBKlr

pa6oqero

Ko.teqa

Ha!,

ypOBHeN{

Mopx,

tvt;

,(o

-

xoa@llUgeHT,

yr{}tTblBarorqHfi

norperu-

HOCTb

npH 3KCnepHMeHTa,lbHoM

onpe,qeJleHHt{

orvp'

$

I

.2.

Texuurco-gKoHo'+tuq'ecvoe

sHaqeHue

nap

a"ue

ft1p

o B

z

ud

p

orny

p6

uH

fexsHxo-eKoHoMHqecxHe

Qaxropbl,

B 6oaluroft

Mepe

3aBHcFUlle

oT

nup-1y:L?.:,?

rHApOTyp6HH,

onpeleJ'IflOT

npHMeHeHHe

ll

pa3BHTIIe

nocJ''IeAHHx'

3XoHot'tnqecKuH

sq4err

u *pynnJ*i^ittipotyp6ocrpoeHnn,

Iaxe

npH efo

rtarblx

orHocnr€r'Ibnblx

3HaqeHHf

x BblpaxaeTcg

s

6oIor.IH.K

cy\{lvla*.

To

o6lqcHsercq

6o,tutuHMU

KanHTaJ'Ib-

Hbrivtt{

3aTpaTaN{H

* a*uorra,rnHoti

asrpa6orxol't

a,rexrp03Heprrln

na

f3C'

3KcnJ'Iya-

rHpyrorrlnX typ6HHu.

'OlHHrvt

,j ocHoeHbI.\

noKa3arerrel't,

oflpe.fe"lflloullX

3KoHoMl{qHocTb

3Kcn'[yaTa-

I{HH,

fB,,'lfleTCR

K.

n.

A.

afpefaTa

lr.p:

?]I.""' l!'€

r'lre"

-

K"

n'

A'

feHepaTopa'

I-loc,regHHri

AocTll'aer

B

Kpynrlbrx

irperarax

0,97-0,975

H flBJIflercfl

Becbrla

I

tnr-

""1

2nL

'-l

i5*

rnl

9u^l

v,vl

4.04

tnl

2,0?

ts;

',-|

OL

50

fiL

0.

200

J00

500

600

n'

*

gra6HJ'IbHbrM,

no3ToMy

nonyqeHHe

BbtcoKLIX

K.

n.

A.

arperaTa

BO3MO)KHO

3a

cqeT

AOCTHIKeHHfl

BbtcoKHX

3HaqeHnH

rl

Han6o,rouree

3HaqeHHe

K. n.4.''fyp6rno,

Ito*

AocT'raeTcfl

tIpK

oIITHMdT-IbHolvl

pex(HNre

pa6orbt

ty[0""",

Koropbti{

o6r,u"o

onpe4e''rnercq

pacqerHblpl

HanopoM

H

i,

n

ur"oirr,o

V"".':

1O,a-:0,9i

M

H c,ry_x^r

rbxasarereNl

Aocr'rHyrorl

aQQexrne-

HocTr{

r{cnoJib3oBaHHg

3HeprHH

noToKa.

O,tnaxo

rrpH

onpeX'eIeHlin

aQQerruaHocTn

Bbrpa6oTKH

3HeprHH

B

pa3Hbrx

peiKHMaX

Heo6xoAHMO

yqKTblBaTb

cpe(HeB3BellleHHOe

3HaqeHHe

K.

n..1.,

KOTOpoe

Bblpa)KaeT

oTHoiileHHe

cyNIMapHoii

esrpa6oTKH

npH

pa3-

Hbtx

pexHMax

K

BO3tvtOX(HOfi

nplt

noJI-

Pac.

I.3.

K

onpe:,erregxrc

r.ly6aH-b{-3a,[oxiesHs

QyH-

ralteHra

3AaHHq

f3C

f,l,e

/r

--

npo.Io,l,'{<HTe,:IbHOCTb

pe}KI{-

\{oB;

N,,

Qr

tt Hi-coorBercrB}'touliie

3TH.\t

pelKll\{all

MOUlHocTti,

IJae-\uJ,bi

H Hanopb{.

!,.r'Ifl

Onpe^q,e"]eHHfi

tl.p.

u"

Heo6xo,[,H-

MO

3HaTb

npOIo,l)KHTe,r-IbHOCTb

H BepO-

qTHOCTb

BO3MO;fiHbIX

pelKH!1o8,

KOTOpble

Tpy.lHO

npofHo3HpoBarb,

Ec'ril.,

nptl-

HffTb

BepofrHocrb

OALIHaKOBOH'

TO

Hotvl

l{CflOr'ib3OBAHULI

3HeprHH

IOTOKa'

m

'lcD

N

'tt

9,8lQ,Hif,,

(l

5)

(i.6)

ln

/s

t:

lL

\r

83

-

.!J

I

.rl.p.

u,

paBHo

cPe;lHeNly

3HaqeHHI'O

K.

n.

.q.

B

.lHana30He

3alaHHOti

llou1HOCTH'

Ko-

ropoe

}{o;*iHo

onpeAenHTb

l{3

pa6oql{x

xapaKTepHCrHK'

'

Ku*

yKa3aHo

Bbrure,

npK

yBei'tHqeHHu

6stcrpoxoAHocr6

H

qacrorbl

BpaqeHHfl

anperaTa

\to)t(HO

VMeHbtrlt{rb

pa3rtepbl

H

}{acc.y

Typ6HHbl

I{ reHepaTopa'

pa3N{epbi

6.rOXa

arpepaTa.

O6tant

6e'rOsustX

CoOpyi6eHHfi,

a

CJeLOBaTerlbHo,

H Cy\{}{y

KanH-

Ta,'ibHbIX

3aTpaT.

flOlrorty

TeHAeHUHf

K nOJ-IyqeHHio

6blcTpoXoAHo.cTH

npl'{

BblcoKHX

3HaqeHrrfx

K.

n.

A.

A

rHgporyp6ocrpoeHnn

flB;1ffeTCfl

OCHOBHOft.

Oax'roporr,

of

paHKqHBaroulHrf

npKi!{eHeHHe

6brcrpoKo,XHbtx

-llp91"

nptl

yBe':IH-

qeHHH

HanopoB,

qB,qqeTcfl

KaBHTaUHq.

flo

t,{epe

Bo3pacTaHHq

6uctpoxoluocTH

(puc.

I.2,

6)

paCTyr 3HaqeHHfl

o.yp

H B

coorBercTBHr{

c

3aBIlcHt\{ocrblo

(l'4)

yveHu-

tuata"

rpebi'erran

Bbtcora

orcacbtBaHHfr',

H;lrt

3arJIy6'leHlle

pa6oqero

Ko"'leca

noA

ypoBeHb

HI-{}KHerO

6seQa.

I-lprr onpe.te,'IeHHI{

Bb{coTbI

oTcacblBaHHf

Ba)'KHylo

PoJb

xrpaeT

npHHltMae}loe

3HaqeHrre

Ko3QQp11{r{€Hra

Ko,

qro

BHAHo

H3

Oop}{y,'rbt

(i'1)'

CyufecrB,Vlou{Hii

onblr

nO3BO.1ffeT

I,tfl

pa6OqHX

KOxeC,

,lgnacTl{

KoTopbl.\

Bbtng'lHeHbl

H3

KaBllTaql{oHHO-

crofrKux

Hepl*aB;;utH.K

cra.rleii,

npHHtir{arb

nptl HH3K!{x

Hanopa'\

(H:20-:30

rr)

Ko

:1,05+-

1,i0,

inprr

6o;rbiuHx'Hanopa.K

(o

{o

1,5.

