Карелин В.Я. Износ лопастных гидравлических машин от кавитации и наносов

Jra BeAeT

Ce6q

nu60

KaK

nuru6arop,

nn60

KaK

crHMyJrffTOp

KaBr.r-

raquoHHoli

3po3nH.

Ha

ocHog-aHHI'I

aHaJIH3a

MHonoqHcJIeHHbrx

reopeTur{ecKr{x

r,r3br-

cxauHfi

f73,

77,

78,85,

94,

gg,

rosl

*o*no

cAeJrarb

BbrBo.q,,

rrro

I{HTeHcHBHocrb

KaBHrauuosHoir

spognH

AoJrxHa

yBeJrr.rqgBarbcfl

c

yBeflHrIeHI{eM

IJIOTHOCTI4

H

Cr,rJrbr

noBepxHocTHoro

HaTfl]KeHHfl

X(HA-

KO

CTH H

yM

eH

blrr

ajl]bcLc

yjeJlr{lre

H HeM

BsS KOCTH.

flpannnbHocrb

sroro

BbIBona

[oATBepx4aercfl

p$yJrbraraMri

r.rHrepecHbrx

onbrroB

[78],

B Koropbrx

B

xa.recrse padovet

xiHAKo-

cTH

HCnOJrb3OBaJracb

pryrb.

Kax

6uno

ycraHoBJreHo,

KaBHTarruoH-

Hafl,

3po3Hfl

B

9TOM

Cryr{ae

Bo3pocJra

no

cpaBHeHHr,o

c

eoAofi

B

cpelHei\{

e

90-100

pas.

tlpesnuuaftuo

3aMaHrrHBbrM

flBrqerca

Qaxr,

r{To

orHoureHl{e

npol'r3BeAeHnfi

rp

(cnna

rroBepxHocrHoro

HaTfl}Ke-

HHfr,

yMlrox(eHHas

Ha nJrorHocrl)

r.nfl

pTyrH

H BOAbr

npH

Telrnepa-

rype

l5"C paBgo

91.

OAnaxo

B

pqA,e

ApyrHX

oKcrrepuMeHroB,

B

KoropbIX

B KaqecrBe pa6oveft

cpeAu r{c[onb3oBaJrHcb

x(r{AKocr[r

pa3rHtlHoro

[poHcxo)KAeHHs,

He

yAaJrocb

ycraHoBaTb

raxoft-.ua6o

SaBHcHMocrH

Mexuy

QHsuuecKHMH

caoficrs

avrv

>r<uAKocrn

r{ r{HTeH-

cnBHocrbro

r(aBHTarlaoHuofi

gpo3un.

Tax,

HanpnMep, B

oAHoM cJry-

qae

6ltno

orMeqeHo yMeHbrrreHae

KaBlrrarlr.ronuoft

3po3HH

npr{

Hc-

noJrb3oBaHHH

B KaqeCTBe

pa6oveft

cpeAu

cnHpra rro

cpaBHeHHro c

BoAofi,

a

e

ApyroM

-

uao6opor,

ee

ycHJreHHe.

HeAocraroqHocrb

SIrcnepHMeHTatbHbIX

AaHHbrx

flB"rrflercfl

ocHoeHoft npuunHofi Tofo,

tITo

B

Hacrorulee

BpeMfl

creneHb BJtHflHHfl,

Qasuuecxux

csoficrs

x(HAKocrH

Ha

HHTeHcHBHocrb

KaBuTarluonsoft

gpo3Hr{

He

rroHflTa

OKOHI{ATCJIbHO.

Onttru,

npoBoAuBruilecq

c [IcnoJrb3oBaHHeM

pa3rHrIHbIX

3Kcne-

pI{MeHTaJIbHbrX

y,CTaHOBOK,

nOKa3aJIH HSMeHeHHe

HHTeHCTTBHOCTT.I

sposHLI

B

saBHcHMocrH

or

reMneparypbr >KHAKocrLr

f71,77,80,

941.

HurencuBHocrb

KaBuTauuounoft opo3nr.r [epBoHaqaflbHo

yBernrru

BaeTcq

c BoSpacTaHHeM TeM[epaTypbr,

3aTeM,

AocTHfHyB

MaKcr{My-

M0,

yMeHbrrraercg.

'Ans

BoAbr sror MaKcHMyM

HaxoAHTcfl

B

npeAe-

nax

40-50"

C

(pnc.

17).

VqeHHe eAuHoAyrrrHbr B o6rqcHeHHH

ocna6aeHHff aposnl{

npn

roBbIIIreHHH

reMneparypbl

BoAbI BbIIue 50"C.

flpnunHa,

no-BHAH

MOMy,

3aKrroqaercfl

B ToM,

r{To

npH

BbrcoKr{x

reMnepaTypax

H3-34

pe3Kofo yBerHqeHKn

traBJreHHff

HacbrrrleHHbrx

napoB eoAbl

AaB.tIeHHe

BHyTpH KaBI'ITaIIHOHHOTO

ny3blpbKa

yBerHrlHBaeTcfl

H

sHeprHt

y4apnoft

BoJrHbI, o6pasyroqefics

npn ero

pa3pyuenttrl,

yMeHb-

IIIACTCff.

EAnHoro

MHeHHfl

epo3HH

npu

HHs-ifirx

Jtblx

.npl4rrHH

Mox(ef

reMneparypbr.

Tax,

rreM

npn

,l:50

"C.

TeMneparypax

BcJIeAcTBHe

auoua.uHli BoAbr

rr no.zl

sosAeficrBueM

BbrcoKoro

AaBJreHr.rfl,

o6pasyrourerocn

npr{

pa3pyrrreur.rn

KaBHTaqH-

oHHbrx

[y3brpbr{oB,

npoucxoArrr MecrHoe

o6pasonaurre

JrbAa,

qro

1I

CHH)I(aeT

HHTeHCHBHOCTb

9pO3Hrr.

r{pesnuuatiuo

Bax(Hbrr\r

QarropoM

B

orreHKe

KaBHTar-(}roHnofi

apo-

gtrw

flBJIflercfl

BpeMfl.

tleu

6oarure npo,rl,oJrxrrreJrbHocrb

eosAeftcr-

BHfl KaBI4TaUwvr Ha

HanpaBJrflrorqyp

rloroK noBepxHocrb,

Terr

6o.nl-

rxeN{y

pa3pyueHuro

oua

6yner noABepfHyra.

OAuaxo

pa3BrrrFre

epo-

gI4H

Bo BpeMeHH npoucxoAaT HeJluuefiso.

i

Kax

[oKa3aJrH

onbrrbr

f2l,

77, I I ll,

KaBHrarriloHHoe

pa3pyrxeHr{e.

MaTepHaJra

Ha-

qlrHaeTcfl

He

cpa3y, a

flo uc-

TeqeHHH

BpeMeHH, KOTOpOe

o6H.rno Ha3brBaror rauxy6aun-

oHHbrM

nepuoAoM. B

reqeHue

9TO|O fiepHOAa npOHCXOAflT,

KaK npaBHJro,

3HaqHTeJrbHbIe

[JIacrHqecKHe

4eQopu

a\nv

noBepxHocTHoro

cJIofl

1\,raTe-

pvaila

6es

raxux-"nu6o

cy-

IrrecrBeHHbrx

florepb

o6reua

HJIH

BCCA.

Harraflo lraBprrarrHoHnofi

3p03r{H xapaKTepH3yercfl

6onrnrofi

r.rHTeHcHBHocrblo

r.r3Hoca. O6m.IHo npHHsTo

cr{HTaTb,

qro

np}I

9ToI\,I

npo-

HcxoAHT

KaK 6rr

craa>xprga-

HHe

noBepxHocru.

Kasura-

IIHOHHOMY

PA3PYIuCHHIO

NOA-

BepraroTcfl

pa3/rr.rqHbre

Ae-

Qexru

vr

<<c.ila6ue

Mecra>>

HanpaBJrstoqefi

floroK no-

BepxHocrH. flocne

yAaJreHHr

gTHx'

AeQexron,

HHTeHcHBHocrb

K?.

srrrauaoHofi

gpo3liu

pesKo

cHHxaercfl, TaK KaK noA

Aeficrnuen

KaBprTatjJrr4 B noBepxHocrHoM

cJroe MarepHaJra

npoHcxoAqr p33-'

JrHrrHbre HsMeHeHHr.

3areu

npoucxoAlrr BTopHqHoe Bo3pacraHue

LrHTeHcHsHocru KaBllTalrnon,nofi

apo3nu,

BbI3BaHHoe

reM,

qro

gpo-

.4HpOBaHHafl

nOBepXHOCTb

CaMa CTaHOBr.rTCfl

HCTOTTHT{KOM KaBHTaTIHH.

Pasnfi.rHHe conyrcrByroque KaBHTaUT{pr

qBreHHfl:

xr{MHqecKafl

xoppo3ufl,

gJIeKTporr4Tur{ecKLIe

npoueccbl r4

Apyrue,

B

6o"nnruefi

reHnelamqpo

6olu

Pnc.

17.

BrncHne

remneparypu

no4u

lro

uHTeHcHBHocrb

KaBHTaunoHuofi

gpo3ulr

pa3nHqHHx

MeTaJJtOB:

.l

-lrapraHrloBar

6ponsa; 2-yrlepolucraff

cra.rrb;

3

-

a;rrcugRufi

Ha

grori

craAHIr

KaBnTarlnousoli

Ha

ocHoBaHI,tH

onbIToB c

nepeoxJlaxAennoft

BbrcKa3aHo HHTepecHoe

npeAnoJloxeHlIe o

ToM,

38

i

oTHocHTe/IbHo

yMeHb[IeHHfl

I.IHTeHCHBHOCTH

TeMneparypax

BoAbI

Her.

Oauori

Hs Bo3Mo)K-

6urn

lnenHueHue

BffgKocrrl

c

: yMeHbIIteHHeM

BrsKocrb BoAbI

npn l:0"C

B

pasa

6onrtue,

Mepe

'IIpoflBJrflrorcf

3p03HH.

flouuuo

rHApoAHHaMHqecKHx xapar(TepucrnK

noroKa Ha npo-

AoJrx{HTeJrbHocrb

r.rHxy6auuonnoro nepnoAa, TaK)I(e

KaK

rr Ha

xapaK-

Tep nporeKaHufl

KaBHTaunoHuofi spo3nH

BJIrIrIor

Qusuxo-MexaHnqe-

cKHe

csoficrsa

MarepuaJla

noBepxHocrl{.

