Кривченко Г.И. Гидравлические машины: Турбины и насосы (2-е изд.)

80

1t,.,,^.,,

\./L tt(t(tt)L

il i r'op

ll lL

p(Ii

)otl(l()

n

p(

)t

l('(:(:(t

t tt

ry

pii

u t.r

ll't.,5

ss59|

Peo,IbrLtut

rltop'+ttt

0ou:ttcttutt:t uctL|rcocmu

o

pa1oue'+r

Konacc

mgp6uuw

ljc.n

u

;laccMa'ip

rr Barb

t4;leaJr r) r

I

ylo

iK H/ll(ocrb,

/(BHlKyruyloc

I 6eg

tr'f()

ua

6ecKrirrc'ntocrH

ilaB"rrct.tHe

nocrofltrHo

(paccuarpnBaercrl

TO

corJacHo ypaBHeHHrO

EepHy"rrnu

sa

cqer

H3r\reHeHHq

cKopocrH

ila/l

nltorlllrlcv

/toJrx{tio

noHH3trrbca,

a

noA

npocf)ltlerrr

noBbicH'rbcfl.

ItoTepb,

H crtHTaTb,

rranopHoe

reueHHe),

TeqeHHrr

AaBJIeHHe

3ro u co3Aaer

cH-

'l-rl

fr)

7l

PHc, 5.14. flotox

B

Me)KJIonacrnoM

npocrpalrctnc pa6o,rero

KoJreca paAHanbHo-

ocesori ryp6nnur

floBoe sosAeficrslle

noroKa

na npo$Hnu

(pHc.

5.13,6), pesynbrupylou{afl

Koroporo

p

rrpeAcraBrner

co6ofi TaK

Ha3HBaeMyrc

n o

A,b

e

M

H

y

ro

c

H Jr

y.

oqesHAHo,

qto

aHaJIOFHtlHafl

IIO.l'b€Mlt 3fl

Cwna

BO3tll'lKlleT,

eCJIH

)KHAKOCTb

ItenOABHrKHa,

a

npOQH"rft

nepeMeulaercfl

B uefi co

cKopocrblo

-

um.

f1o;11'eruttan

ct4JIa lla

lu

uuprrrJt,r

npocpnnfl

onpeAeJlne'rcr

no

Hgsecrirofi

reopeve

H.

E.

)l(yxoscr<oro

P

:

puool,

8,1

KosrfrQlrurlerrr

6urc'rp'xo/rrro(:'n{

o6r)rr{ro

orJ)erqeJrrrercs

tLJ,u

pe)fir{Ma

MaKCr'tr{a,'rbr{ori

\.10uriloc'rn.

orr

BecbMA

ilo,nilo

xapaKTepH:y,g.,,

cBoricrBa

:yff:::!

O?f]ty'pa6ouelo

Ko.rreca,

r.

e.

ce

Br{A

r{ rr.rrr.

Kosfcpur(ireHrbr

oblcrpoxo/'{llocl'll

n" pa?,,ilttt{llblx

BIJ/tolJ

Typ6tlu

Ii3Menflro'rcfl

c/reAytot.qrlM

o6p

asorr,r:

s

r200-450

500-300

400-80

50-

l0

z

OCCt]LlC

n()00pOTI

I()-.1()ItZlC

f I I btC

.11 la

fO

I I A.n

L

l

I l>lC

l

l()

JJO

J)OTt

tO-,qOIl

aCT.il

trte

l)

;l

jlt

rir,l tr I

l()-()ccBr,t

c

lirlnttr/\r)t

'/f

Ir\|r,IlJ\/r,t,jL

LIev

r{eHbilre

xoeQ{tlrqlre}rr

6rrcrpoxoAHocrH

ryp6nHa,

reM

Bbrrre

r.i

ee

o6nacrs

uanopon

(cur.

5.9.

PEAJIbHA'

OOPMA

ABHXEHH'l

XHAKOCTH

B

PAEOTIEM

KOJIECE

TYPEHHbI

ftr,

qeM

THXOXOnHee

pHc.2,g\.

o)

(5.40)

,7)

PHc.

5.13.

O6re

r<antre

norolr()Nl

n porpH,r

n

Puc.

5r.15. [-]rl'rox

B

MexJIonacrnoM

npocrpaHcrBe pa6overo

l(oJreca

ocegofi

ryp6nHsr

F,'le

()

-

ll./lorllocrb

xHAKocl'H;

u@

--cr(opoc1'b;

|

-

ttllpKyntuHn,

co3AaBaeMag

npo-

rpu"reu

ra

3aMKny'foM

Kor{lype,

oxBarbrBarcu{eM

npoQu;ru

(puc.

S.

13,

a),

H onpeAe-

rfleMaff

no

(5.2).

OcHonuoe

cJleAcrBl{e

us

reopeuut

H. E.

XynoocKoro

cocrogT

B

ToM,

qro

cu/to1oe

,]osdeilcmaue

nomoK;t

ua

o1mercaennrt u,tl npoSutto

\npeAennemca

cos\aeaeuort

1oqpge

smoeo

npoQuttn

qupKAnnqued

crcopocmu.

Wawuu

eIoBaMH,

AJrf,

Tofo

qf06bt

ROToR

oKe.

3blBaJI

cHJIoBoe

nosneitcreHe

Ha o6rexaeuttft

Hu

npo$n.rrb,

BoKpyr

sroro

npo6u.nr

o6a-

garerbHo

AoJrxHa

c)'qecrBoBarb

uHpKy.tsUus

f.

Ha

.nonacrnx

pa6ouero

KoJIeca

pesy.nstrpyrcuafl

cvtna

P HanpaBJreHa

B cropogy

Bpatr(enur.

OHa

cosAaercrr

3a crter

neoAHHaKoBocr]r

Aan.neHuii c

pa6oqeft

n

rurlsHori

cTopolttl

flonacrH'

KaK 3To noKa3aHo

rla

pHc.

5.14,

a.3ro

nslseTcn

cJreAcTBHeM

JIonacT-

\/

-\\

-;-/8)

+

'L:t;

urc

17

r;

c) a o

r)

:i t t

q

t

(

t t

o

u

t

I

n

d.qu

l,

t t

c,?.1

e,r.t.

(

t.t

n I bt

nt!/p6utt

l-taoa

NOABOA'[UHE

U

OTBOAfl

tI-(HE

SJIEMEHTbI

TYP6HH

6.I.

TYPEHHHbIE

KAMEPbI

1'yp6lrnHarr

KaMepa

cJrv)Krrr

a rr

napary

peaKTrrsHoit

r.yp6n

rl

r,r.

creAyrcIllue

rpe6oBa

FrrJ

fi

:

Plrc 6.2.

06.rracrrr

r.tct-ro,rtr:3oRalutfl

cnln)a.nh.

"'u*

'pr,p6l{nnl,t

x t(ulMcp

no ltitnopy

(f

,lx

n.

#fi*g+*S-^ry*#,ier:c*illt

diJt-iru:Hr,'u.€,

K,ai.M,:e'p,stt

uuercr

yrot

goru

:

'-

r{rr-.:-Jcu

. I

tonepeqHbre

ceqeH}{n

Kpyrflble,

npHqeM

no Mepe

nepeMe-

Puc. 6.

L

I(ounoHonxn

ryp6nHr{l,rx

KaMep

Mfl.tll,lX Ty;l6tt

tt

Mepa

r{MeeT

rJe

cflHr.rjKoM

6O.nluHe pas-

Mepbr

(ncl

rpar{cnoprrrbrM

ycJroBHffM),

TO

OHa

Molier

no/u{ocTbto

H3foTaBJrH-

Barbcfl

Ha

3aBO/te

/rHrofi

uJrH

cBapHoii

KOr-rcTpyKr.(t.il.r,

HrrofAa

o6teAHHeHHOft

co

craropoN,r.

B

oroM

c/ryqae

r{aMepa

o6r,tquo

Bblno,[r.tflercrr

B

BHAe

AByx

HJIH

qeTl,lpeX

i\lOlt'f

aiKllI-,1X

6rf OXOn,

KO'fOpbte

ttil

rlce'l'('

('o('.,Ilil,ilol'('lt

6o,rt1'ar.ilt

lt,,qil

A/rH

ilO;I8O/la

BOAIJ

l(

ftanpaBJrfltouteMV

K'ryp6u

r{Fr

r,rM

r{aMepaM

npaAr,n

BJruro,rc,r

ri

a i\t

(\

l).