A.rq

,vn"lepo'1'ricrbtx

tl

Ma'lo-

renHpoBaHHbr.K

craxeli

npHHHI\{ato,

Ko

)

2,0.

flplr

yu:llu,t*n[{r:1.:'yr6i\t"It"J:::

,rlrqriBaeTcf

rJya)uHa

3a,lo>KeHrlff

QyH;laIIeHTa

3-laHIIfl

I JL

ilr.

O

(Pnc

l'J/'

u

EbrLU-

Toit orcacblBaHltfl

oHa

cBfl3aHa

3aBHcHillocrbto

llr.o:Hrtho.r_

6fu+6,

r,Ie

Bce HoBbie

o6osHaqeFIHf

cooTBeTcrBylor

pHcyHKy.

Be'rrlqHHoft,l?npeAe'li:5:"

HapflAy

c H,

r.ty-6t{H

Y

hr.q,

ttB"'IfleTCf

t.'ly6ltHa

oTCaCblBatOUIeH

Tpyobt

fln'

"

Jnarc-

HHfl

Koropoir

rauJr

"'irr-rfuT"

tszl

nonyciur{He

3HaI{eHI{fl

3anrry6.leHttit

H.

3anrtcRr

oT THna

yar3nou*N.

OpHeuTtlpOBOt{HO

}IO)KHO

Cql{TaTb,

qTO

'],iTf

KpynHblx

rHApO-

Typ6r{H

u nr:aa*no*

yCTaHoBKa.K.qonycTl{}rbl

3arJ'I-V6JeHHff

pa6oqero

Ko'''Ieca

nopfl.xKa l0

lr, B

uraxrHbrx

ycraHoBKax

Ao

30

nr

t,

B no.l3eltHblx

Ao

50

rr'

!,onyc'rrtltoe

3ar-'1y6,.'reHtre

QaKTlrqecKH

Onpele.flfleT

BO3l\{O;KlloCTb

npL{NteHeHHff

Hall6onee

6blCTpO-

xoluoft cltcrei{bt

H

THna

peaKTt{BHor';r

ryp6ltHst'

8

Koeuloesle

Typ6HHbr

fiBr'ifroTCf

Han6ojlee

THXOXOAHbllutl

lI npHNIeHqrcTCfl

TAI'I'

fle

HeJ'Ib3'

npr*,an"ro

6orree

6stcrpoxoAHbte

peaKTHBHL'le

ryp6HHbl'

ocHoeHbre

cHcTeMbr

rHApoTypSHH

pa3AeJiftoT

TaKxe

FIa

HH3KOHanopHble'

Hillyl

6Ucrpoxo4Hbte,

cpeAHeHanopHbie,

II;tII

CpeAHeft

6nrcrpoXo.qHocTll;

BblcoKoHanopHble'

liilr

nra.'roa

6rtcrpoxoAHocril.

fpaHriust

MexAy

3rHllH

rpynnaltrr

BecbMa

yc'roBHbl

(ra6,r.

I.l).

Ta6ttuua[.t

K.laccN$xxauHc

rxAporyp6nx

no

Ha[opam

I-lpone.r"rePHan

t(

no'

BOpotHo,lo:ldcTHaR

Bep-

rll

Ka-'I bH

afl

6rrcrporo.tru

an

Cperueir

6urcrPoxo.:,uocrtt

,\1

a,roii

St,icrpo.x

o'lHocrtt

3-

r5

I C-.)U

30-70

Pea

tirtt s-

Hbllt

Ocesatl

P

a.]rt

a.r

os

o-

oce8afl

t"dlll-v'LDnDrg

Ttl 1t-HkiP

Jrt

aro- Jriarotta.r

utlste

titl.lbl{l)t

Pa.]x a.r

uHo'ocegute

BepTllKa,-l

b

H ble

6ucrporo:,uute

Cpe:ueii

6utcrPoxo,ittoc-itl

,\lr.roii

6stcrpox

o-irocrtt

6 urcrporo.lH

lte

C

pc-ru

eii

6stctP

o:':o-l,tl

ocri

t

.\ll.roii

Suicrporo.rttocrtt

I K os

u',r

o s'e

i

acprrrKil.rb;{bic

6uicrporo.ltt

ute

Cpcineii

tiutcrPoroJ,uocitt

Ceo6o-irio'

crpf

iiiran

\xitteHutrt

l(oBtuoe;ie

toptt30tl-

raJ

bH

ble

)\ a.roit

6urclPoxo.ltlocttt

S

/.3.

Hop'wa,cusotltufl

u

yHufiuKa4ur

?udpornypdun

Hopva,rnaaUHq

npecJelyeT

(€Jb

orpaHHqllTb

qHcJo

npHl{eHfle}{bIX

cHcTe}l''

TtrloB H

pa3NiepoB

(riinopa3),repoB)

rrl.lpoTyp6rlH

lI cBecTH

K

I'tllHHllyNty

pa3Ho-

o6pa3He

KoHcrpyKuI{ii,

c.le,taB

H.\

Haubo;ree

nporpeccHBHbl\{H'

B coorBercrBHtl

c

3THN{

pa3J,tHqax1T

HoprtaiH3a11H}o

cHcre}{

ll

rHnoB

H

Hopl\{aaH3auHto

KoHcrpyKuHii

;rrp;typ6rr.

g

ocHoBV

HopNIaJl.i3auHrt

cltcreM

lt

rHnoB

(noc're,lH!{e

noHHMarcrcfl

KaK

COBOKynHOCTb

KoHKpeTHblx

THnOB,

npH}leHeHr{e

KOTOpblx

BO3NIO)KHO

B

Onpe-

Ae,leHHollr

Al{ana30He

HanopoB)

flor'Io}K€H2

HoNleHKnaTypa,

pa3pa6oTaHHal

{li

nOBopOTHorlonacTHbtX

(na,-I)

H

paArla.[bHo-oceBbix

-(PO)

rH'lpoTypoHH

t']:/'

')''

l

H

RB,'ItliOUIaflCq

OCHOBHbIIt

MaTepHar-IOM

npll

HX

BblOOpe'

Hoprvra,,rHaaUH;

IioHcrpyKuHfi

ocnosaHa

Ha

pa36HBKe

o6opyAoBaHHfl

Ha

y3j'lbl

H

rpynnbr,

A;'rfl

KoTopbrx

pa;pa6o'rauu

oTpac!'IeBbl€

HopMdiH.

npHN{eHeHHe

HopMa.tIl'i

no3Bo,lqeT ynpocTHTb

npoeKTHpoBaHHe

H

yBenHquTb

r{HCr'IO

OAHHaKOBbIX

KOHCTpyK-

uHfi

y3,'roB

H

Aeraiefi.

K,lacc"QHxaUufl

!'3,'toB

H rpynn

ruAporyp6*HHoro

o6opy.loeaHr{q

Bblpa6ora'nacu

B

AnHre.rrbHofi

npaKrriKe

nport3BoAc;!

.i'rpotyp6rru

H;

-

fl,U3'

OHa

no3BoJ'irer

onpeAe.teHHbrM

o6pa3ol{

cocTaBLITb

BclO

KOHcTpyKTopcKyto

AoKyMeHTaUHtO'

fNrfpo-

ryp6HtrHOe

o66py,loBaHlte

o6blqHo

pa3AeJIRloT

Ha

ABe

octtoBHble

qacTtl:

Co6cTBeHHo

rH,fporyp6HHHoe

o6opy.toBaHne

ll

o6opy,aoaaitrle

cHcrei\{H

pery':lrtpoBaH}Ifi

'

Koropoe

3Aecb

He

paccillaTplrBaeTcff

o

O6opynoaanHe

rn4poryp6HHu

o6stcHo

AenflT

Ha

y3Jlbt nocraBKn

s

roft

ttoClr€-

AoBaTenbHocTH,

s

xorbport

BeAercfl

MoHTax(.