Sror Bonpoc

AocraroqHo

nolpo6Ho

paccMorpeH

B

S

7.

'39

30

40

50

60

70

80

BoAofi

[80]

6u.no

IITO

NPH HHSKHX

$

5. B0-3HHKH0BEHilE

H

PASBUThE

I(ABHTAUHH

MAlltl.tHAx

6uHuyn

riSMepl:;

.pa*

-AaB"rreHHe,

tr36brTor{Hoe

HaA

aTr{ocsepHbrr\{.

flpanran

GK'

oir-t6xen

Hafl,

BJreBo

or

JrrrHHLr

AB,

noKasbrBaeT

BeflHqr{Hy

arnaocQepHofo

AaBJreHr{fl,

"orpu*.HHyrc

B

lrerpax

BoAff

-

Horo

cron6a.

llp'

TeqeHHr{

BoAu

no

ryp6Hu'oli

KaMepe

Hrr

orMeTKa,

Hir

cKo_

pocrHofi

H8[opzHe

MeHflnrcn,

o4HaKo

HMeIoT

MecTo runnzR nr,tup(\nr.ra

rr\rr

sP?1'

\-/

l'Jrux(l'IB

B"jreBo

or

JTHHIiI{

EF

BeJII.TTIHHbI

f

HApaBrHqecKI{x

norepb

(rouxa

a

Ha

nnnuu

I)

"

.*opo"r*.o

Hanopa

(rouxa

b

ga

:X:::.::.1:i"31yl__.{lo

.qaBrreH'e

B

noroKe,

KaK

Hs6orroqHoe,

raK

H

a6con*uoe

c""suno.o.

npoao"rn;;'

";;;;;;;""'

"'nTu"o='

Ji"uf

HapacTalo4ne

BeJIHTIHHbI

fHApaB-ilfiqecK'x

norepb,

rroJryrraeM

He,,pe-

pbrBHyrc

"'rHHHIo

I.

Cropocrb

noroKa

Bo3pacraeT

B

HanpaBJr_flr.oqeru

annapare,

orse-

ro

JII'IHIls

II,

IIoKa3blBarouraf

Hgn{eHeHHe

cr(opocruoro

Hanopa,

or-

xolHr

crrJrbHo

BJreBo.

fiae.ueHne

B

noToKe

naAaeT

_

Ha

npaQnxe

AaBJIeHI'I€

[epeA

pa6ovrau

KoJIecoM

MeHbrrre

armocQepHoro,

riro

Mo-

x{eT

r,rMeTb

Mecro

B

HugKoHanopHbrx

ryp6unax.

r

B

pa6oueM

KoJIece

npoucxoanr

npeo"opusoBaHr{e

oHeprfir.i

noroKa

B

MexaHHqecKyro

sHeprun

Bparqarcqaxcs

.racrefi

ryp6iuu.

a;"t;_

crByrorqafl

STOMy

orAaqa

sacrH

.HailOpa

rzso6pax""-r'orpe3Kor\r,

oT-

.rox<eHHbn{

BrreBo

or

'nu."uvr

I

(rouxa

i

ua

iuruun

III):

H;..;;rp;

Ha

ro,

rrro

cKopocruorl

Hanop

B

KOJreCe

cr4,rrbHo

yMeHbrxaeTcf

("rr'pr--_

nwn

II

npu6nux<aercfl

n

nuti^

III),

nr"n."re

rroroKa

npoAoJrlKaer

naAaTb.

fia"rree

HI4KaKoro

noJle3Horo

apeo6paeonaHufl

3HeprHH

rroroKa

He

rIpoHcxoAllr'

u

JIr4Hufl

III

pacrloJlaraercfl

rrapaJrJreJrbHo

JrLrHHrr

I.

llpu

ABHxeIIHH

rrepe3

orcacbrBarculyrc

rpy6y

cropocnrofi

Hanop

yMeHblIaercq, r{To

c

yMeHbIUeHUet\{

orMeroK

rrpHBoAHT

K

nocrerreH-

HoMy yBerHqeHI4Io

AaBJIeHI{q. Ha

BbIXoAe

I{g

orcacbrBaroulefi

rpy6nr

AaBJIeHIIe craHoBHTcr

paBHbrM

rny6une

znwx

ee fiorpv>KeHHfl

rroA

ypoBeHb

BoAbr.

-

flplr

raKoM paccMorpeHHu

o6.nacrs

uan6onrrrero

pa3pex(eHrrfl,

-a6conprHoe

AaBJreHue

a

xoropofi

ropa3Ao

MeHbrrre

urnnoi6.p"*;:

HaxoAHTCfl

Ha.

BbrxoAe

13

pa6ouero

KoJreca

typ6nHu

H

B HarraJre

oTcacblBalouleli

rpy6sl.

3to

paspex{eHne

6o.urue

craTr{secKoro

pa3-

peX{eHH'I

H

o*"

Ha

BeJIHtIHHy

AOIIOJIHIITeJIbHOTO

AHHaMHT{eCKO;O

pa3-

pex(eHHf,

BbI3BaHHoro

paclxupeHHel\{

orcacblBaroulert

rpydu

ru

onp"-

AeJrreMoro pe>r(r4MoM

pa6oru

ryp6unu.

Ha

pHc.

-19

ueo6pax(ega

llocrpoeHHafl

auaJrornqnbrM

cnoco6ou

AHarpaMMa

HSMeHeHHn

LABJTeHHfl

noroKa

B

pa3rr4r{Hbrx

3JrerueHTax

nporor{Hofi

qacrH

BeprHKaJrbHOrO

rleHTpO6exHoro

Hacoca

c

[pqMo-

ocuoft

quraHApa.recrofi

BcacbrBarouefi-

rpy6ofi.

B

nu"ro"

c./ryqae,

KaK

ero

BI4,[,uo

Hs

npHBeAeHHoro

rpaQHxa,

nan6onbrrree

paspe]Ke-

Hr.re

HMeercfl

npr{

BXoAe

B

pa6ouee

KoJreco

Hacoca.

flpdcreAruuft

aHa[Iug

noKa3blBaer,

rrro

npH

Bblcorax

gcacltsai]Hq

H

r-

nopffAl(a

6-8

u

a1conlorHoe

AaBJIeHHe

e

eror?

o6nacru

Mo>Ker

6urr

MeHbr[e

.[aBJreHlIfl

HacblrrleHHblx

n.apoe

BoAbr

hnap.

,

Pa6c

rH.qPABIl4rtEct(Hx

Qe

.

Prc.

18.

HsMeHeHxe

,qaBJIeH[fl

npu

nporeKaHnr{

roroKa

qepg3

pa6o.gre

opraHbr

peaxrnanofi

rn,u,poryp6nHu

Ha

puc.

18

cnesa

ueo6pax<eHa

rrocJreAoBareJrbHocrb

ortrx

opra_

HoB'

c[paBa

-

rpa+Hx

H3MeHeHHfl

AaBneHHfl

B

3aBHcHMocrrr

oT

H3-

40

-

H-F

Lnu/]a/ibHd9

t4fi€Da

FiF

(oH)orr4

\

4t

PaccrrrorpeHHble npHMepbl

HarJIffAHo

AeMoHcrptlpyrcr,

rlro

Hop-

ua.uruufi

pa6ouufi npouecc

raKHX

JroflacrHbrx

THApaBJII{qecKHX

Ma-

IITTIH

KaK

Typ6nuu

s Hacocbl

conpoBo)KAaeTcfl

yMeHbureHHeM

AaB'

JIeHHff noToKa

H o6pasonaHneM

3oH,

AaBJIeHHe

B l{oropblx

Mox{eT

AOCTHTaTb

KpHTHTTeCKOTO

3HaqeHHq

C TOqKH

3peHl{fl

BO3HHKHOBeHHff

Kporue

sroro,

B rrrApaBJrHqecKHX

MaurnHax

MolKer

npo'HcxoAnTb

AonoJIHHTeJIbHoe,

HenpeAycMorpeHHoe

pa6ounu

[poUeccoM,

yMeHb-

rueHHe

AaBJreHHfl,

IITO

B

3HarlgTenlsOfi

Mepe

yBeflHr{l'IBaeT OnaC-

Hocrb

Bo3HHKHoBeHHff

KaBr4Ta\HLr. 3to

ynteHblfieHne l\{o)Ker

HocHTb

o6ufufi

xapaKTep

H.nH

6urr

Bbr3BaHo

KaKrlMH-To

I\{ecrHbIMH

HsMeHe-

HIIflMH

B NOTOKC.

Pxc. 19.

HsnIeHeHHe

AaBreHHc

noroKa

B

paSflutlHblx sJIeMeHTax

nporouuofi

qacrfi

qenrpo6exrnoro

Hacoca

flpulreHnreJlbHo

I( peaKTHBHbIM

ruApoTyp6lruaii't

H

HacocaM

trpH-

rIHHa[rH

o6ulero,

AonoJrHr,rreJrbHofo

yN{eHblxeHIIfl

AaBJIeHHfl

M.oryr

6mrs:

1) HerrpaBuJrbHoe

pacrroJrolKeHue

rI{ApaB,'IHr{ecKofi

MaIUHHbI

no

oTHoLxeHHIO

K

ypoBHIo cBo6oAuori

noBepXHocTII

>KHAKocTIT;

2)

yr{eHbrreHue

aruocQepHoro

AaB.r'IeHHr,

cBfl3aHHoe

c

noBbl-

rueHrre[f

BblcorHofo

no,IIox(eHIIf;

3)

yMeHb[reHue

a6co.-IrorHoro

AaBJTeHI{fl

B

cucret\Ie,

cBfl3aHHoe

c

oco6eHHocrflMn

sKcn.rit\-aralrl'Ill

rHApaBJlnqecxoit

nIaill{Hbl.

