Губин М.Ф. - Отсасывающие трубы гидроэлектростанций

|

^

|

.A

A

I

$lo

old

@

leD

Ol-

6I

IO

ro

lo

rJ)

16l

c) t:

6r

lo

ll"

lo

ro

16r

-l -

Ol-

OIO

$lo

olJ

F-

1O

o

lll)

@

ltr-

Ol-

co

to

co

lo)

tr-

lro

d

t-;

sto

o)

l(>

(o

lro

dlj

O

lF.-

lo

lH

@l+

d

I.i

xlO

-

lb-

co

l(o

-l-

oto

$

lb-

@ld

c.l

l@

o

lct

c\

lo

LO

lro

6r

lro

ilo

€

to

oo

tc \

6t

lc\r

cO

lF-

@

lc0

C\

lr0

tl)

l*

tlt

lol

@

lcD

-t -

-t

-

-1 -

Ol-

<lo

alo

rr)

l-

OI-

6l

lc\

c\r

lro

(o

lco

Ol-

@to

colo

cO

lt-

@

lcO

tO

l-

tI)

lol

cj

li

d

l-:

.+

lo

OIO

ro

lr

dlj

eOtO

$tO

Or

l€

tO

lO

Olco

-lrr)

^l -

^l

-

16l

-

lol

+to

c\

lc)

o

lor

-i

l..i

olo

F-

lO

o

|rI)

c\ l$

Olc)

OIO

5

l8

513

.i

l<,

6i

l<,

*

lc)

(o1Io

-l

-

F

lc{)

oto

sto

or

lF-

H

lc\

@ro

rl?

lo

o lco

-l-

H

16l

oto

@lo

'+

lo

Ol-

AIAAIA

vtvvtv

vtv

<lo

slo

-l ^

^l ^

OJ- Ol-

OIO

(o

lo

'$

lo

o

l-;

o

F-

6l

O

ro

ci

co

c\

rl?

O)

o,

ls

(o

l@

c\t

ltJ)

.l -

olo

(o

l$

N

lf-

-

16l

.+

lo

ro

lo

-

lrO

=

16l

O lro

@l-

@

lo)

dl-;

rq

$

old

rlrg

-dd.l

uuJ

EE

y,.F

<x

fr >l

xF

dF

T

6t

(!

s:

ft)

EE

F

\o

Fr

csGt

FE(

o

tr

(!

\(r)

rE

H

:q

H

x

ri

d

E{

o

H

\J

\o

E

ts

X

F|

v

H

(d

E

le

(J

(g

I

H

o

X

E

Fr

F

x

h

o

(Y'

F

X

E

0,

E{

H

x

6)

E

o

u

c,

tr<

aff

vo

EX

rrF

c)

\

\\

oE

\OA

>r

iq

o.=

t< 6.)

,G)

\E

X

F<

t^i I

't

lb(

!7m<.)

Z)\>

4ts

!

or{

HIH

F

o

ttJ

\

\\

\

N

\a

\

N

\

R

l\\

l-

II

I

A

t{-4

|e

q,

E

(Y)

cl

g

a)

|q

E

o

c,

,3f

>rY

Pi*

"o

lox

\o

c)

>i(

o.

c)

FE

lx

$o

o;"

9

E.S

i>

€e

g?l

16rt

I

l

I

nocrpoeiHHbrx

fAC

rroKa3bl'Baer,

rITo

e 6ornuuHc'l,Be cryr{aeB

np:l.MeHreMble

orcacblBaroulue

rpy6bl,HMelor

MeI{bIlII{e

pa3-

Mepbr no

cpaBHeHI4Io

c

peKoMeHAyeMblM?l

SaBoAaMH-l{3fo'to-

B'HreJrflMH

rHAporyp6un.

AHanoraqHuI?

arailHs, BbIrnoJiHeH-

uatrt

no

pflAy

sapy6exHblx

rraAPocrarHlrnil,

rtoKa3blBaer

(Hp:28,2 *t)

-

etrcorol?

h:2,80

(ra6n.

2-2,

pu,c.2-7). Hy-

Meparrufl

rHApocraHIlltt?,

yKagSrHrHalI

n ra6nnqe, coorBercr-

ByeT lllrMep

at\ha

ua'puc.

2-7

.

Taxoe

pa3rnr{[e

Mo)Ker

6rtrr

o6tqcHeuo

KaK

aKoHoMH-

I{CCKI,IMH

COO6PA}KEHHflMH,

TA,K

14 9K'CNflYATAI(HOHHbIMI{,

TAK

KaK 6o.nee

BbIcoKHe

rpy6u

c,o3Aalor

noA

pa6ounnn KoJIecoM

6o"ururee cpeAHee

pa3pe>KeHHe

u

noBblrualor

K. II.

A.

H Molir-

Hocrb

ryp6uHu.

AHa.[Hs 6onruoro

rrucra

flocrpoeHHblx sa

py6exolt

H

E

Coser,cxol,t

Corose

fOC, o6opyaoBaH,Hblx

'roBoporiHoJlo-

nacrulinuz 14

nponeJIJIepI-IbIMH

ryp6nuanan,,noKagblBaer,

tITo

pa3MepbI

nprIMel{reMbIX

Tpy6

Bo

MHot}JX

,cryqarx

cHJIbHo

gT4Errarorcf

or

yKa3aFIHbIx peKoMeHAaI-lueft.

Ha

pHc.

2-7

IIpHlBeAeHbI

AaHHble

rto

3Har{,eHns'w

hlDr,u

LlDr

AJIn

prAa

no-

crpoeHHbrx H

3arrpoeKrnpoBaHHbIX

fOC.

B':

sac'roflxree

BpeMr

Bblc,ora H3orllyrblx

oTcacblBaloulttx

Tpy6

[oB'o'polHoJIoIIacrHbIX

rl4Apo'ryp6lt,u

H3MeHflercr

B

npe-

Aeaax

or

1,5

Ao

-3Dr

npu

IIIHpHue

.Bs

o;r

2,20

no

2,825Dr.

l4greeci:Hlr

c/ryqar4

npHMeHeHHf

14 6o"rlee

gs:poKHX

B

nJIaHe

fpy6:

",

400

500 600

800

Pnc 2-7. OruocureJrbHafl Bbrcora

rl

A.rrnHa

rr3ofHyrbrx

orcacbrBaroulrx

tpy6 nonoporHor'ronacrHbrx

ryp6an.

C)

O-lr"ua

rpy6tt;

Q

{$-nrrcor.r

rpy6u;

Q-oreue:rseHHne

fOC;

O

-

:tlt

Jr1'

11t'>tit tt'ttl

l3C'

Hlreer

rpy6y

eHcorofi

h:1,915D1

Bo

BCeM

Anarra3oHe

6nrcr-

poxoAHocrefi

tLs,

ro

Anfl

sapy6elKHbrx

fOC

cpe4Hefi flBlrn-

eT,cf BbIcoTa,

paBHafl

h-2,3--'2,4D1.

Ha orerlecrBeHHblx

fOC

repflercr

3HaqHTeJrbHoe

KoJrr.rqecrBo

gHepfnr{

H3-3a He-

Aocraro.rHoil

Bblcorbr

npHMeHreMbrx

rpy6. Hanpunnep, no-

BbrrIIeHHe

Bbreorrt rpy6nt or

l,915Dl

Ao

2,3Dr

rro

AaHHbrM

acnrtraHlrri noBbrIrIaeT K. n.

I.

MoAeJIbHof{

Typ6r,rHbr, npH-

MepHo

;H&

1,5-l,7olo H

MontHocrb Ha

4-60/0.

Bruecte

c

reM

Mox(Ho

orMeruTb,

qro

Ha pflAe rHApocrauqnil

CCCP,

nocr-

l4

I

f

I

',)

I

J

1

40

!{,

lll

I-Frffi

out,

l"nl

'0,

i'h in,l

Fo

f),

,l3rro--.i,

r?