B

coorsercrBgg

c

3THM

Bblflo'r-lHflloT

'pa6or{r4r1

npoeKT

H

H3roraBr'ruBSror

o6opylonaHple.

y3,'IbI

nocraBKll,

B

cBolo

oqepeAb'

AenffT

Ha

rpynrbt

o6opy4oeaHI4s,,

oHH

flB.'IqIoTCfi

yKpynHeHHbIMH

c6opouHtttvtll

-yrn""".

Ha'xax,qyCI

raKylo

rpynny

HMelorcs

c6opouHue

qepreiKg

H

cneqflQHxa-

ifsn.

B

TaKHe

rpynnbl

MoryT

BX9AHTb

oTAeflF,HbIe'

6o.tee Mei'IKHe

c6opouHnte

H"'IH

cBaPHbre

y3nbl.

1/1

2u

2d

t0

2t

26

2z

2x

2a

lx

ie

ta

l0

t(

t6

ld

Puc.

I.4. In,u,poarperar

Bo;rxcxofi

f3C

Hrt. B.

l'1.

.r-IeHirHa

(K

-

xoloHHa

ynpaBneHnt{

perynflropa

cKopocrH,

fu|HU

-

MactonanopHas

ycraHoBKa)

fpynnur

o6opyAoBaHHfl

L{

y3.ibl rocraBKlt

fl,,'l

n

Po

ryp6HH

noKa3aHbl x,]fl

[Tj-i

Typ6HHbt Ha

PHc.

I.4.

VseI

I

npeAcraB,,'IfI€T

3aKJaAHbte

qacTH.

Sror

,v-aen

AenHTcq

Ha

rpynnbl:

Ia

-

o6aHuogxa

Kogyc;

orcacbrBarcureir

rpy6u;

16

_

KaMepa

pa6oqero

KoJieca;

Is

-

cflHpanbHafl

KaMep

a

HJIH

o6rtliioexa

^cnHparrlHofi

KaMep:u;

Ie

-

cTaTop

Typ6HHbl;

IA

-

o6ruqoer"-';;;

ryp6'Hbr;

1e

-

o6.rHqoex'

uaxr

cepBoMoropoB;

Itc

-

cnycKHofi rpy6onpoBoA

H3

cnHpa,'IbHofi

Kailtepbli

1s

-

3aKnaAHbte

rpy6onpoBoAbl'

Yse,,I

2

-

pa6oqHe

MexaHH3MbI

ryp6HHbI.'

fpynnu

3TOro

y3fia::

2a

-

pa6oqee

Korreco ryp66Hbr;

26

-

HanpaBnfiroririll

annapar

ryp6nHb{;

2o-saa

ryp6HHbI;

2a

-

nanple,rnrc'I'ft

noAuIKnHHK

Typ6HH.';

2A

,-

cepBolv{oTopbl

HanpaBJ'If

roulero

annapara;

2e

-

/nnot*u"""

pa6ocero

Ko"l€Ca

(ronnxo

lnx

PO);

2crc

-

uIraHfH

pa.oqero

Ko,reca

i;;;;;;;""

hii

;23

-

MacnonpHeMHHK

(ronrro

a'rn

ftII);

2u

-

Mac.rtflHbre

rpy6onpoBoAbr

K cepBoMoTopaM

HanpaBnflrcqero

annap€Ta;2K

-

Macr'Ir-

Hue

rpy6orpoBoAbt

K cepBoMoroPy

Pa6o{€l'o

Kojl€ca

(ronbKo/fnq

nIi)''

2't

-

o6par-

l0

Hafl

CBfi3b

c HanpaBJlflIoglllNl

annapaToM;2,t

-

O6parnan

CB93b

C

pa6oquM

KoJIeCoM

i"orro*o

Anq

trIt)t

2n

-

H3MepHrerlbHble

npH6opbI'

VseI

3

-

ecnOMofaTe,,IbHble

ycTpOfiCTBa.

bH

Aelllrcfl

Ha.rpynil:';."

3A

-

KJ'IIoq6

^

cneUgaJrbHbrri

,n.tpy"a"r;

iO

MoHra)KHble

npHcrocc6JIeEHfl,

Heo6Xo,1HMble

B

npoqecce

3Kcnr'Iyaraugu;

3s

-

orpaiKAeHHq,

nepHJIa

H

r€crHHIIbl'

-

Vaan

1

o6opyAoBaHllfl

rlocTdBr-Ifeics

na

cTpoHTer'IbcTBo

npH

Bo3BeAeHl{s

34arttfl

rHApo3,,reKTpocraHUHH.

Ero

fPYnntr

MoHTHpyror

lt

no

Nlepe

coop,VxeHHq

3aMoHoJIH-

qrdBar.oT

B [eToHe

3AaHHfl.

dor

6eroH

Ha3blBarcT

nepBHr{HbIM'

TaK

ycTaHaBJIHBaloT

o6r'r6r.loBKg,

cTaTop,

cnt{paitbHyn

KaMepy,

3aKJaAHble

Tpy6onpoBolu'

B

nepBKqHoM

6eroHe

O6ntqso

ocraensrcr

ireaa6er6HHpoBaHHoe

npoCTpaHcTBo

(raX HaSslBaeMyto

uTpa6y),

B

KoTopoe

ycTaHaB,,'IHBaIoT

Kai\lepy-pa6oqero

KoJIeca'

qeHTpHpyloT

ee'

nogJe

qero

3a.[HBa]oT

BTOpHT{Hbm

6eroHoti.-Pa6oqHe

ldexaHH3MbI,

KaK

npaBHJ'Io'

\roHTHpytoT

noCJe

BO3BeAeHHq

HU11aHe!'i

qacTll

3AaHHfl'

3areu

c'rye1yeT

MoHTaX{

reHepaTupa

h

per]'ifrTopHoi-o

o6Opi'.l,oralll1g,

KoTOpOe

O6blqHo

BKIlor{aIOT

B

r{eTBep-

tttuoli,iit;ffi:u":,['

orou..,,.uor.

Hopr!{a;}r

no\{eur,eHbl

B

pa6orax 152,

27

'

29l'

Pasyepul ierare,i

ti

\'3.loB,

yKa3aLIHL,le

B

Hop\la,'1flI,

flB'ltiK)TCfl

peKo\leH!'oBaHHblllu

rr

rpe6yroT

ts oT'BeIcTBeHiibix

C.i,VqafiX

npOBepiill

paCqeTOII'

B

xax]'ou

0flIV

OHll

coorBercrByror

Ho\{eH6.'iarypHoMy

THnopa3iltepy.

Ec.rn

rpe6yercfl

H3MeHHTb

pa3'

-\repbr

leTa.nH,

ro CJeA)'eT

npHMeHHTb

pa3;\iep

ii3

CoCeLHeiO

pti'la'

Hanplrrvrep'

ec;IH

;p;-

t;

:

5'

n, HeKoropbre

.{erarrH

oKax(yrcq

nepeHanprir<eHHblMH,

rlx

c'i'IeAyer

npHlreHHrb

H3

pqla 6o,:rbilero

."nopurn,"pl.

eo=.loxeH

o6parirufi

BapHaHT'

Hog--

tra,'rH

O6"{er.{aror

saqa,tlHltft

3Tan

npOeKTHpoBaH}iff.