I..la pu(:.

fj.;j

liaMC'lla

l)iljttttl,'lt,tt0-0Cett0ii

[J.roArrt)tNt

ceqen

ncM

K

a N4cl)

bt

-

Il'.t.6

<'

$

6./l Tgp1unnue Kdilepu

88

o00

600

400

200

i'lema

ntlu.tecfiu

e

(cmandtue)

lypdulttte

/(dMepbl

fotrquna

umeHbuaem6,

"'tn

J0 da

lSnn

lo0

t8O

^^

6O

sx

\+o

.g

.\

.,n

I

6

4

l)

oHrr

AoJrxHbr

o6ecneqr.rrb

paBHoMepr{oe

no

BceMy

nepHMerpy

rrHTa-

rr

He^.H

anp

aBiltrroulefo

ann

ap

aT

a;

2)

rntpaBJrriqecKHe

norepH

B

caMori

KaMepe,

B

cT?Tope

14

npH

BXoAe

)aT

AOJTX(HbT obrTb

MaJrbrMH;

rft

xauepbr

IoJrlKHbJ

coorBercrBoBarb

rn

f3c.

lMep:

)Jreso6eroHHbre

(prEc.

2.2)

w

MeraJrrrH-

tr

'nusxvtx

K

HHM

r_ranpaBJrnrou{HX

rfl

MaJrbrx

rrr.t3KorranopHbrx

ryp6rrH:

2,

a

H

6,1,

a);

i

{TaJrbrrbrx

Typ6r,tH:

D1

:(

100

cM,

rbHbt.x

ryp6llrJllbtx

KaMep

onlle/leJrrr_

nal(

Br.fArro

il3

pHc,

6.2,

6e,roHusre

ioTCfl

nprr

ltanopax

4

_ g0

M,

a

MeTaJr_

ueHHfl

o'l' Bxo/(a

K

1g_lJty

-c

yMeHbrreHHeM

pacxoAa

nfloqaAb

ceqeHHR H

PaAlJc

y6blBalor.

i',;,qacrH,

n

p

HMepHo

{ifft#ttocrrbaHfitr&g(

e

cli

fte",:Fro

o6ln i H

s eicHrierr,r;"qto

dim

,ffiifi.

r:'-

..i

rti

.

x

pyrgq%cffi

"

ffiffffi

id'tffibD'I

"iaHt"ft.aii'

idfi

iih"'r

f H

aji'tavepa'

f

p

i J. 6.

B u

6. 4) n

p

eacra Brr

n er

co 6o

fi

cBapHylo_

KoHcrpyKIIHro,

BbrnoJrHeHHyro

Hs

BaJrbuoBaHHbIX

craJrbHbrx

JIHcroB.

.Ilucru

rro

BceMy

nepr{Merpy

npHBapeHbr

K BepxHeMy

H

HHx{HeMy

Slggl:'y lg"'liy :larTa'S60j*u

'i

taz,r

!o

s

(o

Ko

rr

cr

l)

\i

r{

rt rr

n

.t.

\,

l)

6 rr

rr

n r,r

x

noria3aria

cra,rrbHerH

cnrrl)a.nr,irail

TVp(lrrt-r

tralr

^p1,p6rlrbr

Jtr.ta\,terl)oN,l

5,S'lr

c

lrarrollou

100irl.

Pr.rc.6,3

14e

l)

a

Cra,rr,rrafl

ryp6nnHan

Ka-

p.,l

or

l l

r,,.,':,',1,1,,r,ii'

tt

()t?tt(ti:tttlt'tr,

t.t(,.jtt1

2tt)l

ttttt1llt1111

ll

(

,\\

6 /i

'l'

q

p6

u

rt r

t

t,t(:

t;at.1r

L'

pbt

t'li;rlrlioii

(1ttrt'

(;

5)

'l';rtittc

tiil\lclit,t

1',,1oriut'r'

lr i\t()n't';litit,

6oflee

na-

,il(')lilll,l

,l[,:1il

()tlc'lll)

I,,l,lr'olillx Itilil()l)()t],

'l'llti

t(ill(

:ial]o/lcl(ilfl

TexilOflor[{tl

tJ.ll'o'l'otj"rl('llllfl

C)o,rle('

CouCl)iltciltiil.

iillri'r're...;ninHri'gy1.$ft"O!B'a'pHblt

CnH-

l)

il,rr b il r :t

0

u

i|\t

r

p

t:t

t

r

p

il N4 e il fl loT'C't

d{Jr

fl

'

Ty

p

o

tf

H''i'llnau'dr{ptflvTffitr2#

4

"O6oirttqtia

c'raJlurroii

crnrpanr,rloii K'ar\{ept)t

pi:lccrtHTbtBaerett'Ha

MakcH-

r'Maflbttoe

'Bttyrpertuee

AaB.IreHne

B(),'lr:r

.c:

yqe'roM

f

t{ilpaB/tHqecKoro

y1apa,

Bo:llllllialOlttcl'o

l)0

BpeMtl

:iillipl)l'l'tltl

llililpi:lBJlilIOlllLrt'o

aliltapa'ra,

[Jplr

gTONt

Prrc.6.ll

,'tllrr';ur

c'r':r,,'nrnll

l

't\'lrCrnrrrarr

rcr

t\,1(11)l

t'3(.

t]

6.qotlrrrut

(COplO,

3aBoI

<,,

irrtocl'lloii

")

(6.

l)

85

a

rlA

D^t*

-

-,

'.1t.V;4(.lici

il'cK,nrcrtil'rb

irelle;taqy

ilaf

py:ililt

ila

6c'rOr.t,

jt/tn

qerorUepxHRrr

t{acT6.

igfionouxil

rlrlnpl,lBaerctl

lt(ul.ar,nrruoii

npot{JraAKoit

(i)nc.6.0,.

a),

HanpHMep

'$il.t'vvr-nirMr,r

MaraMr.r,i'Jrra6r::

ocr

aercn

ortiflbtroii

(puc.

6.6,

ffJ.

_ ltJpeael},rn[)rMetttf

Mocr[i']

cra.[bnr>rX.

crnr[)aJrbrrr,rx

KaMep,

,;.y,

,I(oTupblx

p(rtriliotlrra"

'Boclt

p

rt

H

lltvlaeir

Mzi

xc n M

aJI b rroe

B

n

yl'peHHee.'

aBJlet{ue.

'puirffa,

tuT.tI.ll],lan

|il,tpaBrt'tqeCxHii

yAap,

c

yr{eroN1

Hcnoilb:loBaHHrr3blCoK'biipOU*

:ttiil='"''reiltponariltr.,r.\,elanefi

To,ntr(HHoti

Arl

40,,,t*t,t

onpeAeJIneTCR

nO

)/

("1 ()ll

l l lo

B Iio.l'ol)Ol\1,

pr\rar(c

--

Ir

Mlla;

Dr,

-"

llllal\4eTp

CeqeLtltfl

cnHpanlt

(exo4-

.ryor:g)_,

cM

s.9{1Jl,,,_yg1lQ.Blle_,^(6.1)

H€

}{oBrreriopnglcri,

ro,

npnxofiHrcn

ftlratulfr:a+:0'ff.6'6f;Ie*ffiii f

-r:-i;---1''

"'''"fttfti8'fJr'b'trleerparenpoirplaHeHne

noilyr{HJtH;.r{o}rc.rpyr{uHHr.cIIHpanb.Hu:rq*

W}g$jtl'flttblX,,fi8'Mgplier:1ep€fi{Heft,,:'rtacrr,t'.HarpJ3KH

ot BHyrpqHrref.q.i1,h'Eildh

uHryA34,9411

ft8'.)K€,rl€p66er0lfi"6fl6Ha-'3{alrH,fi

rDC., Tax,

n ryp6raHax

Hypex.

cxoii

f3C

craflbHan

o6.nttLtoBKa paccqHraHa

Ha

l13

'faBileHln

BoAbr,

C

l'1.'T

tr

il r,r

x

'r'l,P6lttilft,Lrf.i

r<it

lrc

ir

6{

\l

i(

(rocraB,nflrottlero

c

yqeroN4

rn/lpaBJrr{qecKoro

y,ttapa

4 MIla

,

a

2/3

Bocnpr.t.

86

l7 o0oo0nuuc

u. omnnAnt!tttD . ^b.,Aa,6. , --,.-z,

rr.oncntttot

rnapuulT

Il

tt.6

?;'ii?',:,',i:,,.lil'll::::ll'i': ,l:.)l-yrojrBo,,,,r,.\

.n,,prno,,o,*

ryp6,r,u,,o,*

Iiar\rep.

3cr<n.inr;tii

lrltrrcl,.

r.

ro,rnii"

,"'|

'/irr(''ur\

r

r?rioH

cl-ilrpanil,

pa:lpa60rauHrrtfi

AJIfl

r)r;r,il?,,1[,_

llo-oceBoii

t'i'pc;ilHbr

.'uri:r\rcTpoI{

/,J

i\,r,

Iror(a3ail

rrl l)rr(t 6 7 /r,.,.,6^,,r,,\?,.F,

9'rO

tl

,5

ivr,

nc.rr{:r3arr

rrzl

l)rrc.

6

7.

Ocobcr{no(r.nJ

T

gp6unnote

Ka,r4epbt

Bl/-ran

BBepx

c rrocroflHnofi

oruerxofi

rroJra

(puc.

6.9,

6);

raBpoBarr

c

nepeMeHHofi

oruerxorl rroroJrKa

H noJra

(puc.

6.9,

o).