;r

tt*.,.J.

,?

i^i,r.r,Zlp

A

rry.v

lc-

O

18

O/.1

O

-

,,1(

,o

|

8

|

tT

2!Lzr-!.'--'oY-

,E- o

-

I

E

F

AgEEFEE

sEF

F

c-

(O

rO

5

ssEgBEfiEs

gEE

SdEEEHEEE

EEE

nuttgd,{r un1

BxhFIg BHHtflrfoJ

egfd.t

s xohrrrg

^l

a

N

i

\3

$

It

it

$

E

\

o

G

a

q

ee5

S3R

llc\c\tc\d)coco

ll

oooooo

e-EEEitE

rS"EHtFEq-q

sEF

'AAOO"{F{F{dod

\\\t\\

91,!reeoosKoo$

fr&I

roo

Lh

e.

.ooq

358

rrrn-qt-

lllor6rc\c\c\61

NF

r

:E

I

o)o)(aO=9

rr'1q.n-"D-q

lllorc.lct6-Ic.lN

@

.O

O)

F-

t-

C'l

rO

O

CJ

=

to

6l

tr r{

5

io

o

"d-

q

-

-^

to- -o-

tr:-

".tj".t++md+$cDto-r'

ro_rororr:g$goP9qo

4.q44.q.4t-q;6.

qq"i

.+

Ri?RRSSSgE

S,F

5o;5o5oooocrl?

dodoooododo

q['.1r r'1

c.

a

g'la

I )! P

g

3+BsgsEUi<

rr)

cO cO

O

cO

rO

tr)

l'--

61

6l

!t

dX*E3336

833

(o

rO

O,

888

6tDCD

o

C'.1

b-

HEg

ce

co

ro

roo.+OcoO@Aoqro-OO

c.r

rl:

t*

rr) co

!A

cO

'+

o) F-

c\

o)

+frN+c\5lrc'l

rr)O!$F-cOOO)rO

o)qdF-q21OoO@t-+

;6cDNcoNNN

cDOo)-rc\tolo@ro9(>O

933S;6se3

XSg

EHFRHEEEE

HFE

HRER383B$

+$R

FHHHHHHHH

HHH

9exntsa

envlnrol

llll

wttngdrt't

ut't1

q

egfd.t

s vohrlg

Eo

udoe{$

.oHV

EHV

ne(tvoll

a'ld

dld

I I'i

l-

ANcoc\.tocoF-

c\

-^

I

t"i{tryt8-8-\

|

oOOoc)c)o

5

€Bnss55s

#

F I

S;SgSSboo

3

s

'

+3"h&&ba

{

rr)

Ac\9j9qrcl)oo=$

rO

I I

Ol

CO

C\

c\l C\

+ cO

lf)

c.)

-llr

c\ 6l c\t

c\

6t

6l c\ 61

6l

c\

@6tc.l@c\coooca

tr)

t I

C\.1

CY)

6{

C\

N

!t{

CO

cr,

<rj

I-

c\

c\.t c\

c\

o.t 6t 6t

6t 6t 6l

o

\

s.

aqq.q,s-qB.B-8.

$.

ril.$idcoco$cDs.++$.+

to

ro

rooo

$o)o)cr)o

. . \-

.

O)L.Nc\

ro

c\

o)oo)

6l

co

ol

6l

qteorotol{.ro<{rolJtro

q

r

qqq44{q{

I

q

oooooooooo

,r). ,o-

6l ro-

o

6l

ssBgdljEBg

e

o

rr)

o

ll)

(o

o

t--

@

ooooo

c)ooc\o

ooo(oo

@OrrDrl)O)

cD

rl?

CD

C\

O)

O

(O

CY)

<ororoo+

c\

cr)

rr)

6t

6.t

o

.$

6l

cO

f

;cdd=e9jRB

ti

o-qqqob-oo,oot\o

t-

(o

F.- i tJ

q-,o

j

"t

qi

<.'

C\!rc\Olc\c6

l

E

g

EgEggEagg

g

5 3

339x3=F98

e

H

E

iEgEggsEH

E

ro

edoefdr

-@HV

PHV

rres,Vou

c'ld

na

l :s

I

1

ct

F

o

h

o

a

t-

o)

OJ

tu

a

H

x

T

ro

tr

lr

E

to

C.

F

X

F

,

o

r

x

n

E

.6)

IE

o

E

t

P

i

g

o

E

o

(!

A

a'ld

{lQ

alQ

""rt

eHneordoi

*

l.i

nTft""'"ordo1

(l)<tiN

co

-l{

rr)

.+

t-

:<t>loqlroo)o(r).rt

F\cOt\O)OtO.rt{CO;n

<.

(O

C-

(O

(I)

t\

ll)

tr

ll)

!r.

I

|r)

a

xnrlgo

'u

ct

@

o

c-.1

ci

<;

cit

co

unwlgo,u

ww'le

O

,o'"dH

Q

F-

cn

ww'rO

,ry

,r-oBfl'

t

,sw^Hi.

O

,o[aw11

w

'"^H

+

w

,c'{Brr?

taot

'9daL

N

*",

'9dft/i,

qTEIHSOJOJEH

.(enduQ)

Voeeg

qTEJHSOIOJEH

-(endnQ)

VosPE

C)

HdE

Ar1ii

f;flR

XFrq

#

$6

HLTO

(Jltt

ooi

Ps.

42

43

lo

(o

f.-

@

o)

o 6l

cr)

c\| 6.t

61 6l

CjcO.drr)(.oN@O)

-o, d

:z<

e

r-

FF

fl

$

gH

FH:F

c\I

I

/c\

s

\c

H

!

d

s

ql

N

T

qJ

c:

s

(\

a

A

*

t"\

N

rO

vrol

(Otf

ool

q

I

i

$

ta

nHrgd,tr

uu1

EESE=

EEE

*

l- lilr Il

li

c\l

I

c\l

qJ

{

E

$

q)

t)

s.

F

=F

lR6

I

i(']

r0

Bxhrqg

BHr-rrnroJ

q

ag,tdr s

yohrsrg

@

I

r I

|

| |

I

lq,

i I

I Rv'

liar I I

9t-

':

il I s R.;

| | r iF I I r

EEiiE

r

|

'

gH

|

,

gEx*'

| |

;

S | | R

;

,

',*

| |

I

,j

o

I

o

o.

I

lo

| |

(c

f\

.+

C!

t'-

$

r

|

I I

I l:

I

t\

tttlll'-ll

h.

s-

'a

b-

q

3.

H" 8.

S.-

q3. q

h.

cO cO

cO

-tr

l.-

+

rr)

+

-i{

cO

trJ

'+

.+.@+

cr)

co. co

*

.+.

.+

c\ ai'N

6t 6l

ooor.oooroo

RR3Sfr

S3h

c'i

oi oi

6i

N

c.i c.i

c.i

ll

6

tS

rtl

I

\

o^

"o-

c,

rr) oo

!n e

I

3 E

I rf.-

|

CO ts-

t\ f\

uJ

c.l c\l

!.

f.-

c.t f.-

|

o

I

co

cD cO

(O

CO

'N

'

tr)

6,O(OC\OF-OGO

-j-jj.oo;o.O,ri

I

tr)- N

<,

t^-

16-, m

@

O

(o.

f.__

U) O

c.t

C.l

cO

st'

(l)

f

-

t.J

f'-

6l

co

6l

rI)

cO

$ O

O

tf'

.

'+rr)

f- @

l--

,rJ

rr) c\ o

c\ ca

!Q

F= |

-c{

t.(f

co

-=c.i

c\c\$tr)

OO

O

sH€EF

HgE

s:9

?

ccKSSg

SBS

c{:-

=

rcuugdf,r

lu1

!

ntntog

EHHrrroJ

_q

a9,{dr

a

)Iolr19!l

.