Kof.la

HeO6XOAH\1O

3aAaTb

ocHoBHbre

coorHoueHl{q

tt

pa3}{epb{.

Varu"otneHlle

crporo

per'larleHTHpoBaHHblx

pa3\{epoB

cKoBaJo

6st

ceo6ol,V

TBopqeCTBa

tl He.locTtlr"Io

6rt Ue;tH'

TaK

KaK

TpyJ'Ho

npelBrr.leTb

Bce

Bo3\toxHble

I.1fl

nplil,{eHeHtifi

BaprlaHTbl

KOHCTpyKUt{it'

'

VHlr$rrxaUtrq(

nprr-\reHfle\tbtX

TllnoDa3\lepoB

rll.lpoTyp6HH

HanpaBr'IeHa

Ha

)*Be-

.tliqeHt{e

CepttiiHOCTi{

liX npOll3BoICrBa.

Pea.rluo

3TO

BO3IIIOil<HO'

eC;tH

T-v-.p6Hsut

O.lHOro

Tttltopa3),tepa .].1q

FIeCKO.IbKLTX

f3C

il3roraB"IltBarOT

B

'IOcTaTOqHo

6Jli3KHe

cpoKtr

nocTaBKlr.

Vee.-r'ueHrre

cepltiitFiocTll

no3Bo.lf

eT

ylleHbtlIHTb

3aTpaTbI'

oTHe-

ceHHbre

Ha

o;IHy

rt;;;;tpa;n,"

(

raKlt\{

3arpara}t

orHocflrcfi

3arparbl

Ha

Hcctelo-

eaHl{q,

paspaSbrxy

npoeKra

pt

rexHo;lorrlqecK}tr

npoUeccoB'

putpl9SrKy

H

H3ro-

roBlTeHHe

np".noib6rreHHri.

Ilpu

yBeJHqeHrlH

cePl{fiHocrl{

}lo){Ho

noBbtcnTb

Kaqe-

crBo

HccJle,loBaHHIi,

6;'13fO,[apfl

npHMeHeHHIo

6o'ree

coBepueHHblx

Mero'u'oB

H

OCHa-

cTKtr,

noBblclrTb

KaqecTBo

H cTeneHb

MexaHH3aUlllI

npoH3BoAcTBa

ll B

pe3ylbTaTe

noAHqTb

npoH3BOAllre,IbHOCTb

rpy,na.

flpnrreporrr

ToMy

;ro;(eT

C,'1)XiHrb-llplIMeHeHHe

cepl{H

ua

-41

oAHoTHnHo/r

ru'XPo-

ryp6Hnsr

sa

Bonx'c*;;

a3C

rirr.

B.

I'1.

;'leHrrHa

II

sir.

XXII

c'les'Ia

K;ICC'

Kou'a

ce6eCToHMOcTb

noc,IelHeti

ryp6HHrr

fioHH3H,13cb

nO CpaBHeHHIO

c

nepeofi

npHMepHo

Ha 309'0.

B

CCCP

npH

cocTaB,'IeHHH

nepcneKTllEHorO

n'laHa

pa3Bt{THfl

rHApO3JqeK-

rpocraHUHii 6sr,,ra

npoBef,eHa

6o,roruan

pa6ora

no

1'HHQHKaIHH

rrlLporyp6HHHoro

o6opy.{oBaHHfl,

KoTopoe

,'O3BoilHJo

ycTaHoBilTu,

qiO

qHc,lo

npH]{eHqeMblX

THno-

pa3N{epoB Mo)IiHo

3HaqHTeiIbHo

coKpaTHTb'

s

1.4.

cocrnonnue

u

pa3sumU.e

zudpornypfiocrnpoeH.tlfl'

flpoHaeoAcrso

KpynHbrx

rHAporyp6HH,

Haqaroe

Ha

-p-v6exie

XI

X-X

X

BB''

6ypHo

pa3BHBaeTcq

B nocIeAHHe

AeiqrH.,'erus.

B

Ta6il'

l'2-l'6

nolten(eHbl

napa'

"tip"

nau6onee

MoutHbtx

H

xapaKTepHblx

rHApoTyp6HH

Bcex

npHlteHqel\lblx

B

Kpyn-

HOM

fHAporyp6ocrpoeHtltl

cHcreM.

Han6o,rsu-lee

pacnpocrpaHeHHe

Hl{etor

HOBteHHOfi

trtoulnocTH

OHH

npeBocxoAtT

BCe

KOe npHMeHeHHe

B 6yAyi[er{

npH

Hanopax

250 MBr

H

6onee.

palrra,,'IbHO-OCeBHe

ry^p6HHbI.'

I-lo

ycra-

ocra.lbHbte

cHcreMbl.

oHH

HaftAyr

luHpo-

or

60

no

500

l\t

H eAHHHqHoI:I

MoulHocrrt

tt

=EEi33RH=R;il

3

=n:aKRiHF

E

I

=

9?

-,^

*ui

^

1:r.'".^

-

1

r

i:;:

'-:i,r'-;.r.

:

:!-

-'=t='=::;='=;

:

=

:c-e

"^-Ei*=eq.T3

3 CIS

SSS

SS

=A: i

<

=X;5555

3)

-c)

tc)c)c,c)o)

-.._-

r-

,:a t\

ca

I I-: i I > I

rov

g

^.^^9

3@c)

J^

3i

-J

-Jc't

ar

rJ: +

L/)

^rO

F-

\a a-

^i

t)

N.;

,:a.,roY:N

r

JIig'vAr-v||l

\l

-\JN<

J

-6

-oroeh

seHHaVaardg

r'r^

'[6

ro*

I

F

-

:

C

F-

lrr)

r-l-

:-'l

-.

l-

i=i-=i==?lin

i

iesiiq5=€

oro

- =

(.

.\!.

=a ?\Q

"

"!=

=;-i{li==<=

L'+,Y

)/eN

'D

EoxJsd

=

-

X

=

:

qi-

;ril<

,,i'd,ry,1ou"11

'n=====i=E

=

il:i:-==:ir--

'.

=

\o

-7

-

-:--i

'-:

a')

::

-4'-

^=2

Z

.1j'=

-:

-:.-35=

^

T,:-Z=x-= 5ll---;n

.i313=

=

:t85q3=

r

;-

A,YU-

j3=?=t

3

-raJ-U=

-.-, 3 ? =:

)t

^',

vr<.-jH

=

.J:-.1-:

-5

.

-1-:=:

=td-- ^ ^vv v.r =

-\

-

-:a

-

i

^;4Y..:

x

-^-?

-1

*

?=i.i=i-

+,i;+i=

*.

=;:Ii1;

=5:ii= =

=i,:':=ll

===,=+1

i

+i-rI-=;'=

;

l:.2

,',5

1

:2.<=

-'

!

v

t

'=-t>-;

(vK-)

,,

(rgv/rx

'

erre

tt

g

et(qra[{ )

:.

'nun9d,(.1

erre14

.Su

HIJoHVoxOdrJ

Ha

rHaHnt{QQ€ox

'

tJ'\

-t1

tt

lFl

qrlotlmo\{

it

9;

.F

Oc

=.

t.)

t2

61

6l

./. X

'.

+

'.:l

'c

I

$$

Hss

*gHEErtttSrr$t

rr)

r

rO

r.J

tr)C{l--C't

C)

LO

f l! t I i

I r^ r^r^l-r- + T |

-r

| |

|

---

o o Cocc

o

c

=

?

