Martel Gordon. A Companion to Europe 1900-1945
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Index
A la recherché du temps perdu (Proust) 153
Abegg, Wilhelm 15
abortion 46, 92, 94, 298–9, 304, 367
Abyssinian crisis 271, 384, 409, 417
Academic Karelia Society 317
Action Française 311, 317, 319
Action of the Gueux 465
Adler, Friedrich 249, 251
Adorno, Theodore 31
Aehrenthal, Count Alois 185
Agadir crisis 185–6
Agnelli, Giovanni 110
Aid and Rescue Committee 481
Albania 230, 312–13, 320
Aldington, Richard 154
Alexander II, Tsar 146, 166
Alexander III, Tsar 166, 244
Alexander, Field Marshal Sir Harold 449
Alexandrov, Grigori 353
Algeciras Conference 184
Alliance for Women’s Suffrage
(Germany) 40
Alltagsgeschichte 457
Alsace-Lorraine 175, 181, 230–1, 237,
240, 273, 328, 332, 417, 457
Amsterdam 73, 177, 466, 496
anarchism 59, 70, 92, 135, 140, 146, 175,
317, 385–6
Anderson, Hans Niels 237
Anderson, M. S. 137
Anderson, Sir John 460
Anglo-German naval agreement 409
Anglo-Japanese Alliance 183
Anglo-Russian Convention 183
Anglo-Soviet agreement of mutual
assistance 431
anomie 53
Anschluss 99, 330, 335, 360, 388, 411,
476
Anti-Comintern Pact 409
Antonescu, General Ion 462
Antwerp 73, 228
Apitz, Bruno 491
Apollinaire, Guillaume 50, 57, 156–8
appeasement 276, 288, 328, 334–6, 376,
384, 388, 407, 415, 422, 431, 433
Aragon, Louis 60, 63
Armstrong, Louis 346
Army Bureau of Current Affairs
(ABCA) 448
Arp, Hans 58
Arrivée d’un train à La Ciotat 160
Arrow Cross (Nyilas) 462
art nouveau 51
Asquith, Herbert H. 169, 203, 207
Association de Mariage Chrétien 94
Attlee, Clement 398
Aubrac, Lucie 467
Auchinleck, Field Marshal Sir Claude 449
Auclert, Hubertine 38
Augspurg, Anita 42
Auschwitz 479, 495, 498, 501
authoritarianism 127, 310–11, 313–14,
316–23, 375, 377, 382, 386
540 index
avant garde 7, 50, 52, 54, 56–65, 70, 346
Azaña, Manuel 377, 382, 386–7
Baader, Joannes 59
Babi Yar (Kuznezov) 499
bacteriology 22, 88
Baden-Powell, Robert 69–70
Baker, Josephine 60, 343, 346, 352, 358
Baldwin, Peter 17, 83
Baldwin, Stanley 329, 397, 427
Balfour, Arthur 177
Ball, Hugo 58
Ballets Russes 159
Barbie, Klaus 496
Barbusse, Henri 63, 283
Barcelona 110, 386
Barnett, Corelli 460
Barney, Natalie 87
Barrès, Maurice 68
Bateau Lavoir 157
Battle of Britain 394, 430
Battle of the Atlantic 401–2
Battle of the Somme, The 161
Battleship Potemkin (Eisenstein) 60
Bauer, Otto 251
Bauhaus 62, 346
Bauman, Zygmunt 484
Bechet, Sidney 346
Beck, Colonel Josef 413–14
Becker, Jean-Jacques 207–8
Beckett, Ian 211, 458
Belgium 103–4
1914 invasion and occupation of 189,
199, 203, 207, 209, 214, 234
1940 invasion and occupation of 429,
457–8, 462, 466, 479, 482, 489
Congo 127
Entente aims in 231, 237, 239–40
German aims in 228–9, 231, 237
memories of WWII and
Holocaust 495–6
reparations for 272–3
Bełz
.