Btr6op

rofi

unw

uHor?

Qop

vt tt

ueJI

H

KoM

o

n

p

ereJr

rrerc fl

ycJroB

H

rMH

H

anBbrroAHer?

uefi

rounoHoB-

xr.r

6.noxa

3AaHun

fOC.

O,qua

H3 cyuecrBeHHbrx oco6eHnocrefi

6erosurrx

ryp6uHHbtx

KaMep

COCTOI4T

B TOIVI,

t{TO

3HaIIHTeJIbHatl

qacTb

nepHMeTpa

HanpaBJltlrcqero

annapara

norvqaer

eoAy HenocpeAcrBeHHo

H3 noABoAflulero

BOAOBOAa.

v= pnc.

6.9

BHAHo,

rrro

noABoA BoAbr

K

craropy

H HanpaBJrrrorrlnM

JIOnarKaM

3AeCb MeHee

6naronpr.rflTerr, TaK

KaK

npH BxoAe

B

crarop

It

B

ltanpaBr

nrour,uli

annapar npor{cxo4r.rr pe3Koe

u3MeHenHe

HanpaBJre-

Irilfl

ct(opocTrr.

C

lleflPrlo y.nyqulel{lln

yc"lonut:i

BXol(a

noroKa

B rranpaBJrnrorqrrfi

annapar

B npanoir

'lerBeprtr

cnnpaJrH nepeA

sy6or,l, KaK

gro

BlrArro

H3

pltc.

6.{),

ct'aBrrT'I(puBo;rurreHrrbrc

r(or'rorurr)r, rrpnqeM

tuar

Itx

3Aecb

Aerator

Ivlellbllle.

IJrrot'tta,it,,[r

III.r3r(onanopr-rbrx ryp6rlrr

l)accMarpnBaercrr

Bonpoc

o lorl\,1())Kr

oc'r'r

r r

p

H vren

cr uur n

p

n MOy foJl brt bt x'ry

p6r.r

u Hbtx

KaMep c

[eJIbto

yll[)olUelll'ltl

c]'po]tre,rlbl-lt

tx

Sopu

lt o6.nerqer{r,{n

}icnoJIb3oBaHtrn

c6opHrtx

xe,ne:o6eroru-r

br

x

oJIeMeHToB.

I

Iplr nanopax

6o"qee

50 v 6eroHHbre

cnLrpaJrbr{bre

KaMepbr

cHa6xarcrcq

cra,[urtoii

o6lttrtonxoii

t43

Jn4cros rorullrHoti

l0-16

vtul.

3ra

o6nHuoexa

B ocnoRrroM

cJr)'xln' nporneocprr,nbrpauproHrrori

sauprroir,

Ho yr{HTbrBaercf

Ir[)l.t

pactlere

]ioucrpyKrtHH

Ha npor{Hocrb.

OHa

AonxHa

6trrn xopoll1o

3aarrKepcLra

B

6erori,

f-lpn

rrpoeKrrrpoBat{r.rrd

r}tApo3/rexrpocranLtnii

npnxoAt{rcrr

paccMarpH-

BZfl'r,

Bo:lMoxilocrb

It3Mer-{erilt

fl cbopv

H

pa3MepoB

,yp6lHHbrx

KaMep

A-A

_ln

i;l,j"x;ilii,li,',1;:l'l,"lll.

,'l,,1llnl..::: _:?f1

"nao,,;riii;;-'*

'ip;;il;

li'ii,ii;

;l'.fi?,'l'i:':?;i,1)'il-

j-').1i'l:'"'li

:l ro;'.u[ii"';'i'ilij:;il;;il::'i';:iJ;f';]::

iilfi*1,':

ll:lil,jl,,l,,,'i:l;:.y:l;';;','i,:';

;,r;;l;;,iil'-t?I''i:l,i]'lil,i,iil.

Ber('TBeltHo

\,)legI)ll1.l

l.(r'

tteo6x

-'

'r'

r'

\/vrr\L

|r

\-rr':r

P.t,itt)

'l$&*itffiL#b.,.**u"''

.'*u,o"** ;glllyflLlg*gJil ry-a ryc

ro

B

cra

n tt .

ifffi;

.or"nnqarorcn

rpane-

;iii:uT[: 11::;"ii;;ll ,.*fllj-.X"ly,i=:^]'!lj*1?b'"',1"t,I*'n3X^;X'u;3

l

l.:nerirr.^,. ;.

;r;;;'";;''

',,.1'-'*

^'''11-"-llfltinbiioro

i-lanopa

ryp6nHu

H

*^,,n.

$

6.11

8/

P1'_.

6.7,

.1[rr]'xrrr).'tr]1y.1rarr

cnr,rpl.,Tb.

ilrfl

liit\l('l)jl

IIIl14ilcl'ctl

ili("'lc:l'6e't'rlttrrr't

(rrpe;i)']r()r'l)cra

r\,rotttltA'-'

Korrrilt

B0,r

ap\ia-

r'lt;t,

H()r'op;ir

Lrr.:irr:r

ra

prc.

i.+1.

I-lcpe;ra,.u

uu*i

;;r;;;;,i'n,u

,,ru,n.,,r,r-

H:l

tl

o60

'totll(l'r

riilriepl,r

ncno,lt:3oB0t{zl

n

n ryp6nriax

car'o-l-uytuetr-

nl

|

(lt

/i

')

i:'

'

/:,)J

noBI{w

6noxa,

".1,""n"11

j--

-j

j-

-l__

'd-

J

_l

llorrcrrcqrr,re

ceqer{rn

6e.rorrrrrrx

f''1.-

*

-

i

I n-

i

.

i:l

l::y:.f

(nr..

6'e)

HMelor

rpanerrerr-

ii.l_+

",/,

i

t_l

lii:li;'n"1??,[1,,u1,1';,il,,;'JTl3,3

a

,1,

l_

,oo.l)4.1

_

i_ |

_.I/-,',,,,"i

{teJaercfl

c

(e.nbto

yMelrruien

un'

ra6a.

I

l:uec:r'ri''.,n,uur,

Korra

npr.rHHMa.rrHcb

#;#;fi?,.

]fi:lifi,rofi;l;;

Tati,

tta

Bo.rrirr.rr,i,",

foc

rrn,,au,'

g.

lr.

nau'*u,

goxn

=*

lBso,

qro

o6ocno-

Barro

reo(rxo.rrrr,'ocrl'bfo

r)a3ivrecrr'Tb

craro!^ryp'a;,o,

r'.ipaa,na

6noxa

34aHIItt

fOC,

T.

e.

)/c,/roBtrnMH

KoMno_

zzoo-

pl4TOt]

KaMepbt

B n.IIaHe

vt

r,rraBr{brM

nnpxr:t_

coKp2u{eH}tfi.

uJHpr.rFrbr

Brn.

I)rrc.

_

G.8.

.Jarrrcrrilrocrb

\,f.lir

(ixna-

XapaKTepHbr

rpH

fiopnrl,

6eroHHbrx

'fA

6('.roiltrt,t

x

cn

()r.rilr()l)ir

Ill)i]'r1l)lll'l\

lirlr{0p

I(aMep:

pa3BI'lrafl

BHII3

c

nocronnrtoii

or\4e:nioir

nor.o"rll<a

(prrc.

6.g,

ll);

t;;j

6t

I

0 t0

Z0 30

40

S0 60

ZO

4./

l)nc. 6 [).

Ij,er0rrrrr,rc

Typ6r4Hilbre

t(srvrcpl)l

68 /7.,. ) ,,.

.\

--

i ioii(ii)(i..iu(tt('

u

otlt(t()(,)nttlttt,

J.lr,.ttt,t.unbt

ntt17t(11151

ll.'t.h

$

6./l

'f

qp6uunate

ttarfl(pbt

Part\,t

epbt

ceqeHti

rli

crrHpa,qbHori

KaMepbr

AE.II'ITOTCfl

TIA

OCHOBAHHVI

OAHOH H3

ABYX

IHNOTC3:

I) no

3aAarrrrbrM

3naqeHr.rflM

cpe/lueI:i

oKpylr(Hor'{

KoMnoHeHTbr

89

l.rl

,tvrlleii

vBq:lrlt

n\

c t(or{rroHosxoii

6.roxa:t-qaHrtn

fOC

u

co

crpolt_

Te"IbI{bl\lll

KollcrpvKltlltirlll.

Otttttrt

tt3

Ba)Klrtrx

napallerpoB

,rB,,rrrercrl

IIrrrpilHa

11'p6rrtrrroii

riallepbr

8r,,,

ortroclTq.lbljoe

:lHaqer{r',e

oilpe-

cKo-

(

D

t

^llla\4erp

pa6cttlel'o

Ii(),tec:a)

'

3arrrcrtocrt

or

pacqerrofo

llurrol)a

HD

nolia:lzlllo

Ir:i

-prrc

6'

l{-)'

3.rettb

)rie

J{fl[{rir

r'orrKt,

coo].Be.r-cr.r.r'routre

Ileliorollt'ttt

I-3C.