F

"=

t

3

=5-ri;i-.

;-

;

rl

ri;3'i$3"i'3i

3:

cN

,\

r-:.t&iir

it

al

A€

F

eq

3r

:

i, C

3

!'cO

z,JaI)

'eUotf

OlflKI-1

a.

11

''r

1

o)6r

o

or

6 - O -

I

3=

.

lg

31

o-

Utla

co

o

= rr

I I

oo

v

;

I

R .1'

r=

I

"

=

I I

I

'

-

t--

qC!

Y

I'r

(v[u') ''

(rgx/JY'?)-f,?hl

B eHqlf

av.\

)

r

'nangd.ir

eoe

91

asy

anHam

-eh

6?HHaEJsildLl

r/.r,{'tD

[oxred

r;nriHavaendg

9ro'lr

(lllqHcrel'i

-Hruo)

tr

u

Y

6

f\

ra

I

F-

tJ:

:=

=ri

;E=:Ei:E

-.-

:'1

i"a

c)

!..

R

=--

=

| ei

ox

i-

t-

x

*

a

-

x

F

a

F

q

+

ar

=

'as

cc

Ei3

€

3lg

€g

s

t

s

g

:c=

ee

i

:5€ 1

a;J

g=

X Js

-

=^=

s<

cn

gg

i

:et;iie=l

s

E= =i

i

3iF

;=

i

=

?Y

e:fl;35i

r ls:s

i

T:

7z-=

c

9==s*gtg=::+

! i*li

;

ii=-itii=g

=

I:=

i'8

=

!

"

=

1"nClEig":.?:;€!;

s= si

:

i

g

=i

:";E

g

I

i33

S=;iau=3t=*

lxg=

u

iu

!=

,r

'dg

douug

l.8lv

'iv

rcHH9

-dnr

erroumoll'

;

F

o

d

I

o

I

2 .2

g

R

;

il

3E F

F

33E5o,5c)o)o)i)

==

cotr)

z;

s

E

F

A

s

E

BE

F

e. e s il * ?

3

;

R€

3

.-:

(,3

ry

€-

il^aqq

8-

C\l

61

6l

O{

d N

'-'r

s\

N

rl)

aa

a'a

aq

a.l

t--

a.)

N

'^-

Sa

r,'

ro

I

!

€

* =3

i

t'-

3

bo'

rr)

rilrSl

l-

>: >,

36

?le:adLe

oJos

-dau

etsoas

voJ

(ts{-)

-

(rgx/rx

'Bf,len

699

-rra[.{,)

r

'e]3ei{

unn/go'su

n.lroxYoxodong

rxannnQQeoY

auxlgo

'lu

cHHatneds

eroir

-en

uexxatsaundg

't

t-

.F.'

O

ld

c'q

lv

qC-

ra

:a=

oco

6l

'q

O)

c-

:

^

a

a-Al:o

:i,

i6-

-

i-:

?s

'i=:3

*3i-=EE;

=. sG:: rY

zz

ue*€.i

i i?ol

3

+Erd,e=

aH€,ISSE

lll!:==

!3

iH

sFt e8;-igft

€

sg5gJ

s

g€

:

sE=+j

;

i='t

"i

'

-:

v vv

a

C.l

r/.l,l

D

troxled

Hlrnigo'u

uttH

-Jnlede

eroale

h

...

.1d

,,1

reur

,,

r\

\ H/

n

(lilcHl.ah

-

red)

rJnsqrex

-ulxeK

douepl

,g19

'd'itL'

o**9

-di.r,

s:,roxmo

P

:

goJ.

-e-rad.ra

orlHh

-t

,6

I

>l

il

I

xl

;'

I

-l

:l

I

al

-

z

a.

N

UJ

rl)

:':

13

f-

C\ -,

l'-

CO

t--

N

,O-ct

€9d=

o

{€sJ

'2,

>,o

-

<

3

aa

-

3

|l€-<s

=v

f I ix

F

>a U

€

<

i

=

=-o

-^-

IF

oF

iJq

Its

J

t--

-

:€o

i:oq

Yd

:,,'=

-H;

l5

e:.eJadL

e

'odVx.r

ewarJtrJ

l4

i

+

t'-

I

_l_

6l

I

o.+ooro<),llro€co

O.)

ai)

at

C-.1

cD ar)

(')

:

' '

6I

-

6l

[arseuor

orrJH

h

BEoss voJ

H.I.loHVoxodrJrqg

rHanlrHQO€o

X

.

Hu9|/go

'Iu

nragd{r

guHainedg

aron

-eh geHxatsasxdI

I

c/.vr'lD

nHngd{r troxoid

UnHHatsas

HdU

r/.w

(HD)

eD

(erorex

ehsYou)

nxagd,ir troxf,e

d

Htthl

r9()

'u

6Atl

-ameds

erorJe

h

.r

s

S

rmt-6+ttta6

cl)

I

C)

I

O O)

O)

I I

O)

|

c,-,

rl\

\l@-

.-

.a,j5r\r,,

co_

I

co_

J)-

c)_

I

cs3

-O

vl-

-l

:")

-

O

I

tO

O

N

if.-

aa-.j?rl:

I

"^l

Y

v

r.

;'€

t'

:o ,'\ f--

3 !

t

p:S

r

.g

S

=:

3

Lo ro

-

La

F-

=

if:J

O^

s f 3

*

i

E

s3

X

Se

"

=3

cc

a"-r

-

x

7

x

)c

q)

?

(u

u-)-

?--^

13_

::,

= = S

93

?3

13

4

i_-

I

i

I

i

I

i

,

p>

i

l;';

Y

-

:t

-+

-rJf

;::

c.

--art--

c)r-_jojqci

a

6.1 ar

F.-

N

=il^iiia^-;

i

'-

*

^t

+rje +qi it = i=

ieYci3

5i

=?i =

i?

=?;i

:

=

I

=3ii3E;i;:€5 *3lr

F:€

E =!; E =i;

+-: ,iF

=

aj

Yr

=

il,

;:i5:s55

;35riiiFEis€?

;F3

,-a

:1=

!

E

i

i=

vF<-

L;

o

L-.o :r

arva^-

:i:=-.i

lrl

'1cr

elarox

oL

-ar'oged

drar,reuf,'

,n

'd;7

,,

*"

-tar'rad

doucH

r*

'(-g)

ditir

alt

u

y<ad

(KoHtoleH)

noH

-un9da,.r.

a

doueH

v

llLar.)rr)rrlro

tt9v59v

tgr

'(*,v)

dr',v

xexrx<ad (xox

-totreH)

FaoHHH9

'ddl

g qrroHtnow

o"'

'9

HarJeuor

EHOITTCH

ITOJ{

etedeuuz

oJalnorutrggduex

gHnxAdlfHov

6Fg^s

9

-r{=

./r

O

q

=X

a

c(rJ

6

+l-

6

F-

+tf)cO-F-.o

r,qHHQd,{r

eEoss

trol

9,/o'U,

(HHmquogleH)

nHHgd,(r

'v

u

')l

dl-t

rlt

g

H.{drt,{dJ.a,{et{E

x

ef,erox oJahoged

ed

-ra9{eHv

aHHamoHJo

HrJOHlnOhl

LloH

-qreHt{t{oH

HdU';{

'drJp,

H,tdJr

draneu!'

grt}!'!O

'(Isv)

3s,

(eruor

oJoHtro)

IqHttgd,it

ctlo HEox

odrr

m

g

r,,.,*

(iD)

D

oo*

-Jed

;'lcIrHJtrag

ttou)

rqHHgd,(J.

vOrJJd

r,',"

'(lr)

u

GLIL

-f,Ph

gB!il{afaattdu}

g

lrt+,;rnida 9!o"t3tir

I

tt

'tO

FtH;rgd.i-L ?JaL'oY

o.:arogcd

d.lalrrltf'

,*

'dH

ru

nHrar' led

dou

e

p1

d{l

rg

!v

-"-.v

nuilgd,ir

qrJoHmo!V

\

F

li

ao

rr)

t--

aa

c!