",

edoerf

Q

-QnV

unV

,\Ia<LVoU

dli

.la

\l\

*ld

r$

|

tf

:

)a'n)os+

:'SOoL,)

:.ooc\o

L.)

CJ

3

5

3

s

3

@

sb

g

R

tlf tJi

.+

tt) tf,

.+

rO

c.J

!#

(O

6t

6r

rr

edoe

-,tSQuY

was,Yog

{r

I

+

{

I

{f'

I

l1

OO

=s?trd-56=&

':cocoocococo

c-.t

c\

c.r'

c.i

6i

c,i

\

€' F

atQ

"ld

,,=fu

euttaordol

roO

tlF..(o

llo)o,l

1

(g

F

a)

E

4)

CY)

lo

ettHaorc.oj

rdo'tO

aloO@ro

F-NN@

(C

f.-

rO

rr)

otf

(O

\F

F.*

NrO.+.+rla

AC\rOtONi.\

(o(ooao

oO

ooo-too<o06r

aC\(OO$C\tcO

c,l

l@o.+ol

.t

ro@(o

Of=@

F-

dl

.+

tQ|Doc\o

(o

rr)

;

*.

I

N

rx

R

I

E

S

E

R 3

E Eg

F

g

E

N

3

3i

F-

9R

6

R

unwlgo'u

rO

F-

u)

* 6 s rO Lo O C. OO O

O

ts< = rl- +

Io

!tr

o)

o

1.)

oc-\

Q

lr)

K t\

io

q-

ro

+

czr

co

F-

(oro

ro

Io

Hnwlgo'u

=)<A==

;tr6=c\

f'-

(O

l'-

$

P

PP

A

9

E

t=

=

I

(C

F- F.-

(o

cv)

,rff

're

n

,no"dH

*'t^^H

*

,orn^H

trr,

,9

t'atN

qITEJ,lISOIOJ€H

-(endacp)

Vospt

{t

*

't'"td

H

*

''^^H

.

cxEW,,

WH

,rrn

ro

'9'tA'"N

q

TAJ,H

SOJ,OJ€I-I

-(er,rrdrrf

)

vcsrt

,'-

-tr

O

HE

()

ilEHEn

A$?

"c,

E

z\

45

o)ac\co

ro(o(o(o(o

s83bfr

c\r

co

:j.

ro

A 5

$

T

BC

S fi

+,

ii,

-ti -F

.f'

44

rll

I

e\l

a

\

\c

!

FI

qD

SJ

qJ

C:

s

a.

l\<

I

t

rcHngd^r

ilHI

Exbrrg

EHHmlfoJ

eg/tdr

s

xohrlg

an

udoe,{Q

-Qav

ruv

ltaeYou

q'ld

8

3

8

REAEOES

.E

+NcOtr)tOO'+OcO(O

oi

"i

ci

rl-si

ai oi

oi

rtltllt

poeH,Hbrx

HJrH 3anpoeKTr{poBaHHblx B nocJr,eAHHe

roAbr,

trpH-

H,HMaloT,cfl TaKlKe Tpy6br

BbI,coTot:I

h:2,2:2,3Dt

(Hanpn-

Mep,

JtJb

9, 12,23

puc.

2-7) .

AnnHa

orcacbrBarorr{Hx

rpy6 TaK)Ke

'I,t3MeHfiercf

,B

,Becb-

M a

IXHpOKHX npeAeJrax

n

O6UqUO

,OOCTa-BJrfl€T

OT

-

3,5

AO

6,0Dr. Hara6oJree

KoporKr{e

rpy6br ocyqecrBJreHbr Ha

rn.{,p,oi

crarHrluflx CCCP.

Ta,x,

Ha

Bepxue-Crnnp,cr<ofi

14 Pn6nncrofi

fOC

npr{

iBbl,core

or,ca,cbrBarouert

Tpy6br

h:1,915Dr

AJTHHa

'coorB,eT'cTBeHHo

paiB'Ha

3,43 vr 3,37D1.

3a

rno,c.neAHl{e

roAbl

Ha6JlroAaer,cfl TeHAeHr-(Hfl K

HerrcTo-

poMy yBefiHqeHHro

AJr'r{.Hbr

orca,cbrBarorrlHx Tpy6

(Ne

4, 11,

2I

u

23,

puc.

2-7)

,

Ho

rBce

x{e

oHa ocraeicfl

Me'Hbrrre,

rreM

Ha

MHofHx

3apy6ex(HbrX

f3C.

Eonrruoe

pa3Hoo6paene,napaM,erpoB

npH,MeHfleMbrx orca-

cbrBaroilrHx

rpy6

Lrrn

THApocTaHrIH,rl,

cTpoflultrxcfl

B

BecbMa

6nusrux neoflorllqecKux

ycJloBuflx,,cBu,{,ereJlb'cruyeT,

no-BH-

AHMOMy,,O

He',COBep[reHCTBe,CyIlleCTByrOrlIHX

Cef,rqaC

frOprrr

o'TcacbrBaroqux rpy6 H,HeAocrarorrHocru

pa3paboTaHrrrblx

H

npuMeHfleMbrx

B

HBCTOflUIee

lBpeMfl

MeTOAaX SKOH'OMHqeOnOri

oueHKH HX eSQe'xrrlBHocrn.

Bo

M,HorHX cflyrlafx

r,r3-3a He-

IIp aBHJrhHro

lcr?,HoBJreHHbrx

p

a3M epoB

orca,cbrBarouefr

rpy6br

rHApocraHqHH HeAoBbrpa6aftr'saroT'3HaqHTeJIbHoe

KoJIHqecT-

BO sJreKTp O,3He'p rr{H.

(Dopuu

r{3orHyrbrx

orcacbrBarorllHx Tpy6,

rrpnMeHflsMbrx

3a

py6ex(oM,

qacro

Bo

MHoroM orJnrqHbr or

npuMeHrreMblx

y

Hac.

3ro

pagflHqHe

3aKJlroqaerct KaK

,Bo

,BHettIH'Hx,

TaK

H

BO

BHyTpeHHHX

pa3Mepax

KaIKAOTO

gJreMe:HTa

rpy6rr.

HopnnaJrr43oBaHrrbre

orcacbrBarcuHe rpy6br .IlM3

xapaK-

Tepl{3yroTcfl oTHocI{TeJIbHo BbIcoKHMI'I

HarraIbHbIM?I I@HyCa-

MH

H Hr{3KHMH

KOJIeHaMH,

TOfAa XOK

,rrPaKTHrKa

CIIIA Bbrpa-

6otana rz,n

rpy6br

c

6onee

KoporKHM

KoHy,c'oM,

H,o s:na.ur-

TeJIbHo 6o.nee

BbIcoKI,IM KoJIeHoM.

Tax

xax nau6onr[rue

ruApatsJrl{qecKne

norepr{

B H3or,Hy-

TbIx rpy6ax

HMeror Mecro

B

KoJreHe u

BbIpaBHHBaHHe rroTo-

Ka

HMeer

3Aecb

oco6o Bax(Hoe

3HaqeHLIe,

Qoprvra

r{oJreHa

orcacbrBarouerl rpy6br raKlKe

pasrurrHa-_KoJreHo

ryy6nr

.IlM3 no

A/rHHe

HMeer B

,cpeAHeM

or{eHb

MaJryro

auQ$yeop-

H,o'crb,

TorAa

KaK 3apy6ex{une

$oplrbr

oTcacbrBarou?rx

rpy6

r{acro

HMeroT

rro

AJTHHe

:KoJreHa

nor{TH

Ty

x{e

AHOQysop-

HocTb,

r{To

u B

KoHyce

HJru

ar,r$Sysope

(,no4po6H€€

oT

sroM

B rJr.

5

u 7).