ec 479
Benedict XV, Pope 233
Beneˇs, Eduard 328
Bennett, Rab 468
Berlin 16, 197, 348, 380, 426, 428
memories of WWII and Holocaust 492,
501
and modernism 53, 57, 59, 61–2, 346
and Nazism 286, 344
Olympic games 73, 410
and sexuality 83, 86, 88–9
urban development of 6, 8
and working class 172
and WWI 205–7, 209, 235, 239, 253–4
and WWII 430–1, 477, 479
Bernhardt, Sarah 160
Bernstein, Eduard 172–3
Best, Nellie 42
Bethe, Hans 29
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald von 184,
187–9, 202, 206, 229–30, 236–7
Beveridge Report 460
Białystok 479–80
Biennio Rosso 285, 378
Binet, Alfred 86
Birkenau 479
Bismarck, Otto von 9–10, 120, 125, 171–
3, 175, 179, 181, 192, 264, 333
Blast 155, 159
Blaue Reiter (Blue Riders) 55
Blitzkrieg xxv, 394, 458–9
Bloch, Marc 382, 388
Blomberg, General Werner von 410
Bło´nski, Jan 498
Bloody Sunday (Russia) 167, 244, 246
Blum, Léon 381–4, 388–9, 426, 429
Blunden, Edmund 224
Bock, Gisela 43, 367
Boer War 11, 119, 126, 145, 309
Bohemia 99, 174, 230, 249, 312, 457
Bohr, Niels 20–1, 29, 54
Bolsheviks 92, 108, 139, 306, 334, 426,
432, 452
and modernism 58–9, 62
and revolution 45, 59–60, 202, 235,
239, 244, 246–7, 251–2, 292–303
Bomber Command 399–400
Bonnet, Georges 428
Bonsal, Stephen 262
Booth, Charles 8–9
Bosnia-Herzegovina 174, 184–5, 187, 230
Bosnian annexation crisis 184–5
Bourbon Prince Sixtus de 238
Boy’s Friend 199
Boyle, Nina 46
Brand, Adolf 86
Brandt, Willy 491, 496
Braque, Georges 56, 156–7, 162
Bratislava 481
Braybon, Gail 41
index 541
Brecht, Bertolt 50, 59
Bremen 253, 363, 370
Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of 239, 292
Breton, André 60–1, 63
Bretton Woods Conference 106
Briand, Aristide 231, 333
Brion, Hélène 42
British Broadcasting Corporation
(BBC) 431, 465–6, 498
British Expeditionary Force (BEF) 208,
219, 221–2, 225
British Legion 283
British Society for the Study of Sexual
Psychology 88
British Union of Fascists (BUF) 322
Brittain, Vera 72, 329
Broadway Melody 353
Broken Blossom 347
Brooke, Rupert 71, 204
Brown, Dr. Felix 398
Brown, Ford Madox 152
Brown-Sequard, Charles E. 87
Brüning, Heinrich 380
Brusilov, General Aleksei 235
Brussels 89, 177, 496
Buchenwald 15, 479, 492
Budapest 53, 57, 83, 174, 251, 330, 481
Bulgaria
and Balkan wars 99, 186
between the wars 292, 309, 311,
329–30
and peace settlement of 1919 267, 274
and WWI 230, 234–5, 240
and WWII 435–6, 457, 479, 483
Bullock, Alan 161
Bülow, Count Bernhard von 172, 183
Bund Deutscher Mädel 77
Bund für Mutterschutz 91
Burgfrieden 138, 201–2
Burleigh, Michael 457, 463
Butler, Josephine 85
Cabaret Voltaire 58–9
Cabiria 160
Cadorna, General Luigi 220
Cain, P. J. 121
Calder, Angus 460
Calligrammes 57
Cameroons 232
Campbell, John 456
Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry 169
Canning, Kathleen 141
Caporetto, Battle of 220, 235, 239
carnet anthropometrique 15
Carnet B 203
Carol II, King 318
Carpenter, Edward 86
Carr, E. H. 334
Carson, Edward 170
cartel des gauches 282
Casement, Roger 235
Casti Connubii 92
Catholic Center Party (Germany) 142–3,
256
Catt, Carrie Chapman 46
Caucasus 234, 301, 433–4
Cavell, Edith 41
