Николаев В.А. Ландшафтоведение. Эстетика и дизайн
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
4aCTb
III.
naH,QWa¢THOe
"Ct<yCCTBO
PHC
.
35
. n
cfIJa)l(
IlOJU1HbI
p.
r
aYJI
co
CKaJlaMI1
IlJ
Jq)aCHOl{8CTHOro neC
'I
aHH-
K8.
(J1aTUIfJl,
I
laUilO
HllJIb
Hblit
napK
r aYR)
'lHH
, MblCOB
11
3MIIB013
Ha
03epax
H
npynax
H
e06
b14
afiHO
06ora
w:aCT
ncfIJa)KHYIO
KaPTlfHY
neconapKa.
npHllJIeK3TCJlbHbI
33JleceHHble
OCT-
paBa.
Orp3
)KeH
He
6eperoBbIX
nC
li
Ja)Ken B JepKaJ1e BOD.oeMa Y.lI,BaHBaeT
JCTeTlI'lCCKHH
3(P<r>eKT.
n0
3
TIf
t
iHO
BblrnJl,IUIT n
n3
KY'H1C
HBbI,
CKJlOHCH-
Hble
Han. BOD.otL
npl16pe)l{HblC
nCCHbiC HaCa;tUICHIHI HC
.llOn)l{Hbl
6b
lT
b
CrtlTOllIHblMJ!.
Me)K1lY
HlIMIJ
He06xo
.llllMbi
pa3phlBbI
nyroBhlX
nonJiH
It
JleCHblX
nporanUH,
rtlTaHllpoBKa
KOTOPbJX
ylUJ3bJBaCTC~
C
pac
n
onmK
c-
HHeM
6eperoBbiX
Bl
tHOBbiX
TO'lCK
"
OTKPblBa
lOllI
lIMIICJI
nc
AJa)f(
HblMU
nCpCnCKTIf
BaMH.
1
40
B
PMC
JleCOnapKOB
Cnem1~1II4eCKYJO
3CTCTH'l.CCKYIO pOJIb
I1
rpaCT
M
ilp
KaMHefl
II
CKafJ.
CKonnCHlUl
KpynHblX
I33.I'YHOIJ, KaMCHHCThIC
rJlbi-
6
b1
If
HarpoMO)l(!l,CHI1H, CKaJUtCTble
06p
blBb
l npUD.31OT
nciba)K)'
'lCp'Thi
nepOOlUaHH
OCTH. H x YMCJiOC OCBOeHHe B
D.
I
IJaJlIlc
060cTpHeT
3CTeTI
I-
4CCKOC
BOCJlP
I
1~T
ll
e
Jl3H
llwa¢"ra.
flpl1lta
eT
eMY
HOBbie,
IIc06b1'IaHHWC
rpa
H"
BII,llCHIUI. 8
Ka'
lCCTBe
npli
McpoB
Ha
naMJJTb nplfXOJISlT:
3KJOTH-
tleC
KIIA
AnynKIiHCKUif
xaoc
B
KpblMY,
3
11
aMC
IHl
Thle
.CTon6
bl
.t noD.
KpacHoHpcKOM,
CKaJnICThfC
6epcrollblc
yrecblD.OJIIIHbl
p.
raYH
B
OAHO-
1
1MC
HH
OM
H
aUIIO
HaJ1bHOM
napKc
(J
JaTBJHI)
(Pl1c
. 35),
rpynna
MaCCJ.1D-
HblX
6YPO-KpaCHbiX
CKaJ1,
'l.Cpen.OH
CTOHlllHl(
H ypo4111l{C
)l)!(CTbl-OJ)'3
(CeM
b 6b1KO
B)
B
ropax
THHb
-
WaHu
(y
IOro-BOCTO
'lHOIt
OKpallHbI
I1c-
CbIK-
KYJl
bCKOH
KOTnoB
IIHbI)
. n
opoH
BOJIHYCT
lla)!(e
np"KOCHOBCHn
e K
OmOJll-lpoBaIIHOn
TBepD.lI r
paHlfTHOrO
BaJlYHa,
np
lll
tCCCHHOro D.peB-
HIIM
nc
nm
lKOM
B
HaWIi
KpaH
H3 n3J1CKOIl
CKaHJl}lHaBllll.
1
..
ho
K3caCTCR
06ycrpoficrna
JlCCOn3pKOB
MBnblMIl
apXmeKl)
'p
Hbl-
Mll
¢OPM3MII
(CKaMhlIM
J.1
,
HanecaMII,
6eccJ].KaMII H
IlpyntMlt
YKpblT
H-
JlM
H),
TO
3J1oynoTpe6JlCH
II
H
EeCb
HC)!(CJiaTCJihHhL
0HO
,llOJDKIlO 6b1Tb
CTpOro
Orpa
m1
4eHHblM
II
MaKCIIMan
bHO
rapMOHH'l
Hbl
M C
Jl
aHD.W
a
~)T
HhlM
OKp}')t:eHl1eM.
CnClI,yeT
H36eraTb
CTaHllapTHblX
pelUClli1fi
KaK
B
KOHCTpYKUHII MaJl
blX
apXHTeKTYpHhlX
<PoPM, T
aK
U
pacnoJlo;.;::emm
IfX
Ha
MCCTHoc.'TU. B OOJlbllHIHCTBe CJJY'JaCB
3TII
aHTponOrCIiHblC
3JleMCHTbl
JlCCOnapKa paJMcU{alOTCJI
Ha
rWOlU
MKaX
C XOPOWHM
netiJa:lKHblM
06-
3OpoM
(pIIC
.
36).
9.3.
,[\H3ai1H
ropoACKoro
naHAWa<jJTa
n
porpeCC
.IP
YlOU{a~1
ypGaH"JaU
lfJl -
OltHa
113
HaJlOOnce
HPKO
BbI-
pa)!(CHHb
IX
TeHJ1C
IIUHH
COBpeMC
H~I
O
I
't
aH
Tpon
ore
'iHoil
31J0JllOU
IU
l
JlaH-
n.wa¢THoil
C(»ePhi
3eMJlII.
lob
BCCX
1l
3BCCHlblX BHll.OB PYKOTBOPHblX Jl3H-
nwa¢"roa
ropo
nCK
Ii
C OTJIII'i3IOTCH
Hall60JlbUlCrl
npe06p
aJOBa
HH
OCThIO
IICXOD,HOII
np
l
1poJIbl.
Eutc B
CCpenHHe
XIX I
.lCKa
K.
Pl
fITCP
nll
can
0
n a
plI)Kc
:
.3m
T8Koe
'IY
D.O
BHlUC - KPYTTlibl
il
ropon!
TaKoi'!
MI1pooofl
roPOD. S!"BJlJleTC"
"CKycCTIJCHHeHUll-IM
rtpO.nyKTOM
HCTOPIIII,
3TO -
ca-
M
hi
"
Il
CK)'CCTBeHHblH nJlOJl, K
OTOPhlij
HOCUT
3CMJUI!.
HHTCpeCIIO,
"TO
6bl
OH CKaJaJl 0
conpcMCHHblX
McranonllC3x,
HaC'lIlTbUlalOW:IIX
10-15
II
60JlcC
MllJlJlI-IOH08 >KIITCJiciL
MIIOTIIC
113
H
Il
X
npC
Jl,CTallJlSlIOT nOJlH-
$YHKUlfOHaJ1hHble
rc03KOC\1CTCMbl CCJiHTC6HOro,
MMlt
H'ICTpaTllBHO
-
ro,
KYJlhTYP
Ii
OrO, n
poMhl
l
UJlC
HHOro
,
Tpa
Hcn
opnloro
Ha3
1
13
'l.eHIHI.
06ec-
ne'UlBaSI Hc06xOD.UMhiC yenoBIIS!"
runt
npo)I{JH18I11IH, Tpy,nOOOH
3<lH"TO-
cnl,
Y'lc6b1
,
KYJlbTypHoro
" MC.QHUHHCKOro
06cn)')KItIJ8HItH,
OTllblxa
141
4aCTb III. naHAUJacpTHoe
~CKYCCTBO
PHC.
36.
6ece
,llKa
11
01.(
maJlbSlHCKoA
COCHOti
- O,ll
Ha
H3
BIlD,OBbIX
TO'leK
HHKmcKoro
6oTaHH'lCCKOro
cana
(KpblM)
ropO>KaH.
Yp6aHII3HpoBaHHblC
TCpPHTOpI-Hf
Ja
HHMalOT B H
aCTOJUUCC
Bpet.UI
HC
6o.ncc
4%
cywlt
3CM
.n
I1
. B
TO
)KC
llpeMR
B HHX COCpeJlOTO'lCHO
OKOJlO
70%
JeMHOro
HacenCHmr.
CoapcMcHHblC
ropo)la
H H
OB
bJ
C KBaPTaJlbI
CTap
"tHHblX
rop
OllOB,
B031l0JlHMblC MCTOJlOM
THnOOO11
3acTpotlKII,
6C3JlHKIt H
oJIHoo6pa3Hbl.
3crC
Tl1Ka
ux
06mtKB
,
KaK
npaBlIJl
O,
KpafiHc
6ellHa,
a BH3YaJIbHafi
cpena
roMo
rc HHa
It
arpCCCHBHa 1
94].
H a nCIIXHJcy
4eJlaBeKa
aHa
,ll
CH-
CToye-r
yrHc
n uo
LU
C.
TOMY
CCTh
nOllTBep)t(JleHmr
co
CTOpoHbl Me.IDIUHH-
CKOn CTa
TIt
CTIlKIl
.
l1
MCHHO B
Kp
yml
bl
X
cospeMe
l
-tH
hlX
ropo,aax
¢I!KCII-
14
2
rna
ea 9. IlaHAWacpTHblliI
A~Ja~H
pYeTCJl.
Hall6o.n.hwe
c "Hf
CJIO
nCH
XH'lCCKHX
paccrponCTB
nnnQTb
no
CyH-
liH)la.
Ewe
H.
B.
reTC
nOD,MeTHn,
'lT
O
«8
nnoxo
ycrpoeHHOM
ropoJle
06HTaTCJIII,
ca,.111
TOro
He
nOD,03peBaJl.,
npe6hmalOT
n
nyCTbIHC
CYM-
pa'IHoro
CylllCCTBOBaHIUl
•.
flaH./lw
a
$'rHhlR
JIlIJafiH
ropo.aa
rrpl13BaH
HciiTP
3J'"
lOBa
Tb
3TO
HC-
raTH
BHoe
SO=mCHCTB
II
C
nyreM
3CTeTH'lCCKOro
o6orameHlUl,
y6paHCTBa
Blt
3yanb
HoH
ropo,llCKOn
Cpcllbl.
np
u
nOM
rnaBHoe
B
HHM
a
HIt
C YlleJ1S1eT-
CfI
OT
KpblTblM
HCJaCTpoeHllbiM
npocrpaHt."TBaM:
JCn
eHblM
HaCa)l(ll.em1-
JIM, BOD,HblM
06beK
TaM, 3aMOI,UC
HHhlM
TePPIITOPU}(M.
I1
x
npoeK
T
Hpo-
BaHItIO
nOCB}(weHO
HeMaJlO TPY)lOB
JlaHJlWa¢rHbIX
apxmCKTOpOB
[19,
21
,8
3,92
«np
.].
n
OC
pellCTBOM
J
Uf3aflH3
CQ3)IaCTCSI
He
06xo.l
HfMoC
pa3Hoo6pa3J.1C
roponcKoro
naH,ll;W
a¢rr'd;
er
o
CTpYJCT)
'
pa
H3C
blULaCTCR
npH
po,ltHblMI
I 3nc-
MCHTaMII,
¢1l3~IOJlOnltleCKJI
1-,
3MO
U,lIOHaJl'bHO pallCTBeHHbIMJ.1
'leJIOBe-
KY.
