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ɬɢɱɧɨ ɧɚ ɧɟɺ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɹɫɶ. Ɇɟɠɝɨɪɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɝɢɛ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ
ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɧɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɨ-
ɦɨɜ, ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɪɚɫɤɚɥɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɫɜɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ. Ɉɫɚɞɤɨɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨ-
ɞɨɥɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɜɨɡɞɵɦɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ
ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɧɹɬɢɹ, ɨɫɚɞɤɢ – ɨɛɥɨɦɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟ
ɦɨɥɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ. ȼ ɦɟɠɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɢɛɚɯ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɪɮɢ-
ɪɨɜɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ, ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɭɥɤɚɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɩɨ
ɝɥɭɛɢɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɥɨɦɚɦ. ȼɧɟɞɪɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɚɥɵɟ ɤɢɫɥɵɟ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɪɭɡɢɢ.
ɇɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɨɪɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɧɭɞɚɰɢɢ, ɢɞɟɬ ɪɨɫɬ ɝɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟ-
ɧɢɹ. ȼ ɦɟɠɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɢɛɚɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɥɚɝɭɧɧɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶ-
ɧɚɹ ɦɨɥɚɫɫɚ, ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɮɬɟɧɨɫɧɨɣ, ɭɝɥɟɧɨɫɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɨɥɟɧɨɫɧɨɣ
ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɣ. ɇɚ ɩɨɞɧɹɬɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨɪɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɞɨɨɛ-
ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɬɨ (Ɍɢɛɟɬ, ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɉɚɦɢɪ). Ɉɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ ɞɢɫ-
ɥɨɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ, ɦɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ,
ɪɟɥɶɟɮ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɟɧ, ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɤɢɥɨɦɟɬ-
ɪɨɜ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɨɪɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɤɥɢɧɚɥɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭ-
ɠɢɬɶ ɋɪɟɞɢɡɟɦɧɨɦɨɪɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɷɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨ–
ɞɟɧɭɞɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɪɟɥɶɟɮ ɝɨɪɧɨ–ɫɤɥɚɞɱɚɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢ-
ɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɹɫɶ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɝɨ–ɯɨɥɦɢɫɬɭɸ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɭ – ɩɟɧɟɩɥɟɧ. Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ
ɷɬɨ ɭɠɟ ɠɟɫɬɤɚɹ, ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ, ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ
ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɤɥɚɞɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɦɟɬɚɦɨɪɮɢɡɦɚ ɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ
ɢɧɬɪɭɡɢɣ.
ȼɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ, ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚ-
ɡɨɦ, ɝɟɨɫɢɧɤɥɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɫɬɚɞɢɸ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɚɡ-
ɜɢɬɢɹ – ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɟɧɧɭɸ.
ɉɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɵ – ɷɬɨ ɡɨɧɵ ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɵ ɢɡɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɱɟɪɬɚɧɢɣ,
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɦɚɥɵ. ɗɬɨ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɫ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɥɨɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɟ. ɉɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɵ ɤɪɚ-
ɬɨɧɵ ɢɦɨɥɨɞɵɟɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɵɤɜɚɡɢɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɵ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɜ ɬɟɤɬɨɧɢ-
ɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵ ɢ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɱɚɬɵɯ ɩɨɹ-
ɫɨɜ (Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨ–ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɚɹ, ɋɤɢɮɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.). Ʉɤɪɚɬɨɧɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɥɟ-
ɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɵ: ɋɟɜɟɪɨ–Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɭɸ, ɘɠɧɨ–Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɭɸ,
ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨ–ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɭɸ, ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɭɸ, Ʉɢɬɚɣɫɤɭɸ, Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɭɸ, Ⱥɜɫɬ-
ɪɚɥɨ–ɂɧɞɨ–Ɇɚɞɚɝɚɫɤɚɪɫɤɭɸ, Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ. ɉɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢ-
ɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɭɯɴɹɪɭɫɧɵɦ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɦ. ɇɢɠɧɢɣ ɹɪɭɫ – ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬ, ɫɮɨɪɦɢ-
ɪɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɧɚ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɤɥɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢ ɨɪɨɝɟɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɵ
ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɢɧɬɪɭɡɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɤɥɚɞɱɚɬɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɚɦɨɪɮɢɱɟɫɤɢ-
ɦɢ ɩɨɪɨɞɚɦɢ. ȼɟɪɯɧɢɣ ɹɪɭɫ – ɱɟɯɨɥ, ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɥɟɝɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɦɵ-
ɬɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɫɥɨɠɟɧ ɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɵɦɢ, ɪɟɠɟ ɜɭɥɤɚɧɨɝɟɧ
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ɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɪɨɞɚɦɢ. ɋɚɦɵɦɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɦɢ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