Cecil, Lord Robert 269–70
C
ˇ
etniks 465
Cezanne, Paul 156–8
Chamberlain, Austen 332, 339
Chamberlain, Neville 335–6, 407, 412–14,
416, 420, 422, 427–9, 433
Chandler, Alfred 110–12, 115
Chaplain, Charlie 347
Chełmno 479
Chevalier, Maurice 344–5, 464
Chicago School 7
Christian Socialist Party (Austria) 251, 380
Christian X, King 237
Churchill, Winston 128, 398, 426–37,
440, 456, 459, 498
Clair, René 348, 353
Clemenceau, Georges 175–6, 263–7, 272,
328
Cline, Catherine 329
Cocteau, Jean 346
Codreanu, Corneliu 318
Colin, Paul 60
collectivization 62, 300–1, 307, 353, 459,
463
Colley, Linda 129
Cologne 62, 110, 332
Combat 466
Comintern 292, 294, 306, 330, 378–83,
386, 388–90, 418
Communist Party (France – PCF) 381,
383–4, 388
Communist Party (Germany – KPD) 314,
365, 370–1, 375, 380
Communist Party (Italy – PCI) 378–9,
494–5
542 index
Communist Party (Spain – PCE) 386–7
Comrades of the Great War 283
Concerning the Spiritual in Art
(Matisse) 55
Confederación Española de Derechas
Autónomas (CEDA) 385–7, 390
Confédération Générale du Travail
(CGT) 202, 383
Congress Dances 353
Congress of Oppressed Peoples 249
Conrad von Hötzendorf, General
Franz 187, 191, 248
Conrad, Joseph 152–3
Conservative Party (Britain) 125, 168–71,
176, 282–3, 434
Constantinople 99, 184, 232, 234–5,
238
constructivism 50–1, 58, 60–2
Contagious Diseases Act (Britain) 85
contraception 45–6, 84, 88, 91–4, 367
Coolidge, Calvin 273
Copenhagen 21, 88, 110, 481
Cormouls-Houlès, Édouard 10
Coubertin, Baron Pierre de 73
Coulondre, Robert 427
Council for Aid to Jews (Z
.
egota) 482
Council of Five 266
Council of Four 266–7
Council of Ten 265–7
Cowman, Krista 39
Craiglockhart Hospital 218
Crete 431
criminology 14–15
Crisis of European Sciences, The
(Husserl) 31
critical theory 29
Croix de Feu 284
cubism 51, 53, 56–7, 60, 63, 155–9
Cunliffe, Lord 273
Cunningham, Valentine 376
Curie, Marie 24, 29
Curtius, Julius 334
Curzon, Lord Nathaniel 127
Czech National Committee 250
Czech National Council 249
Czechoslovak-Soviet Treaty of Mutual
Assistance 411
Czechoslovakia xix, 43, 310
between the wars 332, 335, 380, 388,
407–8, 410–13, 415, 417, 419, 426–7,
476, 487
creation of xxiv, 99, 249–51, 269, 274,
312
D’Annunzio, Gabriel 70, 314
D’Haussonville, Othenin 8
Dachau 479, 502
dada 50–1, 58–62, 65
Dahl, Hans Fredrik 463
Dahrendorf, Ralf 366
Daily Mirror 207
Daily Telegraph 237, 460
Daladier, Edouard 382, 388
Dalí, Salvadore 29, 61
Danzig 266, 269, 271, 273, 413–15, 420,
457
Darwin, Charles 10, 22, 51, 53, 162
Darwinism 18, 22, 191, 198
Davidson, Roger 83
Davis, Norman 272
Davison, Emily 170
Dawes Plan 331
D-Day 400, 446, 460, 498
de Gaulle, Charles 393, 430, 436, 466–7,
496
Debrecen 481
Degrelle, Léon 462
DeGroot, Gerard 203
Deist, Wilhelm 253, 257
Denmark 3, 12, 108
feminist movement in 38, 43, 46
and WWI 229–30, 237
and WWII 16, 429, 457, 465, 479,
481, 483, 495, 501
Depression 101, 104, 106, 110, 121, 281,
303, 448
Nazism, fascism and 75, 321–2, 334,
359–61, 369, 380
Der Eigen 86
Derby, Lord 283
Dernburg, Bernhard 126
Dessau 62
Deutscher Textilarbeiterverband 141
Diaghilev, Serge 159
Dialectic of Enlightenment (Adorno) 31
