Гулая Т.М. English Tests
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3.ReadingComprehension
161
3. Oxford and Cambridge are universities for ...
1. men of means;
2. gifted young people;
3. royalty.
4. The city-dwellers had hostile feelings to ...
1. churchmen;
2. teachers;
3. students.
5. The number of universities in Great Britain has …
1. decreased;
2. increased;
3. remained the same.
Englishtests
162
Test 31
Прочитайте предложенный текст и выберите единствен-
но правильный ответ в каждом задании.
Artistic and cultural life in Britain is rather rich. It passed several
main stages in its development.
The Saxon King Alfred encouraged the arts and culture. The chief
debt owed to him by English literature is for his translations of and com-
mentaries on Latin works.
Art, culture and literature flowered during the Elizabethan age, the
reign of Elizabeth I; it was the period of English domination of the
oceans. It was at this time that William Shakespeare lived.
The empire, which was very powerful under Queen Victoria saw
another cultural and artistic heyday as a result of industrialization and the
expansion of international trade.
But German air raids caused much damage in the First World War
and then during the Second World War. The madness of the wars briefly
interrupted the development of culture.
Immigrants who have arrived from all parts of the Commonwealth
since 1945 have not only created a mixture of nations, but have also
brought their cultures and habits with them.
Monuments and traces of past greatness are everywhere. There are
buildings of all styles and periods. A great number of museums and galle-
ries display precious and interesting finds from all parts of the world and
from all stages in the development of nature, man and art.
London is one of the leading world centers for music, drama, opera
and dance. Festivals held in towns and cities throughout the country at-
tract much interest. Many British playwrights, composers, sculptors,
painters, writers, actors, singers and dancers are internationally famous.
The British Council promotes knowledge of British culture and li-
terature overseas, organizing British participation in international exhibi-
tions and encouraging professional interchange in all cultural fields be-
tween Britain and other countries.
1. The British Council is a governmental body engaged in ...
1. rendering assistance to immigrants;
2. developing cultural ties with foreign countries;
3. issuing visas to foreigners.
3.ReadingComprehension
163
2. Cultural and artistic heyday was interrupted by ...
1. industrialization;
2. expansion of international trade;
3. wars.
3. Great personal contribution to English literature was made by ...
1. Queen Victoria;
2. King Alfred;
3. Queen Elizabeth I.
4. The development of artistic and cultural life in Britain passed …
1. one stage;
2. two stages;
3. several stages.
5. British architecture ...
1. followed the trends of American architecture;
2. is modern and revolutionary;
3. incorporated elements of all styles and periods.
Englishtests
164
Test 32
Прочитайте предложенный текст и выберите единствен-
но правильный ответ в каждом задании.
The City occupies a site which was Norman London. It is a very
small part of London (only one square mile). About ten thousand people
live in the City but about 500,000 work there.
The City can still show the remains of its defensive wall and some
other signs of the Roman time. In other parts of the City almost every
stone, every wall, every house is Saxon or Norman or connected with
some famous man, book or historical event.
The City of London was described by a Roman historian as a «busy
emporium for trade and traders» and this description could have been
applied to it at any time since then. The City still remains one of the most
important commercial centers in the world.
All the principal streets lead to the heart of the City, which is
represented by three buildings: the Mansion House, the Royal Exchange,
the Bank of England.
The Mansion House is where the Lord Mayor lives. This is a big
house built in 1739-53 which reminds us of a Greek temple. The Lord
Mayor also receives the guests of London there. He is the first citizen of
the City and the Chief Magistrate. He has the keys of the City. Neither
kings nor queens, nor troops are allowed to cross the limits of the City
without his permission. If they want to come they are met by the Lord
Mayor of the City at Temple Bar.
Since 1215 the Lord Mayor has been elected annually. The Lord
Mayor's Show takes place on the second Saturday in November, the day
after the new Lord Mayor is sworn into office. The Lord Mayor rides in
the state coach of 1756 drawn by six beautifully decorated horses to the
High Courts of Justice to receive the Keys of the City.
The Bank of England or as the Londoners call it «The Old Lady» is
250 years old and is a huge building seven storeys high. It is one of the
most important banks in the world.
The Royal Exchange has been burnt down three times by fire and
three times rebuilt. It is a place of business and public meetings.
There are also a lot of insurance companies, offices, churches in the
City.
3.ReadingComprehension
165
1. The Mansion House is a place where the Lord Mayor …
1. gets the keys of the City;
2. holds banquets;
3. rides in a coach.
2. The description given to the City by a Roman historian is …
1. out-of-date;
2. wrong;
3. still in use.
3. ... needs special permission to be admitted to the City.
1. a trader;
2. a soldier;
3. a monarch.
4. The wall around the City was built by ...
1. Saxons;
2. Romans;
3. Normans.
5. You can see the Lord Mayor's Show ...
1. every year;
2. every two years;
3. every three years.
Englishtests
166
Test 33
Прочитайте предложенный текст и выберите единствен-
но правильный ответ в каждом задании.
The M25, the motorway around London, opened in 1986. Today
people call it the biggest car park in Europe. Every morning on the radio
we hear about jams, and road repairs, and crashes and which parts of the
M25 to avoid. One day soon we will hear «There is a traffic jam all the
way round the M25 in both directions. If you are driving to work, we ad-
vise you to go back home».
Winston Churchill described the car as the curse of the twentieth
century. It can be very funny to compare advertisements for cars with the
reality of driving them. Cars are symbols of freedom, wealth and mascu-
linity. But when you are stuck in a traffic jam, all cars are just little metal
boxes to sit in.