_-.al

-

cO-

-:.1

@co

u-)

3

.&

6l

;

l_'sY

r^

- r- a

F-r--

r-

=

N

n

x

r'-- O

O

t\

t\<

-

(--

F|H

-rrgd,ir

JrxahsH€ogg

!

JCJ

aore:adLe

orrn6

?(i

al v

+l c'l

al

:a

:oto

c\*

:z'z

6t-

i5

=

-a E

i

3

3.

;i

e=;

5-

=

1"

5

i

I ;t)=='=

;

,i

gil

i-'i:

313;*';

f 1 i

'.1

5=o

:

9:

I

-^'5

E=-:

g

i,='ii.i

:?83i=

<

= i

z a

-; =9:,:-a=

=.i

3-ii

22'-:

I

- 1iE= i

=;=J

,d5<

,,3,

,,:,i=g:5=;=€i'

s

oa

l-F

>o

F

l6

3

F

€

a

.:

--

c3

--

! tr!

v-

vt -

:

-a

.,Zi

ai2

i>

e

-.t

j-,

jJ>

>q:

::a

-l=

I

J^

a

=

E_

?

a::

€::

>::

: I

",

=:Ei

=:=9

€

t.-G

€E=

^,otZ

I::

;

H- ln

€

Bropoe

Nrecro

3aHr.rNraror

npHN{eHfleMbre

B

ycraHoBKax

pycroBblX

f3C

ocesute

noBoporHoj'IonacrHbte

rHIpoTyp6HHbI.

OHrt

6y,fry

npHlleHqTbcfl

npH Hanopax

Ao

40-50

lt

H npH elr{Hr4qHoft

vrour,HocrH

Ao

100

}lBr

14 6oJ'Iee.

LHaroHa;rbHble

noBo-

porHo,tonacrHbre

r!'p6HHbr,

nor)'qHBtrr{e

npH}reHeHHe

B

noc.leAHHe

20 J-ier,

6y.Iyr

npHNleHflrbcfl

np, Hinopax

40-150

l'r.

OHH

nepcreKrHBHbl

raKxe

B KaqecrBe

o6pa-

Ttrlrbrx

fll,lpoNIauliH,

Hcnoeb3ye!{blx

npl{

Hanopax

50-150

n.

fopli:oHraJbHbre

KancyrbHbre

ryp6rrHbr

B_

nocrex,HHe

AecqrH,lerLIr

txtipoKo

!tcno,tb3yrorcq

Ha

HH3KoHanopHbrx

p)'cJ'IoBbl.X

f3C

u npH"iiHBHo-oT.lllBHblX

3,leKTpo-

craHrlHflx

(rcC),

r1e

oHrr Haiixyr

IajTbHetiuree

pa3Burtte.

OHH

fiBJfliorcr

e.ll'lHcrBeH-

Hot.i

ctrcreMoii

oceBbrx

roptr30Hrs;'tbHtr.x

ryp6lrH,

Koropafl

llcnoJb3,vercfl

B

KaqecrBe

06parltNlbtx

rtt,1.po\taulllH.

Oruocure.rbHo

Ira,roe

npn)reHeHrre

s

CCCP

t{}rercT

KoBtuoBble

rHrpor,vp6l'iHbl,

qro

066flcHflercfl

CpdBHHTe;1bHo

\ta,TbtNI

qiic":lo\l

llX nepcneKTllBHbIX

)"cTaHoBoK.

'I-^<-

I O I A ^^^-.Da6rrrr D v^^rr^r^nrruo.L-n\r rla\nq'IKp tI l2tf)T ROi\1O/i{HOCTb

.td\-/!1.

l.:-l.V

lVVlqDllwrlur

'^"f

"4"-

npoc"'re-lrrrb

ocHoBHbre

reH.leHULrri

B

pa3Bnrun

coBpe\teHHbt.\

ril.lpor.vp0llH:

ncBbtlile-

11i,a

*.

n.

-1.

rr

Sslcrpo.ro:Hocrn,

npoJBLtx(eHHe

SoJee

6blcrpo.\o-lHblK

cl'rcre\t

B 06.lacTb

notsbr

uleHribl.\

I{anopoB,

\'Be.:1 ttqeHIIe

pa3\tepoB

ll I'ioLLI.HOCTIi.

rr^^--

n^^;iaA'.r/rrD.or'.r

a

nrlr--IA-liJIIp

:lpr-ti-fil.1eTllfi.

ilUbbiLllCfllLc

r!' ll.

.-j'.

r\UP\JLLIV

rrPUL'trarruo!r!/r

Harr6o.rblxt{e

3HaqeHttff

K. n.

f,.,

.locrllrH}'Tbte

B

noc"le-lHl(e

Io;Ibt,

B IieKoropbl'\

TlnaX

palrra.tbHO-OCeBbtx

rvp6t*r

H

HeCKO.lbKo

-\iCTi.i-raiOiiiii.\

irii

nOBOpoTItO'lon3CT-

Hbl.\,6"ltl3Kll

Ii nDe-l,e-'lbHo

Bo3\to)*<Hbtll.3a.1.aqeii

coeperteHi{o[o

rll'lpor\-p6ocrpoe-

Htrq

qBJfercfl

J,ocrtixeHle

\raKCt{}ta,tb,Hbt.\.3HaqeHllii

Bo BCe-\

nptl\{eHfle}tblK

citcre-

tla.\

!{ T}lna.\

T!'p6tlH

C,le.rasni-,re

BbrBo.lbr

06

)'\reHbuleHrrrr

pa3\{epoB

tt

!-.fe"-lbHoil

\laccbl

c

pocro\t

6urcrporo:Hocrtt

tr

HanopoB

\opotuo

nojlTBep)+.-l.arorcfl.

npllqe\t

B

pa3Biirlltt

6stcrpo-

\o-lHocrn

oreqecrBeHHoe

rtr-lpor)'p6ocrpoeHIre

Illteer

++att6o.rsultte

-Iocrll;'KeHtlt{

rra6"r

I l-f

5)

Pocr

rcraF{oB.teHHoii trou{Hocrn

flB.rr{ercfl

xapatirepHoii

TeHleHitlleil

coBpe\teH-

Hsrr

f3Xl.

Hapn:r'c

3Ttr\r

Ha6.trc^taercrr

pocr ei.riHt{r-{Hbl\

}loluHocreii

arpei-aroe'

fnaea

II

K

O HC

TP

YK

II

H

T H,A.POT

YPE

HH

H

HX

YCTAHOBK

H

A II I Oroatre RcnmuKaJtbHble u

nOsopOtnH.OlLOnACfnHbce

y

,t.t.