Diary of a Young Girl (Frank) 491
Dickens, Charles 152
Die Grosse Politik der Europäischen
Kabinette, 1871–1914 331
Dietrich, Otto 77
Dimitrov, Georgi 382
Disarmament Conference 333
index 543
Dix, Otto 59
Dobson, Sean 252
Dolchstoss 285
Doolittle, Hilda (H. D.) 154–5
Doriot, Jacques 322, 462
Douhet, Guilio 398
Dovzhenko, Aleksandr 348
Dreadnought 169, 182, 400
Dresden 62, 493
Dreyfus affair 54, 175, 177
Drieu la Rochelle, Pierre 61
drôle de guerre (phoney war) 428–9
Dublin 235
Duchamp, Marcel 60
Duchêne, Gabrielle 42
Dulles, John Foster 272
Dunaevsky, Isaak 353
Dunkirk 430
Durkheim, Emile 7, 13, 53
Easter Rising 235
Ebert, Friedrich 240, 254–5
Economic Consequences of the Peace, The
(Keynes) 267
Edison, Thomas 160
Ego and Its Own, The (Stirner) 159
Egoist, The 155–6, 159, 162
Ehrlich, Paul 28, 89
Eichmann, Adolf 473
Einsatzgruppen 432, 451–2
Einstein, Albert 20–1, 23, 26, 29, 54
Eisenstein, Sergei 50, 60, 62, 348
El Alamein, Battle of 442, 451
Eley, Geoff 145, 148, 502
Eliot, George 152
Eliot, T. S. 50, 57, 158
Ellington, Duke 346
Ellis, Havelock 84, 86
Éluard, Paul 60
Endell, August 4
Enemy of the Stars, The (Lewis) 159
Entartete Kunst 62
Entente Cordiale 183–4
Ernst, Max 60
Estonia xxiv, 99, 274, 297, 309, 311, 322,
458, 477, 501
eugenics 4, 8, 11–12, 14, 18, 30–1, 73,
92
Eulenberg, Philip von 86
Eupen-Malmédy 273, 457, 464
expressionism 51, 55, 57–8, 160
Fabian Society 127, 159
Fairbanks, Douglas 347
Faisceau 317
Falange Española 81, 322
Falkenhayn, General Erich von 235–6
Farm Inheritance Law (Germany) 361
Farr, Harry 219
Farrar, Lancelot L. 188
Fascio di Combattimento (Combat
Group) 315
Fatherland Party (Germany) 240
Fauves (Wild Beasts) 55
Federated Union of Veterans (UF) 283–4
Fein, Helen 483
Feldman, Gerald 273
Ferdinand, Archduke Franz 146, 180,
187, 198, 203, 205, 248
Ferguson, Niall 121–2, 199, 210–11,
226–7, 235, 242
Ferro, Marc 208
Ferry, Jules 125
Fiat (Fabbrica Italiana di Automobili
Torino) 110
Finland 12, 37, 41
between the wars 305, 311, 314–15,
317–19, 322, 330
creation of xxiv, 99, 167, 274
and WWI 239
and WWII 429, 457, 479, 501
Fire 160
First Balkan War 186
Fischer, Fritz 190, 194, 229, 242
Fiume 266, 314, 327
Five-Year plans 5, 62, 301, 307–8, 418
Flaubert, Gustave 152
Flex, Walter 71
Flint, F. S. 154
Flood, P. F. 207
Foch, General Ferdinand 200, 263, 435
Foot, Michael 465
Ford, Ford Madox 7, 151, 153, 161, 163
Ford, Henry 109–10
Ford, Isabella 42
Ford Motor Company 109–10
Fordism 109–10, 384, 462
Forel, Auguste 84
Forward from Liberalism (Spender) 377
Foucault, Michel 85
Four Year Plan (Germany) 365, 410, 458
Fourteen Points 233, 239, 249, 253, 272,
330
544 index
Franco, General Francisco 44, 309, 322,
388, 494
Franco-Czechoslovak alliance 411
Franco-Soviet Pact of Mutual
Assistance 411, 426
Frank, Anne 491, 496
Frankfurt 62
Frankfurt School 29, 31
Franz Joseph, Emperor 173–5, 248–9
Freemasons 366, 368
Freewomen, The 155
Freideutsche Jugend 69–70
Freikorps 59, 254, 315
Fremdarbeiter 364
Frente Popular 387
Freud, Sigmund 51, 53, 57, 84, 87, 150–
4, 162, 164
Freymond, Jean 458
Fritsch, General Werner von 410
Front Populaire 381–2, 384