Cities and towns all over the world have a huge problem, and no
government really knows what to do. For once it is not a matter of tech-
nology which is stopping us. If we want to build two-level roads, we can
do it. If we want trains which can travel at hundreds of miles an hour, we
can build them.
The problem is a question of principle. Should we look to road or
rail for our transport needs? Should the Government, or private compa-
nies, control them? And either way, who should pay?
The people who believe in roads say that cars represent a personal
choice to travel when and where you want to. But on trains and buses –
public transport – you have to travel when the timetable says you can.
These people think that if you build more roads, the traffic will move
more quickly, but research shows that if there are more roads, there will
be more cars to fill them.
By 2010, the number of cars on our roads will double. Environ-
mentalists are saying that we should put more money into public trans-
port. Cars often carry just one person. If the public transport system
works, more people will use it. If trains carry more people, the roads
won't be so crowded, and cars pollute the air more than trains.
One characteristic of the people of the twentieth century is that we
are a race on the move. But it is just possible that soon we won't be able
to move another inch, and we'll have to stay exactly where we are!
3.ReadingComprehension
167
1. The traffic problem can be solved … .
1. by government;
2. by working out some transport strategy;
3. by means of technology.
2. Advertisements for cars ...
1. don't show the reality of driving;
2. are funny;
3. are true to life.
3. М25 is ...
1. the safest motorway in Europe;
2. a parking place;
3. a nuisance for drivers.
4. Environmentalists think ...
1. the more roads we have, the quicker the traffic is;
2. public transport should be more expensive;
3. public transport needs investing.
5. Winston Churchill ...
1. was a careful driver;
2. thought that cars were an awful invention;
3. was sure that cars would give people freedom to move around.
Englishtests
168
Test 34
Прочитайте предложенный текст и выберите единствен-
но правильный ответ в каждом задании.
The Dutch were the first Europeans to visit Australia. Many navi-
gators found themselves on the west coast of Australia. But the Dutch did
not know how far east the land stretched, and in 1642 Captain Abel Tas-
man was sent out to discover what lay in the east. Tasman sailed too far
south and didn't see the mainland, but he visited the island now called
Tasmania in his honor.
No careful explorations of the continent were made for another
century or so. Then in 1770 the English captain James Cook named it
New South Wales and reported back to England that much of New South
Wales looked good for settlement. In London the British government
thought it was a good place to send their convicts. In May, 1787, the first
group of convicts and a few soldiers (11 ships and 500 men) made the
trip from England to Australia.
Life was very difficult for the early convicts. The colonists depended
on ships from England for all their food and supplies. Farming was difficult.
It was at this time that people began breeding fine merino sheep for their
wool. Later the wool industry became Australia's most important industry.
Many convicts earned their freedom and stayed on in Australia. A lot of free
English settlers saw the opportunities of the new continent, several free colo-
nies were founded at the beginning of the 19
th
century. The six early colonies
grew and became states of modern Australia: New South Wales, Victoria,
Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, and Tasmania (the island
state). The independent colonies soon understood the need to act together on
certain matters, they began to see the need for unification. The constitution
was written and approved by the British Crown, and on January 1, 1901 the
six separate colonies became states in the new Commonwealth of Australia.
1. The newly arrived Europeans ...
1. survived on food provided by local Aboriginal people;
2. were self-sufficient in food;
3. relied solely on food supplies from Europe.
2. The seamen first reached ...
1. the west coast of Australia;
2. the east coast;
3. the south coast.
3.ReadingComprehension
169
3. The first form of agriculture developed in Australia was ...
1. cattle breeding;
2. sheep farming;
3. plant-growing.
4. Several colonies federated at the beginning of ...
1. the eighteenth century;
2. the nineteenth century;
3. the twentieth century.
5. Credit for the earliest coastal exploration of Australia must go to …
1. a Dutchman;
2. Abel Tasman;
3. James Cook.
Englishtests
170
Test 35
Прочитайте предложенный текст и выберите единствен-
но правильный ответ в каждом задании.
New Zealand is a democratic country with its own parliament. How-
ever, it is part of the British Commonwealth, and therefore the official head
of state is Elizabeth II, the queen of England, Scotland and Wales. New
Zealand was the first country in the world to give the vote to women in
1893, to have old age pensions and the eight-hour working day.
New Zealand, in the South Pacific, consists of two large islands plus
other smaller islands with an area of 270,000 sq km. North Island has a warm
climate and there is quite a lot of volcanic activity. South Island is cooler and
has a higher rainfall. In the South Island there are the Southern Alps with
Mount Cook (3754 m) the highest mountain in New Zealand.
New Zealand has some industry but agriculture is more impor-
tant – there are 55 million sheep, 8 million cows and 1 million goats in
New Zealand!
New Zealand was cut off from the rest of the land of Earth for 80
million years and has some unique animals and plants. The tuatara is a
reptile that has survived from the era of the dinosaurs. The weta is the
largest and heaviest insect in the world and the kiwi (the symbol of New
Zealand) is a large bird which cannot fly.
Over 80% of 3.6 million people are of European (mainly British)
origin. Around 9% of the population are Maoris – who came to New
Zealand from Polynesia in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. The
two official languages in the country are English and Maori.
New Zealanders, who are also known as «Kiwis», are relaxed people
who love the outdoor life. It is not surprising that New Zealand is success-
ful at many sports. Its national sport is rugby and its team, «The All
Blacks», are often the best in the world. Before every game, the All Blacks
perform a «haka», a Maori war dance, to frighten the opposing team!
1. New Zealand is washed by ...
1. the Indian Ocean;
2. the Atlantic Ocean;
3. the Pacific Ocean.
2. The backbone of modern New Zealand is …
1. industry;
2. agriculture;
3. tourism.