Ma
CWTa6HOCTb
ropo
llC
Koro
nClIJa>Ka
cr3HOBHTCfI
6o.nee
aHTpOn-
HOH.
aero
BJ,13yaJIbHoe
Bocnpm
r
mc
)locrynHblM
C BbiCOThI
ccrecrne
H-
HOro
'1eJ10BellCCKOro paCTa.
CyweCTBYCT
Hcpa
3
PblBHWI
CWl3b
Me>Klly 1I3
H,llllla¢THblM
,llIIJathIOM
H 3KOJlOrnlJCCKI1M
06yc-rpotiCTBOM
ropo
,lla. n p
Hmrro
C'lHT3Tb,
liTO
ro-
ponc
.
wA
3KOJlOnl<leCKJlfl t<aPK3C,
nOMlfMO
Co6cTBeHHO
cpelloo6pa3Y-
1011U1X
11
npHpo.aooxpaHHblX
cPYHKUHA,
06f1JaH
pewaTb
Ja.ctallllllHJaA-
Ha.
n0
3TOMY OJenCHCHl1e
ropo.na,
CQXpallCHlIe
CCTeCTBeHHblX H
crPClH-
TCllbCTBO
HOBblX
BOD,OCMOB
Bccr,ll3
pacUeHHBaeTCJl
C
n03HUHtt
JlBye,llI1HCTBa
3KMonm
J.l
3C
TeTIiKM
(pIi
C.
37).
B
na~THOH
apltMTeKType "p1HATO
pa3/l"'~Tb
HecKonbKo Hepar>-
Xl1'oIeCKI1
conoA"iHHeHHbIX
ypoSHeH.
a.tJ"1'4
CT~
npoeKTHpoaaHHR.
KoDt<-
AbIH
H3
HHX OTJ1W"laeTCA CIIOIo1M
COCTaBOM
cpyHKLl,HOHanbHbIX
H
KOMno3H-
4I'IOHHbiX
npo6neM.
BolAenRIOTCR
CJ1e.AYIOL1\He
OCHOBHlo.e ypoefe,t"po-
eH'HpoaaHHR:
paMoHHall nnaH"'po8Ka, reHepanbHblH nnaH,
npoeKT
3eMenbHOH
nnaHHpoBKH
,
OTAenbHoe
apxa.1TeKTypHoe
coopy)l(eHHe
(06beKT).
Ha
CTa,D.HIi
paROHHOn
nnaHl1poBK
ll
p
a3paGa
TbIBaCTCH TCPPHTOPH-
BnhHblf'1
nnaH
BCero
pent
O
Ha
roPOllCKOf't a
rn
OMc
paUHlt,
BKJlI04lHJ
ce
naH.nIlla$THo-3KOnOfH'lCCKOC
OKPY)l(CHl1C.
HYKJICapHafi
reOCHCTCMa
KpynHoro
ropolla,
KaK
npaBHJlO,
<l>opt.ntPYCT
no
ncpH<t)epHH
pSUl.
(jJYH-
KUHOHaJlbHblX
3O
H, B TOM 'II1
CJJe
JleCOnapKOBbIH
Jall{HTHblfi
nORCo 4
ac-
TH'lHOC
BH
e.n
peHH
e nOCJle.LlHc
ra
B
'/epry
r
opo.na,
B
Baac
TaK
Ha3blBaC
-
MhIX
3CJIC
Hbl
X KJlJlHbeB - xapaKTCpHaSi
npH
MeTa
coBpeMeHHoA
yp6a-
IiJIJaUIfH
.
143
4aCTb
III.
flaH,QWa¢lTHOO
Io1Ct<yCCTBO
PMC.
37.
PC!),JlSlPHO-CIlMMeTPIl'IHoe
nOCTpOCHUe
napt
(Qooro
KOMnneKca
B
ucmpc
BaWIlHI'TOHa [no
61:
I -
KamITO
J
IHn;
2 - lie.nblJl ItOM; 3 -
na~tJrrllllK
nllHKOTIbHY; 4 - naM}lTHlfK Bl!WItH-
rrollY
; 5 - HaI.\ItOHMbll3S1
XYItO)l{CCTBeIflIMi
r
arrcpc}j;
6 - 3llalme
CCHaTa;
7
-lItallltc
n
MaTbi
npcJ(CTaBIfTeJ1eJl;
8 - ApJltlHfTOH
CKoe
KJlaJl6
lt
UlC
It MOrltJla
Hel1~BCCTIIOro
COlI·
JUITa.
; 9 -
liormltf'ICCKHil
can;
10
-
3(1113
OTllblxa
- HCT
nOToM
aK
napK
;
II
- flJIOIlta.llL
JIacpaiteT
-
CKBCp;
12 -
6YJlLo..1P
;
13
-
6Y
l
1bBaP
MaYfiT
BePHOII
;
14
-
napK
norm.faK;
15
- OCTpGH
P)'Jl3CllbTa
;
16
-
YOTCprcJlT
.
Co6c..TBCHHO
3KOJlOnl'
JC
CKI1II
KapKaC
ropona
pa3pa6all>IBaeTC~
B
paMKax
rCH
cp
an
bHOro
nnatia.
B
Hero
BKJUOlJaKlTCR
KaK
3JICMC
HTbl
CC-
recmcHHoro
naHJUua$T"cl, COXpaHI'fBUUlecSJ
npH
JaCTPOHKC, TIlK
II
cnc-
UllaJlbHO
COJJJ.aBaCMblC 3CJ1CHble MaCCHB
bl
If
BO,nOCMbJ.
H c06xOJ1.HMO
06eC
nelJ
lI
Tb
CJ.1CTeromyJO
UCJlOCTHOCTb
3KOnOrlllJCCKOro
Kap
Kaca,
no.l1-
KJlJO
lJ~1B
K H
eMY
ynoMSl
H
yrblC
Bblw e 3CJlCH
ble
KJll11ihll
ncco
napKOD 0
Ka
lJ
CCTBC
fJlaDHblX 3KOJIOrlllJCCKI1X
HIfW.
POJIb
>KC
COCD.HH
SJ
KlWI1X 1
0:
::
)1<
:
0-
JlOnllJecKHX
KOPII
,ll
0P08
.oOJl>KH
bI
IIrpaTb
6YJlbBaPbl,
aJlJ1C
ll,
CKnepbI.
oxncHcHHble
Ha
6epe>KHble,
33JlCCCHHblC
KpyrblC
CKJlO
HbI
XOJIMOB,
D.O-
mrn
. OBpa>KHO-6aJ10
t
IllOtl
ccnl
(puc.
38).
CPCD.lI
JaJ1alJ
D..CTaJ1bHOt\
nna
lU1p
OlHll
Ba>KHOC
MCCTO
JaHIlMaeT
3KO-
noro-XTCTlllJC
C
KOC
npoeI<..LllposaH~le
OTnenbHoro
napKa
, CKBCpa,
nc-
wexo.Qllon
30Hb!
,
03CJ1e
H
eH
Il
C )f(11110ro
panoHa.
H a
CTa.rJ,1I11
npocI<..Lllpo-
saHJUI OTD..eJlhHhlX 06'bCKTOB
pa3pa6aTblBalOT
cxeMb
l
napKOBblX
coopy
-
}l(eH"",
M3JlblX
apX
IIT
eKTYPHblX
IjJoPM,
IIrpoBhlX
TUJOlilllJlOK
J.1
T.n.
Oco6o
nO
Jl:t.lepKHeM. tlTO Ha
scex
nCp
elJHCnC
HHblX
CTIlJUUIX naH)1.
1ua<trrHoro
npOCKHlp
OBR
HIU
I
napanneJlhHO
pcwalOTCR
npo6.neMblllll33I1Ha
.
I1x
3Ha-
'ICHlie
B03paCTaeT
no
Mepe
Jl.eTa.
r
IJ.naWIl1
npoCKTa.
npll
ncpeXO
D.
e
OT
penlOHaJlbHblX
K JlOKaJlbHblM
yp6oct
lC
TcMaM.
MHorHC
CTaPMH
Hbl
C
ropona
xpaHRT
60mTOe
HCTOpllKO-KyJlhTYP-
Hoe
HaCJlC.D.ne
. naMS!:THHKI1 m :
Top
l1M, 3OD..'leCTBa
11
K)'
n bT)'pbI
$eprom
-
1
44
rnasa
9.
fiaH.QWa¢>THblH
A1'13aHH
Pttc.
38.
AHCaM6
Jl
b
can~
O,
CK8ePOB,
napK
OB
II
6Y
Jl
bl
;'
'lpo
o. OXBaTbiBaIOUUIR
JeJTeHbl
M
nOJ1
YKOJlbUOM I.\CHTpaJIbHbl
fl
pa
AOH
Bcllbl
Ino 61
pYJOT
IIX n YX08HYKl
aypy.
Y Ka
)l(1(
oro
ropo
na O
lla
cooS!:
. 6Y.ll}'lJ1l
OPraHlllJ-
HOH
'I3CTbJO
ropo
n.
CKo
ro D.UJallHa,
OHIt
00
MHoro
KpaT
yoemlt.lllB<UOT
ero
3MO
UH
OH3JlbHQCTb.
TaKODbi
ropon.
a-
nRMSITHIlKIl
C1>JTOpeHUHSI,
Be-
HCUIISJ,
PUM,
n apH>K,
CaHKT
-
neTcp6ypr
,
CeuacTOnOnl
..
,
Cafol3pKaHll
Ii
Ap.
H
en.apoM
11
.
B.
feTe
CpallHII[
W l
BeHcUHIO
C MClJTOfl,
COTKaHHoii
«
11
3 B031Iyxa,
ueOO,
SOHb!
11
KaMtl~I".
npHCM
bl naH.D.wa<I)THoro .lJ.HJaIiH<I B
ropO
J
lax
pa
3H
o06pa3Hb
l.
C
0.0-
H
Oti
CTOPOHbJ, OHH
J-IanpailllCHbI
Ha 3
CreTIIlJeCKoe
OC
llOCHl1e
3ncMeH
-
TOB
np
"pO
.IJ.HOrO
JlaHD.wa(
l
lTI1
,
coxpalUHOlll
l1
XCSI
npH
ropOllCKOM
CTpo-
Ine
llbCTBe,
KaK
-TO:
penbC¢a,
BO.I1HhlX
06'bCKTOIJ, eCTCCTBeU
lihl
X
3CJ1C-
HblX
MaCCHBOB. C
ll
pyrofi
-
Il
a
COlllaHlle
JlCKYCCTBeIUIOt\
3CTCnl'lecKotl
145
10 - 602
4aCTb
III
.
IlaH'[]'wacpTHoe
Io1CKYCCTBO
cpenbl:
03eACHCHlle,
MOlll.eHl1e,
CTPOUTeAbCTBO
BonoeMOB,
MaJIblX
ap-
XUTCKTYJ)HblX
¢!opt.!
It
.up
.
BeAvuv*i
reo3KOJlC:lI'WieCIU1H
~
na~THOrO
ctpOMTeJ1bCTBa -
nPHHqHn
npHPOAHQ
-
X03I1HcTBetotoH
ctAanTHBHOCTl1 -
He
TepReT
ceo-
eH
3HaLtl1MOCTI1
Ii
a
ropoACKOM
A'13aHHe.