Ann

eue 6onruero

BbrpaBHl{Barur{fl

nmoKa

B KOJreHe B Sapy6elKHorl

rnp?KTHKe

CpaBrHHTeJrbHO

rraCTO

rrplrMerrfler'cfl ropH3oHranuuufi

paaAeJlurenluutt

6orqox.

47

li

t

lN

HH

l*J

t\

'-rA

'

.A

I I FEFF

I

io'NF

6l

t==5F

tF

l<hLi

ttlll

r UIr t

I

rn Q

|

F\o

rrttt

lllll

cQ

l\

ttlll

*[d

-fo

eHuaordo'1

oorr)ocjF-co@

-orooscooY

@ro.+(o(orr)rr).d

F-

t-

ro

ro.dooroaA

N66rbF-.roor:€

I F...

c-l

c.l

o.l

rF

rH rE

g

(O r.()

cO

(O

ocq(ol

cO

.O rO

E

F,FFERE

E

:l36tR9\90)6

n

ovF

(|Jo

h

Hnwl90'u

F-

c7)

rO

+

rJ).a(^Ol.-@

(o

O)

rI)

$

tO

(-n

(O

.+

F-

(l:)

cO

rr)

w,h'cBdH

w

,t^^H

tnr

'o\t^H

rr)o(otooooolf-ol

lO

= \ e :RefrE39

R

O.+rO

It-lll

llo)lllt-R

c\i

rl-ll

ffi

*"r'9d[tN

qreJllsoroJ€H

-(er{duQ)

vose€

4

14

c-)

h

ts

O.

is

t1r

a.

>+

XJi

elsH

6F

.:

H AF

*!(J

g

iE rif

8ge

;Xle

I

E{{

#EB

trt

F-

d

I

r|

'l

*

46

-or E

eE

troOO)Ool9Q

io(c)C)(of.-F-N

OrsoAqudlafl

auQQyeop

Bo

rBc,ex cryqaqx

I4Meer

nprMo-

yroJrbHOe

cer{eHI,Ie

nepeMeHnol.t

{nJIoLIIaAH.

AtlQQysopHocrb

ATOnO

yqaCT'Ka rpy6nr

O6ntquO

O6eCne.IHBaeTCf

3a CqeT

AO'

noJIHHTeJIbiHofQ

H?KJIOTH&

efo

IIOTOJI,Ka.

EOnlIIIafl

lllHpHHa

araQQyeopa

3a'craBJlfler

IIo CTpoHTeJIbtHbIM

coo,6pax(eHl4flM

pa3MeuaTb B HeNI

H:HorAa

OAI'IH'

I4HorAa

ABa

r[pOMe]KyToq-

I

2-,

_I

Tun

f

Puc.

2-8.

BapnaHrrr

phcrpyOHblx orcacblBalourux

rpy6.

Hbrx

6uqxa

,

pasfzlatou{Hx

npoJler Ha

paBHbIe

qacru.

!,nuua

orBoAflrrlero

4ns'Qysopa

raKx(e

pa3rHr{Ha H

szcro

'on'peAe-

JrfleTcfl

KoHcrpyKrHBHblMH

coo6pax(eHHflMH.

[nn

noA3eM-

Hbrx 14

rIoJIynoA3eMHblx

f3c

pa3pa60raH

Hosotfi rHn H30-

rHyrori rpy6rt,

xapaKrepu3yroutrui,t'cs,

6onrruofi

sutcoroii H'

uanoii

urHpu:uofr

B

nJIaHe

(cr".

puc.

2-6, r'vrl

u)Krr).

flone-

per{Hoe

ceqeHne

orBoAflIrlef

o

AIdS$yBopa

-

'KpyrJloe

H[Ir4

OBAJIbHOC.

3.

Pacrpy6Han

orcacblBarouraq

rpy6a raK)Ke orHocnTcn

K nprMoocHbIM

rpy6aru kr

orJIHqaercfl

or

KoHHqecKHX

rpy6

Qop*oft

creuorx,

Kqropble

oqepqHBalorcq

no

KaKonny-,nu6o

rrenusertHoMy

3aKoHy.

@opnra

rpy6lr

HanoMnHaer

pacrpy6,

cHJrb:H0

pacrxr4pstou-(l,ilicq

KHH3y.

HIaxHqs

qacrb

pacrpy6a

(puc.

2-B) HMeer

cpaBHHreJIbHo 6ontuola

4uauerp,

sHar{I4-

4B

T,€JrbrH'O npeBbrtilarouruli

AHaMeTp

BbrxoAHoro

ceqeHHfl KoHH-

rI,ecKHX

rpy6.

kIs

pacrpy6a

BoAa nonaAaer

B orBo4rulyrc

KaMepy,

rno

xoropofi

orBoAuncfl

B HuxuHfi

6ne$. Pacrpy6,

Bblno/IHqenlntri

H3.MeraJIJr

a Lril,vr >reneso6eToHa

'npu

60nbIIIHx

Ar4a,Merpax

ryp6nHu,

Mo)Ker

oiruparbcfl

Ha

pflA

onopHbrx

,croeK.

flpenuvlrecrBo

Dacr 6nofi r

gaKflIoqaeTcr

B

ToM,

qro

BBI,ITAy

6onnurux

paAuy'cotB,

or{epqn-

BarcIuHx

ee o6pa3yrorqne,

oHa

,ctro,co6Ha

nepeBoAr{Tb

r{acrb

Kn,Herr{qecinort

aHepfur{

3aKpyqe:HH'oro flo{To,K& mo'

12

B

Ao-

noJrHr{TeJrbHoe

paspe}KeHHe

noA

pa6oquna

KoJrecoM.

Cnoco6-

HocTb

y,MeHbrxarb

B rpy6e

He

ToJrbKo

M,epnAna/rbHyro,

Ho r{

TaHreHrrHaJrbHyro

cocraBJrrrrourtre

cKopocrtr

orJII{qaeT

ee

or

B,cex

Apyrux

rurroB

rpy6.

3ru

ee npenMyrrlec'TBa

Aocrn,rarcT-

cr 3a

cqeT

sHaqraTeJrbHo

6,o.ntruefi

[rupr.rHbr

rpy6lr

B

rrJraHe.

Ans

ycrpaHeHHr

o6pa.syrouleficn

B rleHrpantuofi

qacrn

lpy,6u n,teprnofi

3oHbr

yn,orpe6.irflrorcr

pa3rHr{{bre

BHyrpeH-

HHe

BCTa'BKH

-

K'OHOHAbr,

KOTOpbre

MOryT

Unaerd

pa3rHrrHyro

BbI'COTy.

B

HeKOTOpbTX

Cryqaqx

KoHotrA

Mo)KeT

AocrHfarb

o6rexareJrfl pa6orreiro

KoJreca.

Taxue

rpy6u

{Ha3brBarorcr pa-

crpy6rHrrMr{,c

r{oHoHAoM

HJrH

KoHo?rAaJrbHbre.

Ha

pu'c.

2-B npHBeAeHbr

ocHoBHbre BapHaHrbr

pacrpy6-

HbIX

Tpy6

paanou

Bbrcorbr

6eg BHyrpeHHero

KoHoHAa

vr

c HHM,

a raKXie

pa3rHqHbre

cpoputr

orsoAsulefi

r(aMepbr.

Vueurruan

auQsy3opHorcrb

r{oHrlesor?

qacrn

lpy6u, r{oHoHA

(S

6-5)

,onoco6crByer

6eeorpnrBr{oMy

o6rexaHuro

creHoK

rpy6rr. fl,oglorvry

rpy6ur

c

BHyrpeHHlrM

r(orHotr!,oM

qau{e

B,ce-

fO

OrKa3bIBarcTCf

IIO

'CBOHM

iflOtKZl3aTeJIflM

HCCKOJIbKO

JIyI{Ue,

qeM

rpy611

6es Hr4x.