A{ecrnoe

IIoHHXieHHe

AaBJIeHIlfl

Moxier

IIpoHcxoAIITb

B

pe3yJlb-

TATC:

42

-''

'

I

)

AodanoqHblx

florepb

3Heprlru

B

sJreMeHTax

nporouHofi

qacr4

ruApaBJrHqecxofi

'MaIUHHbr;

\

MecrHoro

yBernrreHr.rfl'

cKopocru

noroKa;

9)

orxJroHexufl

nuuufi

roKa

or

Hx

uopua.rrsHofi

TpaeKro

pHH.

Hugxoe

a6conrcrHoe

AaBJreHHe

H npoqecc

KaBHTauHH

r\{orvr

TAKXE

HMCTry

MCCTO

IIPH

HCYCTAHOBHBIUHXCfl

PCXII{MAX

PA6OrbI

THA-

Puntrarll||rbl:

l'hApaBrHrIecKHH

yAap

B

cHcTeMe, peX{HMbI

nycKa,

ocTa-

HOBKH

H

u3MeHeHrrf

Harpy3KH

14 T.

A.

flpe4craBJrfls

6onrruoft

npax_

rH.IecxHft

I{HTepec,

gToT

BHA

Xannraquu,

orHaKo,

He

.

flBJIflerCfl

CYqECTBCHHbIM

C TOITKI,I

3PEHHfl

KABI{TAIIUOUHOft

3PO3HH.

I]oHepxHo-

Pnc.

20.

Bscora

BcaclrBaHHfl

HacocoB:

a

-

qeuTpo6exuoro;

6_

ocesoro

HsMeHeHue

o6ulero ypoBHs

AaBileHHr

B ruApaB,rrn.recxofi

Ma_

IrII{He

npa

pa3fllarrHoM

BbICOTHOM

pacrroJro}KeHr{H

ee

no

crHorrreHuro

K

ypoBHn

cso6oAHofi

noBepxHocrll

)r(HrKocrr{

Mo>Ker

6url

JrerKo

rrpoHrJrrccrpr{poBaHo

,Ha

rrprrMepax

rleHTpo6e>xuoro

Hacoca

H peaK-

rueHofi

nrAporyp6anu.

!p"

o_rKaq*e

xr.rAKocrrr

H3

orKpbrroro

pe3epByapa,

ypoBeHb

ceo6o,qroft

noBepxHocru

B KoropoM

pacnofloKeH

HH)Ke

ocir^ pa6o-

qero

KoJreca

Hacoca

(prc.

2A),

xannbHae

Ha

BXOAe

B Hacoc,

rroA-

crrprraHHoe

Ha

ocHoBaHHH

Teopej\{br

FepHy"nnlr,

c

Aocraroqsofi

A"Us

ilpaKTHrrecKHX

Uenefi

TOTTHOCTbTO

MOlr(eT

-6urt

BbrpalKeHo

ypaBHe-

HHEM:

Pt

-

Pam

_H

o',

-nc____-_h.,

(g)

Ty"2g

rAe

+

-

a6co.nrcrHoe

AaBJreHHe

Ha

BxoAe

B

Hacoc,

B

Jti

cr.

)KHA-

?

KOCTH;

H"

-

pa3Hocrh

orMeroK

ocu

Hacoca

H,ceo6oAsofi

cTH

XHAKOCTH

B npHeMHOM

pesepByape

,n

Jw,

43

ut

-

cKopocrb

r{a BxoAe B

Hacoc B nf cex;

h*

-

noreprl or{epn{H

Bo Bcacblearcureli JILTHHH

Hacoca B

PIs

ypaBHeHHrr

(8)

BHAHo,

I{To r{eM

BbIUre

pacnoJlox(eH

no

oTHorueHHro

K

ypoBHIo

)KHAKOCTI{ B

IIpUeNIHONI

pe3epB]/ape

.ren,r

6orb[Ie

BeJIHTIHHa

H

r)

,

TeM MeHbue

AaBJIeHHe

I]a

Bxore

coc

n 6onnure

BepoqrHocrb

Bo3HHKHoBeHHfl

KaBHTaUI{H.

erurluHa

lrt.

Hacoc

(t.

e.

B

HA.

(e)

(r2)

U2-

us-

'

hr,-

H.,

-

cKopocrb

Ha

BbrxoAe

H3

pa6overo

Ko.;reca

n

ulcek;

cKopocrb

BbrxoAa

noroKa

B HH)KHHfi

6neQ

e

ulcerc;

noTepH

3HeprHH

Ha

yr{acTKe

oT KOJreCa

AO

Bbrxo,[a

B

nuxnufi

6re$ (n

orcacbrBarouteft

rpy6e)

B

il;

i{aK

r.r3BecrHo,

Ha3brBaercf

feoAe3l,rqecxofi

Bbtcorofi

BcacblBaHI'Ir.

feoAegraqecKafl

Bbrcora

BcacbrBaHur

ropr{goHTaJlbHblx

qeHTpo-

6exHurx

HacocoB

npeAcraBJlfeT

co6ofi

pa3Hocrb

oTMeToK

ocn

pa6o-

qero

Koa'Iecz H

,cBo6olnofi

ttoBepxHocru

x{HAKocrI{

B

rIpHeNIHol\{

pe-

3epBya

pe.

leoAesuqecriafl

Bbrcora

BcacblBaHHfl

BeprHKa.{bHbIx

ueHrpo6elKHblx

HacocoB

paBHa

pa3Hocru.

oTMeToK

cepeAHHbl

Bxon-

Hbrx

r(poMoK

Jro[aroK

pa6ouero KoJreca

(nepnofi cryrleHH

AJIfl

l{Ho-

rocrylreHqaTblx

Ha,cocon)

u

cso6oAnofi

fioBepxHocru

)KllAKocrl'l

B

pe3epByape.

BaKyyr{-

Cesst

(

l0)

(l

l)

Benuqusa

BaKyyMa

B ceqeHHH

I-l

Pam:Pt

Ha3blBaercs

?

ilteTpqr{ecxOli

erlCOtOfi

BcaCbIBaHHfl

I.I

O6osHaqaeTcf

Hrn*.

IirexiAy

Hr

14 Hrn*

ycraHaBJIHBaerCfl

ypaBHeHVflMU

Hr:- H**-I-h.,

,?

Hro*-

H"++*h,0,.

s--'

29

'

@

,,

P,

-

Pam

-H"-

ai

+'E *ho,

??2g'2gt

pa3Hocrb

orMeroK

pa60ueno

KoJreca

ryp6unu

n

ceo60A-

uo,ri

nonepxHocrH

)Kr{AKocrH

B HrrxHeni

-6re

he

s u.

brBaercr

nucorol.r

o.r.cacbrBaHrfl..

Teoperaue-

cKoe

o[peAeJIeHI4e

Bblcorbl

oTca,cbrBaHufl

qpe3Bbrrraftuo

gafpyAHeHo,

TAK

KAK

HC

H3BCCTHO

TOIIHOC

TIOJIO>KCHHC

3OHbI

I,IITHI,IMAJIbHO|O

NAR-

Pnc.

2l-

Bucora orcacHBanl{fl

rHApaBJHr{ecKux

ryp6nu:

a-pa&Haxftno-oceaofi;

6

-

roPusott-

taainof,;

I

-

[oBopotso-nonacrnofi

0)

JreHHfl

Ha BbrxoAe

r.r3 Typ6HHbr.

floaromy

AJIfl

oAI{HaKoBbIX

THiIoB

ryp6un

B

CCCP

npunaualor

HeKoropylo

nrlocKocrb

B 3oH_9

pa6o-

qero

KoJIeca

AJIfl

oTcrIeTa

ycJIoBHofi eHcOrnt

OTcaCbIB

alufl' H

".

AJrq

BepTHKaJIbHbIX

paAHaJIbHo-oceBbIx

typ6nH

BeJIHqHHa

Hs oT-

_cqHTbrBaeTcfl

oT

rrJrocKocTH

HH}KHeIO

KOflbUa HanpaBJIfIouIero

arIIIa-

para

Ao

ypoBHfl

BoAbI

B

HHxHeNt

6leQe

(p"c. 21,

a);

-a6a

oce-

BbIX

-

oT oCH

noBgpoTa

JloracTefi

Ao

noBepxHocru

HHX{Hero

6neQa

(puc.

2l,e)i

AJrfl

topHSOHTaJILHblx-oT

HanBblcueft

TOqKH

JIo[a-

ciu

pa6ou.io

KoJIeca

Ao

noBepxHocru

HH)KHero

6seQa

(prc- 21,6)'

Bucora orcacbrB

aH4fl,

cquTaercfl

noJIolKHTeJIbHofi,

ecJII'I

ypoBeHb

BoAbt

B

HHlKHenn

6ueQe

HaxoAHTcr

HLDKe

yKa3aHnbIX

ycJIoBHbIX or-

n

eroK

orcrrera,

H

Hao6opor,

T. e.

orpuuareJlbHaf

Bblcora

orcacbl-

.45

llpn

pac[oJIoxeHHI{

Hacoca

HHx(e

ypoBHf BoAbI

B

[pHeMHoM

pe-

3epByape BeJIHuHH

A H

"

I{rteer

oTpHqaTeJIbHoe

SHarIeHHe..

OrpuUa-

TeJrbHoe 3HarIeHHe

teoAe3ur{ecKoft

Bblcorbl

BcacbIBaI{Hf

o6rtquo

I{a-

sbrBaror

noAnopoM.

B

peaKTHBHbIX

rllApoTyp6uuax,

KaK

MbI

y)Ke 3HaeM,

HaHMeHb-

ttree.

AaBJIeHHe

HMeeT

MecTo

Ha

BbIXoAe

H3

KoJIeca.

I'lcno.nsayn

ypaBHeHHe EepHyJIJIH,

Mo)KHo

rloKa3arb

(p"c,

21),

uro

a6co.rrutraq

BC,II4TIHHA

STOIO

M}IHHMAJIbHOTO

AABJICHHf,

SABHCVT

TAI{X(C

N OT

PA'C"

noJrOX(eHHfl

Typ6HHbI

IIo OTHOIIIeHHIo

K

ypoBHIo BOAbI

B

HIIIKHeM

6reQe

rJ.e

-

lz

'.?

