Lasswell Harold D. The Political Writings of Harold D. Lasswell
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Contents
Publisher's Foreword
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Psychopathology
and
Politics 1
POLITICS: Who
Gets
What, When, How 295
Democratic Character
465
/
Psychopathology
and
Politics
BY HAROLD D.
LASSWELL
THE FREE PRESS
•
GLEJSCOE
•
ILLINOIS
PREFACE
An
understanding
of
political life
can
be sought
by
ex-
amining
collective
processes distributively
or intensively.
In
my Propaganda
Technique
in the
World War
(New
York
and London,
1927),
I undertook
to analyze the
fac-
tors which
modified collective
attitudes
by examining the
symbols
to
which
many millions
of people had
been
ex-
posed, without
paying heed
to
the
order in which
these
symbols entered
into the experience
of any particular
per-
son.
In this preliminary
treatise
on Psycho
pathology
and
Politics,
I am likewise
concerned with the
factors which
impinge upon collective
attitudes, but the method
of pro-
cedure is radically different.
It is no longer
a
question
of inspecting the symbols
to
which
innumerable individ-
uals have
been
exposed; the present
starting-point is the
lengthy
scrutiny of the histories of specific individuals.
The procedures and findings of psychopathology
are
re-
lied upon for the purpose in hand, since they are the most
elaborate and stimulating contributions to the study of the
person which have yet been made.
Candor
enjoins me once more
to
express my indebted-
ness to my
former teacher and present chief, Charles E,
Merriam, of the University of Chicago, who some time
ago
sensed
the importance
of psychopathology for political
science, and who has been
willing
to
encourage my own
forays in the
field, without, of course,
feeling
bound to
indorse my results
either in principle or in detail. Through
him it became
possible
to
have
facilities for
special work
with Professor
Mayo, of
Harvard University, whose per-
ception of
the bearing
of psychopathology upon the un-
PREFACE
derstanding
of social life is
bearing
fruit in
novel
and
important
experiments in
business. The
tenure
of
a
Social
Science Research
Council Fellowship
(1928-29) made it
possible
to continue my
studies
abroad.
Circumstances
have thus
been
such
as to bring me in
contact, sometimes fleeting
and sometimes
prolonged,
with
men
who represent divers
standpoints
in psychopathology.
Many of
these have kindly
placed their
minds
and their
facilities
at
my disposal,
and I hereby
return
thanks for
the generosity and patience with
which
they
treated an in-
quiring, if
somewhat innocent,
investigator.
No one
who
knows
the lay
of the
land in
modern
psychology, deeply
pitted
by
the trenches
and shell-holes
of battling
schools,
will imagine that all the men
whom
I am
to
name
see
eye
to
eye
with
one another,
or that they will
look with
equanimity upon the results of my
explorations.
To name
them is,
I
hope,
not
unduly
to
incriminate
them.
Among those from whom
assistance has
been received
are to be
included: Dr. William
Healy,
Judge
Baker
Foun-
dation, Boston;
Dr. William
A. White, superintendent
of
St.
Elizabeth's Hospital, Washington,
D.C.;
Dr.
Ross
Chapman, superintendent of Sheppard and Enoch Pratt
Hospital, Towson,
Maryland; Dr. Earl
D.
Bond, superin-
tendent of the
Pennsylvania
State
Hospital, Philadelphia;
Dr.
Mortimer Raynor, superintendent of
Bloomingdale
Hospital, White
Plains,
New
York; Dr.
C.
MacFie Camp-
bell, superintendent
of the Boston Psychopathic
Hospital,
Boston; Dr.
Harry Stack Sullivan,
formerly
of
Sheppard
and
Enoch Pratt
Hospital; Dr.
N.
D.
C.
Lewis, St.
Eliza-
beth's Hospital;
Dr. Samuel W.
Hamilton, Bloomingdale
Hospital;
Dr. Gregory
Zilboorg, Bloomingdale
Hospital;
Dr.
F. L. Wells,
Boston
Psychopathic Hospital; Dr.
Ed-
ouard
Hitschmann, Vienna;
Dr. Paul
Federn,
Vienna;
PREFACE
Dr. Alfred Adler, Vienna; Dr. Wilhelm
Stekel, Vienna;
Dr. S. Ferenczi, Budapest; Dr. Theodor Reik, Berlin;
Dr.
Franz Alexander, Berlin (now
of the University of Chi-
cago).
My colleagues, Dr. Stewart
B.
Sniff
en and Pro-
fessor
Leonard
D.
White, made valuable
suggestions dur-
ing the process of editing the manuscript, several of which
I
adopted.
Permission to quote freely from my
previous publica-
tions was received
from
the editors of the American
Polit-
ical
Science Review, American
Journal
of
Psychiatry,
Jour-
nal
of
Abnormal
and Social Psychology, International
Journal
of
Ethics, and from the
University of Chicago
Press and
the Chicago Association for
Child Study
and
Parent Education.
I
wish especially
to
express my gratitude
to
those who
cannot be
singled
out by name, but
whose
co-operation
in submitting themselves
to
prolonged scrutiny
was
of the
greatest possible help.
It ought
to
be
pointed
out that the cases actually cited
are
only
a
fraction of those which
I have examined, or
which I have in my
possession. Only
enough
cases
have
been abstracted to
serve the purposes of exposition,
to sup-
ply a
background
for
the
theoretical material.
The
ob-
scurities which result
from
an
unlimited
multiplication of
"little Willie
stories"
have
been sought
to be
avoided
by
curtailing their number and
their
extent.
The first part of
the
book
proceeds in rather dogmatic
fashion, and
this
no
doubt
tends
to
obscure
the
highly
un-
satisfactory nature
of the
materials
and
methods of con-
temporary
psychopathology.
The later chapters are
given
over to
the
critical
and
constructive discussion of these mat-
ters, and
should
fully indicate the
highly provisional,
though
potentially
significant, character of
the whole.
H. D. L.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
PAGE
I.
Life-Histories and Political
Science
1
II. The Psychopathological Approach
15
III. A New
Te(:hnique
of
Thinking 28
IV. The Criteria of Political Types 38
V.
Theories of Personality Development
65
VI. Political
Agitators
78
VII. Political Agitators
—
Continued 106
VIII. Political Administrators 127
IX. Political Convictions
153
X. The
Politics
of
Prevention 173
XL The Prolonged
Interview and
Its Objectification
.
204
XII. The
Personality System and Its Substitutive
Reactions
221
XIII. The State as
a
Manifold of Events
240
APPENDIX
A.
Select
Bibliography 268
B.
Question List on Political Practices
276