Kar<

"-'aro

rr3

pr(r\irriir.

r).,r(rp,c

[r{),fl1r11i]erc,r.r[oRr),rr:ro

ri.,'rr,'r.ii,

,r.,6c'rtr)

.,t,,t,r 6(,.t.rl'',tx

r.r pri,,,,,,,,,,i

;;;;1,;:'',f.,1,,

(,r,r.Jir'o

"

r'l'l'l'l]]]1,"'

(:

l)a3,rilrqilc\r

rlroprr

il()ilel)crrilor.()

ceqeHri,r.

r0ciio.lbri\,t.\'lt6lrrrrralr

ria14epa

t{c.noclle,ilc,rBeHI.to

ilpgMbtKaer

ri

ct.ra-

'f.)l)rroMV

ri(),1t',rt1',-,',,

lreO(rxoitrrj\l0:lnarb

ero

p33r\4ephr,

xap,aIrepr.r3]eMbre

Br.r,

==

Brr,

lDt

()Tnoctt'fc'rltrlloit

nutcoroli

6n

u

nrHocH-

.r.rl

i

j

._f.-l're"i,il,ilbt\,trr

:lilSMeTpaMtf

paCrro,,,roX(errHfl

,,ffi=l

:ld

:::.ii:.'1T^:I_r*

r'na.

Pasnaepbr

craropa

,,'Fll]"---l-Lftfl[U,/:]]

:.ly9trlorcs -

He

crorlb

cnlbHo.

Lnn

;:;l-l-{-[l-+]:IlYi_il

rvp6uu

c

6eroHHbrMH

KaMe-

7.61

' lri',

tl

i

t---1,

Irot

PaMII

.I

I

j_

, ,l

_L

J

r\i'rr)rrI),jvrrl

;{lli'lMe'fpaMlf

paCIIO,llOX(eHHfl

L

J

B.\o;1ltr,rX

rr

'btXOAHbtX

KpOMOK

KOJTOT{t{

Ft

j]

ii J-r n .-D /r-,..;

pocTil

TCqer{iltr

u,

cr,',

2) rto

3atraHI'toMy t{anpaB,rrer{}rro

cKOpocrrr

reqerrHfl

rra

BbrxoAHoM

/llJa\4e1'pC

CTaTops

Dcr.,',,,*, T.

e' IIenocpeACTRellFIo

ItepeA

BXoAoM Ha

t{illlpzlll,Iltl}oltlllii

ilttllapilr.

Pact'\4oT'pili\'r

N1e'ro/lbr

l)acqera,

ociloBaH}rbte

Ha

t<ax,tlciii

u:J ltno'fe:1.

I P ircrrc'r'

rro

('

pe.irrr

n M

3n aqen

u

rr M

c Kopocreti

ill)()lt:ilJ(),'(il't',lttt6<l

ilo:ruil(oil\/

il()(''t'oililC't'uil

t:trtc,'ttteii

c:KOp()C.rlt

Utt

c.lt

--

U6n.

Bx

=-=

COtlSt,

rAe

Ucr.

BX

-

cpeAl{tlfl

CKopOcTb

Bo

BXOAHOM

cel{eHltH

CnHpaau

0-0

(pHc.

6.ll), lw6o

no

3aKony y6rrearculei:r

cpe4rreli

cKopocrn

ur"r,:l(cp),

lcr

6z

Puc.

6.11.

K

pacuery

ue-

ra.n.nnqecxori

cnupa"nsHoft

K a

r{ep br

npHL{eM

Ucil.

cp

y6brBaer

c

yMeHbrrJeHr4eM

cp

no

rpaQuxy

Ha

pHc.

6.12.

.

JFlaqetllle

CperXHeH CKOpOCTII BO

BXOAHoM

CeqeHHH

Uc,.

nx

XeJIaTeJIbHO

6paru

6onr,rul'tM,

TaK

KaK

oro

npnEoAur

r(

yMeHbulerrHro

pa3MepoB

cngpaJrb-

ttoii

't't,p6rtttttoti

t<aMepbr, no B To >Ke

BpeMr

lrpH

qpe3MepHorr.{

yBeJrHqeHgH

ucr.,x

:laMerllo

pacryr

norepn

(cu_xNaercfl

KnA)

H

coKpau{aercfl

npo-

nvcKHa,l

cloco(trrc.rcrb

_Typ6lrHsr.

Kpllsa

fl

u",,.

irx

:

f

@

r),

I.A€

H;

_

pscue'f

tll:lfi llallop

Typ6nttt

t,

IIOcrpoerrFrafl

Ha

ocHoB

aHHu

coBDeMeHHoro

ollblra,

rr()Ka3aH.l

tll.pHc,

6,13.

Pacqer

cnnpa.nrr.no

y6srnanqefi

cpe1nefi

cKopocl'rr

(prrc

6.l2)

tlo3BodTfler

I{a

10_-20

0/o

(6o,rrnune

3Haqe1ufl

1.lr

fielolrnbrx

l<avep)

)'Be.rl.tL{ln'b

ucr,.

ux

lro

cpaBnet{t.no

c

pllc.

6"

l3

6es otly-

TtI

i\,ro[o

V

x y,'ltIieII

I

rt

3IIep feTI I

qec]

K ].{ x

not<

agare,neti.

3ttart It:ti\tettettlte

cpeitltcfi

ct<opocrrr

no

AJu.rHe

cnHpaJIH,

MolKHo

Itailn.r

cooTBeTcTByrouytO

rrJroulaAb

Meplt.UlrariHoro

ceqeHHn

cnHDaJIbHOfi

K a r\1ep

br:

i il ffi F,ffi]

fu

",r

^'6:rj';l\:ttD;;;i;;;

?J'i,;,Jl?,'

l;l-_'YftFft-+f

+++-j

:: .119_,p,,,o,*

qeprex{ax

rypoun

n

prrc.

G.l0.3asricrr^,,*;:

;;,,,.',,ouu

u"','u

Dt':'

"*':

l'5

-;-

l'55

H

6truttrrii

lia\rcpr,r

,,r',:ll,l'u:l)lrllr'r'ryl)'

Dtrr'.

nr,rx

==

I,3

-:-

1,35,

70 /5

zo

Jo

40

60

ao

7oo

:sc

zic soo

I.rn

r),p6trr{

c

()

(:

T

a

,r

r:

n

r>l

n

6onlulre

3Haqer-rHfl

npH

\,1

IT

CrI

IIPAN

bHbIMII

Dr14,0

ru,r.

KaMepaMH

()()'ril)lilllc

:ill;ltl('lllltl

'l"ttt

[),

-;j,2

v,

Kpr.'lle

1'ot'o,

;tJIt

tator)or]

It)tt(.I

()()

rt

'ilrt

-llt.'e'rl),

\,[](,,,rir,tt,nat().f(,,1

ltit

O,():i

0,QT

,

Ilr:ro'lttt'trr

Irr)'r1;;lieililr'\r

-:t,rfl

r'lt,lpurfl.:illqecKor-r)

pacr{flr.;r

r.\,p6rrrtrt0fri

liirrlef)lrl

'tB'\'ttl;t1...1)uGtto.tt('pHo(

tto('ttrtrn.ieHr.

1tttc.vodu.,,

(.rta^ol)

,

G

tlQttl)08'?'tttottlttti

ortrtoltttttl

tto

(te,o

n?ptt,riant1t1./

oti,,oriu

a,norir,a,r,

r{T()

p;rc-\()-t

Qu'

rlpo\o'ltllltJlii

'rcpc:

-tu,,,,o*

ceqeliire

crrr{pa.rrr,,rirpe,rrlcr.r'rc){o(.

\ T.'rorl

(r'

(prrr:.

6.

I r).

ilvjie,r'

Brnpairta

f

r,(,r

rfropvr\i.noir

.-l

lt't't,

()

li()ntt;l

:tt 6ir

P itr:l

o.

r

ttr

l,,l

I

I t,t

ii

('ll

lll)

a,rl

lt

.

Il()

B\().llt()\,1

t------

la .nJ'l

i

'*',

-

'(

3c,0"

'

i

r)irc

\o,jr

t'1'115il

ilr)r

;

rp

--,..,y

r'1,

o,.ctlr.rrr)r8ae[,rL,tfi

cl.r.

('c',r(,lutn

cn

lt[)a,ry

uuoii

tiaMept)l

paBen:

l" Qr I

t!-:=

I

-

't'

u,

.p

(cp)

360o'

I

"p

:

const

6epyr

uu

c,(t

:

Ocn.

ux.

tnoir

c n l{

p

afi tHorl

K

a

Mepbr

c

l(pyn-

cer{eFrvtflMt4

onpeAeJrnrcTCn

AOCTaTO'{HO

npOCTO:

(0

2)

(6.2a)

(6.3)

npHqeM

B

CJryqae

url

fa6apurbrcraJr

.rrbtMt4

nonepeqrrbrMH

Qr

rr,

rrr

''-

Q([)r,xn/360'

fi

(j;)t;oi):tuut(

u

onlBodnu1lc

s/tc,tt(uttbl

m!/p6uH

Ifn.6

iil.

lilli).I'('

I

l-)ll.r'ilt

rl

il

l,lll

tl

It-J.

l;

tt,rrll(','lltorcl

c()().1

irraqeLiltfll\ilr

y[.rroB

(p

il

Anfl

KaiK/loto

vrJra

no

rie'l'C]'B\ilOUilte

n,rroillalt.t

t{ palHycbr:

t.