-

AaBJreHr.re

Ha BbIXOAg

It3

pa6Ouero I{OJIeca

Typ$HHbl

B

Ji4 SOa.

Cr.:

44

BaHHfl noKa3brBaeT

BeJrHrrnHy

sarfly6neHr{fl

KoJIeca

noA

ypoBeHb

BC-

Abr

B HHX(HeM

6neQe.

Vpanueunn

(8)

H

(12)

roArBeplr{Aaror cyrqecrBoBaHue

H

AByx

Apyrux,

orueiqeHHblx

'paHee

npHr{HH

o6urero rroHH}KeHHr

AaBJreHHfl

B

rHApaBJrHqecKHx

r\{auHHax.

Ha"nH.IHe B rrpaBofi

qacru

ypaBHeHrlfi

se.nrrq rrno,

!-o*-,

T. €.

arruo-

cQepHoro

AaBJreHHfl,

Bbrpax{eHHoro B

Merpax

cron6a

x(HAKocrH,

yKasbrBaer

Ha

yrueHbrueHne

o6u{ero

vpoBHr

AaBJreHHq

B

paccMarpn-

gaeMofi

MarrruHe

c

yBerHqeHHeM

Bbrcorril

ee

pacnoJrox(eHur

no

oTHOIueHHTO

K

ypOBHlO

Mopfl.

B

oTAeJIbHbIx

cflyrlaflx

I{3-3a oco6euuocreft sKcnJIyaTaIIHH

pac-

cr\{arpuBaeMbrx r{arunH

AaBJTeHH

"

Pam

B

ypaBHeHHrx

(8)

H

(12)

?

AoJrxHo

6urr 3aMeHeHo

AaBJren"ann

Pt

r{eHbrrrnr\{,

qerr

arnaocQep-

?

Hoe,

qro

npHBoAHT K

o6qeuy

noHrrx(eHluo

AaBJreHHfl

B MaIIIHHe.

Ang

HdcocoB

3To

r\,Ioxgr

Hlrerb

Ivlecro

rlpH orxaqKe

xu,u,Kocru

vtg

saMKHyroro pe3eByapa,

AaBJIeHHe

B

KoropoNl

(naA

fioBepxHocrbio

xnAxocru) Mox(er

6sIrl MeHbIxe

aruocQepHoro.

ntts

rHApaBJIHqe-

cKHx

ryp6un

sror cnyvafi

MeHee

'TH[HqeH,

Ho

raKxe ]uo]Ker

HMerb

Mecro

ts

cxeMax

c uanopuotl

orBoAruleft

.u,epueaqaefi.

MecrHoe

noHH)KeHHe

AaBJreHHfl

B

pe3yJlbrare

AoIIoJIHHTeJIbHbIx

rHApaBJruqecKHX

floTepb c

nocJreAylol{Hr1

pa3BI{rHeM

KaBI4TaIIHI{

B

grofi

qacrT,I

noroKa

pac[pocrpaHeHo

B

TIIApaBJII{qeCKHX

I\{auI'IHax.

I,Isil{eHeHHe

rrJroulaAu

noroKa

np}r

nepexoAe

v3 oAlioro

pa6ouero

opraHa

Ma[II{HrI

B

A,pyrofi

sBJIfleTcff

xapaKTepHbIM

npHMepoNI

B

gToM

orHoIueHHH.

O6HrrHo

3oHbI

noHux<eHHoro

AaBJIeHHf,

BbISBaH-

Hbre

MecrHbrMl,r

norepflMn

Hanopa,

HtIeIor

orHocHTeJIbHo

He6oJIb[IHe

pa3Mepbl.

oAnaxo

B

oTAe'JIbHbIX

Clyqaflx,

Kar-

Ha[pHIvIeP'

nPH

yBe-

Jrr{qeHHH

rHApaBJrr.rqecKHX

norepb

Bo BcacbiBaroqefi

ilHHHH

Hacoca

[cu.

ypastreuae

(8)

],

rroHrrx(eHr.re

AaBJIeHI{r

Mox(er

Hocnrb

o6uruft

xapaKTep.

Mecrsoe

yBeIHrIeHHe

cKOpocTH

IloToKa

raKx{e

npHBoAHT

K

AO-

46'r

AaBreHHq

B

HanpaBJreHnH

K rIeHTpy

Kpr.rBlr3nbr.

3ro

rroJrolxeHne

ytrl{TbrBaIoT

npH

npoeKTr{poBaHHH

rHAporrrrarrrHH.

PaAuycsr

saKpyr-

JreHHq,

cKopocTb

H HanpaBJreHHe

noroKa nu6nparcT TaKr{Mu, vro6st

a{ecrHoe

noHnx(eHHoe

AaBJreHHe

He

AocruraJro

KpllTuqecxoft eefiHrlu-

r{bl. OAHaxo

B

caJry

rex HJIH

HHbrx

[pHrIr{H

Mox(er

npouaofiru

Me-

crHoe

orKJlor{enne nuuuft

ToKa

or

pacrlerHbrx.

3ro

Mo}Ker

HMerb

qefo

KoJIeca

npH

pe)KHMax,

oTJIHqaTUI[IXCfl

OT OTITHI\'raJrbHOrO,

prilU

npH oTpbIBe

JroroKa

or

o6rexaeuofi noBepxHocrn, a raxlKe npn

Hailkrq.Hvt

HepoBHocr.efi noBepxHocrH

H

pa3lurrHbrx

tlperrflTcrstir

Ha

Iiyrn noroKa. Bo Bcex srHX cryl{affx nponsofiAer

MecrHoe

AorIoJI-

Hr.rTeJrbHoe

[aAeHHe

AaBJreHHf

H r\{ox(eT

Bo3HHKHyTb

KaBHTaUpIfl.

B

rHApaBJrHqecKHx ryp6nnax

H Hacocax, KaK

r{

B

ApyrHX

rHA-

paBilHriecKr,rx

cu'creMax,

KaK

Mbr

yx(e

orMeqaru,

ua1ntoAarorcf

ABa

pa3JrnqHbrx

BuAa KaBHTaunH: noBepxHocrHafl H orpbrBHafl.

Ec,un

flepBafl HMeer

r\{ecro

Ha noBepxHocrflx orAeJrbHbrx

qacrefi

MaurHH

Ltrrr B

HenocpeAcreeHHofi

6nusocru

or

HHx, To BTopar Bo3HHKaer

B

pe3yJrbrare

xone6auts

AaBITeHIIT

e typ6yJIeHrHbIX

crpyflx

H

ne-

pHoArrrrecKH

orpbrBarorrlHxcfl

oT

noBepxHocrH Bllxpflx.

Kax

cJreAyer

r43 rrpr{BeAeHHoro

paHee

aranrvrga H3MeHeHHfl

AaB-

JreHHf

noToKa

npH

npoTeKaHHr{ ero

qepe3

sJreMeHTbI

npoTo'IHofi

qa-

crn

rHApoMaruHH, uau6onee

oracHbIMH

opfaHaMu,

c ror{Ku

3peHua

Bo3HHKHoBeHHT

KaBHTaIlLrH,

rBJlfltorcr

pa6oune

KoJIeca

fHAporyp-

6r.rs

u HacocoB.

Xapaxrepuofi

,u,na

HHx

flB"rlfercfl

KaBI{TauHfl

JIorIa-

crefi,

HJII{

trpo$unsuaa

KaBHTaqI{r.

flp" o6iexaunu

nepeAHefi

xpouxn Jrorracrrr

pa6ouero KoJIeca

npoHcxoAHT

IToHHX{eHHe

AaBJreH[f,

KOTOpOe BbI3BaHo

cBfl3aHHbIM

c

o6rexaHr.leu

orKJroHeHHeM

IIoroKa

u conyrcrByloxluM

eMy

noflBJie-

HHeM

ueHtpo6ex{Hbrx

cHJI.

MusuuaJrbHoe

,q,aBJIeHHe

HaxoAHTcff

B

ToqKe

A

(i,t".

22), MaKcHMaJIbHoe

-

B toqxe

B.

Ha

yqacTKe

BA

3To

AaBJIeHHe

naAaeT,

IIepeXoAf

B

pa3pex(euHe.

XapaKTep

HsMeHe-

HVfl,

AaBJreHr4fi

Ha

STOM

yqacTKe

rr

BeIHr{HHa

pa3pol(eHHfl 3aBHCflT,

np6

npoqnx

paBHbrx

ycJtoBr.rflx or

KoHerIHofi

ro.nuruHu

npoQr4nrfl

Jro-

rracrtr'14

Qopuu

ee

exoAHofi

KpoMKH.

PaspexeHue'

B

qacrHocru,

reu

6o.lbrrre,

qeM

Kopoqe

yqacroK rrepexoAa

K IIoJII{oI,l

ToJIIIIHHe

JIo-

nacTH.

llpu

6onturux

3Har{eHuflx

cKopocrn

Ha

BxoAe

e

pa6ouee KoJIeco

.

TI9HHX(eHHe

AaBJIeHHf

MolKer

AocrHrarb

3Har{nrerlsofi

BeJIHqHHbI.

Tax,

HaIIpIIMep,

ilpn

OTTIOcI,ITeaIHoI?

cKopocT'I'I

noroKa

oKOJIO

20".ylcerc

nonHxeHl{€

AzB.r-leHLIfl

cocTaB,rlflet

8-25

U

sod.

cT.

B

3a-

RucnN{ocrl,I

or

Qoprrru

sxoAHoft

KponIKI{

[33,

I

16].

C,reAoeal'eJlbHo,

Aax{e

npH

rro.rro}KHTeJrbHbrx

cpeAHlix

3HaqeHHfl,x

LaBJteHvIf

B IIOTOKe

noslabxHo

noqeJreHrre

KaBTITauHH

Ha exoAHoii

KpoMKe

Jlorlacreft

pa'

6oqnx

KoJIec.

B

6onlurnHcrBe

cayqaeB

B

pa6ounx KoJlecax

Kal(

peaKTHBHbIl

ryp6lru,

TaK

H

JIOIIacTHbIx

HaCocOB,

KaBHTaqHoHHaff

SoHa

y

"*94'

Hbh

r{poMKH

npoQn.rrr.rpoBaHHbIX

"Ilonacrefi

sogHI,IKaer

c

tunnuola,

47

l

r

I

1

t

ll

I

|

Hepa6oqel?

cropoHbr.