I(oetpfuuqr.reHr

Boccra,HoBJreHHfl

pac-

rpy6ur,rx

rpy6

AocrHrae'r

B0Yn u 6o.rylure.

cnoco6socrb

BoccraHaBJrHBaTb

rracrb

sHeprHH

3aKpyr{eH-

Hor,o noToKa

flBJrflercrr

6o,nturuu

npeHMyu{ecTBoM

pacroy6-

,HbIX

Tpy6, B

cBrr3r{

c

qeM

oHH

AoJrx{Hbr

o6ecneqHBaTb

Bbrco-

KHe

3HaqeHHA

K.

rrl.

A.Typ6raurr

Ha

HeonTHMaJrbHbrx

pexuMax.

Ha

pnc.

2-9 npuBeAeHbr

cpaBHnreJrbHbre

xapaK-

TepHcrHKr{ (nocrpoerrlr

B

oTHocr{reJrbHbrx

KoopAHHarax)

paAuaJrbno-oceeopl

u noBoporHoJronacrHofi

ryp6nnu,

Hcnbr-

raHHbrx

n

pa6ore

coorBercrBeHHo

c

H3orHyrbrMr{

}r

pacrpy6-

HbIMH

rpy6annu,

HMerotrluMtr

euyrpeHnnfr

KoHoHA.

VIs

gTHx

XapaKTepHCTHK

BHAHO,

IITO

Ha

BCeX HeOnTLtMaJIbHbIX

pexh-

Max

'pacrpy6Hrre

rpy6nr

o6ecneqHBaror

6o.nee

eucoxnf,r

K.

n.

A.

ryp6unu, npuqeM

BJrurrHr{e

pacrpy6Hofi

rpy6tr

6o,urure

AJrfl

paAr,raJrbno-'ocegoft

ryp6nHu,

He

nn,terculefi

1,1

1,,

id

1

il'

49

Tun

A

Tun

6

fun

B

4-25t3

ABOI?HOII

rcrdcTeMbr,peryJrurpoBa:Hr4fl.

Kar

6yner

Ino,Ka3aHO

HLIIKe

($

611),

a6conrc.r:Hoe

3HarreHge

K.

n.

A.

noBop'orHoJlo-

nacruofi

ry,p6r4Hbr

c

r{sor,Hy'roH

r{

pacrpy6Hor?

T'py6oft

uo)Ke'r

6rtrr

oAr.r,HaKoBbIM

B

oIrrHMaJIbHoM

pe)K,?IMe, a

Bo3Mox.Ho'crb

cyqecrBeHHofo

ooKparrleHH'I

pa3MOp'oB

oTBoAfluIefi

xauerplt

n03BoJIfler paocMarpHBarb

or,or rr.In rpy6

KaK

npneu.n,eurtii

Bo

MHoTHX

cJryqaflx

npoeroupoBaHHr fOC.

VqumtBar orHo-

Pnc. 2-9. Cparrirzre.rrbrrbre xapaKTepHcrwKlt ryp6n.H

c

llsoruyrofr l{

pacrpy6uolt

orcacrrBarouIHMH

rpy6alag.

1-

u:orHyraa

rpy6a

h:2,5 Db

PO702; 2

-

pacrpy6

c KoHoHAoM h:2,5

Dr,

PO702;

J

-

raorrryran rpy6a

h:2,3 Dr,

flJl66l;

4

-

pacrpy6

c

xorrouAov,

lt:2,JDr,

[IJI66l.

CHTeJIbiHylo CJIO)K,HO'CTb H3TTOTOTBJIeHHf

pa'cT'py6HbIX

Tpy6 kr

TO,

qTO

rrOBOpOrHOJrOnaCT:Haf

ryp6r4Ha

C

ABOfiHOfi

CUCreMOir

peryJr'HpoBaHHfl

o6ecneqHBaer

nocToqHcTBo

xalpaKTerpHcTHKr{

rloroKa

B

rrHpoKoM

{Hzfra3oHe

,Hafpy3oK,

pacTpy6Hafl

rpy-

6a no,rryrluJla B

'cBoe

BpeMfl rxnpoKoe

npI{MeHeHHe

TJIaB,HbIM

o6pasou

AJrtr

ycrar-roBor(

c

npoileJrJrepHbrMLr 14

'paAHaJrbHo-

OCEBbIMIH TYP6HHAMI{

T4 3IIAqI,ITCJIbHO

IMCIIbIIEC

NPI{MCIHCHHC

coBMecT'Ho c

rroBopoTHoJio,rlarcTHbIMH

Typ6H,HaMr4.

B

MLrpo-

Bofr,rrrpaKrHrKe

rrrpuMepoM

npHMeHeHHr pacrpy6Hbrx

rpy6

coBMecTHo c

noBoporHoJrorracrHbrM?r

Typ6HHaMH

Mo)KeT

crry)Knrb

fOC

Bex Pueep

(KaHana),

ua

Koro'porl ycraHoB-

JreHbr

afpefarbr

c

pyqHbrM ynpaBJreHHeM

JronacTefi

pa6ouero

I{oJIeca

Dr:4,9 tt npw

H:8,0

tlt

H

MtoIt\Hocrblo

rlo

9000

rcar

lfl.

271.

Kponae

roro, cyurecrByer

elrle

HecKoJIbKo

ruApo-

cTa1rrytr4,

rfa,r(oropbrx

p

acrrpy6Hbre

Tpy6br

6unu

rnpHMeHeFrbr

coBMecrHo c

rnpoleJrJrepHbrMr.r

ryp6lrHaMH. Tax,

Ha f3C

Oxario

(CIXA)

npu

Dt:'4,6Jvt H

HaIIope

H:ll,3n

npgnle-

r-reHbr

pacrpy6uue

>KeJre3o6eroiHrHbre

Tpy6br Bb,rcorort h:

-l,75Dt

(or

our

Jronacrefi

pa6ouero

KoJreca)

r{a

f3C

f

pnH

Aft"rreHl

(CruA),

rIpH

Dt:'4

rt4

vr

Hattrope

H:3,9i5

,na

rrpuMeHe-

I{bI

pacrpy6Hble.rpy6bl

Baoorofi h:2,75Dt. Eufe 6o"nee

HLI3-

Kafl

rpy6a

ycraHoBJreHa

Ha

arperarax

fAC lapnnuc

rc

Dr:

:3,25

*t

ilpH

H:9,1

*t.

Bucota

,MeTaJIJIHI{ecKofi

pacrpy6-

50

E'onnrunM

npenr,{yuecrBoM

pacrpy6Hbrx

rpy6

fl.lilfl,ercfl

TaKlKe

HX

CeOriCreo

MaJro

HSMeHflTb

CBOH nOKa3

arerI:g-

npH

HSMeHeHHH

HX

BbrCOTbr

B BeCbMa

rxHpoKHx

rrpeAeJrax.

I4snecruo,

r{ro

yMeHbrxeHHe

Bbrcorbr pacrpy6uofi

rpy6b!

C

2,'5

gO

1,7,D1

noqTu

He npHBOAHT

K

CHHN(eHHrc K.

II.

A.

H

MOUIFTOCTH

Typ6HHbr.

3rO

npnBoAr{T

K roMy,

rrTo

np}r

yMeHb-

rreHHH

Bbrcorbr

pacrpy6Hofi

Tpy6br

Ao

1,7-l,9DL

K.

rr.

A.

Typ6r4gbr

Mo)Ker

crarb

rBbrtrre,

r{eM

npn

HgofHyrorl

rpy6e

rori

)r{e

BbIcoTbI.