-

t;'P t.

1,i'

Y

r(t,lIT,

BepxHero

)cn

0r

| | Ilf-

-I --TV-^T-

t* 7--I--r

---r-r--f--1

-l

+-

Hp

bemoHH6te

ftaMepbt

75

Z0

30

+0

60

700

/s0

200

J00

n

600

/

0,3

NP

0,i

t/,0

oxpr';rcroc'r'rr

ccr{€rnIrii

Bnrf

cbrnarorcfl

TaK,

qro

orIH

Kacalorcrr

tl

ItlliKll('l'()

('1'zl'l'ol)ilt)tx

rroflc()Bi

l(aK

noKa

3ano

ltal,pHC.

6.

I

l.

llu

cp

l)"n

ot

|

+s

-zo"l,

n

Puc.

6.12.

3axour-,r

cpenHeti

cKopocrr.r

B

9oz0

l,6r,rsaHnR

cnlrpa"ryrr

Pnc,

6.13,

3asucHMocrb

cp.eAneii

cKOpocra

BO

nXo,{HOli

certeHLr}t

cnnia,rH

oT

HaIJopa

r"ns

6eroFr

H

hr

x

crlr.r

pa.n

bHbrx

KaMep

cHa,{afla

onpe_

Ae,'rfltor

yro,t

o.\Bara

(f,ox,,

(prrc,

6,g)

H

no_

(6,8),

ilpllUxs

b,:,,,o*"

r.t

uu

ct):

ucn.

"*

(PIlc'

6. l3),

nurutfc.,'Ititor

l-reo6xoj.r,HMyro

nflouaAb

BXoAroro

Ceqe_HIln

Cnllpar'Itr

F.n.,,*

I-lo

vc.iroBl.rsv rlotr,rnolr(-lBKtr

6noxa

3Aaltl{n

fOC

Bbr6Hpaercr{

gbopvra

norlepeqllor()

ccqerllrtl

(pllc.

6'9)

lr

crponrcr

BXoAHoe

ceqeHHe.

lDrr

3ToM

Pltc'

0'

14'

flocrpocttrtc

npoMex)IroqrJbrx

ceqerrnft

6eroHHrrtx

cngpaJIbHbrx

Kai\,lep

yt{rrTbrBalor

c,Ter}/,tourre^yc,ToBj.r.fl:

bolao

(

2+

2,8,

yrnbr

6r

H

6,

npHHH-

Nrarorcn

l5--30o

(prrc.6.r4).

Heo6io,i,Mo

npHHflrb

o6utHfi

cnoco6

no-

crpoeHlltl

npoN'lexyrol{Hblx

cel{eHuli.

OH

salaetcq

KpHBsTMH

nepeceqeHgrr

BeplrKarrbHor:i

creHKri

c

noro,rrKoM

H

AHoM.

go."5"(Hi;';p;

BapHaHra

(prrc.

6.14):

o

-

paBr'roMepHoe

coKpaqeHrie

Bbrcorbr

H

rx,pHHbr,

6

_

6o'iree

6utcrpoe

coKpauleHIte

Bbrcorbr

14

6

_-

6onee

6rrcrpoe

coKparqeHr{e

Irrrrprrrrr;T,

R

rr.rarre

.l,opua

6

--

Car\4afl

o6xaraR,

cpoilua

6

_caMarr

Ililtl).)t(air.

8)

$

6./l

Tgp1unnote Kailepbt

91

llocrpoeHue

6erouHoli

rpaSHuecxurt,I

cnoco6oM,

(puc.

6.8)

u uauln

no

(6.3)

cnHpa.nnuofi

KaMepbr yAo6Ho

npoH3BOAHrb

KaK

noKa3aHo

Ha

pHc.

6.15.

3aAae

goxs

nJlouaAb

tr

'cu.nx-

Qpo*"

u.n.

"*

360o

I

(6.3a)

HcxoAn

r43

ycJroBHft

xounolroBr(u

6nor<a

3AaHHn

r3c nrr6uparor

QopMy

H

nor1vtparor

pa3Mepbr

BXoAHofo

ceqerrLrfl

no rrJroilIaAH

F"n.

n*,

nO

H3BeCT-

lrbrM pa3MepaM

craropa

(R"r.

n*

w

bn) crpoflT

noryqer{Hoe

ceqeHHe

(rxog

Fs"

=

r(,?)

Qozd

9t

9z

9l

0R6r.0.2 RJ

R? Rt

RdE

Puc. 6.15.

I-paQnvecxoe

onpeAeneHHe

pa3MepoB

6erosHofi

cnH

pafibHofi

xan,tepur

Ha pHc.,

6.15,

6) u, Bbr6paB

3aKoH

eno

H3MeHeHHfl

no

A,,'rHHe

(nyHKTHpHHe

JrHHrrH),

HaHOCflT

HeCKOJTbKO

npoMex{yroriHbrx

ceqeHHft

(l

,

i,3

...1.'noa

ceqeHHeM

crpo^rr

cABoeHHbni

rpaQux

(puc.

6.Ib,

e):

Fp:

I

(R)

H

F*:

:

f

(q)

no

(6.3).

Cnocs

npoMelKyroqHbre

ceqenHrr

Ha

srl

KpHBbre,

HaXoAflT

cOOTBeTcTBeHHbre

3HaqeHHfl

Rr, R,

...^

lr_grr

ez

..., KoTopbre

no3BoJrfltoT

nocrpoHTb

cnHpaJrb

B rrJraHe (petc.

6.15,

a).

Ecnu

rpe6yercfl

yMeHbuHTb

pa3Mep

BXoAHoro

ceqeHrfl,

ro

MoxHo

Hcno/lb3oBarb

3aKoH

y6nnaroutefr

cxopocrH

Ha

yrJre

oKoJro

45'

(nona3aHo

nyHKrHpoM

Ha

pHc.6.

l5,

a),

2.Pacqer

cnHpalsHofi

KaMepbr

no

3aAalrHoMy

HanpaB-

reHHro

cKopocrH

npH

Bxone

B

HanpaBJrflroutuli

annapaT

npoH3BOAnr

C

yqeroM

HepaBHoMepHocrH

pacnpeneneHHfl

cKopocreft

no

ceqer{Hn (no4-

po6rree

cM.

t3t

J).

llpll

BxoAe

B

cnHpanb,

Kar( BHAHo

r.r3

pnc.

G.16,

c,

noroK

o6na-

,U.aeT

MoMellTolvl

cKoPocTH

oTllocHrer'lbtlo

Uel{Tpa

0.

3to

no3BoJIrreT

nDHMeHITb

K

no-

Oo

uu

cp

grdtrdanu4ei

/7o

t/u

cp

s

Const

J!

fJrt,),;,t,)'Lttlttt'tl

()ttlttt)(),lttqttt,J.lt,.tt.t,1tttbt

tll/pdltLl

l

l'.t.

6

Tol(\'

B

cnlll)il.'ll,lloil

Ii;lllcl)(r

3it

ti()lt

il()c'forl

1c1]a

i\lr)pcHf;t

ct(opoc.llt

(b

4), 11

.()()tll.T.

cTBlilt

c

lioTol)t,r\t

t'rt

K

,'r,

((i

4)

Kostlltprrltllclll

K Il().toir

I'|(

rr.

(.ot.t;l('n()

((i

-1

)

:l1ol):l

pacrr1rei,1c.,t(,trlr1

cr(,p,c,fcii

t,,,

(r)

npcilcrae.rflcr

crl6rrii

r.trrrcP(y'.1

i,,

Ji'rrllrhrntt{(rltt.

A.

u,lt<rrrr

onl)c.1r,,rr

t1r.l,

l()

Plrc-

xorv

Q,

C

)',tetorr

(6.2)

rr prrc.

[i.

lt6,

5.

l?

/?

Q,r

=

#

J

t',,h

(r)

rlr,.

K

.i

bJ!-

4r,

(6

s)

/t,,,

.

r,r,r

\

/?r,.,..

,,,,,

*

r.'tt'ir

(r)

*

Ilt,tcr)llt,

.lrnlcllt;lt

()-l.r

Prrc. 6.

16. I( pacqcl')'

cnl.tpa.tbnoiir

xauepur

rlcpel

HilnpaB.'tfltorrUnt

altnapaToi\t

Oroo-t:r

ll;r\o.'ln

]r

E

no

3a.q,aHHOMy

HanpaB,'reHurc

cKopocril

K-_-

(6,6)

o

q'-

*

3600

/t

I

b(')

a,

JT

R,,

r.