OAHaxo

ilpH

orllr{UareJrbrrblx

yr.rrax

arariri

Bo3niox{Ho

Bo3rrHKHoBeHr{e

KaBr{Tar{r.rr{

r.r

Ha

HarropHofi

nonellxnociri

Jlonacreti,

Ha HeKoropoM

yAaJreHr,rlt

or

exo.(Hort

Kpor\,rKrr. flpu

pe

)KIIMax, pesxo

orflrrqarculnxcr oT

pacqerHoro,

npoucxoArrr

o6paso-

BaHHe 6onrurux

KaBHTaurroHHbrx

goH

sa

rltnruoft

noBepxHocrpi

"{o-

nacrefi K r(oHIIy

npoQu-

Jrfl H Ha

sslxoAnoli xpoti-

'

Ke.

3ro

flBJIeHIIe

HaIi-

6o"'lee xapaKTepH0

AJrrr

pa6ouux

KoJIec BbIcoKo-

HanopHbrx

paAr.raJrbHo-

oceBbrx

ryp6uw

H

I{eHr-

po6ex<Hnrx

HacocoB BcJIeA-

CTBHE

anQQysopHocrl{

UX

MCX(JIONACTHbIX

KA.

HAJIOB.

!,pyruura

3JIeMeHra-

MH

pa6our.tx KoJIec

rI{{'

poi\,{aIrIHH,

Ha

KOTOpbIX

npH onpeAeJleHHblx

ycJo-

BHfl,X MOX{eT

B03HHKHVTb

u

pa3BldBaTbcfl

noBepx-

HOCTHag

KaBHTaqI4fl,

qB-

Jrflrorcs

BTyJIKH

pa6oue.-

fo KoJIeca

v

Hapyx{Hblli

Puc. 2i.

Xapaxrep

pacrpeAeneHnfl

AaBJre-

Hrrs, no noBepxHocru

npoSn;rn

H

cxeMa

o6pasosaH[c

KaBr{Taq'floHnofi 3oHbr

a

s

.()

\

I

%l

0o!

9t,

nPoQu/tP

o6ol

Hpr3KOHarIOpHbIX

pa(wailbHo-oceBblX

ryp

-

6un

Ec"nu

B

paAHaJIbHo-

oceBbrx

ryp6znax

KaBH-

Taur4oHHafl 3oHa

MoX(eT

pacnpocrpaHarbcff

no ncefi

noBepxHocru

BTvJTKH

pa6ouero KoJIeca,

To

B

noBoporHo-JronacrHbrx

ryp6nnax H oceBbrx

Hacocax

aror

rr.rn

KaBHTar{Hr.r HOCHT

.nOXa"nrHrrft XapaKTep.

trilso.rrupoBaHHbre

KaBI4Ta-

uI,IoHHbIe

goHbr

BogHHKaroT, KaK rrpaBHJIo, Hg-ga

ruecruoft HepaBHo-

MepHocTH noToKa

B

Mecrax

npHJreraHwfl, BHyTpeHHr.{x

Topr{oB Jrona-

Crefi

K

BTyJIKe

H

Ha IIHJIHHApHT{eSK9M

yllacTKe

noBepXHocTLI BTyJI-

KH noA rpa6xaun

"nonacrefi.

flonnanao npoQunruoli KaBHrar\HH,

HrrLr

KaB:aral.:nr

Qopuu

[31J,

o KoTopofi ronopraJrocb Bbrrre,

xapaKTepuor?

AJrr

JroflacrHbrx

fHApaB-

JII{qCCXHX

MAIUHH

BCCX THNOB

fBJIflCTCg

KABHTAUHfl, BO3HHKArcII{Afl

B

pe3yJlbrare

BbrcoKHX

cxopoctefi

TerIeHHfl B

pa3rHtlHblx

y3KHX

rrleJrflx H

cMe[reHr{fl

SToro Ter{eHHfl

c ocHoBHbIM

IOTOKOM

tIpH BbIXO-

Ae--Hs-

rrIeJrH.

3ror

run

KaBHTaTTHH B

rexHu.rbcxofi

JlnTeparype

IIo-

flytIHfl

Ha3BaHI{e uleneeol?

KaBHTarLr4r4.

B

.peaxrHBHbIX ruAporyp6uuax

uIeJIeBafl

KaBHTalU,Hfl,

HMeer

Me-

cro

B

sa3opax

N{ex(Ay

ropl{al\tu

JIonaToK

H

KoJIbqaMI'l

(aepxnnnr

H

48

HHX(rll4M)

rraupaF,rtnrolr1nx

arraparoB.

flprr

qpe3Bbrqaiino-

MaJrbrx.

orKpbrrHflx.

HanpaBJrrrrcuero

anilapaTa

H npH

ocraHoBxe

ryp6ua

(oco6euuo

BbrcoKoH,anopHbrx)

BaKpbrrr.reM

HanpaB/rflrorrlero

anrapa-

TA

BCJICACTBI'IC

HCIIJIOTHOCT?I

MCX{AY

COCCAHI,IMI{ JIONATI{AilII{

IUC"IIE.

Bafl

I{aBIITaUHfl

Mo}I(eT

pa3Bl.ITbcfl

no

Bceft

AJTHHe

JrorlaTor(

Ha[paB-

Jrflrorrlef

o

annapara

B Mecrax

HX [pHreraHHq

Apyr

K

Apyf],

[48.

60J.

/

lrl.enenan

KaBuTarrr{fl

Bo3HHKaer

raK)Ke

B sa3opax

[,rex{Ay rop-

uar\ftr

.nonacrefr

noBoporuo-JrolacrHbrx

rr.rAporyp6un

u

creHKar\{pr

Kax,repbr

pa6overo

KoJreca.

B

uenrpo6exuui

Hacocax

c

pa6ouHMH

KoJrecaMH

rroJryorKpbrro-

ro

ruila

uleJreBafl

KaBvrarrnfl,

Bo3HHKaer

B

3a3opax

Me)KAy

r0p-

IIaIUH

Jlonacreli

u

nepeAHeli

xpuruxofi

Ko>Kyxa.

B oceBbrx

Hacocax

TaKX{e

KaK

H B

-noBopornoJlonacTHbrx

ryp6uHax,

HHTeHcHBHafl

rr{e-

JICBAfl

KABWTA\Hfl

HMCCT

MCCTO B 3A3OPAX

MC}KAY JIONACTflNIH

14

creHKaMH KaMepbr pa6ouero

KoJreca.

flonepxnocrHafl

:raBtTarrnfl

Mox(er Bo3HHKHyrb

H Ha HenoA-

BHX{HbIx

gJIeMeHTax

rI4ApaBJrHrrecKHx

MaurHH.

Tar, BcJreAcrBHe o6-

u{ero

noHLIX(eHkrfl,

AaBileHHfl

KaBHTaUHOHHbTe

SOHbr

r{aCTO

BO3HHKaTOT

Ha creHKax

orcacbrBaronlrax

rpy6

peaxrHnnux

fnAporyp6uu Heno-

CPCACTECHHO

SA

PA6OqHM

KOJIECOM

H HA IIoBCpXHocTH

BcacbIBAIoII(HX

narpy6xon

HacocoB rrepeA

BxoAoM Ha JrorracrH

pa6ovux

KoJrec.

Pagrpt.Inble

KoHcrpyI(THBHbre

coeAHHeHI{f, HeAocrarKH

MoHTa}Ka,

He-

poBHocTH

H IUepOXOBaTOCTb

TIOBepXHOCTH

MOryT

BbrSBaTb lroflB.ire-

HHe KaBHTaI{HoHHbrx

3oH vr

Ha

ApyrHX

gJreMeHTax

rrporo.rHofi

rracrr{

rHAporyp6uu.

Hau6o.nee

xapaKTepHbrM

npuMepoM

orpueHoft

KaBr4Tar{HH,

rrMe-

rctr1efi

Mecro

B

rHApaBJrHqecKHx

N[arrrzHax, ffBJrfleTcfl

KaBHTauHTI

BHyrpH

Bl{xpeBoro

x(ryra, Bo3Hr{Karoulero

ga

pa6ouunau

KoJrecaMH

i

..,:

paLnaJrbHo-oceBbrx

rr{ApoTyp6us

_rrpu

MaJrbrx

Harpy.3Kax u

Ha

Sop-'

'

"'r/"t't

cr.rpoBaHHbrx

pex<r4Max

[60,

115J. B

3aBr.rcnMocrr4

or

fHApo4r4HZ.-_

V2i,,.

1

MHqecKHX

ycJloBufi

eror x(ryr, a

cJreAoBareJrbHo, H

KaBHTarrHoHHafl

30Ha

Morlir

pacfipocrpaHfrrrcf

Ao

BTyJTKH

pa60vero

KoJreca 14

Aax{e'

npoHl4Karb

B

Mex{Jro[acTHble

KaHaJrbr.

floAo6uoro

poAa

KaBrrrarrns HMeer

Mecro

H B

AHaroHaJrbHbIX

H

oceBblx

Hacocax.

Ans

noBoporHoJlonacrHblx

fuAporyp6un

oHa

He rBJlrercfl

THnHr{Hofi u

nao>xer

Bo3HHKHyrb

Jrnurb Ha

HepacrlerHblx

pe>KHMax.

llouuuo KaBHTaTTHH B BuxpeBorvr xryre BogHr{KHoBeHHe orpbrB-

uoft

lrar.vrrar\Hn

Molr(er

6urr Bbr3BaHo HepoBHocrffMr{

rroBepxHocra,

B aKTHBHbrx rnAporyp6ranax

KaBHTaIrHr, BbI3bIBaeMar.,

KaK npa-

BHJTO, UepOXOBaTOCTbTO

IOBepXHOCTH,

paC[pOCTpaHfleTCf

Ha

noBepx-

Hocrrx corrJra u HrJrbr 3arBopa.

llpr 6onnrunx cKopocrflx

licrer{el{Hfi

crpyu

prs

conJra

(nopnnxa

50-100

ulcerc)

Aalr(e

ne6ortruafl

rlepo

xoBarocTb npeAcraB,rrfleT onacHocrb Bo3HHKHoBeHHfl

KaBHTauI,IH.