frontoviki 442
Fry, Roger 156
Fuller, J. F. C. 393
functionalism 51
futurism xxv, 7, 50–1, 60, 63, 65, 70, 76,
80, 155, 157, 160
Futurism and Fascism (Marinetti) 61
Futurismo 61
Galicia 230, 245, 248–50
Gallipoli 214, 219–21, 223–4, 227, 234
Gamelin, General Maurice 417, 421
Gaudier-Brzeska, Henri 157
Gawthorpe, Mary 155
Gay, Peter 136, 145
Geddes, Patrick 5
Geneva Convention 451–2
Genoa Conference 327
Gerard, James 206
German Labor Front (DAF) 360–1,
364–7
German Nationalist Party (Austria) 251
German Workers Party 318
Germany’s Aims in the First World War
(Fischer) 229
Gestapo 363, 365, 367–71, 466
Giacometti, Augusto 58
Gide, André 63
Gildea, Robert 138
Gilles (Drieu la Rochelle) 61
Giovinezza 76
Girl Guides 69, 74
Gish, Lillian 347
Gold Rush, The 347
Goldhagen Daniel 492, 502
Good Soldier, The (Ford) 151–3, 158–9,
161, 163
Goodbye to all that (Graves) 456
Gorbachev, Mikhail 499
Göring, Hermann 362–3, 365, 399, 459,
479
Gort, General John 449
Gotha bombers 396–8
Gramsci, Antonio 379
Graves, Robert 224, 329, 456
Grayzel, Susan 41, 43
Great Illusion, The (Angell) 200
Great Patriotic War 437, 448, 459, 499
Great Train Robbery, The (Porter) 161
Greece
and Balkan wars 99, 186
between the wars 274, 310–11, 320–2
and WWII 431, 436, 457, 461, 465–7,
479, 482
Grew, Joseph C. 233
Grey, Sir Edward 182, 189, 203, 237–8
Gropius, Walter 50, 62
Gross, Jan 498
Großen Deutschen Kunstausstellung 62
Grosz, Georges 59
Guchkov, Alexander 168
Guderian, General Heinz 394
Guernica (Picasso) 63
Guesde, Jules 203
gypsies see Sinti and Roma
H. D. (Hilda Doolittle) 154–5
Haase, Hugo 202, 254
Haber, Fritz 26, 28
Hahn, Otto 21
Haimson, Leopold 244
Halbwachs, Maurice, 488
Haldane mission 182
Hale, Oron J. 136
Halévy, Elie 277
Halifax, Lord 410, 420
Hall, Radclyffe 87
Hamburg 253
Hankey, Sir Maurice 266
Hanssen, Peter 206
Hardie, Keir 150
Hardy, Thomas 152
index 545
Harris, Sir Arthur 399
Hasegawa, Tsuyoshi 246
Hausmann, Raoul 59
Headlam-Morley, Sir James 262
Healey, Denis 441
Heartfield, John 59
Heidegger, Martin 31
Heimat (Homeland – television
miniseries) 491
Heimwehr 314, 318, 322, 379–80
Heisenberg, Werner 19, 21, 29, 54
Hennings, Emmy 58
Henry James (Ford) 153
Herzfelde, Wieland 59
Heydrich, Reinhard 479
Heymann, Lida Gustava 42
Himmler, Heinrich 479, 481
Hindenburg, General Paul von 234, 236,
238, 239–40, 252
Hipper, Admiral Franz 253
Hirschfeld, Gerhard 463
Hirschfeld, Magnus 84, 86, 88
History of Sexuality, The (Foucault) 85
Hitler, Adolf xix, xxiii, 110, 309–10, 322,
333, 356, 375, 378, 400, 443
coming to power 286, 318, 359, 380
and expansionism 76, 99, 229, 269,
274, 335–7, 369, 383–4, 387–8
and Holocaust 473, 475–6, 478, 491–4
and origins of WWII xxvii, 407–20
policies in power 26, 77, 360–1, 364–7,
447, 450
and USSR 304–5, 382, 394, 425–8,
430–4
and WWII 400, 428–34, 437, 448, 450,
452, 457–8, 462–3
Hitler Youth 77–8, 81, 365, 447
Hitler’s Willing Executioners
(Goldhagen) 493
Hobsbawm, E. J. 136–7, 144–5, 148, 456
Hollywood 347–8, 353, 355
Holocaust (television miniseries) 491
Holstein, Freidrich von 184
Holton, Sandra 39, 43
Holtzendorff, Admiral Henning von 229