B

oreqecreeuHor?

npaKrnKe pacrpy6Hue

rpy6lr

6snvt

r{cnbrraHbr

Ha onbrrHoM

arpefare

Eaxcaucxoft

f3C

c Ko,'re-

coM

ArlaMerpoM

Dt:2,0

tur.

llpe4no,rraraJrocb

npHMerrenne

pacrpy6Hbrx

rpy6

Ha arperarax

Caparoecxorl

fOC

Dt:

:'10,3

fit

H Mou\Hocrbro

no

50

000 rcar. Btrcora\paqrpy6Hux

t

3X

'/'3

go

90

88

86

84

{

'

20 25 30

J5

qA

+5

50 55

Mnn

Pu_c-

2-10.

Cpanurre.nbubre

xapaKTepHcrutr

N

-

:f(q)

ryp6uHnr

IIJI66l-1030

c

pa3rr.rr{Hbrr{n

orca-

/

-

pacrpyo

"

oi""i_""i:t#g

#t,ulY;^",*y6Haa

rpy6a

h:2,3 Dt

3

-

H3orHyrarr

rpy6a

'h:Zlg'Ot.

rpy6

erofi

fOC h:,2,3Dr

rpu

rxr4pHHe

6noxa

B:4Dr

H

ur{pr{He pacrpy6a

B

BbrxoAHoM

ceqeHHH, paBHor?

2,915Dr.

Ha_

puc.

2-10

npr.rBeAeHbr

MorrlHocrHbre

xapaKrepHcrHKH

pa6oqero

Korreca

ryp6vuru

CaparoBcKorl

f3C

|I.IIG6l,

ucnbr-

TaHHoro

coBMecrHo c rpeMfl

THnaMH

orcacbrBarorrlux

Tpy6

-

cra.HAapruofi

HsorHyrofi

rpy6oir

h:2,3D1, pacrpy6norl-rpy-

6ofrr

Bbrcorofi 2,3Dt

H

pacrpy6Hor?

rpy6ofi

c

BHyTpeHHHM

4'r

sl

rl

T

rr

N

,l

i

,

I

t

+

KOHOHAOM

rofi

)Ke

Bbrcorbr.

lllr,rpnHa,

6"noxa

3AaHHfl

r3c

pa3JII{qHa

npu

npHMeHeHHH

usoruyroft

rpy6u

kI

o6ottx

Ba-

pgar{roB

pacrpy6uor:r

rpy6t1.

flonyueHHble

AaHHbIe

noKa3bl-

BaIoT'I]ToKaI<ilpHcpeAHeB3Be[IeHHoM'TaKupacIIeTHoM

HarropaX

rtpaKTHrIecKH

BO

BCeM

AHana3OHe

MOuIHOcTefi

arpefara

K,

n.

A.

ryp6r4Hbr

c

pacrpy6Holl

rpy6oli

BbIIIIe,

qeM

y

ryp6HHbI

c

H3orHyrofi

rPY6oh-

Puc.

2-ll.

Paspear,r

no

yHuBepcantuoii

xapaKTepncrul(e

ryp6ilntr

||/I66l-25

c

pa3JIHqiHbIMI{

OnupaJIbHbIM14

KaMe-

paMH.

I.'- npnrraoyroJlr,ual

KaMepa

lt:1,4

D1' B:,4,0-D;.2

:!=1,4^Dt'

F^:-:3,05

D;:

"3

-

cnupa,'rrHaq

raNaepa

B:2,54

Du h:I,6

Dr,

B:180''

Hano

oTMeTHrb

raKx{e,

qTo

npl4

npoBeAeHI4H

yKaBaH-

Hbrx

HcnbtraHHIi

6noxa

c

H3orHyToft

rpy6ofi

6una

Hc[oJIb-

3oBaHa

o6rtqHaq

c[Hpa,r'IbHafl

KaMepa,

a

[pI4

HcnbITaHI'lflX

pacrpy6Hori

rpy6br

-_

,rpllroy.foJrbHaf

KaMepa

rIHpHHoIl

-B

-'4,0Dr.

I43ee,ctuo

UI

. 34,

611,

qro

sHeprer7qecKge..IIoKa-

3areJIH

npflMoyfonluoll

ryp6l,IHHoli

KaMepbl

IIIHpI4HoI;I

B:

fipoeKrnpoBaHl4fl

pacrpy6Hblx

rpy6

AgJIX(H9

npnBecrll

K

Ao-

TIoJIHHTeJIbHOMY

IIOBbIIUeHHIo

HX SHepreT14qecKHX

KaI{ecTB'

52

BunonHeHHbIMH

pffAoM

Snpvr

MoAeJIbHbtMH

LIccJIeAoBaHrIr-

MH

ycTaHoBJIeHO

nOJIOIKHTeJIbHOe

BilHf,HVe KOHOHAa,

a

raK-

x(e

BJrr.rflHHe

6ltuI<oe,

flBJIflroulHxcfl

onopal',lH

pacrpy6a rIpH

ero 6oJrbrrrHx

pa3Mepax.

B 3roM

prHolleHHH

HHTepec

IIpeA-

craBJrf

eT

KoHcTpyKqHf

rpy6bI,

tIpHN{eHeHHoIl Ha He6oJIb-

tnort fOC c

afperaraMu MotqHocrblo

no 590

rcar,

pa6oraro-

uIHMH

npr Flarope

H

:1,22

.

2,75

Jvt.

Ha craHUHH

IIpHMe-

HeHbr

pacrpy6Hbre

rpy6br c

KoHoHAoM,

AOXOAflIIIHM

AO

BTyJTKH

pa6oqefo

KOJIeca ryp6HHbI

nponeJIJIepHoro

rHna

c

tls:745.

flpu

AuaMerpe

pa6ouero

KoJIeca

Dr:3,3

Jvt,

ra-

paHrHpoBaHHbrr? K. rr.

A,

Typ6HHbl

B

onrHMa/IbHOM

pelKHMe

90%.

Ha rpIApocraHIrHH

ycraHoBJIeHo nttrb

arperaroB.

flo

AaHHbIM

|U.38]

pacrpy6Hble

rpy6bl

npHMeHrrIHcb

rrpH

Hanopax

H

or 5

Ao

150

Jw, oAHaKo B

cBfl3H c onac-

HOCTbIO

nOflBJIeHHfl

KaBI4Taql4H

OT

HX npHMeHeHHfl

B

AaJIb-

HerlrxeM

orKa3aJIHcb.

3ro

yrBeplKAeHI,le,

IIo-BIIAHMoN'Iy,

cropHo,

raK

I{aK Bce

rHrbl

pacrpy6uux

rpy6

o6ecneqHBarcr

6o.nee

paBI{oMepHoe

pacnpe,u,eJleHLIe cKopocTeil

nq ceqeH}If

IvI,

H,

CJIeAOBaTeJIbIJO,

MeHbIUyrc

KaBHTaI{HOHHyIO

OIIaCHOCTb

(crvr.

r.rr.

6)

.

2-2.

orcAcbtBAIOIIIHE

TPv6bl

PAAHAJT

bHO-OCEBbIX

TYPEH

I{

C

BEPTHKAJI

bHO}I OCbTO

B 3aBllclrMocrr.I or

lvlourHocrtl

H

AHaMerpa

pa6oqeto

KOJreCa

paAHaJlbr-ro-oceBoli rypolIHbl

rlpllN{eHfltorcf

caeAyrc-

rUHe

TI4IIbI

oTcacbIBaIoIrIHX

Tpy6:

npflMoocHble,

KoHHqecKHe,

r{3ofHyrble,

p

acrpy6HbIe.