B

pa6ouux

Ko"{ecax

aKrHBHbrx

rrrAporyp6uu KaBHTauHfl

Bo3HHKaer

Ha BHyrpeHHHx

rroBepxHocrRx

xoeurefi,

3a

Hx JIegBvrflMH.

49'

CraAltt.t

pa3BI'ITHff

KaBI4Taquu

(Haua.ntHan,

qacrflrrHo

pa3BtrB-

rrlaflcff H

rroJrHocTbro pa3BHBruaflCf

raenraqna) B THApaBJIHqecKHX

MaurHHax

o6H.IFIo onpeAeJlflIor

no

creneHH

rrx

BJIIrffHr{fl

Ha

3Hepre-

THqecKHe

xapaKTepHcrrrr(n

paccMarpuBaeMori

MarluHbr.

Tar, HanpH-

^{ep,

npH

HcnbITaHHgx

Ha'cocoB

B

Kar{ecTBe

HaqaJra KaBr{TaqHr{

3a-

qacryrc

paccMaTpHBaroT

pelKr{M,

npH

KoTopoM npoHcxoAr{T

Bbr3BaH-

pa6oru

Hacoca

HagbrBar,or pex{r4M,

npH

KoropoM

yMeHbrrrer{He

K.n.A.

Aocruraer

l0o/0.

C

ror{Ku

3peHur

H3Hoca ruApoMarrrr{H

BcireA-

crBr.re KaBl{Taur.rouuoft

apo3Hlr

raKoe

onpeAeJreHne

craAnft

pa3BIITHfl

KaBHTarrHr-t

(a

B oco6eHuocrrr

HaqannHori

xannrauuu)

HeJIb3fl

cqn-

TaTb

IIpaBHJrbHbrM.

Kax

noKa3aJrlr

BHgyaJrbHbre

sa6nrcAeHnfl rroroKa B

pa3flHrIHbIX

rHApaBJrrrqecKHx

MarrrHHax,

oqeHb

r{acro

KaBHTarlr4oHHbre

flBJlerrvrff,

Ha6nrcAarorcr

noqrn rrpu Bcex

sKcnJryaraunoHubrx

pex(Hl\tax, BK.{rc-

q.afl,

pelKl{r\{br,

6nnsxue

K

onruMaJIbHbIM

[93,

l0l,

l17]. C

il3i\I€H€-

Hr.reM

pex(HMa

pa6oru

paccMaTpHeaennofi MarrrHHbI

IIpoHcxoAI{T

ToJibKo I43MeHeHpIe

HHTeHcHBHocTH

KaBHTaITHI,I.

Ec.rrn

npu

pex(II;\{aX

s{r{Hr.rMantHoft

H

QopcnpoeaHHoft

ruou{Hocru

(nporiseoArlTeJlbHocrra)

cHJrbHo

pa3Br.rrbre

KaBHTar{HoHHbIe

flBiIeHLIfl

Hocflr o6utrafi

xapaxTep

t4

cyuIecTBeHHo

BJIHfltOT

Ha

I(.

n.

A.

HJrVr

BenHqHHy

HaIIOpa,

TO

IIpH

pelKuMax,

6nnsxrax

K

olruMaJrbHoMy,

HMelorcfl

orAeJIbHbIe

oqarH

Haqa.nnH

ofi

unu

sacrur{Ho

pagBr{eueftcq

KaBHTaIIHH

(xanuraqltn

Ha

KpoMKaX nonacrefi,

Ueneeas,

HepoBHocrefi

IIOBepXHocTI{

14 T.

I,.),

rfoTopafl

He

oKa3brBaeT

SaNreTHofo

BJrrIfHHfl

Ha

xapaKTepI'IcTI'IKtI

lla-

IUHHbI,

Ho MolKeT

6ltm

npuuuuofi

KaBl'{raqIaousoft

3posllu.

flpH

STOMyMecTHoHanoMHHTb,I{ToHau6onilllafI{HTeHcHBHocTbKaBH-

raqnonHoft

gpo3nu

rrpnxoAnTcfl

Ha Har{ar'IbHble

craAHu

pa3BllrHfl

KaBHTarIHlr

(ctnr.

S

4).

Taxunl

o6pasoM,

rrpn

paccNrorpeHl4u

pa3BuTufl KaBHTaUI{II

B

rI{A-

poMaIIIHHaX

HyIKHO

yql,ITbIBaTb

H TaKHe

pe)KHl\tbl,

npI,I

KoTOpbIX

Ka-

BHTar{Hfl

He oKa3brBaeT

eule

BJTHflHLIfl

Ha

BHeuHHe

SHepfeT}IqecliHe

XapaKTepHCTHKH,

HO

fBJIfleTCfl

OnaCgOfi

C

TOI{KH

3peHgfl

KaBI{Ta-

rlHoHHoft

gpo3r4u.

nnn

npaBnJrbHoro

orIpeAeJIeHHfl

sTHX

pe>KIIrloB

ueO6xOAHMbr

KOflHrrecTBeHHbre

napaMeTpbl,

TotIHo

oIIpeAeJIflI'oIIlHe

CTeIIeHb

pagBI4THg

KaBHTaIII4H.

B Ha'CTOflUIee

BpeMfl

HCnOJIb3yeTCfl

AocrarO.IHo

6onturOe

KOJIHqecTBo

pa3IHr{HbIX

6eSpaSntepHblx

napa-

r\{eTpoB

KaBuTaI\HLr.

carotno

[pocTbrM

u B

TO

]Ke

BpeItIf

sau6onee

noJIHO

IIpeAcTaB-

.rrfrou{.lrM

Aeftire'TenbHyro

KapTr'Hy

fB'fleTcf

xoaQQuUHeHT

KaBII-

ra\uu

k,

xOropttli

NIo)KeT

6url

o[peAeJIeH

Ha

ocHoBe

cJIeAyrouIHX

paccy)KAesufi.

'

fionagcrum

_JIorIS,CTb

B

noToK

)KHAKqSTII

co

cKopocrbro

ao

II

AaB-

lt€HHeM

po.

Xipaxrep

pacnpeAeJleII^Hf

-

LaBJIeHHf

Ha

o6elIx

cro-

poHax

JIoIIacrH

IIoKa3aH

Ha

pgc.

22.

MnHnlr'laJlbHoe AaBJIeHue

Pi

6yler

Ha

cilr,rHKe-

Jronacrq

;

roqKe

A

HeAane6o

or

nepe4ueft

r{poMKH.

50

flpunaeufls

ypaBHenne

Bepnyn.uH

p\nfl,

crBopoB

Hbrx

npeo6pagosauHft

noflyrraeM

0u

.1,

nocne Hecnox-

4tr

-

rt

4o

(13)

(

l4)

(1

5)

OruorueHue

Qr:

!

oof;

Qs:

I

Pa3.

H Ha3brBaeTcfl

xosQQHuHeHToM

KaBHrarIHH.

Ecau

AaBJreHHe

Ha creHKe

Jro[acru

yMeHbrunJrocb

H

B crBope

I-I Harraflacb

KaBfiTaqHfl,

To

xosSQraqHeHT

KaBHTar{Hr.r

k npr{Hu-

MaeT KpHTrdrrecK@

3HaqeHHe:

rAe

P*p

-

AaBireHHe,

cooTBeTcTByroqee

HarIaIy

KaBHTaIIHLI.

Kax

y)Ke

roBopaJlocb

paHbute,

o6ulHo

psp

3ar\,reHrror

Ha

pnop

-

AaBJIeHHe

HacbrrrlenHbrx

napoB )r{r{AKocru

rlpH

gauHofi

TeMneparype,

rrpeAnoJrarafl,,

qro

AaBJreHHe

BHyrpH

KaBr.rrauuouuoft

3oHbr

paBHo

AaBJIeHHTo

HacbrlrlenHbrx

rrapoB.

3ra 3aMeHa cnpaBeAJrHBa

AaJreKo

Ire

BcerAa

H

AoJrx(Ha

o6'cyx4arbcfl B

Kax(AoM KoHKperHoM cJry-

qae.

OAuaro

ecrb Hel(oropoe

o[paBAaHHe erofi

3arvreHbr, TaK

KaK

TorIHo

o[p.eAeJrr{Tb

AaBJreHLre

BHyrpH KaBnTarrnouuofi

3oHbr

rlpaK-

THIICCKH HCBO3MOXHO.

KoeSQHqHeHr

KaBnraquu

k

orpeAeJlfler

ycJIoBHs

noroxa

B

AaH-

HoM cerreHllu

H

Mo>KeT

6rtm uc[oJrbgoBaH

B

AByx

cflyr{aflx.

B

nepBoM cryrrae

xoeQQuuHeHT k ncnonbsyercr

.rl,Jrfl

olrncaHHfl

THApoAHHaMHTIecKHX

ycJrosufi

B

rroroKe

B

AaIIHoM

cerreHuu HegaBH-

CHIIIO

OT

TOrO,

HarIaIaCb

TaM

KaBHTaqIlf I4JIH

HeT.

Bo

BropoM

cryr{ae

xoeSQnqHeHT

KaBHTaITLIH

k

xapaKrepn3yer

3aAaHHyFO

HanpaBJIflIOIltyn

noBepxHocrb B

ycJIoBHflx pasrHqHo

pa3BlrBrrrefics KaBHTaIInn.

KoeQQurlraenr

k

nnn

ycnonufi

KaBHTaUHH,

ToJrbKo

qro

noflBHBlrleficq

Ha

o6rexaeuofi

noBepxHocru,

o6uqHo

o6osHa.raeTcq

k*o

unn

k*,o,

rrpu

gToru

HHAeKcbI

I{p

14 H.aq

ynalbr-

BAIOT

HA

HAIIAflO

KABHTAIIHH.