CoapeMeHHoe
apXHTeKTyp-
Hoe
npOeKTl1pOBaH
....
e
Bce
Ltaw,e
np0l13BOAHTCR
«OT
naH,IUUa¢Ta».
teCh
naH,[UUa¢Tall
OHO
li
CXO
A,HT
11
B
Bonpocax
AJ13aHH.a.
YLteT
MecTHb
lX
npH-
poAHblX
ycnoBl1k
n03BonReT
AOCTl1r.aTb HalNlYLtWI1X
3KOnOrl1
...
eCKI1X
11
lCTeTI1"4eOO1X
pe3yI'lbT.aT06.
3eneHoe
y6paHcrao
roPOAOB
AOlUtOtO
6bfTb
....
II
30HanbHOM,
11
B
3Aa¢I1LteCKOM
OT
HoweHl1l1X
B
no
nHOH
Mepe
ap,an-
TI1BHbIM.
B
nepBYKl
o<'Cpe.ub,
KaK
3TO npUHSlTO B n
naHHpOBaHHI1
KY
IIbT)'
p-
HOrO
IIaHllWa$Ta,
11M
OCBalfBaIOTCSI
3KOTOHHble
(K
OHTaKTHWe)
nOJ~l
Ul1l1
1601
. H
MII
Moryr
6b1Th
npl1pe'IHU
e
(nplfMOpcKHC)
JOllb
l,
KpYTUe
CKJIOHbl H
HX
nOn.HO)KbR,
npl16poOOlUibie
nOn<
lCb
I Me>KJJ.Ype·mfi, a TaK)Ke
Bce
HeYJl,06HblC
JeMIIH
-
OBpam,
6aJIKU,
Ja6onollcHHblC
HH311Hbl.
Jlrm
roPOD-OB Y
MOPSI
TPMIiUI1QHHbI
npltMopcKHe
6yJIbBaPbl
11
napKI1.
H~H1
CJJaBSlTCSI
O)lccca,
CCBaCTOn OJIb,
.HIITa,
CO
lHt
H
ltp
.
.e;
H
arop
HhI-
MI
·f.. (CKJlOHOUblMH) JlCCaMH
11
neeonapKaMU
3HaMeH
I
ITbl
BUCOKlie
npa-
oo6epc)KHble
KPY'U1
KHesa
,
HH)KHero
H
OBfopo.ua,
MocKBN
6mu
80
-
po6bCBblX
rop.
no
HUM
npoKJIaLIblBalOTeJl
aJIJlCII-CepnaHTIIHbI
e
BHltO-
BblMl1
TO'(KaMH
Ha
KpyrblX
nooopoT'dX
.
n01lome
It
nOKaTbie
CKJlOHbl
XOJlMOBIi
JlDnIlH
nopoi
i n
penpawalOT
B HeKYCCTBCHHO
TCppaCHpouaH
-
Hhle
C
JleCTHlIllHbl~m
nepeXO
ll.a~
m
~1
JeJJeHblMI1
OTKocaMH.
nOfiMbI
11
pelJ
HblC OCTpOsa -
nYlJWllC
JeMJIII
.llJIH
C03,llaHlUl
nl
Jlpo
napKOB
;
H11
3-
Klle,
H
aLlnoHMC
IiHblC
TcppaCbl
-.llJISI
cnopTHBHblX
ape
H. CTpCntCa
npi
l
CJI
I1
S1HHIf
IIJIlI
611¢YPKaUInI
pe'lHhlX
PYCCJI
-
npcKpacHaSi
n03HUuSl
AJJSI
KOMnOJUUIlOH
Ho
ro
YJJl
a,
<PoKaJlbHOrO
apxmeKTYPHoro
06bCKTa
fopo
.ncKoro
neltJa)l{a.
KpacllBa
H
ne.nll'leCTBCHHa
crpeJlKa
BaCHJlbCBCJ.Wro
oCTpona
B
CaHKT-neTep6ypre
e
ec
MOI)''lHMII
pocrpanbHblMH
KOJlOHHaMH
Hml
OCTPOB
Cme
C
co60poM
n apl1)1{CKOH
60roMaTepH,
KaK
6b1 «n
nblBy-
llU1MII>
cpeJlI!
BOlt
CCHbI,
KOHe
'l
HO, BCCb :3KOnOrH'leCKI1H
KapKac
ropo-
lla
e
ero
eCTCCTBeHHblMI1 U H
CKYCCTBC
IiH
hlMH
3CJJeHb.lM
II
Haca)K.fleHH-
SIMI! H BO}lOt:MaM
Il
1l0Jl)!(CH HaXOllHTbCSI
non:
npHCTaJlbHblM
BHHMa
lll
l-
CM
11
11
3aHHCpOU.
146
J1aH,IUUa¢THbli1
AH3ai1H
aAanT
....
sHO
COOTHOCI1T
CA
He
TonbKO
C
MecTHbt-
M
....
npl1pOAHblMI1
ycnOBI1AMl1,
HO
....
¢!yHKLI,I10HanbHbIM
....
30HaM
....
rope-
p,a.
OH
pa3nl1
...
eH
B
KynbTypHo-ClAMI1HI1CTpa
TI1BHOM
u,eHTpe,
pa':;OHax
rl1asa 9 . IlaH.Qwa¢lTHblail ,(IH3aallH
>tomo':;
3aCTpoi1KI1,
TpaHcnopTHblX,
npcMblwneHHbl
x
11
peKpeaLl,l10H-
HblX
3OHax.
B
06llleCTBCHHbl
x
uempax
ynpaMe
Hl{CCKOfO,
l1CTOplIKo
-K}'n
bTYp-
HOro,
OOpaJOBaTC1IbHOro,
TOprofiOro
H'd
3Ha
lieHIIJI
nec
'I
awc
B COBpe-
MCH
HblX
ropo.nax
npoIIJOO.ll.l1TCSI
pa
lilC1le
HI1C
nemeXOllllLIX
H 1'p3HCIIOpT-
HbIX
lO
U.
npll
MepoM
TaKOrO
q
>YH
KUlIOH
Mb
HOro
'IJICHeHIlSi
MOry!
CJiy-
)K
IITb
Craphltt
H H
oshlH
Ap6aT
B MOCKBC,
ne
WeXOll,Hhle YJ
IHUh
l
II
n
nOLUaJ1.
U
6epJllHia,
Bapwanhl,
npanl.
CaHKT
-
nere
p6ypra
It
MHOnlX
ll
PYnlX
KpynHblx
roponoB.
OHI1
1.IclHOBSlTCSI
06bC)..'TOM CnCUIlB.JlbHOro
llIlJaH
Ha
.
ll
aCTO
n0Jl611paeTCH
OpHaMCHTl1ponaHllblll
Tim
MOWCHJUI nJTlIT-
KO",
6Pyc'laTKoll.
3lli.ICH'd aC¢aJ1bTIl
n.eKopaTIlOHblM
nOKpblTHeM
-
OllC-
81I.nHbl
ll
npl13H
aK
ropoltcKoA
TeppltTOpllll,
OTmUlHoH
D
pacnOpJI)I(eHIlC
llenoBCKy.
03CJlCHCHIlC
npooolUlTCSI
n
CTune
aJIneH,
6ynbsapa.
Ocscwc-
HHe XYllO)l(CCTBCHHO o4>oPMJlCHHblM
II
CBeTIIJlbHm:aM
ll
11
CTpOHTCJJb-
CTBO MaJIbiX 'dPXHTCKTYPliblX
~)QPM
TalOKC
BXOJlSlT
B
nporpaMMy
Jll13'dH-
Ha
ncwcxonHbIX
30H.
O3eJleHCHHC
JaMeTHO
p
a3J1
If'JaCTC5:I
no
COCT3BY
~
t
~l'dcWTIl6y
paCH1-
TCnbHblX
KOMn03l111Hti
Ha
TpaHcnopT
Hbl
x
It
nCWeXOJl,HblX
ymtllax.
1-
13
-
BCCTHhtii
Jl3Hllwa¢rrHblii
apXltTCKTOp
A.
n .
BepryHoB
onle
'laeT
,
liTO
.e;
Ha
TpaHcnopTHbiX
apTCpu}lx
3CJTCHbie
HaCa)l(JlCmUI paCCl{ItTblBaIOTC}I B
OCHOBHOM
Ha
socnpJUfTllC
'-lCJlOSCKa 1t3
OKlla
llBH:+'),w.e
rOC.R
amoM06u-
11
.R.
3nCCb npc06J1an.aIOT
3Ha'll1Tenb
Hbl
C •
.llJT
IlII
Oi"t
HCCKDnbKO
COTeH
MCT-
pon
,
KOMnaKTHhie
H
OllHopollHble
3CJTCHbie nQJlOCbl.
Ha
neWeXOJlHblX
ymlllax
Hy;KHO
06eCnC'IHTb
CMCHY
Sne'laTJleHllft
'ICpe3
K3JK
J].
ble
50-
1
00
-
I
SO
M,
n03TOMY
p
Jlllo
nw
c n
DCa.t1K1t
:meCb 'ICpcJIYlOTC$I C OTKPbITblMlt
npo-
CTpaHCTBaMIt
ra3OH3,
GonbWlte
llPC
BCCHO
-K)'
CTaPHltKOUbIC
rpynnbl
- C
Man:bI~U1
~t
T...ll
. 0c060e
3Ha'1Cliite
npH
,MeTeH
pa3
H
oo6paJ
ltJO
nopoJl.Horo
cocnma
ncpcBbCB.)1nSl
nCWCXOllHhlX
npoc1'p3HCTB
OtU
lip
alOTcH HaJ-160-
nee
UCHHble
ltCKOpanfBHblC
nOpO
Jlbl,
Hanp
l
tMep,
l1MelOLU
ltC
Bblpa31f-
TeJTbHylO <PoPMY
KpoHhl
,
CnClllt¢H'leCK)'JO
TeKCTYPY KOPbI
Ii
T .
.I1.
Pa3
JBI'!aIOTCSI
It
npc06JIa.nalOwlic
THnhl
nOCMOK.
KpoMe
armefiHblx,
WIiPOKO
npl1Mel
iHIOTCSI
rpynnOBblc
npesccHO
-K)'CTIIPH
lt
KOllble
nocaD.-
Klt,
ncpeBbSi-COJl
HTC
Pbl,
«6YKCTht*
JlepeBbCB. I)OJlbWYIO POJlb
ItfpalOT
ll.CKOpaTHBliblC
rd30HbI
H UBCTHHKlt,
nepnlKaJIbHOC
OJeJTeHCHHC
(~aca
JlOB
:maHHH
II
MaJIblX
apXl1TeKT)'pHb
iX <PoPM»
(1
9,
c.
55
-
561·
n O
MliMO
nOJTHOCTblO
U30JHtpOBaHHblX
OT
roponeKoro
TpaliCnOpTa
n
elllCXOllHblX
3O
H, llJISi
MaCCOBoro
nCLlleXOD.HOrO ll.B
l1>K
CIH1$1,
nporyJlOK
It
KpanconpeMCHHoro
OTJlbfXa
npellHa
:jH3
'talOTCSI ropo,uCKHe 6YJlbBapbl.
O
~m
conpoOO)KJlaIOT
Tp3ucnopTHbfC
MafHCTpanH
(EiY
J
lhBaplloc
KDnbUO
147
LlaCTb
III.
flaHllWa¢THOe
~CKYCCTBO
PHC.