Homage to Catalonia (Orwell) 309
Home Army (Poland) 497
Home Rule (Irish) 169–70
homosexuality 85–8, 368, 461, 473
Hopkins, A. G. 121
Horkheimer, Max 29–31
Horthy, Admiral Miklós 251, 315, 318–
20, 462
House, Colonel Edward M. 237–8, 266
Howard, Sir Esmé 264
Hubble, Edwin 23
Huelsenbeck, Richard 58–9
Hulme, T. E. 154
Hungary
before WWI 12, 42, 58
between the wars 136, 274, 292, 379,
411–12
and peace settlement 266, 268
and revisionism 329–30, 335
and WWI 230, 232, 249–51
and WWII 435–6, 457, 462–3, 479,
481, 483, 487, 501
Hunger March of 1932 16
Husserl, Edmund 31
Huxley, Aldous 12
Ideal Marriage (Van de Velde) 94
Ilya Ehrenberg, Ilya 63
imagism 61, 154–6, 159, 162
Imperial War Museum 499
impressionism 51, 54–5, 57, 152–3, 156,
164
Independent Committee for a German
Peace 229, 240
Independent Labour Party (ILP) 40, 42
Independent Social Democratic Party
(USPD) 253–5
Innes, Christopher 158
Integralismo Lusitano 311, 318–19
Intermediate Sex, The (Carpenter) 86
International Alliance of Women 46
International Brigades 306, 309
International Conference for Sexual Reform
on the Basis of Sexual Science 88
International Proletarian Women’s Day 38
International Woman Suffrage Alliance
(IWSA) 40, 42, 46
International Women’s Day 246
International Writers Congress for the
Defense of Culture 63
Internationale Gesellschaft für
Sexualfortschung (INGESE) 88
Interpol 3
Interpretation of Dreams, The (Freud) 51,
161
Ireland 41, 43–4, 83, 103–4, 169–70,
175, 236, 310, 485
546 index
Iron Guard 318, 462
Iron Wolf movement 317
Istituto nazionale per la storia del movimento
di liberazione in Italia 457
Italian Socialist Party (PSI) 285, 378
Izvolsky, Alexei 185
Jackson, Julian 464
Jacob’s Room (Woolf) 156
Jacobs, Aletta 42, 91
James, Henry 152–3, 161
James, William 57
Jameson Raid 182
Janco, Marcel 58–9
Jaurès, Jean 146, 177, 202–4
Jazz Singer, The 353
Jedwabne 478, 498
Jehovah’s Witnesses 366, 368, 473
Jervis, Richard 14
Jeunesses Patriotes (Patriot Youth) 318
Johnson, Eric 13
Joliot-Curie, Irène 24
Jolly Fellows (Dunaevsky and
Alexandrov) 353
Jones, Peter 155
Jonny spielt auf (Krenek) 346
Journal 207
Joyce, James 50, 57, 156
Joyce, Patrick 140
Joyful Wisdom, The (Nietzsche) 162
Judt, Tony 466
Jung, Carl G. 87
Jünger, Ernst 214, 216, 222, 224–5, 227,
288
Jus Suffragii 40
Jutland, Battle of 236
Kadets (Constitutional Democrats) 168
Kafka, Franz 50, 57, 154
Kandinsky, Wassily 50, 55–6, 62, 158, 346
Kann, Robert 248
Kapp Putsch 315
Karl, Emperor 249–51
Katyn massacre 497
Kean, Hilda 39
Kedward, Rod 461, 464–5, 467
Keegan, John 136, 233, 242, 401
Keiger, John 188
Kemal, Mustafa 268, 330
Kennedy, Paul 124
Kent, Susan Kingsley 44
Kershaw, Ian 324, 374, 408
Key, Ellen 84
Keynes, John Maynard 262, 267, 328–9,
360
Keynesianism 104, 359–60, 366
Khruschev, Nikita 499
Kiaochow 230
Kiel 240, 254
Kiev 434
Kindleberger, Charles P. 105, 116, 291
Klee, Paul 55, 62
Klemperer, Victor 493
Knaus, Hermann 91–3
Kohl, Helmut 491
Koonz, Claudia 367
korenizatsiia 299, 305
Korneuberg Oath 322
Kotkin, Stephen 304
Krafft-Ebing, Richard von 84, 86
Kraków 479, 482
Krebs, Hans 26
Kreisky, Chancellor Bruno 493