Bsr6op

rura rpy6bl

npon3BoAnrcr Ha

ocHoBaHHH rexHu-

KO-SKOHOMHqeCKOfO

COnOCTaBJIeH14fl

pa3HblX

BapHaHToB

c

yqeToM HX 3HepfeTHI{eCKHX

V SKCUIyaTaUHOHHbIX

XapaK-

repHcrt4K.

fIp, aroM

npnxoAnrcfl

HMerb

B

BHAy ro o6cros-

reJrbcrBo,

qro

orcyrcrBHe

ABoIiHOfo

peryJIHpoBaHHf

ryp6H-

Hbr

npHBoAHT

K 3HaqHTeJIbHO

6O.nnUrUU

H3MeHeHHfM XapaK-

TepHCTHK

nOTOKa

3a

pa6oqHM KoJIecoM,

r{eM

y

noBopoTHo-

JronacTHbIX

Typ 6vtu,

IIoOToMy

oco6oe

sHar{eH?le

npno6peTaIoT

BortpoCbI

pa6orlt

oTcacblBaroulttx

Tpy6 B

HeonTHMaJIbHblx

pex{HMax.

llpnrr,roocHble

KoHnrlecxrae

rpy6n.,N{,ensuas 6stcrpoxo4-

Hocrb

paAraaJIbHo-oceBOIl

ryp6HHbt

H coorBeTcTBeHHo

MeHb-

[ree

3Har{eHHe

KHFIeT'HqecKoIl

gHepfHH

noToKa,

noKPIAaloulero

pa6oqee

KoJIeco,

no3BoJIfleT

npHIvIeHflTb

HecKoJIbKo

6onee

KopoTKHe

oTcacbtBaFoIrIHe

rpy6lt.

3ro

rlo3BoJlfleT

rlpHM_eHflTb

ilpnMoocHble

KoHHrIecKHe

rpy6u

npH

AHaMerpax

pa6ouero

53

ni:130 o6-/.,rux

ffio

t00

rzoo

tno

u00

ts00

1600 t700

1800 1900t/cer

Pac.

2-12.

!,u$Sysoqran

oTBOAfiuIafl

KaMepa

pac-

rpy6nofi

orcacblBarouefi

r,PY6u.

KoJreca

Dr

Ao

2,0 .44. O6r,rqHo

AIIwHa

nptlMoocHotl

rpy6bl

He

IIpeBbI[IaeT

2-:'2,5D1,

XOTfl H

BCTperIarcTCfl CflyrIaH

nPIa:

MelreHun

6o,ree

AriHHHbtx

rpy6. Tax, O. O. ly6uH

iU.

251

ilpr{BoAr.rr

npr.rMep

BbrcoKoFranopHorl f3C

c HaropoM

H

-

-,125

JvL

rL ryp6uHoli

AlraMerpoM

1,7 JrL,

MoIrIHocrbIo

21

500

KBr.

BuxoAHofi

AHaMerp

rpy6nr

paBeH

3,6

rvt

rIpI4

AJTHHe

L:'5,1

tw

(r.

e.

3,0Dr).

Bola

orBoAurcr

B HHIKHHI1

6ne0 rl{Atpocr

arril4r IIo orB'oAffIl{e-

My KaHaIIy uflpl{Hoft

B

:4,3I

D

t.

PaccroqHue

or BblxoAHofo

cerleHl,Ifl

rpy6u

Ao AHa

orsoAsrleri

KaMepbl

'p

aBHo

,0,75D

1.

Ce.IeHHe

KaMepbI ne-

peMeHHo

B

3OHe BbIXOAHO|O

Ceqe-

.HI'IH

TPY6bI H

YBCJIHI{I{BACTCff

'B

CTO.

poHy

Hr.r)KHer,o

6reoa

3a crrer Ha-

KJIOHHO NOAHI{MAIOUIE|OICH

IIOTOJIKA

(prac.

2-12).

B

orerrecrBeHHori

ltpaKTHr(e r]pfl:

MOOCHaff

rpy6a

ycra'Ho'BJreHa

Ha

Earcascrofi

fOC

(ff'vpo: B B;00

KBr,

Dt:l

200

Jj4i/t, Hp:

-90

J]L).

KonuqecKaff

rpy6a

uueer

AJII{Hy

,L:'3,34Dr

H

or-

BoAHr

BoAy

B npflMoyroJlbHylo

oTBoAfiIIIyrc

KaMepy

lxHpI'I-

Hoii

,B

:5,43Dr.

PaccrosHHe roplra

rpy6bl or

AHHIIIa

KaMe-

pbl

paBHo

1,0'0D1.

tr4go'nHyrHe orcacbrBarcurue

lpy6nr.

I4soruytrte

rpy6bl

paluaJrbHo-oceBux

ryp6r4H

.HMercr

raKoe

>Ke

MHoroo6pa3l{e

soprur,

Kar< H

y

noBoporHoJIoIIacTHbIx.

o6uH[,t

AJIfi

Bcex I43o-

rHyrbrx

rpy6

flBJIflerc

r.

Hailr4rrHe

orHocLITeJIbHo

6onee Bblco-

KOrO Har{aJrbHofo

KoHyca, 60.nee

BblrcoKofo

KoJIeHa H He-

cKoJrbKo

6onnrueft o6ufeft

Bblcorbl

rpy6lr.

Meuluree 3HaqeHue

KuHerur{ecxofi

sHeprHH

ga

pa6o,{HNa

KoaecoM

IIo3BoJIfler

IIpH-

MeHflTb

6o,rlee

Koporl(He rpy6rr.

'flpnueueHI4e

6onee BbIco-

KHX

Tpy6

Bbr3BaHo

IraJIHr{HeM

6o"nlueri

3aKpyrKH 14 Hecra-

rlr.roHapHocrbro

noroKa

ga

pa6ouizna

KoJIecoM

Ha

HeonTI4MaJIb-

Hbrx

pex{HMax.

VueHrureHue

IVHaMLTLIecKHX

HafpygoK

Ha

ryp6zny

B

grHX

pe)KHMax

Bo3MoxHo JIHIxb

yBeaHI{eHHeM

Bbrcorbr

rpy6u.

Hau6onee

paonpocrpaHeHHble

$opnrnr

HsorHyrblx rpy6

pa1kralrbHo-oceBblx

ryp6nH

ilpI4BeAeHbI Ha

pnc.

2-6.

'Cne-

Aler

orMerurb

IxHpoKo

npuMeHfleMble

3a

py6ex<ona

rpyqPl

'c

HanpaBJrrlourr.tM

6ttqxoM

B

KoJIeHe

(tHn <<f>>

Ha

puc. 2-'6).

B HeKoTOpbIX

cJlyqafx

B

KoJIeHe

ycTaHaBJIHBaIoTcff elqe

kl

AonoJrHHreJrbHbIe

BeprtiKaJlbHble

pe5pa,

pas6HBaFoilI?Ie no-

TOK Ha

TpH-r{eTblpe

qacTH.

54

Kar

6yaer noKa3aHo

HHx(e,

pasMepbr

Hsornyrblx

orca-

cbrBaroulux

rpy6

pa[HanbHo-oceBHx

ryp6HH

yAo6Hee

Bblpa-

srrrb B

AoJrflx

BbrxoAHoro

Ar{aMeTpa

pa6oqefo

KoJIeca

Dz.

O6osHaqeHl4r ocHoBHbrx

BHeITIHHx H

BHyTpeHHHX

pa3MepoB

npu'BeAeHbr Ha

puc.

2-4.

Bucora H3orHyrnx rpy6 t,r3MeHflercfl

B

orleHb

uHpoKLIx

rrpeAeJrax

-

or

I,77Dz

Ao

5,1'8D2.

Ans

noAseMHblx craHqt{il

BO3MOIKHO

rrrp?rMeHeHr4e

rpy6 eue 6onluefi

Bblcorbl.

Lnvr:f^a

orBoAflulero

araQ$ysopa

raKll{e

H3MeHrercfl B

BecbMa

IUH-

poKrIX

[peAeJrax,

B

,cBfl3u

c

rIeM

IIoJIHafl

r,Jtr4Ha

tpy6rr

Ko-

ne6nercs

or

2,24

Ao

8,,7D2.

tlarqe

Bcero

raKoe

yBeflHqe-

HHe

AJrrlnu

rpy6bl

BbrgBaHo

KoH,crpyKunefi nnaurnHHoro

gAa-

HLtfl.

f3C. B

npaKrI4Ke ryp6nnocrpoeHufl

HaxoAflr

npHMeHr.re

raKlKe rpy6u c

raK Ha3bIBaeuoIl

(<,nptMoIi

JIrr-

xofi>> B

KoJIeHe

(rHn

B,

puc.