39.
EJ
ll1
cellcKI1C nOJlR
13
n apll.lK
e.
T
C
H)lCT~C
6Y1lb1la
P
~
npocnCKTa
_
11
3J11OfurCl
Ui
OC
MeCTO
npory
J10
K n
ap
ll.lK
all H ryPJlCl'Ol1
B M
oc
f
me,
En
ll
cclfcKl
le nOAA B
na
pH)I(c
) ,
yJlllU
hI.
)KHJIhiX
Ksa
PTalTOD,
H
a6cpe)l(
Hhic
. B CT'dp
IlH
Y
6YJIbsaPhi
3aKJI311J
>l
BaJI
IiCb
Ha
MeCTe
KpenOCT
-
HhiX
BallOB. n
poH
1I
3b1UaH
pM
panO
HOD
ropolla,
o
ml
IIrpalOT
o n
penenSf-
IO
IJ.J.Y
IO
oom
lK
ropoJJ.8
3Konoro-3CTeTJ1l
1
CC
KYIO
ponb
(p
Ii
C. 39).
,llHlaHIf roPOLtCKHX
OJIOIU
.3Jl.C
H TaIOKC H
Mcer
Ii
CCKOR
bKO
peWCH
llti
.
n
epen
4>aCa.a.OM
fl1a.UHblX OOWCCTBCH
Hb
lX
3JIaHIIH
(p
e:nme
HUItiI
flTaBbI
rocynapCT88,
na
pnaMe
HTa,
,aor.-m
npaB
IITeJlbCTBa), Y Kp)'J1HblX
llCTOPIf
-
'l
eCKUX
naf.HJTHIlKOB
H
Hall60nec
l
Ha'lH
TCJTb
Hb
IX KYlTbTYPHblX
ueHTpOB
¢oPMIlPYCTCIl
OTKPblTaR
3C
n
naHana
C JeJICHblM n ap
Tcpo
M,
UBCTO'IHbl-
Mil
MaCCUBaMII,
W
UpoKHMH
MJTCHMW, oon:oeMru.U1
II
¢oHT'd
H
aM
H.
Ta
-
KOBO
npocTp
aHCTllO
ncpcn
¢
13Can.OM
f
Jla
B
Ho
ro
3JI.a
HHH M OCKOBCKo
ro
YHHBCpcltTeTa
Ha
BOpOObCB
bl
X
ropax
.
.fi.apo
JlPymx
nJlOlU
aLI.dl,
pacno
-
JlO}l(CHHblX
611H3
Kym
;ryp
HbJX
II
TOproSbJX llCHTPOB, 0
6pa3yc
r
C1l
CKBe-
poM
C
<l
){)HTaH
aM
H H CKaMbSjMII
Mil
OT,nblxa.
TaK
BblfJl
llHl
rr
TCaTpaJlb-
Ha5llt
nYWKI1H
CK
all
n
nowan
u
MOCKllbl.
B
cKBCpax
Ha
<IIOHC
rpanHHblx
ra30HOB
pa3MCwalOTCJI
KYcra
pHI1KOBO
-ll
P
cncc
HblC
rpy
n
nM.
XapaKTCp
-
HhI K./lYM6b1 C
11
CK)'CHO n
o.u06pa
HIl
0i1 naJI111lJOil UBCTOIIH
OfO
y-JOpa.
nnOW
aA
l1
, nC}I(HUll1C
Ha
nepcKpeCTKc
60iiKHx
TpaHcnopTHblx
Ma
-
fIICTpaJlCn, YKpaWaJOT UCHTpaJIbHbIM
Kp
yroBbiM
raJOHOM. n OCpeA
'I
Hero
14
8
rnaBa
9.
flaHllwa¢THbiCr
A1'13aCrH
BOOBbJWaCTCH
COJ1HTCP
- OnliHOI.jHoe
KpynHoe
.oCpcBO C
npaslUlbHot1
KOH
YCO
BlIJI.HOH
11
;
111
wapomuum
li KPOIlOH -
JlIi60
rpynna
il
l
TpeX-
mrn1
.oCpeBbC
B.
B lO)J{HblX
roponax
COJ1ltrcpaMIl
MOryr
6b1Tb
KalUTaHbI,
nJlaTaHbI,
mmaHCKue
KcnpbI.
Kpyronhlc
nl
30
Hbl
Ha
lJ.C
l
rrpallbHblX
TUlO-
W
a.nJIX
Hb
fO-,Uen
li
C pa3BeCIICT
blMil
6a
~IWlH
aM
If
-
il
3JIt06JJCHH
oe
MCCTO
JlaH
'Ia
IIHllIl
I1c
KOro
lH1H
OB
Hor
o
mOM.
'uCKopanlllHbl
K)'CT"dP
HIiK
O
BO
-
.ape-
BCCHblC
l1>
yn
nbl
C
KOH
YCOB
H.Il
Hbl
M
Cll
JTj'3TOM. B
Il
X UCHTpc
nO
McrnaCTCH
OJI,HO
Bhl
COKOC
JlC
peBO,
OKpy)KCIiHoe
ncpc
Bl.sJMH
.Ilpyroii
nOI
XUlbl
MCHb-
lllCH
SCml'lIIHhI.
A n o
ncpn<l>cpuH
ycrpmmaCTCH
KaiiMa
11
3
t..
)'CTaPH
IfK
OB.
XapaKTCpHhlM
3J1CMC
HT
OM
J1aHllwactrr
H
oro
,l
U13aIiHa
B
06lUccrBCH-
HblX
UCHTpaX
ropona
HBJUnOTCH
BllyrpellllHC
Jl,BOpllKH
o4lHC08
-
cnoe-
06pa3Hhle
.3elleHLle
f
OC
nlHhlC
t
Mil
OT
.IlblXa
CJT)')Ka
WIl
X
It
npU88THhl
X
6eCC.u.
n JlOTHble 3e.nCHble
lI3ropo.nH
lI
3 K
ycrap
HllKOB
H
3OJ1
11PYIOT
HX
or
ropo.uCKotl
cyeTbl
H WYM3.
YMCllO
pa3Mc
wcmlhl
c
ra301ibl
, UBCTO'lKblC
K./lYM6bl S
CO
'l
eTIlHIIH
C
Hc60JlbW
lt
MH
6accetiHaMII,
<l><>HTall'IltKaMU
II
lI.C
KopaTlIBHblM
MOWCH
li
eM
n.opmK
c K
ycnoK3HualOlUC
.ueHcTsYIOT Ha
HCpBli
ylO
CHCTeMY.
JlaH.llllla€JlrllblH
,[J,Itlai
ill
lKHJ1b1X
KB3pTaJ108 OP
l1
CH
TI1POBaH KaK
Ha
03CJICHCWIC
ym1U,
TIlK
11
DHYTP"KnapranbHblx
npoCTpaHCTIl
.
CyMMa
pHo
B CeJJl1TeGHbix JOHaX r
opo.ua
3CJlCH
bl
C HaCa)l(lJ.CHJ
1H
.uOJI)KHhI
JaH
H
MaT
b
HC
MCHec
50%
n
J1OIUaD.I1.
npoc
3)KlIe
II
ncmCXonHblC
yJJllll.bI rpaD.HUI1-
OHHO conpoOO)l(lJ.alOTCH
aJmeHMIt,
6YJ1bsapaMI1,
OTKpbIThlMIt
ra30Ha-
MH,
UBCTHIiKaM
Ii.
BHyrplf
KDapTaJl
blibi
C
TeppJ1TOpllll
OTOOMTCR no.u
JeJTCHbie MaC
Cl1
B
bJ
(c
noero
pana
MI1KponapKH),
n
crCKIiC
n cno
pnlB
-
Hbl
e TUl0maLI.K
II
. B P
MC
roponO
B,
OCo6eH
HO IO>KHbfX, B
3n
,x
MCCTaX
1>I0)l(HO
scrpenrrb
HeOOnbulil
c 6a
cccf1ubI,
n
pyabl.
OnpCJlCJleHHaSi
pollb
B
naHJlUJa$rHoM
lUI3aHHC }l(JUlbiX
KnapranoB
OTOO.aIlTCSI
PC1lbt!¢>y.
ECTe-
CTBC
HHblC
ncpen
aLI.
bJ
BbiCor
II
C
nO
llblYKl
TCIl
.aml
06paJOBaH
H
SI
H
CCK
onb-
KIIX
ypoBHefi
3acrpOItKH,
OTAenCH
Hbl
X
.upy
r
OT
.apyra
a
Ku
e
l111
1poBaH-
H
blM
H
3CJ1CH
blMl1
ycrynaMl1.
)lnJI
l1
30nHmur
oHyrp
nK
BapnUlbHblx
npo-
C
Tp
aHCT
B OT
WYMa
W
3arpJI3HC
HII
JI
co
CTOPO
HbI
TpaHcnopTHblx
Marncrparreif
npHM
CHHC
T
CJI
cneUIIMbHOC
06BaJJOBaHnc
c
npeBCCHblMH
HaCIDKll
CH
U
JIM
U
no
rpe6HIO
BalTa. B n
OJIOCC,
npHMblK
alOwe
if
K
nOMY,
UJllpuHoH
OT
5-6
M, CO:maIOTCH
npUKnapTllpHble
Ca,
£
UIKlI
-
csoe06-
pa3Hbli1
«3eneHhlH
3TIl)l(»
,llOMa. B
cpen
Hci1
I1
onoce
POC
C
IIII
OB
06bJ'iHO
COCTOIIT
1I
3
raJOHon
C K)'CTaMI1
ClipeHII
,
'l
y6YW
HlfKa
,
6oH
pblWHUKa,
KMIHlbI,
Wli
nO
BHHKa
H UBCTO'IHbIX KJlYM6.
B YCJIOBlI1lX nJlOTH
OH
KOTI
eJl.)K
H
Ofi
3aCTpofiK
il
ropo,nos
3ana.ulioi1
EBponbl
Boumo
B T
parr
nUH
){)
UblpalllH88HltC
MMCHbKHX
ca,ruIKon
n
cpcn:
(i>aca.nOM
nOMa.
OHI1
OTncmnOT
cro
OTTpOT)'apa
11
npoel:>Kcfi
'JaCTH
yml-
149
l.4acTb
III.
flaH,QWa¢THOe
ItICK)'CCTB
O
PHC.
40
.
TpaullU,ll0HHblil
~110
11
CKHii
CaQltK
(no
80
1
Ubi.
n Or.IlfMO 3eJlCHb'X H3Ca)KJleHHii
:m
ecb
nplIMeHlUOT
nCKo
pantBHOC
MOlUCHI1C
runrn<oii
(111I11
rp3BIlCM)
TpOnHHoK
II
MIIHmrrtopHblx
1lJ1OW3-
,aOK.
HH
o r
na
HeGonbwoe
nnOC
KOC
nlXlCTP3HCTOO ncpell
DOMOI'>!
IlCnonb
-
3yeTCH
J]JIH
COlltaHHJI
cana
Tuna
. KCIlC'l"», COCTORwero In
npRMoyronb-
HblX
H KBaDpaTHbiX raJOHOB C
6oplllopa~m,
npll
lJeTKo
ti
oceooii:
nna
HII
-
pODKe
.
npl-tJlCr
alOLUaJl K
cany
CTeHa
DOMa
YKpawaCTCJI
3ellCHb
iM
BCpTIlKaIlbHblM
KCOPOM Jl1I8Hon
o,a06HblX
BblOlUllXCJI
pacremtii:
(D.IlK~tii:
DHHOrpan.