,,

r,r,*

(-pe-lllRtt

pa]tlla.Tblitl

tl

l(()llnoll0tira

cKopocril

Ltr

Ha Bbt

xoae

!r3

crarol)a

ilt)eAc.raB-

.'l

fl eTCtl

Bl'lp

;l)Kott

ItL'tl

..,,

=.

___9__

(6.7)

xU)e7,nbr.rDo,

llarr6r)''lbtucc:|

ttilrt(.'tltt0

rru('cf

ritnl);tR.lflur(.

('t(ol)rxl'tt

trgp('jt BNo/toM

g,:r

,l)irr-

"'trttotllllti

allnapar

i'61.

661;,

I'

('

\/l'oJI

'/1;1',

s51^

(plrc,

6,1(i,

a),

t<o'ropnrrli

c

1,r;6'1,rn

(0,4)---

(6.7)

orrpe.{c,'rBC

fot

no rpoprrr,.re

l9 dct.

86IX

:

Q/lcr.

nrrx

ftDcr,

ourxboK

R

I

L?)

o,

Jr

R.r,

nrt"

2nDo

gf6

O7

fl

vu

/\

cr.0otz

(6.8)

ss

6.2

|

()

ntcacucutou+uc

m

p

tt6bt

Ooplt\',la

(6.8)

iloK?3btBter,

rtro:

l)

1'rO.,'r

Zcr..

Bsrx

Ite 3aBHCllT

oT

paCXO,qa

Q;

2) rrptt

nocT()flilcrBe

(

yIo.r ac.r..

nbr\

coNpil

IItcl' nocTotlllltoe 3lt

aqetll{e no BCeMy

rlepltiuc'rl)):

llilllpaB.rytllolllero

arltla[)aTa:

ll)

r'ro.:r

c[g,r.

nurx

3ABucrtr o'r

rpclput't

tt pa3MepoB cnH

pantHofi

KaMepbl.

(.trrrpanuur,le

KaN{epbr

nptnltrro

[)accrun'l)r

Barl, rlPl'l

ctcr.

nurx

:

coflst, npHqeM

3ToT

)rt'o.,l

Br,t(lrrpacrcrr

raKHN{

cl6pa3clM,

qro6ut

oH coBnaAaJl

c

yrJIoM ycraHoBKH

HanpaBnfl-

loltgx

,lonaroK

lrprr

rran6or'ree

BaxlroM

pactrernoM

pexHMe pa6orrt ryp6uHu.

l-lc66xo/tHMl)rc

pa3Mepr,r ryp6uHuoii KaMepbr

paccttHTblBaprctt cJleAytolrlnM

o6pa3oM:

/Ull

:til,laltn,t

x

Pa3il4Cp()B

c'raroPa H np14

ItflTorO{po;e OnpeAeJqeTCfl

BXO.IIHOe CeqeHHeF"u.

"t

1o

({i.l}),

nl)lrrtcM

ucrr.

rrx

Mo)r(no

rrl)r.rrrjMarh,

opncrrr.Ipyncb Ita

ptlc.

0.l3;

nol6nparcr

cpoplr_r'l{

pa3Mepbt

BXOAtoro cerreHHn

v

^Jtn

uero no

(6.6)

rraxoAttr

3ttaqeHHe.K,

noA-

craR.nflfl

BMeCTO

(f

)'foJr

fpoxni

no

(6.8)

npoBepflercfl

!ror

€ts1.

uux

H

npoH3BOAHTCR

KOppcKl'ilp()Btia

pa3MepoB ccrrelrHR

Ao'rex

nop, noKa 3Tor

yroJl

lle coBnaAaeT

c Tpe'

6yevr,trvt,

9To

onpeAe,'lH'r

oKotrrrsTCJlrrnoc

3HaqenHe .K.

f]oc.ne 3Toro crpoHTcn He-

cr(oJlbKo

npoMexyro(r

Hbrx cerlenHii

,

KaK

noKa3aro Ha

pHc.

6.15, 6,

H

AJIn

Ka)Kroro

Bl,lrtl4c.4flercn

pacxoA

Qrp

no

(6'5;'

3rran

Qa.

no

(6.2)

JrerKo

t{aiirH

coorBcrcrByrouec

3rrarrerrHe

(p,

rrro

H onpeAenHT

noJrox(el{He

AaHHOro

ceqeHHfl

H no3BoJrHT

nocrpoHTb

nJIaH cnHpaJH. Tax sutnoJIHflerca

pacqer

npu

K:

coflSt,

Hrtercrcs,

oAHaKo,

npeAJlox(eHHflr

HanpuMep

n

[31],

Aonycxatr

HeKOTOpOe

yMeHbureHHe

@

cr. Bbrx

nO CpaBHeHHIO C

OnTHMaJIbHbIM 3HaqeHHeM Ha

yrne

(rpo*o

-

q)

<

45+-

60o.

3ro

noseorrur

coKparnrb

pa3Mep BxoAHoro

ceqeHHr

6ee oqy-

rHMoro

yxyAueHI.tn

3neprerHqecl(HX

noKa3areJlefi.

6.2, OTCACbIBAIOUIt4E

TPy6bl

f3C u

orMerKy

3aJro)KeHufl

ocrroBaFrHrr,

B

ceqgH c

STHM BonpocaM onpe-

AeJreHHf

sopr"r

H

pa3MepoB

orcacblBaroqHX

rpy6 npH

npoeKrHpoBaHI{H

fAC

yAeflflercn

sHaqHTeJIbHoe

BI{HMaHHe,

Pa6oqnfi

npouecc.

Paccnorpun cHaqara

r

H

/t

p

a

B JI H

tI

e

c

K

H

e

noK

as a reJr

u

orcacbrBarolrr.Hxrpy6.

Cpe4Hrfl cKopocrbu2

HaBXoAe

B orcacbrBarcruyro

rpy6y

(ceueHue

2-2 na

pl{c.

6.17) zaevcHr

or

pex(HMa

pa6orbr

ryp6HHbr

H

onpeAe/rflercfl

napaJrJreJlofpaMIVIoM

BblxoAHblx

cKo-

pocreri

(cM. pHC.

5.8).

Orrpe4e.nHM a6co",'rrorHoe

ltaBJIet{lre

B ceqeHnw 2-2

npH

pa6ore

rvp6uuur

pazlpg,

Ann

eroro cocraBuM

ypaBHeHHe

EepHynnn

,(Jrfl

ceqeHHri 2-2

14

5-5

(ntrxo4Hoe

ceqeHHe) oTHocHTeJrbHo

HHlr(Hero

6ueQa;

Paz

-y

a

-y

ezaT

-

Pad

* z. *

a{t?

I h

pT

-r

&2

-T

T

pg

T

f

tb676o

3lecu

prJp&

--

h6

*

p^r*lpg

(ho

-

3arnydrreHHe

ceqeHHrr

5-5

noA

ypoBeHb

r{HxHero

6reQa)i

Patru

-

arMoc$epHoe

AaB/reHHei

zd

:

-hsi

hor"

-

rHApaBJrHqecKHe norepH B orcacbtBaroqeft Tpy6e.

93

94

17o0oo0rugt

u

omBodttu1te,?ip.u0utnttt

nrUp6uH

I

t',t.

6

r{a3btBae-

or onpe.

norpeu-

o)

Puc.

6.17.

I'ulpan.nH,recr(ue

noKa3are.rrH

orcacblBatorrlHX

.rllvCl

Koropoe

He

3aBl'lcllr

or

pacxoAa,

I't

IIIHai\,rHqecKoro

noHr.rlKeHiln

AaB,rrer{}.rfl

Ahnr

,

-

a'u?'

dst)2s

if

--f

-ho".,

onpeAeJIfleMoro

B

ocHoBHorta

arafrQy3opHbtM

AeficrBHeM orcacbrBarou{efi

rpy_6I

H

Bo3pacrarouero

c yBeilHr{eHHeM

pacxoAa.

vcra'osHrvr

renepb

o He

p

reifi

rr

u

a'fir'a

n

o

K

a3

a

reJr

H

orcacbrBaroT:fi

rpy6rr.

CpeAHflfi

yAerbHaf,

snep'1,

*raxo.

cr[

e2

B

eeqeHuu

2.2

OrrJocHTeJrbHo

HHx<HeTO

6r,esa

urrprfru.ra,

,fra*

r{,rteHoM

,:.

.

,

(6.

l0)

Pz

r-

pg''

rAe

pzlpg

.-

p"zlpg

--

pa,rlv.&

v

!z_.-

xoa$cplrurreil.r

rrepaBHoMepHoc,rH

(l(opHonnca),

onpe4e.nsevufi"no

(l.S).

--'-''

Suepeun

€2,

c Kot?lopod

ooda

norcuilaem

pa1ouee

Ko/teco,

He Jvtotrcem

6otma

uctxo/lbso]QHa

mgp1unod

u

npe)cmasnnetn

co1oti

yo*rpr.-

8...a,

crpe.