2-6).

SueprerurlecKHe

KaqecrBa

raKux

rpy6

ol{eHnBalorcfl

n

$

4-2.

Hopnra.rrHgoBaHHbIe

H3orHyrble

rpy6n

paAHaJIbHo-oceBbIX

ryp6nn

CCCP

MeHee

pasHoo6pasHbl,

Ho

raxxe xapaKre-

pr{gyroTcfl

6o,ururefi

errcorofi

H 6o.nee

nJIaBHbIM

noBoporoM

noroKa Ha

yqacrKe

KoJIeHa tpy6lr.

B

ra6.n.

2-3 npnBeAeHbl

ocHoBHbIe

pa3Mepbl

H3ofHyrblx

rpy6

Ailfl

ryp6uH

paenofi

6ucrpoxoAHocrl4.

Ilpune4eHHoe

Bbrrle

(p"c.

l

-4)

3HarIeHHe

l(plHernqecxofi

,,^

oHeprHH

aai

l2g,

rroKr.rAaloueft

pa6ouee KoJIeco

paAHaJIbHo-

ocesoft

ryp6uuu, cpdB,HHTeJIbHo

HeBeJILIKo

H 6ucrpo na-

Aaer

c

yMeHbIIreHHeM

n, ryp6nHnt.

B

cBfl3ll

c orHM

naAaer

poJrb

orcacblBaroulefi rpy6u

KaK

BoccraHoBHTeJIfl

sHeprHH.

OAHaro

HaJIHTIHe [oJiox{Hrenluoli

Bblcorbl BcacbIBaHLIfl,

Ao-

crurarouetl

2-3 Jvr,

sacraBJlfler

cMorperb

Ha

rpy6y

He

TOJTbKO C

TOqKH 3peHHf

BOCCTaHOBLITeJIfl SHepfHLI,

KaK

3To

HMeer

Mecro

y

rIoBoporHoJIoIIacrHbIX

ryp6utt, Ho vr KaK

Ha

gJr

eMeHT,

tlo3 B o

Jr nrou\ui,t H crroJrb3 o

B a rb no JIo)KHTeJIbHyIo B

bI

-

cory

orcacblB

as,us,

hr.

Kax

ylKe

orMeqaJlocb,

Ailn

pa1nanbHo-oceBblx

ryp6utt

6onee

yAo6nrrM

flBJrflercfl

orHeceHue

pa3MepoB

oTcacblBalo-

1qefi rpy6u

K

AgaMerpy

BbIXoAHoro

ceqeHHfl

pa6ouero

KoJIe-

ca

D2,

flBaf rolqefocf

AHaMeTpoM

BXoAHoro

ceqeHHfl rpy6u.

O6uqno

p

a3Mepbl

rpy6nr

BbIp ax(arcrcr B

Aoaflx

BXoAHoro

Ar{q}rerpa

KoJreca

Dt,

Mexay sHar{eHHnMH

AHaMerpoB

Dr

w

Arfn.

102J

Mo]Ker

6urt.

ycraHoB,,-I€H2

3aBHcHMocrb

rHAa

+:o,b+

#,

(2-3)

oo

1

.i

-t

co

I

6:l

Cg

={

\o

-E

to

t{

14

0)

I

o

I

Fi

(d

F

E{

G

P,,^

li=

J1

F;T

>:

-E

X*

-On{

EH

oEr

E{o

E

0)

E

o

()

\

ll

tl

fl

CJ

qJ

F

0.)

CE

(r)

s

ill

H

(.,

a)

F

X

(U

F

C.)

(U

J

OJ

?,

(f)

.g

C'J

$

C,)

E

t-

.+

lO

ol*

^l

6l

lo

Iolo

rr)

lol

^l-

Ol-

*

lt=

+16

olo

It*

lO

O

IIr)

cO

lt=

ilj

co

to

t-

lO)

t=

llo

ilj

vtv

rO

l-

v

l\

-lo

-

ll.-

co

l@

=f

ls-

00

l-

Al la-

-t-

LO

IO

an l-

6l

l.o

o

lci

6tr

16l

c\t

lro

@

lco

OIH

90

tO

(o

lco

ro

16r

OIO

t-- lv

slo

o l-;

6l

lc\l

6l

lrr)

@

lco

olj

co

lo

@

lco

rr)

16l

-l

vtv

L--

l$

'+

lo

o l-i

vtv

co

l$

6r

lf.-

-

lc.i

slo

Iolo

*

lro

-l

l"i

vtv

o

lF-

j

lc.i

F.-

IO

o

l.o

6i

ld,

vlv

F..-

lo

ollr)

c.i l+

vtv

@

lro

-j

lc.j

sto

Iolo

-

lro

*

16I

oo

lO

ro

lo

*

lC\

-lA

'$

lo

d

l-i

vtv

't-

olj

-l-

co

lo

-t'

rO

6l

i^.1

6l

s

fr'\

$

c\

OJ

0)

-ir

co

KoToparr

Ailn

ryp6HH

oreqecTBeHHofo H3roroBileHHfl

AaeT

xopouee

coBnaAeHne B

Anana3oHe

3HaqeHnri tts:I00+-250.

flpn

3HaqeHunx /ts>250

Qopivry,rra

Aaer

HecKoJrbKo 3aHH-

>KeHHoe

3FIaqeHHe

AHaMerpa

D2'(puc.

2-13)

I.B

t.6

1.4

t.2

t,0

0,

\.\

--\o-

tr

a\

2'

K-u

8J

I

t{\*

--f

t00

200

J00 400

500

Pvrc. 2-13. 3aeucl.tMocrtl

blDz

u

Drl6,

Aln

paAllaab-

,f

-cra*rcr",."J;-::::::T

IHH;"

gapu' <Doftr;

8-no

Sopuy.ne

ot:

-+

g,s

+

?fu

Bucora

HanpaBJrrruuero annapara b

raxxe

saBr{cHT

or

6rrcrpoxoAHocru

ryp6HHbI. Ha

pr4c.

2-13

npuBeAeHbr

peKo-

MeHAattr{u

supnrrr

oofir

n

cTaTHcTHqecKHe

AaHHbre

no

3a-

py6ex(rrbrM

rr

orerrecrBeHHbrM

ryp6HHanr.

3asncHMocrb

MelK-

Ay

Bbrcorori

HanpaBJIfIouIero

arnapara

b

H

Ar{aMerpa

D2

xopoilo

oIIHcblBaeTcf

BbIpaxeHI,IeM

l:0.

14

-r

-+:.

e-4)

Dz-vtrr

I

2000t

Aarouee

xopouee

coBrraAeHne Bo BceM

AHarraSoHe

SHaqe-

HHi4 ns.

PacrpydHbre rpy6br

paAuaJrbHo-oceBbrx

rypdHn.

flpnrrte-

HeHHe

pacrpy6Hbrx

rpy6

AJrf

paAHaJrbHo-oceBbrx

ryp6HH

fBJrfleTcfl 6onee o6ocuosaHHblM,

Hex{eJIH

LIrfr

noBoporHo-

JIOIaCTHbIX,

Llg-gl

SHarrHTeJrbHo

6Onrunx

H3MeHeHHfI

B xa-

paKTepHcrHKax

noroKa,

Koropble

HMeIor

MecTo

npn

pety-

Jr r{p oB

aH?rH

Typ 6r4HbI.

D/

Губин М.Ф. - Отсасывающие трубы гидроэлектростанций

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.