It
np
.). n o BHCWHCMY
nepUMCTpY
caID1KJl
JaMblKalOT
3CJlCHbI-
Mil
neKopan1B
llblMIl
creHKaMll
JlII60
HaCblnHblM
OJenCHCHH
blM
nanOM.
CnCUl1<pH'Il-1bl BJlyrPCHHIlC
llBOpllKtt
8
KBapnulax
IIHItHB
H.l1.YaJlh
H
OH
3acrpOHKH
roPOJ1.0B
Hcn3MCKoro
BoCTOK3.
B
TaWKCHTC,
Ca~taPKaHJle,
6yxapc
"
Dpynu\
ropoaa
x
lI.
e
HTpaIlbHoii:
A
:JH
Il
B Ka)KJlOM JlBOpl-1Ke,
nORHOCTblO 1130
Jl
HpOBaHHOM
OT
UHCLUHero
MUpa
rnyxl1MII
CTeHaMI1
:maHlflt
"
lIyBaJla~UI.
OGJlJaTCJlb
liO
CCTb
Ifc60JlbWOH
BOlIOCM,
BblMO-
LUCHHbIH
Ka~meM,
a
HHorlIa
11
~)QHTaH'IHK.
DKpY;+::CHHbIH
ranepcei
'i Te-
Hll
CThlX
Tcppac,
npHMbJKalOlll,IIX
K
1I0MOBbiM
nOKOUM,
lIBOpUK
o6ca-
}f(eH JlCpeBMIMJ1 aGpJ1KOCa, rp<:!HaTa. I-Ia
cnCW
l
anbHblX
onopax,
nopoli
B
Dl1JlC
ncpro11b1 (3CJlCHOrO KOpJ1l10pa),
UbCTCJI
Bl-mOrpallJlaH
JlOJa.
)10
-
P())I{KI1 MOIU,Clibi
nUlbKoA,
rpaDHCM,
KaMCHHoH
IUlll
6cTOHIiOii
nmlT
-
1
50
rnaBa
9.
IlaH,QWa¢THblHAIo13aHH
KOH. 3,nCCb
Mbi
BIIlUiM
cooe06pa:3Hblfl
aapt1aHT
11cnaHO-Ma13pUTaHCKOrO
,asop
lfl
ca
TIlfla
.naTIIO».
B n
11
OTHoil
roponcKOIt
JacrpoAKe
pa3B1ITblX CTpaH
CTaIIJ1
npJ16eraTb
B nOCJle.aHee BpeMJI K KJlaCCt1lJeCKHM
06pa3uaM
MaJlOro anOHCJ(oro
cana.
Drpa
H
HlJeHHoc
npoCTPaHCTBO
opraHlf3YCTCH
D HCM
TaK
lICK}'CHO, 'ITO
npoIf3oo,nJ1T
BnClfaTnCHHC
3Ha'IHTCJTb
Horo
no
nJlOU(3J].I1. P33JlII'laJOT
HCCKonbKO BIUIOB
MaJlOro
RnOHCKoro
CalIa:
can
KaMHdi
(<lcyxOlt:
CM»),
can
BQJlbl, ca,n MXOB,
KOMnncKcHblil
nefiJa>KtnxA
can.
r JlaSHOC B
ax
KOMIl03HmlOHHOM
ycrpoflCTBe -
YMenoe
CO'leTaH~iC
npHponHblx
II
II
CKYCCTIJeHHblX
4>oP~1:
pacrCHllil,
KaMHJI,
OO.nbl
- c OllHOH
CTOpoHbI;
3JleMC
IIT
OB
MaJlOH
apxHTcKT)'pJ,[
(6cCMKa,
nCrKl1i1.noMIiK
Jl)151 lJaUHOn
uepcMoliIH1,
.n:eKopanlBHble
cfloHapll)
- C
npyrof't.
B 51noHHJt .no
cux
nop
OtleHb
nonyJlflpHblwl
OCTaIOTCR
lJaiiHble
Ca,nbl
(puc
.
40).
B COBpeMCHHblX
KpynHbIX
roponax,
me
KIDK.D.LlH
KIlO'IOK
JeMJTU
crmlT
6oJlbwl1X
neHer,
O'/CHb
nonYJUlpHblMH
craJJl1
ca.abl
Ha
KpLlWC
.
OWl
PaJ
-
Hoo6pa3Hbi
no
KOMn03I1Ul-tI-t, HO
lJawe
npCnCTaDJIJlIOT
c060A
UBC-
TO'IHblC
raJOHbl.
AKryaJIbHOCTb
u
ll
JaAHa
.JUIHllwa<lrroB
KphlllI»
IUII1 «nR-
TOro
<J>acana» C Ka)l(,llblM
ronoM
BOJpaCTaCT.
9.4.
rOpOACKl'1e
napKI'1
PCKpcaUHOHHbl
e
30H
bI
ropo.na
-
no
npe)l(,llC
ecero
ero
napKU.
DUH
003HHKaIOT
no
-
pa3HoMy:
Hepe,nKO Ha
Mcere
6blBwero
]
leCOnapKOBOro
KOMnneKca,
OKaJaBlllCfOCJI B
npouccce
pocra
ropo.na
B
ero
rpalHlU3X,
Mil
Ha 6b1B
WIt
X nYCTblPHX,
CBalIKax,
TCPPUTOPlUlX
Ja6pollJeHHblX
1<a-
pt,epoB
It
npyr
ux
roponCKHX
Hc}
'
.n06hRx
. B JaBItCIlMOCTH OT IICXOJIHOH
npJ1pollHOH
OCHOBbi
Ii
CTenCHI1
ee
aHTpOnOrcHHoi'i
Tp3HC<PoPMI1))O-
B3HHDCnI
roPOlICKOH
napK
B
pa3HOR
MCpc
MO}f(CT
BKlllO
lJ
3Tb
311CMCHTbI
CCTecrneHHOro
JlaH.ll.llIa¢rn
J1
HaUCJIO PYKOTDOPHbIC.
J.1
x COOTHOWCHHC
CBJlJaHO
nOMHMO
Toro
KaK
c
<PYHKUI10HanbHoA
H
anpaWlCHHOCTbIO
napKa,
TaK
11
C
Bbl60poM
naHllwa¢THo
-
apXllTeKTYPHOrO
CTlIJUI,
nOJTO-
)l(CliliOro
B OCHOBY
napKoeoro
npoeKTIlpoBaHUJI.
Cyt«ecmBYlOm
cnej{U(lJfU
3
UpolJaflHble
IIUpKU
:
p0
3BJ
/eKamenbllblC
c
am-
mpOKI4UOIIG.MU,
cnopmllBllble,
demcKlle,
lIfellfOpIlOllb/lb/e,
II0PKU
-Bbic
mOB
-
KIlI-i
.ap. Ha3Ha'1CHI1CM
napKa
(11.1111
ero
OTDCllbHbfX
<!
IYHKUJ10HaJTbHblX
30U)
DJ1KryeTCJI
npllMCHCHl1e
111160
peryJlJlpHbfX,
Jl
uGo
nCH3a}f(HbIX
MOlIClICii
KOMfl03UUI1U.
B flOJTJ1¢YIIKUl10IlaJIbHblX
napKax
MO}f(HO
Hann1
MCCTO
1J)1J1
TIIXOro
OTJlblXa,
.aCTCKI1X
:mOOB,
cnOpTiI
II
pa3llJ1e'ICHl1it
r JlaBHOC BHI1MaHI1C B
Jl"Jai1tlC
ropo.acKuX
napKoB
y,nC11ueTCIl
nnac-
TIfKe
PC11be<Pa,
BO
Jl
HblM
o6be"''TaM
II
B OCo6eHHOC
TII
pac'nITC11bHQCT
J1.
151
YaCTb
Ill
.
naHAWacpTHDe
Io1C1<}'CCTBO
3cTeTIUaUHJI
pe.nbe<l>a
npellnOlfaraeT
ue.ncHanpaBJICHHOC
nO,ll,'lepKIl-
Il3.HHC pa3HOBbiCOTHOCTif
ero
ypoBiICH,
TeppacoBblx
cryneHeti
H YCTY-
nOB,
OCTaHUOBb
lX
XOlfMon
11
HI1
3I1H.
)i(HI30nHCHhI
TcppaClipoBaHHblC
napKI1
C
JlCCnUl'mWMII
~1
cepnaHTItHHblMI1
cnYCKaMH B
npHMopcKJ1X
roponax
(Oll,eCca,
CoI.JII,
CcnaCTononb)
)(
ropollax
npcll,rop~ii1
(KJIC-
JlOOO
,llCK,
HarJbllll
K),
mc
3Ha
I.JIITC.
n1
..
HhI
ncpen3.llbl
BI.>ICOT
.
Kpyrhlc
yc-
-rynhl
YKpenmUOTCIl
no
.a
nopHbl
MII
CTCHKaMlf,
CJJO)KCHllblMH
JleKOpa
-
Tl1BHhlM CcrCCTBCHHblM
KaMHeM
(pycrOM)
.
Oporpaq,Il
...
CCKIiC
llcnpec-
CUJi
IIcnOJlb
3YlOTCSI
DJlIl COJD,aHHIl
BO
n OCMOS:
npynoR
,
nOJlOxpaHHnHW,
KaHanOB.
I1x
yKpaUlalOT
BO,llJlbIMIl K3CKaJlaMIi,
BOllonanaMII,
<!>oHTaHaMI1.
BOAa
B
napKC
00
BCCX
ee
<PoPMax
O'IeHb
)l(ImOnlICH3.
QHa
MO)l(eT
6WTb
TlIXa
H
cnoKoAHa
, OTpa)f(<U/ B CBOCii 3CPKaJlbHOil rnan.1t COJIHC'{-
Hble
6nIlKlI,
MepHO
flnblBYWIIC
06naK
a.
JeJI
CHb
Ii
cKy
n
brrrypHblc
yKpa
-
weHHfl
6eperoB.
J.1
B TO )l(C
BpeM}!
llHH
a
1\lIl'IHa,
C WYMOM
II
GneCKOM
DblPbJBaIlCb
113
<!>OtlTaHOB,
na,uafl
CBepKalOUHIMH
crpYSlMH
BO,nonana
lUlJl
cnnOlllHhlM
CKarepTHblM
nOTOKOM
CJIHI33S!Cb
no
CTyneIH1M KflCKa,ua.
80
BTOpo
il
nO
Jl
OlUlHC
XX
BCKa
CT3Jl11
nonyJlllpHbl
UBC1O-M}'3bIKMb-
Hb
lC
<!>oHTaHbI.
Hx
ycrpoHCTBO
TaKOOO, '-ITO nOOBOJlflCT CIIHXPOHII3I1PO-
naTh
llB
lf
)f(CHllC
<!>oHTa
HHP
YIOLLU
IX
crpyfi
C OCBCWCHIICM P33iJll
...
HOn
flPKOCTll
H UBCTa, a TalOKe M}'3b1KaJ1bHblM con(XlBO>KllCHI1CM. B
THxue
neTHHC
Bel.Jepa
II
CKPRWHCCfl
BO
ll
Hbl
e
CTpYIf
1I
6pW
3
nJ
B rapMOHIII.JHbIX
CO
'lC
TaHlfSl.X C
MCnOllll'IHoi
"i
M}'3bfKOH
11
ncpenmmMH
caCTa
11
UBCTa
npOltJBolUlT
HCII3rna.o.uMOC
snC'laTJlCH
llt:
.