Mr{rcfl

cHH3Hrb

e2

rr

3a

cqer

sroro

yBe/r,q'rs

l(fln,

ryp6HHsi.

Sro

ao.i".

raercfl

orcacblBa.rc4efi

rp

y6oir,

np€AcraeJrfl

rorqeft

cooot

nnirno-fril;.

pnrcutNficn

aHSQysop.

Vcrauonlrru,

qer,,l

onpeAeJIt{

eTcn

ez

np^H-r{aJIHr{r.rH

orcacbrBarouleft

rpy6ur.

r.nrr

3roro

r{cno.rrb3yer'r

ubrpa)Kertr".

(0.

l0i;;

,p;p;y;;"iu.'gi

tonyuru

e,

-

(n.

'

"'f

-

#

-

t1,,,,)

-r

ru,

t

W

(6.

u)

vtto I

:----T--

.ta{

,\s

6.2

i

0

trtcnatrca

rcqu c nt

p

q|tut

95

It

0Kolt'{31'0.11btro

I',

-#r-ho,".

i

(6.12)

Pesynnrar

noryl{Hrcr

BecbMa

HHTepecHbrM.

Oxagursaercfl

,

qro

ttpg,

HLltuquu

omcl:uBa,rot4eil

mpg1ot

mepnerta.n

sHepeun

e,z

cocmoum

us eouoa_

Hux

nomepb

dtatlZg

u sHAmpeHHux

nomepb

lxor".

Ana

yMeHbtueHt{tt

repfleuofi-aHep

rvr

ez-rt,tbxrro

yBerHr{HTb

nJrorqa,qb

BbrxoAHofo

orB.epcrr.rrr

rpy6r,r

F5

(npHno4r,rr

K

CHH)r{eHHro

uo),

oAHaKO

rrpH

3ToM rreoOxo,rluruo,

.lro6sr

norepw

ho.,"

He

cJrlnllKoM

BO3paCTarH.

3rH

norepu

onpeAe/rnlorcfl

AByMfl

Qaxropi:

MH:

TpeHHeM

O CTeHKLT,

KOTOpOe

HMeeT

c.paBHHTeJrbHO

MaJIOe

3HaqeHHe,

H

BHXpe-

BbrMH

norepnMH,

Bbr3brBaeMbrMH

auQ$ysop-

HOCTbTO.

il,nn

o6eclreqeHus

6eeorprrnrroro

ABH-

x{eHHfl,

npH

KOTOpOM

noTepH

rul4HHMaflbHbl,

npi{

oceB_oM

noroKe yroJr

xonycHocrH

e

AoJrlKelr

6urlr

MarbtM

(0

<

8o), unu

c

oAuoft

cropor{br

0r50

<

4"

(prac.

6.17).

B ryp6n-

Hax

yro,'r

0

lroxr-ro

yBeJrr,rqHTb

Ao

lr-

14"

H

Aaxe

6onee,

tre

Bbt3btBafl

yBe/rHr{eHr.tfl

lloTepb,

a

Aa)r{e

noJIyr{an

LreKoTopoe

HX

crurxeHlre.

C srorl

uerbrc

no.roK

sa

pa6ouurrl

Ko,/recoM

npn

tsxoAe

B

orcacbtBalouyrcTpy6y

Ao"rtll(err

6rrrl

ne

oceBbtM,

a HMerb ne6o"rri-

uJyro

KpyrKy,

r{To

AocrHFaercrr

nog6oporr,t

coorBercrBeH

rroro

pex{r.rMa

(yro,rl

a

z

*

0) .

TcrAa

Bo3HHKaroulue

ueHrpo6exusre

cHJrbr

npenflTc'rByroT

oTpbrBy

noToKa

oT

cTeHoK.

tnrt2

€2--tr+H,.

bl'

lo

FN

40

1n

20

ffftoo

__r\

'f

bl

-r-r

\

r1i

t0

20

J0

60

/00

200

J60Tfr

Pac.

6.

18.

SabacuMocrr"oruo

cHrclr

fi

ofi

:

.l

:rtHHeTriqetfofi

f

anepfnr

s6'

pa6otnu"

no.ritrcoh

or

Han6pa"::rgP6nHrfl

Cpannunan (6.

l3)

c

(6.

l2),

yBefl

Hr{HBaer

HcnoJrb3yeMy}o

ycTaHaBJIHBaeM,

rrTo

oTcacbrBarolllafl

ryp6uuofi

enepfHrc

Ha

LHo,":H,i

+;--#--ho,".

(6.

r

3)

rpy6a

(6.14)

orcp,qa

cJreAyer,

qro

orcacbrBaroqan

rpy6a

nosBoflfler:

l)

nortHocmbtu

ucnoltbsoeamb

eHepeu,to,

coomeemcmearcLqatu

ebtcome

aunaHogKu

mgp1unot

H,

nad

uucrcnuu

6aeQo*t (naxuo",p,i

F/,

!

ojJ

DrrArru

nc

pnv. u.rr,

u, }5oAa

r4s paooqefo

KoJIeca

co

cKopocrbtourort6pa-

cbrBaercfl

B

arnaocQepy

H

cno60luo

naAaer

B

HHx{HHd

6reQ.

irrulo'ur_

TeJIbFIO,

96

I I()(),t(t(),t!t1tt(,

tt otntlo()rutytr

:t.tf.tt(Hnthr

ntIlp6uH

n.-^^^. ?

\r

i i.LLiLo.6uvu4ue

ln

p

AObi

a--,)

oc),lqecrBJrrrercr:t

n,riaBnbtir

trepexoA

na

r{BaApar

tr,[r{

npflMoyroJIbuHK.

I(a r'l

rtoxa3artt

ttcc.[eroBatt

titt,

nepexolt

,ryqLUe

ocyu{ecrB,rrrrrbni

6onrurofi

A/lHHe

IIpl'l

3loM yroJl

xoHycrtocrH

0

rie

4o.rrxer-l

6trru

6olnee

l4-16",

B

noc,neilFlee

BpeMrI

cra,rn{

ltpt.rMeHffTb

r.r

B

3ToM

cryqae

Kpyf/rbre

ceqeHHfl

no

sceii

rJruHe.

cpeTqrrrili

yro,'r

KoHycr{ocrn

0

onpe4e,,'rflercrr

npHBereHHeM

nJrorqaAg

ceqennr

r(

Kpyry

^YlnpHMep,,Iiln.

rpy6sr

Ha pua.

6. lg,

B

Ha

yqacrKe

Mexr'ly

cerrelrHflMn

2'-'2'

u

5-5

(Lr_u)

Itr,

:

"Di,

I

q

1

F,,

--

n[)?14

,

rr

p

r.r

Be/lerr r I

ble

/{r.ra

MeTJ)

br,

ll

a

l

l-,t.

6

A /i ?i

w

2)

ttctto 7b:tol(tttlb

:tH(tLtunvtrbt-t!/ro

LtaL'tttb

Kttt-tulLuttet'xort

JHepettu, Korno.

ltou

odna)oe

m

aodu npu

Bbtxo)e

ue

puToueeo

Kolteca.

I(oeQ$

rr

rt r.r e rr

r

n

o,n

e3

rr

o r

o

Ae

!i crB H r, rr

JrH

K

o3Q0

H

u

II

e Ilr

Boccra

Ho

BJre

l{

H fl

orcacbrBaroulefi

rpy6lr

1lor..,

onpeAe.nurcT

oTHOIileFIHeM

rt tr) at cf)

..2".:

w._,vi

,.

')^

'---')^

'-lrotc

rl

,

,,,

-t

__:+_

.

(6

I

5)

w,)u.l

2g

A;1tl

XopollllrX

o'tCiltll,lBalOlUIlX

rpi,6

/(OcTATOqno

6o,rr,rrroii

i(.[nut)l

3HaqeHr{e

rlor(.

Aoclrrae.r

80--85

o/0,

ouettlJrrt,

I{acKoJrbrio

cyLuecrBerrrryrc

qacrb

or BCeH

grJeprur.{,

pacrro-

/laraeMofi

ryll6ltttoli,

cocraBr'Iner

KnuernLlect{afl

oHepf

I.tn noroK

a

ga

pa6ovuv

Kor'recoM.

lira Ber'II{r{nHa

onpeAerIIT(:n

orFtorrlenr.teM

P1tgtu

dtUJ

Ll

2gH

(6.16)

//t

hr=Q3-0,35

tn

la

/

=4-L

(

Cec.Z!Z'

ce,/.

C-C

Cev.S-S

oprrer.rrlipoBoqHarr

:TaBHCLTMOCTb

er,rr'l

H or Hanop

a

^iln

no.nHoflr

\{olllHocl'll

rvp(tlttt

ttolia3euta

Ha pnc.

6.18.