Krenek, Ernst 346
Kriegsgefahrzustand 206
Kriegsschuldreferat (War Guilt
Section) 331
Kristallnacht 476, 491
Kroener, Bernard 464
Kühlmann, Richard 239
kulaks 300–2, 304
Kun, Béla 251, 315
Kursk 434
Kuznets, Simon 100, 114
Kuznezov, Anatoly 499
L’Assistance par le Travail 10
L’Esprit nouveau 62
L’Humanité 202
La Chasse à courre (Sachs) 458
La Guerre sociale 203
La Revue Nègre 60
La Terrible Lección 90
Labour Party (Britain) 10, 40, 140, 168–
9, 177, 231
Lacombe Lucien (Malle) 468
Lamont, Thomas 271
Lancet 398
Land Army 461
Landsknecht 442
Lang, Fritz 348
Lansdowne, Lord 237
index 547
Lansing, Robert 265–6, 268, 270, 272
Lanzmann, Claude 498
Latvia xxiv, 99, 274, 297, 310–11, 322,
458
Laur, Francis 207
Lausanne, Treaty of 267–8, 330
Laval, Pierre 381, 426, 463
Lavisse, Ernest 207
Lawrence, D. H. 152
Le Corbusier (Charles Édouard Jeannert-
Gris) 50, 62
Le Figaro 57, 200, 203
Le Matin 207
Le Million 353
Le Populaire 381
Le Tumulte noir 60
League of German Maidens 365, 368
League of Health and Beauty 74
League of Nations xxiv, 26, 273, 311,
327, 329, 393
Covenant of 268–70, 333
creation of 198, 233, 267, 269–71
and Danzig 269, 413
Germany and 332–5, 408–9
mandates system 123, 128, 274
USSR and 304, 381, 418
Lebensraum 426
Légion des Volontaires contre le
Bolschevisme 463
Leipzig 70, 206, 239
Lemkin, Raphael 474
Lend-Lease 431–2, 434, 437, 460
Lenin, Vladimir 60, 62, 177, 235, 247,
251, 296, 298, 301, 330, 337
Leningrad 235, 298, 432, 435, 499
Lentin, Antony 276, 336, 339
Leopold II, King 127
Leopold III, King 495–6
Les Avariés (Brieux) 89
Les Desmoiselles d’Avignon (Picasso) 56,
157
Leutnant Gustl (Schnitzler) 154
Levi, Primo 491
Lewis, Wyndham 152–3, 156–7, 159
Libération 482
Liddell Hart, Sir Basil 393, 398
Liebknecht, Karl 172, 237, 254
Life and Labour of the People in London
(Booth) 8
Life with a Star (Weil) 468
Lindbergh, Charles 351
Lithuania xxiv, 99, 229, 239, 274, 297,
311, 317, 320, 427, 458, 477
Little Entente 330, 336, 411
Little Review 155
Littlejohn, David 464
Litvinov, Maxim 418–19, 426–7, 429
Living and the Dead, The (Simonov) 459
Lloyd George, David 169, 176, 186, 231–
3, 239, 261, 263, 265–7, 269, 272–3,
327–9
Locarno treaties 331–5
Łódz
.
480
Lombroso, Cesare 84
London 16, 61, 83, 86, 88, 105–6, 121,
170, 501
and urbanization 4–7, 53, 57
and WWI 209, 398
and WWII 396, 398–9, 461, 496–8
London Metropolitan Police 4
Lotothetopoulos, Constantine 457
Lubitsch, Ernst 348
Lublin 436, 476, 479
Ludendorff, General Erich von 236, 238–
40, 252–3
Ludlow-Hewitt, Sir Edgar 399
Luftwaffe 394, 398–400
Lugard, Lord Frederick 128
Lumiere brothers 160
Lunarcharsky, Anatoly 59
Lusitania 236
Luxembourg 189, 229, 429, 458, 479
Luxemburg, Rosa 8, 42, 172, 237, 254
Lyautey, Marshal 128
MacDonald, J. Ramsay 329
Mackenzie, John M. 130
Macleod, Glen 156–7
McMahon, Sir Henry 232
MacMillan, Margaret 261–2
Maddison, Angus 100–2, 116
Madrid 322, 377, 386
Maginot Line 333, 336, 393, 417
Magritte, René 61
Mahan, Alfred Thayer 400
Majdanek 479
Majority Social Democratic Party
(MSPD) 254–5
Malle, Louis 468
Malraux, André 63
Man Equals Man (Brecht) 59
Man with a Movie Camera (Vertov) 60