Hofmann-Wellenhof B., Moritz H. Physical Geodesy
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+0.6 +0.4 +0.2
+0.2
–0.2
1900.0
1997
1996
1995.0
1998.5
1997.0
1998.0
y ['']
x ['']
0
R
s
0
h
1
h
2
B
A
R
Ã
A
0
B
0
l
0
l
geoid
ellipsoid
dN
ds
s
"
"
ds
ellipsoid normal
plumb line
P
1
ellipsoid
geoid
rotation axis
A
C
B
s
AB