PacmumeAbHblli
II0KjJ06
B
roponCKIiX
napKax
60raT
"
pa
3
HooGpa3CH.
0606meHHO
cro
MO:>KHO
npellCTaSI1Th
B BlUlC
TpCx
OCHOBHbIX
nelWpa
-
nmHbJX
KOMn0311U11tt
•
•
•
npeneCHWC
11
K)'CTapHIIKOHb
IC HaC3)KJlClIHSI.;
UDCT04HbiC
KOMn03HUlIlI;
3CJICHbiC
ra30HbI.
Y3cro
OHU
CO'leTaKlTcfl
n:pyr
C
npyrOM.
npH
310M
POJIh
JlOMIiHHpy-
KlIJ.tero <!>oH3
06b
l
'IHO
urpaeT
f830H
. COJIUTCPbf "
rpy
n
nbl,
CTOflW
IIC
Cperul
ra30Ha,
CJIY:>K3
T,
KaK
np
aBIIJlO,
KOMn03HUIIOHHblMli
Y3JJaMI1
napKOBOro
nCH3IDKa.
11M
CoofiCTBeHHbI
.>K.UOOmfCHble O"lCPTaHHSI.,
6poc-
KOC, 3<!><l>eKTliOC UBeTCHHC,
ce30HH
aR aCnCKTlIBHOCTb JlIICTUbl. B
cpell-
Hen
nonocc
POCCI1I1
Ha
pOJlb
comrrepoB
'fawe
BCCro
Bl>l6upaKlT:
.ny6,
KlleH
,
nnaK)"IylO
I
my
,
WblH
1OnMb,
murry
. HaCa)KJleHIHI
113
HeCKOJIb-
KHX .nCPCBbCB
Ii
KYCT
apHHKOIJ,
HaJbIBaCMbl
C"
rpynna
M
ll
,
OO
bl'lHO
06pa-
3}'1OT nOCTen
CH
H
I>lH
ncpcXOJl
(napKOBbiR
3KOTOH)
OT
OTXPblTO
ro
ra-
3OHHOro
nJX)CTJ)aHCTBa K JlCCHOMY
M
a
cc~my
.
rpy
n
na
CT(XlIfTCSI
no
npHH
-
1
52
r naea 9.
IlaHAWacpTHbI~
AIo1Ja~H
UHny
KOHTpaCTa n
rapMoHIiH
BXOlUllUliX
B
cc
COCTaB
paCTCHHft
nplIHjf-
TO IfCnOJlbJODaTb
Tpl1,
nRTb
IIJ1H
ceMb
llCPCBbCS
OAliOfi
H
JT
I1
HCCKOJTbKllX
nopoIl,
HanpHMCp.
CO'lcnUf
no
KOHTpacry
e.nb
II
6Cpe3Y,
mnrry
"
ma-
P0811Jl.HYKl HBy. B p
SUIC
cny
...
aCB
npHMCHSlCTCR ,IlCKOpaTHBlI3R nOACBCTKa
COJIIlTCPOB H
rpynn.
BC'ICPOM
OHIt
KaK
6bl
CBC"OITCfl
113Hyrpll,
C03Jlanafl
UJUH0311Kl
CKa304HOrO
Mllpa.
CaM3fl
TpaHHUHOHII3JI napKOBaSI UBCTO'1l13fl KOMn0311l{I1H -
KIIYM-
60.
OHa
BCerna
CJJCrK3
npJlnOllHflTll
Hart
OKP)')K8KlLUIlM raJOHOM
}I
CMC}K
-
HOtlAOpo}KKOt\:.
KnYM6bl
IfJOlllpeHHblX
YJOPHblX COtleraHHt\" C
pa
3
HOO6-
pa3HOii
UBCTooofl
nlMMOii
H33hIBaIOT
apa6cCKaMI1.
PcryJlIlPHblC
KOMno-
3HUIflI
H3
KJl)'M6
~l
U8C1O'IHblX
napTCpo8
OObl'IHO
YKpawalOT
BXO.a
B
napK
UIllI
pa.3MClllalOTCR
ncpeA
<l>acanOM
n3pKOBOro
3e.JleHOfO
TCa1pa.
KOHuepTliOro
3aJJa.
B LlBCTO'fHblX
napKOBbiX
KOMnOOI1UIUOC
06R3aTcnbHo
Y'IHTblBaIOTCR
33KOHbI KOJIOpIITa, UBCTOBblX CO'ICTaHut\".
OnblTOM
YCTcl.HOBJICHO,
'ITO
HaIIJl
Y
...
WIIM
06pa30M
rapMOHUPYJOT UOCTa, OTCTOSllllHC
,npyr
OT
Jlpyra
B UBCTOBOM CnCKTpC 'ICpC3 JlBa
I1HTcpBMa.
HanpI1MCP
.
OnTlIMMbHbJ
CO'leTaHIUI
opamKCOOfO
()I(CJJToro)
II
CHHcro,
KpaCHOro
U
JeJlCHOro.
Yiu
oflla
AonYCKaIOTCR
cO
'i
CTa
Hl1
fl
UneTOB C IIHTepHaJlOM ,{Cpe3
o,nuM.
H
anpliMep,
)l(eJ1Thl1t 1\ rOJlyOOfi, <!lHOJIeTOBblH
11
OpaH)f(CBbliL
P
a:mpa-
}K(lKlLUC n.CltCT8YIOT
Ha
BII3YaJIbHOC BOCnpl1S1Tl1e
UBeTa
CTOSlIJ.tUC
cnCKT-
PaJIbHO
PMOM
KpacHhltl
"
Opa
H)f(eBblrl
,
CllHllti
H
¢HonCTOBbTn.
"410
KacaCTCfl 3CJlCHOrO
IlBCT'cl.
,
TO
OH
urpaCT
pOOb
06bC)lHHRlOll.I.cro
¢aHa
B
UBCTO'IHOi\ KOMn0311UHH
II
cro
3MOUHOH3JlbHOC B03.D.cifcTBl1C
Ha
'lCJTO-
BCKa
occrJla
6naroroopHO.
flapKOtJble
Ztl30HbI
npl
lHflTO
pa3,D.cmrn.
Ha
Tpll
BHna:
nap-repHbJC,
JTyroBblC,
MaBpUTaHCKliC
- UBC'J)'llIlIC.
flopmepmJlu
lO3OIl
OTnH'taCTCfl r
opUJOHTaJlbHOH
nonepXHOCTblO
If
TWaTCJIbHO
no
nCrpJOKCHHblM 3CJICHbiM KOBPOM OAHOPO,n
HhlX
Tp
aB.
KaK
npaBIIJlO,
0
11
HMCCT
cTpon
lc
rCOMeT]JI1'JCCKHe O'ICpT3HI1JI. flBJIflHCb
HenpeMCHHblM
3JJCMCHTOM
peryJlflPHOro
napKa.
EMY
CBOi1cTBCHHa
rap-
MO
HII
'ICCK<U/ KOJIOPIICTI1'lCCKafl
raMM3,
HC
.n
onyCKalOwaR
H3JfI1WHeH
nccTpOTbi
KpaCOK.
H31llLlHblM
06pa.MJlCHI1CM
nap-repHoro
f330Ha
'laCTO
BbicrynaeT
HCBblCOKaSI.
UBCTO'lHaJI
KaHMa,
JlH60
6op.nKlp,
nH60
paGan:a.
J/ylO6ble
I1.MaepumOHCKtle
Z030Hbl
THnH,{HbI)lJTR
n
apKoB
neH3IDKHO-
fO
CTJiJlSl.
.
l1".m
Oq,OPMJlRIOTCfl o n
ywKI1
JenCHb
lX MaCCI1BOB
If
)f(HoonUC-
HI>le
nOJlflHbl.
Tpasy
JlyfOBblX
ra30HOB
8b1KaWUBaKlT
pe)f(C "
HC
TaK
HH3KO,
KaK
Ha
naprcpax.
MaBpHTaHCKlIe
ra30Hbl
,
nOMHMO
raJOHHblX
rpao
, 3aCeDaIOTCSI O
.n
HOJICTH
It
MI1
UBCTaMII,
'ITO
nplUtaer
11M
SlPKHti
II
nCCTpb11t CCTCCTBCHHblii
o6.nlfK
.
153
YaCTb
til.
naHAWaq,THOe
Io1CKYCCTBO
PM
C.
4 1.
)l(mlaJ/
KOJIOllli
aJJ.a
nanbMooofi
a.rtJ1eu
B
napKe
CpeJlllellCKooofi
aCTpOHOMI1'/e<:Kof! 06cepBaTOpl1l1 .D.)KaHTIlp-MaHTap B CTOJIllUe I1HDl1Il
D,e.nH
AIlneu
-
onlm
113
Ba>KHeAw~tX
KOMn0311WlOHHblX
3neMC
HTOB
nap
-
Koooro
D.HJaHHa. C
06enx
crOPOH
IIX
06cIDKlInalOT
pJUlaml
PIlTMI1'1HO
pacnOJlO>KCHHhIXJlepcm>l!B
Ii
K
ycmpH
I1KOB.
nocrpoeHIlC
aJUlCH
003MO)I(HO
KaK
H
peryn${pHOM,
TaK
H nci1Ja>KHOM
CTHnc.
B
ncpOOM
CJTY'lae
nJ]${
HX
06paMnemui
no.n6l1palOT
.aepCBM{
npeHMymccTseHHO
KOMnaKTHblX
q>OPM: rOJIy6b1C
enH,
nUpaM1WaJlbHhlC
TOnOJ[~,
KUllapHCbl,
naJlbt.ib
l
(pUC
.
4J).
KYCTIlPHHKI1'JaCTO
Cl'pl1ryf
B CTCHK)'. B
ndha>KHblX
napKax
TeHHCTblC
3.JlJIC
li.
Hanponll3,
yronalOT
noD.
paCKIUlHCTblMH
KpoHa~1I1
mm,
KlleHOIl,
nnaTaHOB H
.ap.
154
rnaea 9.
naHAwacpTHbltJ
AjljJa~H
9.
5.
f111aHl-tpoBKa I-t
y6paHCTBO
CllAOBblX
Y'IaCT
K
OB
npouecc
cy6yp6aHHJaUI1H
OXBaTIUl B nocnCD.HIIC ,nCCJITttnCTHR
'ryTb
ml
He
nonMHpa.
He
MIlHOBana
cro
11
POCCI1JI.
MHOfHC
ropo>KaHe
CTaJIIi
libl
HC
BJTa,llCJTb
l
~3MH
3CMCJlhHbIX Y'laCTKOB D
npmopo
llJ
lblX
Can.OHblX KOO-
nepaTlmax.
Ha
nepBblX
nopa
x
npll06pcrcHHbJC
m
CCTb-BoceMh
COTOK
HC
-
nOJTbJOB.:'UU1Ch npeJfM)'lllCCTI:\fHl-lO
nOll
oro(XJllbIl1
TUl0}1000-nroD.Hhle
canbl.
OnHaKo
co BpeMeHCM, nOMI1MO 'UICTO
ynunrrapHblX
uencA,
can,OBblM
}"IaCTKaM
Ha<JMH npl1,l.l.aB3Tb H
peKpeaml0HHblc
Q>}'HKW1I1, 6JJaro 'ITO
11
nJlOluanlt
I1X
003pocrI
tt
llO
1
0-20
)1
60nee
COTOK.
CnCJ].OM
pa
:
mepHynoch
6YPHOC KOITCJl)KHOC
CTpO
IlTCJJbCTBO.