E,c.nu

ycJIOBI,If B

nOToKe

I{3MeHI{JIHcb

TaKHM

O6paeou,

qTo

3Ha-

qeHue

ft CfaAO

HHx<e

3HaqeHnfl

k*or,

To

r.a>K6afl,

HoBafl

B.eJIHqHHa

5l

:ft

coorBercrByer

HoBori

oltpeAeJreHHori

craAtrr.r

pa3Br.rru

fl

'KaBHTaunn

)4JIH,

KaK

gro

HMeer

MecTo

B

paccMaTplrBaeMoili

ca1lrrz€,

Hoeoti

A",rr{_

]le.

KaBHTaUlroHHofi

3OHbr.

Ha pfic.

2?,

noxasaH

npoSraal

Jronacru

B

Mor\{eHr

o6pasonaHrrfl

xaBf{ratlnosHori

3ol{br,

npocrHparcurelicfl

Ha

nporfl}KeHr4H

x

rro

[,"r1u-

lre

npo@u;rn.

Oruo,cHreJrbHafl

AJTHHa

KaBr{TaqHosHori

3oHbr

+,

rAe

J

-

xopAa

npoQunn,

BUTUI

KaBr{TauHH

.14.

t\HH

k.

(16)

AABJICHIIC

B

xapaKTepH3yeT

B

AaHHONT

Cryqae

cTaAr.rrc

pa3_

flBJrflerca

Qyuxqueli

xoeQQHqHeHra

KaBHra_

PaglHquuu

craAr{flM

pa3BHTHfl

KaBHTarrlrr.{ B r\raur.rHe

coorBer-

crByror'pa3rut{Hbre

gHar{eHnfl

o,

TaKx{e

KaK n

xoeQQHuHeHTa h

xa-

BHTaqHr4.

KosQQuu?IeHT

o

qpeaBbrqafiso

yAo6en

Anr

oueHKH

KaBHTaUHoH-

Hbrx KaqecrB rHApaBJILIqecKHx

ryp6rar-r

H oceBbtx

HacocoB, oAHaKo

ilpr.{MeHeHne eIo

AJIrr

oueuKr{

IreHTpo6e>xultx

HacocoB oKa3a.:Iocb

3a-

AaBJreHHfl

Ah6

upoucxoAnr

Ha BxoAe

B

pa6ouee KoJIeco

Hacoca

I4

npaKTHrrecKH

He

3aBHcHT

oT

yc.nonuir

BbIxoAa

II3

KoJIeca.

Taxuvr o6pasona,

e

Hacocax c oAI{HaKoBbIMrI

ycJIoBI,IrI\{?I BXoAa

noToKa

B

pa6ouee

KoJIeco, Ho c

pa3rHrIHbIMH

HanopaMn

naAeHI{e

AHHaMHqecKoro

AaBJIeHHfl,

Ha sxo,U,e Aha

6yAer

oAHHaKoBo,

A

KaBII-

TarIHoHHbre

xoeQQauaeHTbr

6

pagflHtlHbt BcJIeAcrBHe

pa3irllqHblx

ggaqeHuft

HarIopDB.

CneAoeareJrbl{o,

BBeAeHHe

Berur{HHbI

HaIIopa

B

gHar{eHue

xosQ$uupreHTa,

xapaKTepH3ylouero

KaBHTaIIHoHHbIe

I{a-

rrecrBa

qeHrpo6ex{HbIX

HacocoB,

HexeJIareJlbHo.

C.

Py,nuen

Ha ocHoBaHHr4

o6o6uteHnfl

onbtrHblx

AaHHbIX

ilPe,u,-

Jrox{HJr

$opuy"rty

ilJrfl

orrpeAeJreHr,rfl

MaKcHMaJIbHo

Aonycrlrl\Ioro,

c

TOqKH

SPCHHH

BO3HI'IKHOBCHI'Ifl

KABHTAqHH'

3HAIICHHfr

TIAACHI'IE'A.I4TiA-

}IHqeCKOTO

AaBJIeHI4fl'

Lha

^r*:

(

18)

(l

e)

Bcq

cJlox(Hocrb

B

noJIb3oB

aHHH

xoeQQuur{eHToM

KaBr.{Tar{r.rH

k

3aK/'Ircqaercff

B

TOM,

qro

ecJrH

MbI

cpaBHHTeJrbHO

JIeTKO

MO)KeM nOA-

cqHTaTb

ero

SHaqeHHe

AJIr

npocreriulrx

rroBepxHocrefi,

orAeJrbHbrx

npoQu"uefi

H Hx peueroK,

To

B

,cJlyqae

cJrox{Hbrx

ruApaB.rrrrqecr(Hx

cHcreM,

IKaKLTMH

flBJlnlorcq

Hacocbr

H

ryp6rannr,

Mbr

He B

cocroflHr{H

TOTIHO

O[peAeJrHTb

BeJIHqHHbI

p0

H

us

H BbIHyX(AeHbI

IIO.IIb3OBaTbCfl

ocpeAHeHrrbrMu

sHaueHuflMu

xoaQeuqueHTa

k.

B

csfisz

c

arHM

6uav

trpeAnoxeHbr

Apyrue

napaMerpbr

AJrfl

xa-

paKTepI{crI{KH

KaBI{TaIrHoHHbrx

sereHaf,r

B ruApaBJrnqecKrrx

Mauir-

Hax.

OAsuna r{3

Hux

flBJrrercfl

xoaQQuqHeHT

KaBHTarIuu

Tolra

o.

I.

Tonaa

npeArroJrox(r.rJl,

rrro

rraAeHHe

AHHaMHqecKoro

AaBJreHr.rfl,

BKJrrOqafl

cxopocruofr

Harrop,

Ha BXoAe

B

pa6ouee

xoJreco

Hacoca

Hlrrt

Ha

BbrxoAe

r{3

pa6overo

KoJreca

ryp6uuu,

r.

e.

B sau6o"ryee

orlacHbIX,

c rorIKH

3peHHf

Bo3HI{KHoBeHHn

KaBHTaUI,IH,

o6.nactgx

noroKa,

Mox{eT 6urn

Bbrpa}KeHo KaK

r{a,crb

IIoJIHcro

HaIIopa,

Aerlcr-

DYTOUIeTO

Ha

Marur{Hy,::

rAe

C

-

nocToflHHaff,

xapaKrepnsyloqaf

KoHcrpyxqHry

Hacoca

II

HaxoAflIrI

arcfl, o6H'IHo

B

npeAeJlax

800-1000.

Ooprray.rr

a

C.

PyAuena

o6naAaer

3HaqHreJIbHbIMH

npeHNlyqe-

cTBaMH

no cpaBHenulo

c

ypaBHeHHeM

(17).

Osa

BcKpblBaer

saBH-

SHMOCTb Afta,rr"*

ot

OcHoBHbIX

[apaMeTpoB

Hacoca

kt

no3BOJIfleT

npo4gBo

Atrrb

r{x

eH6op

c

yqeroM Bo3MoxHocrLI

BoSHHKHoBeHHfl

Ka-

uiturl"".

Kpoue

roro,

rocroflHHafl,

C,

BxoAqu{af

B

ypaBHeHHe

(18)'

flBrflercfl

KpHTepHeM

noAo6us

AJIn

pa6ourlx

KoJIec

IIeHTpoOexiHbIx

HacocoB.

Peuaq

ypaBHeHHe

(18)

orHocl{reJlbHo

C,

nonyqaeM

Oopruyna

(19) ilo

Qopme

coBrraAaer

c

BbIpalKeHI'IeM

AJIfl-onpe-

A"n"n""

'"or$q"uHenra

-

6ucrpoxoAHocru

KoJIeca

ns.

Pagrrt{'Itie

SaKflIOqaeTCfl

B

TOM,

rrTo

BMecTo

Ha[opa

KoJIeca

H

BKIIOqeHo

IIa-

AeHHe

AHHaMHrIeCKoro

AaBJIeHHf

Alb

-r*

.

3ro

cxoAcrBo

Sopmlr

fpuuna""fr

1ano

ocHoBaHHe

Ha3BaTb

ngcToflHnyro

C

KaBHTaUH9H-

itftnn

xoeQQuUueHroM

6ucrpoxoAHocrn. A;rs

KoJIec

c noAo6uuult

ycJroBr.rflMH

BXoAa

KaBHTaUnoHHbIe

xoeSQnU?IeHTbI

6uctpoxoAHocTI'I

OAHHaKOBbI.

53

Ah6

-

6H,

rAe

H

-

nonHufi

Hanop

B tt cr. xuAKocrr.r;

xoaQSuqHeHT

rrporopl1HoHaJrbHocru.

B

MoMeHT BogHHKHoBeHHfl

KaBHTaU:aH

a6co.nlorHoe

paccMarpueaennofi

odnactu noroKa

H**:

Ho*-

H"-

Lho

*

h*

craHoBrlTcf

paBHbrM

AaBJIeHHTo

HacbrlrleHHbrx napoB

)KI{AI{ocrH H

ro;o

*r

ypaBHeHHe

(

16) rpr.rHuMaer

BHA:

Ho*-

I/s- HnapT h*

o'-

(r7)

-

xoeQQHrIHeHT

KaBHTarIr.rH

Toua;

-

aTMoc$epuoe

AaBJreHHe

B

Ji4

cr.

>KHAKocrlr;

-

Bbrcora rro

orHorueHr{ro

K

ypoBHro

cBo6oAHofi

noaepx-

HOCTU X{HAKOCTII

B Jvt;

-

AaBJreH[e

HacbruleHHbrx flapoB;

-

rHApaBJrHqecKHe norepr{ Bo BcacbrBarouleri JrHHr4r4 Ha-

coca

(co

sHaxona

u-u)

HIrH

B orcacbrBauqefi rpy6e

ryp6nun

(co

sHaKoM

<<+>>)

B .il4

cr.

x{HAKocrH.

H

'l-.{g:

-

O

'Horn

H"

H

nap

,h*

5iO

flonlsyncr

Qopuy"rrofi

(

l6),

MolKHo

ycraHoBr{rb

BsaHMocBfl3b

Mex(Ay

xoeQQrauHeHToM

xaBHTaI{HH

o

H KaBHTaqHoHHbrM

xoaQQn-

uHeHToM

6ucrpoxoAHocru

C:

.BseAeHrre

noHqrHr

o

KaBHTauHoHHoM

roaQQHrrHeHTe

6ucrpoxo4-

HocrH

C nPeAcraBJlfler

cyurecrBeHHsrfi

urar

BnepeA

npu

oueHKe

KaBHTaI{HoHHbIx

ceoficre

uenrpo6ex(Hbrx

Hacoco.B.