KaK

BI.r,At-lo,

B

rrH3KonarropHbrx

rt'p6ttHax

Kttttc'ruqecrKal

3t-reprr.tl

3a

pa6ouuvr

KoJIecoM

Mo)Ker

cocraB,

.:rrrb

50

--91)

(lir

cl'J1yaprrol:'r

sHeprHr.r

H

u roJrbKo y

BbrcoKoHaropHbrx

ry'p6tltt

llpt't

H

2100

r,r

oua

cocraBJrrrer

MeHee

l0 %.

CneAoeareflbHo,

8()3t4}7tcHocftIb

tt'CttoJ'LbsoBQHun

KUHemUqeCKOrt

SHepeUU

ezB

gHAqUme/tbHOd

.Mepe

onpedettnem

eQtpeKmtlBt-Locmb

myp1uH,

AK#aeaem

Ha

flonauoe

sna=

qeHue

jmcacbrcarcLutux

n'Lpa6,

oco1eH_Ho

npu

HuSKux

u

cpedHux

Hanopax.

TNnu

orcacbrEarou-\HX

rpy6.

vlx

MoxHo

pa3AeJrHTb

Ha

Aea

BHr,a:

npnMoocHbre

ti

tr3ofH\/Tbte.

11

p

n r\rooc

rr

ur

-e

orcacbrBatort{He

rp y6rr.

Halr6onee

ilpocrbr\,1

rrrno!r

rrB.nflercfl

npflMarr

KoHHqecKafl

ryy6a

(pnc.

6.1, a;

6' i7.

a).

Koropan

tt\leer

\oporrrue

aHepferHrlecxHe

noKa3are,irr,

oAHaKo

ee'

tteo6xo;ltiI'latt

;i,:ttttla

L,,,r"

noryqaercfl

BecbMa

gHa-qHTeJIsHol'i,

riro

A/trl

Kp)/ilHurx

Beprrnia.rrbirL,rx

t'yp6HH

rrpHBoAHT

x

6onruroMy

sarnv6neuHirc

ocHoBaHIlR

Il ltoubtttletttito

crot{MocrH

f3C.

B

cgggH

c

erHNa

n Hacronuee

Bpcrlrl

ral(ne

lp\'(tr,r

nprn\4elfllot.cfl

T.o,Tbt{o

i.[rn

Mefl,riltx

r.yp6l.lrr,

rql

rlre

_ _Tr'rnbr

rrl)r

\rc)o(:r-rbr,\

or'cacb,rBarorIux.

;rpy6

,io,,oart.,,r,

na

pllc.

6. 19.

Hectio.rbti()

\'Be',.qnqnrb

s({lexrnRtrocrb

Koltn,{ecxoi.{

r'pi,,(rur,

lr

COlipaTtlTb

ee

;l.ilLtll\i

Ilo)'hll(J,

eC,rIIl

ilpllMelllll'b

lipHBOJ|tttrer:iltyrO

cl6p3:ltrtO..

rL()'ro

(pHC.

6. 19,

a),

,,ila.rr,rreiirlree

pasB14rr.re

sror:i

uAer{

'tplit,,oil,,r

H

TaK

Ii

a 3 br B

a

e N,r o

ii

p

a cr

p

t,

(l

r r r

I

ii orc

a c br

B

it

ror

BbrxoAtroe

ceqcltue

Jt.5 n

\1c(''t

uu.1n

H.tl

orcacbrBarou(14e

rpy6lr

lt\-1,,'6,

0

':2

arctq

D

fiLz,.s

I'J:r

o r

r yrr:r

e

orcacbr

Ba

roLr(r.{e

rp

y6r,r

HcnoJr.,3yrorcff

III)ill(1'l{qecKI'l

IIil

BCex

rl'll(po3drleK'fpocratlqtdflx

cr )(pyngbrMH

BepTHI(a/Ib.

rn,rtr4rr

Ty'p6Hrra\1rr

(crr,r.

pHc.

2.2

n

2.4).

Tar<a

n

ryty6a'

(pHc.

o.zoi;;;;;;;

lr:i'r'Pcrx

ociloBrlrrr.\

qacleii:

A

-

xoHyca,

6

_

KOJTeH

a

u

B

_

orBoAq_

It\e

ro

iltttp(rvil'pa'

B

rrpeAe,rax

KotJ)/ca

nonepeqr-rbre

ceqer{Hn

rpy6rr

Kpyr-

Jlblc,

ita/tee

B l(o,[etle

ol'lkl

I1.[aBrro

ilepexoAflT

B

npnMoyfoJlbHbre

c

6o,rlee

6t'tcr'1ll;rM

!rie,qllqetlHeM

t-rrtpurrbr

l{

o'ancp$y3opHOfi

uuc*

coxpaHnrorcf,

IIPflj\lO)rl'OJIblll)IMIJ'

IIplJqeM

cetlcllHe

Ilapaciaer

3a

CqeT

RrrcoTbl

lnOrOroX

uMctcyl'

nilli,irotr

rro/t

Vr"qou

a).

l-latl6O'ncc

.xilpeirtT'epttt)tMu

pa3Mep?'u\4rr

r{3onr

ytoii

orc'acrrearc'1efi

t'p}'(lt't

tlB.rlfllol'cltl

nutcola

/t,

xoriopun_'6epercr

or rnl3a

rlanpaBJlrtou,ero

alltlirpal'a

(tllari'rrlqecl(att

BLlco'r'a

ripy6u

1i,,.,,

uerrbli€

t4

cIJaraeTcfl

H3

Bbr-

'l

l(11rr,,,,",t,r,,

l'. Ll

.

(6.17)

AJ

PHc.

6.19.

Ilpnuooclrure

Tor4a

n-4

98

|

|oi)ooi)nuytc

tt.

omnoiltttt{t(

Jt(.ilnlntbt

mryp(trut

II't.6

r:o'il>t

tiolt)'(:it

/t"

il

rlt,tc().[t)t

l(oJleil

a lt,r)r

il

l1,r1illf

a Tpy6bt

l-

(B

/tetic.t.Bt,tT,e.rrb.

I

IT

i

D/\

0,.5

t)

tl

Dt

F--i:*

rj

D 3

, v?x

ff

--f

I

rl_

Lt

lq

I

:*-r:

'Ll

<

Prrc.

6.20

143orrr\,'rurrr

o-fcacr,tn;ltorrtarl

rp\,6ir

-'..

,

I)ltc.

0.21

']

trrronr,t,

lii).:ir'tr()

n3or. ltV.

r()il .)Tcact)illarollteii

.rJrr,6r,l

Cfi

THNOBbI

2

u ,3,_

ropoeoit

6,

rrnocKocreii

4,

S r{ T.

Oro ynpouaer

HgroroBJreHue

onaJIy6l<rr.

I(o.nerro

ltoirier

6utru

cHMMerpr,tqHbrM

B

nJraHe

HilH

co

cMer{e-

HrreM

cpeAHei{

,nr{Hrrr.t

orBoAfu{ero

Ar{qlQy3opa

(ua

pHc.

4.21

noKa3aHo

n

)'H

KTtr polu)

l\'lellblll€r

cpeitllfl

fl cliopocrb

B

l{oJrel-re

H, cJleAoBaTeJIbFIO,

TeM

AOJIXHbt

f,

6

.21

Onrcacorcant4ue

mpg6w

99

6strs

MeH

bue

rHAp

aBJI

HrIecKHe

norep

n.

flo

gHepreruqecKHM

noKagareJlttM

BcefAa

npgAnoqrHreJrbHee

6onee

BbrcoKafl

rpy6a.

Hc

B To

xe

BpeMf,

c

pocroM

h,yaenurruBarorcn

o6reu pa6or

n'irouuocrr

rcc.

n";il;t

Bblcora

rp

y6bl

onpeAeJIserct

rexH

H

Ko

-gKoHoM

HqecKHMH

coo6p ax(eHgfl

MH.

Eolltul'tHcrBo

orel{ecrBeHHbrx

^

oceBhJX

noBoporHo-JronacrHbrx

Typ6HH

14Meror

rpy6br

Bbrcorofi

fi.

=,='

1,9

u

?,3.^U^

daAnanuno-oceBbrx

ryfOuu

npnMer{rrror

rpy6u

Bbrcorofr.

[t

-:

2,5+2,7.

flpH He6orbruHx

pa3Mepax

ryp6Hnu

H BblcoKHX

Hanopax

HHorAa

l{OIJI'{qecKafl

l{acrb

OrcacblBa}oqefi

rpy6u

AeJiaeTcfl

cTaJrbHOft

pa3beMHgfi

d)

Prrc.

6.22.

Pa.:,ruqrrr,rc

rHrrbr

r{30rryrr,rx

orcacbrBarcuHx

rpy6

HanpHrtrep,

ecJIH

yBeflHrrHTCfl

C 3,0

AO

4+

ll)ur'*

:

a?ll2gH

'

npeAnoJrafaercfl

yKopoTHTb

4,0

u/c,

ro

npu-Hanope

.H

(6.18)

auQ$ysop

raK,

ero

o6

:

lz

M

9TO [pHBeAeT

Кривченко Г.И. Гидравлические машины: Турбины и насосы (2-е изд.)

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.