EcrecrSCHHO,
B03HIIlV
l a HeOOXOJlIt-
Mocn.
B
cneunanbHof\
flJIaHnponKe
cana.
ero
xynO>KecrnellHoM
06yCT-
poficme.
n
pH
HaJlHLUHI nCK.TdTO<Jl-lbiX
qniHal-iconhlx
B03MO>KHOCTert
Ta-
K)'IO
pa60Ty
MO}I(HO
nopY\IHTb
cneUltaJlhHO
npI1rnaWCHHOM)'
llliJaJiHepy.
H o
KYlla
HHrepeCHCC H B1:olronHce JaHIIMaTbCH
CIO
caMIlM
3CMnennauenb-
UaM,
opraHlt3Y${
Jlalmwa<!rrHOC
npoCTpaHCTBO Y'laCTKa
comaCHO
c06-
CTBCHHblM
BK}'caM
u npellCTaBJICHHRM 0
rapM01-l1f11
If
Kpacore.
3necb
po>KIlalOTCR
uwpoKlie
ncpcneKTIlBbl
nJ]SI
KOMnOOlll.UI0HHOH
q
>a
H
Ta3ltJf
CauOOO.nOB
.
Ho
CJIen.ySl
np
l
iHunny
npllpollHo-X0
3J1
J
kT
BeH-
H
oA
artaITT
lf
BHOCTit,
uCJlCCoo6pa3Ho
OCTaBaTbCH B
paMK3x
TOro
3Kono-
m'lecKoro
nOTeH
UUaJla, KOTOPblM
pacnOJlaraCT
Hcxo
nHbl~i
CCTCCTDeH-
Hblrt
naHD.wa¢rr.
npnpo.lla
BblJ1.1lI1raC
T
nepeJl
ca.n.ooo.na~m
)!{CCTKHC
TpC-
60BaHIUl
npHcnoc06ncHHJI
K MCCTHOMY
KllltM3ry.
pem,eQ>y, nO<JsaM,
nO'fooo6pa3YlOllUIM
11
nOJl.CTl1JIalOlil
ltM
noponaM,
rpyHTOBbiM
SO)l3M
tt
T.Il
. n
apanne.nbHo
Ha Can.OBhIX
Y'
l
acTKax
lIJl1POKO
npnM
C
HHIOTCJI
pa3-
nlt'
IH
blC
mt)IbI
MeJlnOpaW1Ii
3CMCJlh: .a.pclla>K
sepxouOllKlt
Ii
BbICOKO-
CTOSlIJUlX
rpYHTonhlX
BOD.
,
nOllCblnKa
rpywra n
BbipaBlHlBaHIlC
Ml1KPO-
peJIue¢a,
C03ll,aHHC 11CK)'CCTBCHHOro
ryMycoBO-aKKYMynJITIIBHoro
ro-
pl130HTa
nO'lBbI
11
n p. B
nTOre
I1CnOJlb3yeTCSI
anannlBHo
-aa
annlpylOma
fl
CTpaTentfi
nplipononOnbJO
BaHl
1H.
B
OTlloweHlII
l
J1.IiJa
I
1Ha
Y'lacn<OB
IlCM3
JIO
UC
HH
Oro
MO>KHO
Harmf
B
ca.nOOOM
Hacne,rum nOMeLUII'lbI1X
ycaneG
J1.opeI3OJTIOUHOHHOfi
POCCHH.
B
on-
pellCJJCHHOfl
Mepe
ero
MO)l(HO
pciUlilMllpoBaTb
H B
HalllC
npcMR.
B 3TOM
HacnC
,l
UHf
Mbl
HaXOJ1.HM
YMCJlOC
npHcnoc06neHHc
JananHoenponcAcKJIX
MonCJlcij
perynSlp
l
iOro
11
nel'l3a>KHoro
CaaOOOnCTB3 K P
YCCKOMY
naH)]-
wa¢Ty.
OllH3KO
B
POCC
lll1
6b1J1
Bblpa60r.lH
COOl!
oc06h1jl,
HcnOIITopll-
Mhl}\
ycane6HblH
CTItllb,
BOCneTbiti
HallJm.m
).),lI.Q)I(HIlKaMII H nlicaTCJl5l.·
MH.
0
HCM
ewc
B
XV
III
BeKC
rOllOpH1l OCHOBaTCJlb OTC'ICCTBeHHOro
cano-
lIQiICTBa
A
T.
&l!I0T0U
:
cl3ccro
6wfinaropa3YMHee
6b1J1o
6h
l
Th
HaM,
KOJTIIKO
155
YaCTb
III.
naH,QWaq:nHoe
~CKYCCTBO
MO>KHO,
OCTOIX»KHbfMU
11
lie
CnCWlITh
HIIKaK
nepeHIlMaTb
MaHepbl
Y
,Qpymx,
a
HallC
IICnhlTaTh
npoH3BO,QHTb
canhl
Co6crneHHOro
CBOero
BK)'-
ca,
It
TaKI1C, KOTOphie 6h1,
KMUKO
MO)KHO,
coo6paJHCC
6WIH
C
rnaB-
HetlLUJIMH
'IepTaMU
HaUiero
xapaKTepa
.
51
HC
COMHCBalOCb,
tl
TO
TIlKOBhle
C3,ll.hI
MOrn}!
6
JlIUI"
Hac
6h1Tb
II
npo'"lHCC H npIUITHCC
ocex
npo'"ll1x;
nOTO-
My
'ITO O
Hl
t,
6yl{}"lU
cornaC
Hhi
C HaUJHMI1 CKnOHHOCTJIMII,
Morrol
6 JIO-
CTaBIiTb
HaM
M
Horo'lll
cncHHhle
yn0801TbCTBIUl H }'BCCeTlCHIUI.
112,
c.
61
J.
ArranTllponaHHblc
K
HalliHM
ycnOBIUIM
OTe'lCCTBCHHhlC
napHaHTbl
perynJl"pHoro
11
ncfl3.DKHoro
CTHJlcii
OCidJOTC5I rJlaBeHCTBylOLUHMH B
Ca,llOBOM
npoeKTllpOBaHtHt
no
een
.ll.C
Hb. B eanOBbJX
Koonepanmax
I1X
np"MeHCIHIC,
KOItC'IHO.
orpaHII'ICHO
II
e60nh
wliMU
paJMcpaMH
)lI.taCT-
KOB, HO
BnOJlHe
D.OC1)'n1m, 1(3)f(C
cernl
CTIlBIiTb
UeTlblO
eOlffilHI1C
HC
TonbKO
ea.o.a
.llJlR OT,nhlxa, HO
11
eana-oropo.aa.
J.1
D.ID1
TOro,
It
.unR .ll.PY-
roro
MO>KHO
HaHTII
nOCTaTO'IHO
MCcra,
CCJIII B BaWCM pacnOpH)I(CH1H1
8-
10
eOTOK
JCMllH,
lie
rooop51
a 6onbUJI1X n]JOwa,DJlX. PCKpeaUlIOHHa51
'IaCTb
eana
o6h1'rHO
pa3Mcw.aercR
B
HaJ.f6onbweM
ynancHltII
OT no,nbC3.ll-
H0I1110pont.
KaK
It
nplt
YCTpottcTBC n
apKOD,
rnaBHblM11
CTpOifTenbHbl
-
MI1
KOMnOHC'-ITaM11
JlaHlUll8¢rrHOro
ll}I3a11Ha
OCTaJOTI:H
lllCCb
paCTH-
TCJlbHblA
MHP,
oo.na, KaMC
Hb
.
HeM
aJlO xynO>KCCTBeHH
Oro
3¢lQ>eKTa MO>K-
HO .ll.06ltTbC5I,
YMcno
I1cno]JbJY51
nn8CTlfKY
pem.ec:lm.
CTJH)ro
CHMMCTpH'IIIb1H
peryJlHPlfblH
ca,n.
n03BQmICT
paWIOHanbHO
I1
CnO]Jb30BaTb OrpaHJ1'lCHHOC
npoc
TpaHcT
BO
(puc,
42).
OH
UMnoHHpyer
DKyeaM
mOActl
aKK"ypaTHhiX H
OpraHHJOBaHlfbfX,
Jlf06SHUUX
cTpOnlti
nopRJIOK
BQ
seeM,
'ITO
I1X
OKp)')K8CT.
PCry.rmPHbftl
UBeTHHK
liJIII
napTep-
Hhln
I"3JOH
BCcrna
r
apMOHH'lHO
COOTHOCRTCJI
C
¢acanOM
ltOMa-KOTTen-
>Ka,
n
epen
KOTOPblM
6blBalOT
paJ6I1Th1. H
eno.naneK"y
OT
,nor.ta
'lacTO
co-
3,11aCTC5I
TaK
HaJblnaCMblA
BHyrpCHHI1A
D,BOpUK,
JaMbiKaCM
bln
lij)CBCC-
HO- K"yCT'JPHI1KODhiM OKP)')KCHlICM.
Ero I1cno]Jh3)'lOT llJIJI
npl
·ICMa
rocren,
'I8CmITHSI,
THxoro
OTllwxa
U
'ITeHlU
l,
HaCTOJIbHhlX
IUP
~I
6ecc,ll
Ha
CBC-
>KCM
003,llyxc.
Or
TeppaCb[
,nmra
K
BHyrPCHHCMY
,nBOP
IiKY
Hcnnoxo
npo
-
nO)l(llTb
JeneH)'IO
ranepclO
11
3 SblOLUI1XCH
JIIi8Ho06pa
:
mblx
pacrCHHi1
Ha
CBOll'laTbfX
onopax
-
He'lTO
SPOllC
neprO]JhI.
KaK
BCcr,na,
npeK
paCH
hlM YKpaWCHI1CM
,[(
l
lH
ca.aa
RBJlJl"JOTI:R
BO,llO
-
CMbI.
D.a)l(e
cooceM
HC6o.nbUJoi1
6acceAH,
06paMncHHhlfi
11CK)'CH
biM
MOUlCHI1CM
11
3CJICHbIMIi n0caL1KaM11, 6e3YCJTOBHO, O)l(I1SMICT H
PaJHO-
06pa3HT
canoBylO
cpeny.
Ha
C8MOM CO]JHC'lHOM n
eyxoM
MCCTe
npn
-
BhI'
lH
O Bil11CTb
aJlbmltlcK)'IO
ropKy,
rnc
Cpell
if
KaMCHliCThiX P83BaJ10B
BbipaLUl1B::UO
TC5I
>KIlBOnnCHhiC
rpynnllpoBKIf
paCTCHlft"1 -
nCTpoqlllT08.
Or
HbC3,/lHblX
BOpoT
K BXOny 110"18
TpaIDlUHOHliO
npoKnanbfBaerC5I
n a
pan
Ha5I 3JlJIeH. B Cpe,llHCH
nOJloce
POCClIIl
'laUiC
occro
11IfnOBrut. Ee,
156
C
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
rnaea
9.
flaHAWa¢>THbiA
A\II3aAH
0
0
0
0
•
•
0
•
0
0
•
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
•
0
0
0
EH33
I 1"
...
\
",,1
12
~
1
G3J13
mill J
[IJJ
14
roo:oJ 4
<=
15
1.£..:..l£l
~
~16
fO""07l
17
l."-.!..J
~7
RTT'l'8
~
l:.l:.l.:.CJ
CEIl
8
f22Z:l19
~9g1
0
MI00JJ]lI
[!][J11~ll
E23
20}4681OM
PMC
.
42.