--f

-----',

zudpornyp6uuot

u

ux

YcffIaHoBKu

Oceerie

rHtrpory'p6Hirg

IicnoJb3yloTcfi

sPl

HlI3KHx

Hanopa-X,

rAe

ocHoBHbllll

Tpe5ys115y11

xaqeCtsntt

flBiqeTcg

BblcoKan

6rtcrpoXoAHocTb'

HcropuuecXu

oHl{

"b"n"ao

KaK 6ur

3aBepueHHeM

B

pa3BLlrHH

6ntcTpoxoAHblx

THnoB

paAHaJbHo-

rrrn6rlu

\JL(:DDTA

r

J

Pv.rrr.

B

lgl2

r.

qe[rcKHM

npoQeccopoM

B.

Kanaaxolt

6u;to

3anareHroBaHo

oceBoe

pa6oqee

Kor't€CO

C

paAllaJbHo

pacnOnOXeHHbiN(H

.l9nacTflM6

I.1 C

Hapyx{HbIM

o6OAoNt'

oKa3aBueecfi

peKo'p-,frbiM

no

bor.rpo*o4HocTn-

V Hero

ft,

:

1000

o6htrH

n

Qi

:

2,0

Nr3/c,

TorA"

"*l*l

a"uol,r

6srctpoxoAublx

paAHaJbHo-oceBbIX

Ko.'Iec

Qi

coctaa-

,'rflr'ro

1,5

iuit/c.

O:saxo

ero

pa6ovafl

xapaKTepHcrHKa

HMe'la

THnHr{Hyto

A':Iq

npo-

nuii.pno,x

ryp6HH

y3Kylo

3oHy

BbtcoKHX

3HaqeHHIl

K.

n'

.q'

flpo4onxafl

pa6ory

HaI 3TtiMH

Ko,leca\fH, Kun"u"

o6HapyXlirl,

t{To

onTni!{yrl

K'

n'

A'

Ha

npOnen"IepHblX

pa6or{HX

XapaKTept{cTHKax

c\leqaeTcfl

no

pacXOIaltI

npH

H3MeHeHHH

yr'[a

ycTaHOBKH

ironacreir

pi6oveio

Kovt€c?,

l'i

y

Hefc

Bo3HllKJa

HAefl

co3laHHfl

noBopor*oJioflacr-

Hoft

ryp6riHtr

(cr.r.

plrc.

I.l,

a),

y

Koropoil

o6of

orcyrcrByer

Li

;''oil?crH

noBopaqli-

BarcTCf

B COOTBeTCTBHTT

c

oTKpbiTlIfiMH

HanpxBr'Ifitoulefo

annapaTa

no

KoM6HHaTgp-

HOH

3aBHclrlrocTr{.

Tarcaq

Typ6HHa

H}t

6blna

pa3pa6oTaHa

H 3anaTeHTOBaHa

B 19i6

r'

Ocenas

noBopoTHo,loIlsCTHafi

rHApoTyp6HHa,

o6'1alaq

BL{coKoft

6ucrpoxoAHocTblo'

B To xie

Bpeltfl

HMeeT

noxoryto

pa6oqyro

XapaKrepHcTHKy

H

BblcoKHe

cpeAHeB3Be-

rxeHHbre

3HaqeHrif

K.

n.

.{.

orxprtrue

KoM6HHaTOpirofi

3aBHCHMOCTH

t4

CTaBUIee

Bo3Mo1xHbtlt

npHMeHeHHe

pa5Oueio

Ko.,'Ieca

C

nOBopOTHbIMH

r'loIIsCTfMlt

fiBr'InFOTCfl

KpynHeiilurIllH,r,ocrH)KeHHfiMH

rHIporyp6ocrpoeHHfi

B

XX

B'

''B

KpynHoM

fHJporyp6ocrpoeHHH

npore,lfl€pHble

Typ6HHbI

npHMeHqor

cpaBHH-

Te.nbHO

peAKO,

,IHLUb

B

yCTaHOBKaX,

O6OpyfoBaHHuIX

6O"IbUIHM

qnC.rIOM

arpefaTOB

c Ma,'rbir;H

Kone6aHptfiMH

Hanopa,

i'Le

HX

Mo)KHo tr.[HTeJIbHo

HcnoJIb3oBarb

np-H

Y9uI-

Hocr*,

6,rH3Koft

K onrHrvraJrbHofi.

CroHnlocTb

nponennepHbtx

ryp6HH

Ha

25-3090

ilteHbrrre

cToHMoCTH

nOBOpOTHOIOn&CTHbIX,

HO

npH

nepeMeHHbIX

Harpy3Kax

noTepn

OT HeAoBbIpa6oTKH

3IeKTpo3HeprHH

B

HHX

He

oKynapTcg

cHH1xeHHeM

KannTaflbHblK

3aTpaT,

nogTOMy

HX

npHMeHeHHe

cTaHOBHTcfl

HeBb[roAHbIM"

KpoMe

TOro'

npH

qacTnq-

Hblx Hafpy3Kax

oHH

pa6oraloT

HecnoKoftHo'

Oco6exHocrH

noBopoTHononacTHblx

Typ6HH

OTMeqeHbITB

npeAblAylqeft

qacTH

*Vp.u-fgg,

49l.-Cxeua

nporocHoft

qacrg

aHaJIor'q'a

nporotlHoft

cacr'

npoflenneP-

Hu.x

ryp6Hn

(cu.

pn..

I.i,

a).flpn

Hanopax

Io

30-40

M

B t{Hx

npHMeHRIor

nony-

o.*pr,rl,a

6erouHue

cnnpanbHbl.e

KaMepb,I_g

JaBpoBblMI{

ceqeH}'InMH

H

HanpaBnq-

puHft

annapar

"".oto;'bo:

(O,lS+-0,45)

Dy,

a

npn

Hanopax

cBbllxe

40

tvt

-

KaK npaBtL-Io,

MeTaiIIHqecKHe

cnHpanbHble

KaMepbI

noJIHOfO

oxBaTa

c

KpyrnblMH

ceqeHHflilrH

H

HanpaBnffIoqHfr

annapaT

BblcoToH

0o

:

(0,3+-0,35)

Dr'

PalrtanbHblft

nanpaeanrcuIHft

annapar

pacno,TaraeTcq

BoKpyr

KaMepbI

pa6oqero

Kofleca'

Ha

BXOAe B

KOTOpyto

npoHcxoAHT

nOBOpOT

H 3aKpyrKa

noroKa',

nocrynarculeno

Ha

rona-

crH

pa6oqero KO./'IeCa.

l8

Eo,rluoe BillirHHe Ha

rHApoAHHaMHqecKHe

KaqecrBa

ryp6HHbI

il

ee

6ucrpoxoA-

Hocrb

oxa3brBaer

qHcJo

JIo[acreI;I

z, Hx

orHocuTer'rbuafi

uHpHHa

Incllw.

(orHoueHue

A,'urHbr

nepuQeprrfiHorl

rporvrKH ;ronacrr

lncK

r.[ary

Ha

nepHQepHtt

/*.)

H

orHoueHHe

AuaMerpa

Kopnyca

d*oo

(crynuubr)

K

AHaMerpy

pa6ouero

KoJ'Ieca

Dr,

xoropoe

Ha3bI-

Banr

BTydtor{Hbl!{ orHouleHueM

(Br

:

d*orlDr.

B xopnyce

co

cQepHr{ecKHM

noficoM,

HMetotqr-rM

gan60;rruree

npHMeHeHHe, r.xe Hatr6o,rlbtrlilM

pa3NrepoI\1

flBiifleTCff

AHaMerp

cQepbr

d.6, BT|,'roqnbrrl

xosQQuuneHT onpeAe,'rqercfl

KaK

no

qu,'lHHApy(u,

:

dunlD

r,

TaK

H

nO CQepe r(.o

:

dr6lD,. llpH

yBe!,rnqeHr*1

z

vt

In.ll-,

yMeHbuaercfi

KaBHTa-

uHoHHbrrl

xoe@HudeHr ryb6HHbr

oryp

H HecKoJbKo cHHlKaercfl

K. n.

,1.