Ao

Hacroflurero

BpeMeHLI

oH

npoAo.tr>xaer

ocTaBarbcfl

oAHHM r43

sau6o"nee

ro,qHbrx

fl

yr,o6uux

B

o6pauleHuH KaBurarruoHHbrx

napaMerpoB.

PaccnaorpeHHbre

KaBHTarrHoHHbre

[apaMeTpl,l.

k,

o,

c

r.r

HeKoro-

pble

Apyrne

rlo3BoJlrtor

orrpeAeJrnTb

c rofi nnu r.rnofi

crerreHbro

rorr-

Hocru

AonycruMble

[peAeJrbr

eKcrrJryarar{Hn

AanHofi

rnApaBnH.recxofi

MaIxHHbI

u

yroqHlrrb

orAeJrbHbre KoHcrpyKTHBHbre

oco,6esuocru ee

ycTaHoBKH.

OAuaxo

npaKTnrrecKr.r

Bo Bcex cJryqaflx

rrpHeMJreMbre

3HaqeHHr

KaBHTaqHoHHbrx

napaMerpoB

seo6xoAnnao

guarb

npeABapnTeJrbHo.

3ra uHQopuarrur

,u,oJr)KHa

BXoAHTb B r{cxoAHbre

AaHHbre AJrr

p?c-

.rera.

B

ro )Ke

BpeMrr

KaBHTarrHoHHbre flpoueccbr, npo,HcxoArlrlHe

B

CJIOX{HbIX

THApaBJIIIqeCKHX CHCTeMaX,

KaKHMH

qBrflIOTlCfl

HaCOCbM

ryp6uuu,

He noAAarorcfl Teoperurrecxofi

o6pa6orxe.

B

cBfl3r,r c

gTr{M

AO

Hacroflrrlero BpeMeHH onpeAeJreHHe flapaMeTpoB, xapaKTepH3yro-

UIHX

CTeneHb

pa3BI{THfl,

KaBVTaIIHH, IpOI{3BO,II,HTCfl

B OCHOBHOM 3K'C-

nepr{MeHTaJrbHo

B

na6oparopHbrx

ycJroBuflx

c rrocrenynulrrM rlepe-

cqeroM ultpt

HenocpeAcrBeHHo

Ha

natypHofi

MauIHHe.

s

6.

KABilTAUn0HHbIE

PA3PylllEfillfl

SJIEMEHToB

'

nPoToqHof,

qAcTH

TH.qPABnHqECKHX

MAlllRH

Psa

gKcnepuMeHTa,rrbHbrx

HccJreAosaunir H 6o.nnurofi

onblT

gKc-

nJryaTar{Hr{

rl,rApaBar4rlecKHx

MaIrrHH

pa3rHr{Horo

Twila

rIo3BoJIfiIor

AoBoJrbHo

rorrHo

ycraHoBuTb uau6oaee xapaKTepHble

Mecra

Haco-

coB H rnApoTyp6nu,

noABepxeHHble

pa3pyue'Hnlo

BcJIeAcTBHe

Ka-

BuTarrHosuofi

gpo3r{H.

flpoeo.uuBllrHecf

ua6.nnAeHtlfl

Aalor

raK}Ke

Bo3MoX(HocTb

cAeJIaTb

BbIBoA,

qTo gau6o"nee

onacHbIMH,

c TorrKH

gpeHufl

KaBl4TaqHouuofi

gposuH

rHApoMaruHH,

flBJIflIorcf

rloBepx-

HOCTHAfl I,I

ilICJICB

Af,

KABHTAIIHH.

.

Pa6oqflM opraHoM,

noABep)KeHHbIM

uaH6o.nee

cn.ntsofi

3po3LIH,

sggeaHHor?

rroBepxHocruor?

KaBHTaIrueft,

Re.nflI,orcfl

,KoJIeca

typ6un

H Hacocoe eoo6qe

H JIottacTH

KoJIec

B oco6essocrH.

.

o:$(+)-

DA

KoHyc

orca,cbrBarorqer? rpy6br

peaKTr{BHbrx

rr.rAporyp6nH

v creHI(H

crrupz"rbHoro

orBoAa

HacocoB

(n

ruecrax

conpfx(eHlrfl crenoK

KaMe-

phl pa6ouero

Ko.rreca c

orBo,[.oM

H

B

paftoHe <<fl3brKa>>

c[HpaJrbHo[o

crBora).

B

peAKr{x

cJryqaflx

tis-sa

HecoorBercrBufl

yrJIoB

norotia

u

.rtonaror(

KaBuTaur.roHHofi

apo3ura rlroryr

6lrrr

[oABepiKeHbI

JIo[

arKw

BbrnpaBiIqrcu{prx

anIIapaToB oceBbIX

HacocoB.

Puc,

23.

KaenraquoHHoe

pa3pyureHl{e

KaMepbI

pa6ouero

Koneca

oceBoro Hacoca 6o;rsruofi

npoilBBoAIrreJIbHocrH

Kax'

yxe

roBopuJrocb

paHee,

ureJreBar

:raBrTarr4fl.

BogHHKaer

BCJTeACTBHe

pe3KOrO

noBbrrrreHHfl

CKOpOCTH

nOTOKa

B

pa3flHrIHOIO

peaa

uIeJIflx

H

sasopax. Han6onee

rHnHqHbIM

IIpHMepoM

spo3nu,

errgsaHHor?

qeJreBoft

KaBurar\uei4,

fBJlflercfl

pa3pylxeHHe creHoK

KoJIecHbIX

KaMep

v nepaseputisux

ToptIoB

JlonacTell

pa6ounx

Ko-

2500

itilt.

B

nepnuft ro4,sKcnrlyara:qwkr

Hacoca

nocJle

2000-2200

't

pa6o-

Tbr

KaBr{TarIHoHHofi

aposnn

6vtna

rroABepx(eHa

roJIbKo

HI,Ix(Hfls

ceK'

56i-

I

i+-

_\__

_

qHrr

c(repu.

I(apruna

_pa3pyueHI,Itl

MeraJI"Ia

npelcr&B.rflJIa'co(loiir

no"rrocbr

"otoo*"

30-3'5

ii

"

r.ry6uHoh

4-,6

'1t'4'

nocJle

qerupex-

ner,

n..,

,*.n.nyaraUnH

(

l2-14

-ruc.

tl

pa6otul)

-3oHa .pa3pyrleH-

Horo

NreraJrJra

r{MeJra

Bbrcory

85-110

ut*

t4

r;ry6uuy

14-24

'tltJvl'

flonepxnocrb

KaMePbI

Pa6o-

qero

KoJIeca

P

3OHe

pa3py-

ilIeHHf

HMeJIa

cnJlourHylo

rlo-

pr4cryto

crpyKrypy,

MecraMH

B

BHAe

CKBO3HbIX

OTBepcrI'IH'

KaK

sro

noKasaHo

Ha

Puc-23'

Aalsuefiwas Pa6ora

Haco-

coB

B

TaKI4X

ycIoBHqx

oKa-

gaJracb

HeBoSn{oxHoft

vfi3a

6onturoft

eu6Paunu

M

aIrH-

HbI,

pe3Kofo

IIaAeHHfl

KO-

eSQnuneHTa

noJle3Horo

AeI4-

cTBVfr,

U

yBerl'lqeHur

norpe6-

"nsevoft

MoulHocrpl.

B

qeHrpo6exHblX

Haco-

cax

c orI(PbITbIM

Pa6ounv'

KOJICCOM

BCJICACTBHC

U{CJIE-

eoft

KaBHTaI\r4kr

oqeHb

HH-

TeHCHBHOft

3p03HH

UCLBeP-

x{eHbl

KOHUeBbIe

yqacrKH

flO-

nacrel?

H

nepeAHfll

KPbIIxKa

Kopryca

(puc.

24,a,

6)-

flo-

cr(oJlbKy

B

Hacocax

SToro

rll-

ila

KpbIIIrKa

OTJIHBaeTcf

BMe-

cre

c

BxoAIrbIM

natPY6xou,

TO

AJIfl

SAIIII'ITbI

OT

H3HOCA

Ha

ee

BHyrpeHHeft

noeepxHo-

crH

ycraHaBJIHBarcTCtl

cMeH-

HbIC

SAIIIHTHbIC

AHCKH.

B BbIcoKoHanopHblx

ruA-

poryp6nnax

KaBI{TauI'rosuoit

spo3l{H

BcJIeAcTBI{e

ureneeofi

KaBHTaI\Wr4

IIOABepx(eHbI

Ae-

Tailv

HanpaBJIflIOilIerO

anna-

para.

[-lp"

Alurennnoft

Pa-

Puc.

24.

KaeuraqHoHHble

P4spyuenilr

Ae-

ra.nefi

qenrpo6erxnux Hacocoa:

a

-

pa6oeee

KoJIeco

orKpblroro

rnna:

6

-

nepe:,-

H'Ifl

KpblluKa

Kopnyca

6ore

Ha

pex(HMax

c

qPe3BbI-

.IAfIHO

MAJIbIMI,I

OTKPbIfTHflMH

HAIIPABJIflIOUIE|O

ANIAPATA

HA

BCP4-

HeM

V

HHIKHeM

KOJIbUax

ero

O6pa3yl6Tcfl

xar

6lt

OT[eqaTKH

Top-

qOB

.nonatox.

V caMgx

JIOIIaTOK

cHJIbHo

noBpe)KAaIOTCfl

TOpUbI'

oco6eHHo

B sHxoAuoli

qacTLI.

I4norLa

11oBpexAeggn

uN'IeCIrcff

I.I

lla 6oroentx

noBepxHocrflx,

rITo

B

HeKoropblx

cJlyqasx

[pIIBoAt'lr

K

6ucrpovty

yKopoqeHalo

KoHueBbIx

yqacrKoB'

B^

peiy.lumre

raKofo

H3Hoca

HeBo3Mox{Ho

norHocrb}o

3al(pblTb

57

Карелин В.Я. Износ лопастных гидравлических машин от кавитации и наносов

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.