BaPI13HT
nn8H
llpo
nKII C8,Il.080ro Y'18CTKa, nnOLU3,ll.hlO \0 COTO", C
.fl
IlJaHHOM
peKpeau
l
loHHOIi
30HbI
B
pe
ryn
HpHoM
CT
l
tJ
le
:
I _
)l(1I}10R
JlOM
; 2 _
-reppaca
.
Pel(peo~lJOtjllaR
. ma: 3 -
ncpr
Ol1a, yunTlljl
P0
33
"II1 ; 4 -
60cKCT nll1cKOpaTllBHLlX
1(}'CT
3pIUH
::
OB
(KWlItI
18,
'1)
"6Y
WllllK,
"pra
11
np.): 5 -
UIICTlmK
Ifl
pol
; 6 _
Wl
bfll,flCK
3J1
ropKa
; 7 -
rpynn3
I1l
3- 5 llCpeBbCB (l1lm
a,
6epela,
p~G~Ha
Ii
IIp
.); 8 _
COI1I1TCP
(,nyti, I()ICII, IGIIUTIlII); 9 - Don
oeM
;
10
- UBeTO'IIIb1fl
napTc~
,
II
_
CK
3Mh$I;
12
_ JleKopaTIlIIllbiC K)
'C
TaPIlUKII;
13
-
TJ
)l
H
~
AHOfl
ra301I
; 14 - 1-pa
Il
IIll
HaA
.a,
oPO)l(IQl;
15
- )l(I!B81I
x.ntlUUI
Hl ropo.ll.h
Hl
CfpI1JKCllbiX
~)"CT<lPIIIIK
O
Il
(
C
~HpeA
,
60$1 ·
pblWHIIK
. )l(IIMMOCTh,
KHlltJlbllIIK
,
6apfiaPIlC
H
/l
p.). X 0
111u
C
mee1lltOli
:JO
HO
.
16
-
I
UlO
~
/lOBbiA
can;
17 _
AromlllK
;
18
_
oropon
;
19
- opallll\epeJl;
20
- capaA;
21
- ra paJK,
22 -
napa!l.HaJI
a.
i
ll1CJI
;
23
- n()JJbe3,!l.IIIDI no
pora
.
157
4aCTb
III
.
flaHAWacpTHOe
Io1CK)'CCTBO
KaK
11
CMOBblC
l{OpmKKH,
npUHHTO
nO
KpblBaTb
c.n
oeM
rpaBHR
111111
Bbl-
CTltllaTb
nJlllTKoi
t
CnCU
lt
arIbHoe
nC
KOpaTHBHOC
MOllleHHC
He
3aHHThlX
3CllCHblMH HaCa)l(JlCHlH1MI1 Y'-I8CTK
OB
ca,rr8 - Onl1H H3
~
llxI>cKTltBHblX
npl
lCMOB COBPCMCHHOro
naHll
w
a¢nloro
,lllt3anH8.
I1Y4WI1M
06P8M
JlCHHCM
accro
yti3CTKa
CJly)!(aT
3CJTCH
b
iC
l.f3ropOlU
l.
npCneT8BJ1CHHWC 3.:KYPHhlMH H8C3)((llCHIU1MH BblCOKJ.tX S
1,5
- 3 M
K)'C-
TapHI1K06,
OHIt
OIJCHb
)i(UBomIeHbI.
r JlYXHe Jl,OUl3TbIC
WIH
K3MCHHblC
J360pbl,
HanpoTHB,
p3JpywalOT
I1HTI1MHylO can.onyJO
aypy
.
H CCMOTPH
H3
orp3HJ1llel-lHOCTb
nnOLUal
]Jl,
pCKpCaUI10HHaH JOHa
e3,llOOOfO ytJaCTK3, MO)l(CT
6b
ITb
npc)1
CraBJICHa " B
BHJ]C
H
c60Jl
hworo
IICH3IDKHOro
napKa
(pHe.
43). 06UU1.M
$cHOM
BCCH
KOMnOJHUHIt
BHAHT-
e}!
S1pKO-JCnCI-Ibl
it
TpaBHHott
raJOH
(
ny
r
oBoH
1
1J1
11
M3B
Pll
Ta
HCKI1H).
LJ.nH
liaCTl14Horo
JaTCHC
HlUI
H8
HCM BblCa)K
lmalOT
pcm:o
CTOHlUl1C lICPCBbH
C n.OCTIlTO
qH
O
paJnCCHCTblMU
KpOH8MI1
(Jll1nbl,
KJICHbI,
KaWTaHbl).
Oopotl
HX
JaMC
HJlJOT
nJlOllOB
blMH
-
}lM
OI-tCt1,
rpywcH.
HaH60Jlcc
CHJlbHblM 3
MOUl10HarlbHblM
aKueHTOM
napKa
o6bJllHO
c.n
)')KHT OO,lloeM C )i(
IIB
O
ml
C
HbIMH
, Hc
rrp
3
BlVlbHblX
04CPTaHHH
6cpera-
MH H JaPOCJlHMH T3KHX rn.n:PO<llHTOB,
KaK
tcyBllHIHKa
6cJla5l
(HMcHye
-
MaR B H
aponc
BOJISIHOH
JTHllIfCn un H nOTOCOM
ccscpa),
K)'6bIWKa
H
II
p.
)J..rI
fl
KOHTpacT
a
no
coce.uCTBY C BOn.oeMOM OOJMO)f(HO COOP)')KCHHC
arIb
-
nHH8puR
C
xaO
TH'IC
C
KHM
H8rpOMO)f(
JI,ClH1CM
K3MCHHblX
fJTbl6,
nO
lI
cpHyrblx
pa3HollBCTHott
ruJCl-lKOH H
3KHn
HblX
JlH
llJaHH
HKOB, H
rHC3-
)UlIU
HM
HCH
B
paClUc
Jl
HllaX
nc'Tp<>¢I1TaMI1. J.l,peBCCHO-K)'CTIlPlIlfKOBblC
Ha-
ea)I(.Uem
u(
B
B
~
1ne
K)
'pTI1H,
MarlblX
pOIUI1U.
3CJ(C
HOro
06paMJlCHI1S1
Blw
r-
pCHHCro
D.BOPI1
KU,
K8K
np8BHJlO
,
yCl)'nalOT
no
Ja
HHM
aCMoA
cyMMapHo
nllOWaD.H OTKpblTbfM
npocrpa
HCTBO
M. B Ca..!lax rrcHJa)l(HOrO
CTJ1.l15l
onTIl-
MaJIb
Hb
lM npl1HRTO Or:JITaTh
repp
llTOp"
aJlbl-lOC COOTHOUJeHItC
TC
X
lI
.u
py
-
mx,
npH6muKalOwcccR
K 30JlOTOH
nponopmm.
KaJ<
SH
D-
HO,
ooc
npoH3Be)lCHlI
e B
Ma..rrbIX
M8CWTIl6ax
KJ\8CClI'ICCKI1X
..
KOMno3J.1U
rui
CaD.onO-
1l8pKoooro
HCtcyCCTBa
nnOllHC
D.OC
T
ynHO
H
D.JlR
ca)l;oBona
-
llI06wreJUl.
npl1
~TOM
OOJMO)J(Hbl
MHoroo6pa3HblC
napJfaUHl.f
1I3BeCTHblX
CTHJlcit
JtI
HC
TOJlbKO OTC'l.CCTBCHHbIX
111111
JanallHOCBpO-
ncticKllx,
110
II
BOCTO'lHbIX, S 'laCTHOCTH
11
3
5lIllHblX
HnOHCKHX Ma..rrblX
ca.n.on
I1J11I
IIcnaHo
-
Ma
BplfT
8HCK
l1X
nsopuKoB
Tl1na
naTHO.
OlUi
a
Ko
CIllC
pa3
n
OlI'l.cpKHCM:
Bee
olm
nOJl
)l(Hbl6b1Tb
OllTHMarlbHO
npHcnoc06J1cHbI
K MCCTHb
lM
npupolIHblM
YCJlOBU5lM H COOTBeTCTBOBaTb
~THOKyJlhT
y
p
HblM
BtcycaM.
06
nOM
HeJlb3H Ja6b1BaTb, nOJlb3YflCb MHorO'l.I1CJlCHHbl-
Mil
3apy6e)l(
I'
lblM
I1
II<lCTaBJICHI15lMI1
no
Jl3H.nW3<PTHOMY .nl13aAuy
CMO
-
BhlX
)"lacTKoB,
KOTOPblC B
06HnHH
nO
Hm
11l11Cb
B
no
c.nC)lI-H1e
rO
llb
l
Ha
poc
c
ltikKOM
KHII)I(HOM
phll
i
KC
154,
62
If
D.p.
].
1
58
rn
aea
9.
flaHAWactnHbll7t
A"'Ja~H
• •
•
•
0
•
"
•
•
Ii
0
•
•
0
~
EEttI
I IZJ"
0
•
•
0
0
%
%
l8:8J
2~12
C
o 0
0
0 •
"
0
C
0
0
0
0
0
c
•
1
=13~13
0
0
x
1°'
01
o
••
4
1°0
°1
14
~
5/
"0:":
0
1
15
~
v •
6
!IITl16
10
~
7E2ZJ17
•
c::zJ
8
~18
•
%
~
9
[llJ19
%
0
• 0
•
0
rn:J
l
eU
20
"
•
~
"
0
~
m "
2 0 4 6 8
10
"
Pile.
43.
B
ap
HaHT
nnaHHpo
BKH
caaouo
ro }"laCTKa, nJlOUla.!lblO
10
eOTO
K,
c
D.
H
laH
HOM
pcKpeaUI10HHOA 30Hbi B
nef
lla)f(HOH
cTlme
:
I - )l(l1JIoff ,nOM; 2 -
TePpaca.
Pe~
;pe(Ju.UOIfN(JR
301/0; 3 -
MoweHaR
r
UloruaLlKa
; 4 -
BH)'TpeHHJ.1/l
,nllOPJ.1K
B
06paMJIc
HJ.1
1t
neKoparu
DH
blx
K}'CT.tpmIKoll
(KaJlItHa, 'r
yGywHlt
K,
wpra
H
J1
p.); 5 -
aJl
bJlllHapJ.1H: 6 -
cMeru!lHllblH
mrrnJ.1HCKlfir ItIlCTHHK C K)'CTapmIKaMH
(nCPCH
6em.rfi,
Kpo
uallOKpaCHbiA H
11
p.); 7 - llO,noeM; 8 - -rpaI3RHOff
raWH
; 9 -
napKO-
soe
HaclI)I(.[IeHllC
J.13
nHllbl
, KJlelra, 6ePC3b1, p!l6l11rbl 1
10
TpaBSIHOMY
ra30IIY;
10
-
6ecen-
Ka;
11
- CKaMb
ll
;
12
-
npc
pblBltCnUr
Dopo)KKa
1-13
IlJIJ.1TKI-I
;
13
-
K)
'CTap
rrJ.1KO
mUl J.13ro-
po.!lb
(cnl-l
pcR, 6oSlPblWIIJ.1K, )l(
I-IM
OJIOCTb
.
KJ.13WrblIJ.1
K,
1I
111110DHJ.1K
J.1
I1p.).
Xomucm6ell-
NOR
30110:
14
_
nn0
J1
0Bblff
C"
\I1; 15 -
JlroIl
tlllK
; 16 -
oropon;
17 -
opa
ll
)l(epeR: 18 -
capa/l;
19
-
mpa)l(
;
20
- rlapaLlHaH
!IJlJlCH
; 21 - nQlll>C3IlHaR
lIopora
.