(na-3a

yBe-

r'rHrreHHs

o6reraevofi rroBepxHocrH).

fipu

noesrureHHH

Hanopa o.yp

)-Be,iurruBaercq.

CreAoBare"rlbHo"

tlTo6bl

yAoBJe-

TBOptrrb

ycroBlrr.o

ou.,

)-

Kooryp

npr.r 3aAaHuu.x

l/,

H

Ko,

npHxoAHTcfi

yBe"'IHqH-

BaTb Z 17

l"ct [.,i.

lHa\teTp

KOpnyCa npH npH-

--:-\

z--:---r

),!eHeHIir{

6c.:su:ero

(ric.Ta

ronacreir

','tj;;..;i";

f-\.

r

.2"'-i*|

ll

\Y\. i //r

l;l"l

HHII

Harpy3oK raK)Ke rpHxoAnrcq

)'Be,tHerr-

| I I tr\\\

',

li/ i I l-"1

Barb. 3To npuBo.trrr

K

vBeiruqeHHr,o

roruruHbr

U/

\l)_/.;,

ill

U

I

Barb

z A

I,cll.r.

lluarrerp

Kopnyca npH npH-

-

Tl1---.\

L-lJ

'

rl+-->i

l

"ronacreri

H

Jp)'i-irx

3.lelteHToB,

Ko"leca,

a c"'ie-

,

;

i--,.=ll t

i

an

r.frrr

rrn r' .116.\i,5urrrn n^Tn

L'"

rr,Be"lliqelllilc I t

,

/ \

\

AvuqrLrrullvr

r\

livLirurrlrrv

rrvrvr\qt

,

I ; /

,'-.9,4.

.

I

cKopocrir

u

KaBlirauHoHHofo

xoeQQHuueHra,

tI-

-IttsT-"

LA ) . I

'vreFibiijeHiiio

K. n.

r.

i.i

npHBereHHoro

pacxoAa.

ij

i iii\\*#fiii- \

flosrorrv

o6ecneqeHue

Haur{eHbrrrrx 3Haqe-

tl

i\i'i.\,/lli

\

Hl{Li

.KBr

nr'rH

"(.6

sB,tflercr o-lHoii

rr3 ocHoBHbr.K

l--Tlf\y

y']

| \

renresquli BKoscrpvrrpoBaHur{ noBoporHoJ'ro-

/ il\

|

,1il \

nacrHbrx

rvp6rrri.

B'CCCP no.ryqeHbr HarrlieHb-

I

1

lr\r--l Il

I

\

urte

3HaqeHlrq Br\'.roqHofo orHoueHrrn

(*r.

/

i

li+#t]

I |

\

ra6"t. 1.2).

'

tt'4'il

Karrepa

pa6oqero

Ko;'I€cr

cnoco6crB)'er

':-TFr

Qoprrtrposarniio

noroKa

B

30He

Ko.:teca. oHa

puc.

II.l.

C.reva

npc

r.lruP.\llIl,,uI'erlnn-., riurur\d

n .Junc ^u,lcLd. utld

PftC. II.l.

C.feVa

npOTOqHOfO

TpaKTa

nO-

3aKaHqttBaercfl

rop.-icBttHoii

ga

Bl(o.le B Ko-

BoporHoronacrHbr\

pa6ounx

Koflec

pa3'

HHqecK.VTO

qacTb

OrCaCHeaIOUeLi rp

1'6sr.

B

lnqsoft

6uctpoxo;l,Hocrn

CCCP

lralrerp

i-op.roBr{Hbr npLIHflr

o;trrHaKo-

BbtNl

.fJfl

BCe.\

rrrnog

nI Ko.lec,

ero

onrH\{a.'tbHoe

3HaqeHHe

D

roo

:

0,973D

l"

Kax

noKa3a.rrr

ucc.le.toBaHrrfl,

yBe"lHqeHH€

Drop npriBorlHT

K HeKordpolty

cHHiKe-

HHlo

q,

a

ylteHbueHire

-

K Bo3pacraHrno

o.,,.

HeKoropbre

pa3llepbl

nporoquoro

TpaKTa,

peKorreH.l):e\rbre

HoM€HKr'rsrvpori, noiliau"r, Ha

pHc.'ll.l, a

vx

3HaqeHHfi

.taHbr

e ra6;. ILl.

B oceeHx rnlpor!'p6HHax

to.rfl

BoccraHaB,rlreaenotl 3a

paSoqHM

Koi-Iecoil{

3Hep-

rl(H

cocraBJ'rfler or l0

-lo

459'6

u aospacraer

no \{epe

yBeJnqeHHt 6btcrpoxoAHocrll,

no3Tolry

B Hlt.\ Heo6.ro.lHlro

npHrreuflTb

orcacbrBapqlre

rpy6bl,

o6ecnel{HBarcuHe

rocraroqHo

cnoKor-iH,y-io

pa6or,v

lr HMerculne r(o3QQHuHeHT BoccraHoBneHHq

1,o,

)-

>-

0,75,

r{To

coorBercrByer

Bbicore llo.,

)-

2,3Dr. I-lptrrreHeuHe

orcacuBarcuillK

Tpy6

c NreHbueli earcoroft ho.

,

ee4er K

norepqM K. n.

I.

(lo

2%

a rpy6ax

c

he.1 -(

-<

2,0Dr.

VeelH.reHHe

fto.

r

BeJ,er rc Heo6xoAHMocrH

6oasruero

3arn!6.r-I€HHfi

no.no-

uBbr

QyHAaMeHra

(crr. pHc.

I.3),

yee,rHqeHHro

o6telra BbreMKx

rpyHTa

H3

Kor,,'IoBaHa

H

croHMocrn crpoHTeJrbHbrx

pa6or.

I-lo

grofi

npnqnHe rJry6HHa

H3orHyrbtx

orcacbl-

Baroqux

rpy6

orpaHHqHBaercfi 2,6Dr;

npsMbre KoHH'{ecKHe

rpy6bl

B

noBoporHo-

,qonacrHbix

rvp6uuax

He

nDHrvreHfliorcfl.

llporouHtrri

tpaxr noBoporHo.rtoirscrHofi ryp6HHur npoeKrllpylor

reoMerpHr{ecKH

noAo6HbrM

TpaKTy

rworer'ruHorl

ryp6rHrr

3Tofo

rnna.

K

yHnaepca,rsnoft

xapaKTepH-

cTr{Ke

npHnararor

c.\evar!{qHufi

qepre)K,

Ha Koroporvr

yKa3bIBaCIT

pa3Mepbl

3.[eMeH-

ToB

nporoqHbrx

qacreii

r{cnbrraHHoft

vore,rH.

3rH

pa3Mepbr, nepecqnTaHHbte

B

orHo-

ueHnn

DLryplDN,

cxytfiar HcxoAHbrMH

npH npoeKTHpoBaHHrr

ryp6nHsr.

YcraHoexll

noBoporHoJronacrHblx

ryp6nn npt{ Hanopax

Ao

40 u

npHMeHrror

^[;'Ir

pycJ''IoBblx

f3C.

Taxas

ycraHoBKa

noKa3aHa Ha

pnc.

11.2.

I9

Орго В.М. Основы конструирования и расчета на прочность гидротурбин

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.