Губин М.Ф. - Отсасывающие трубы гидроэлектростанций

I

hs:0,459 H 0,75,D:1

B

pex(HMax

ilpu

q:-5, 0 14

+110o,

yBernqeHue

K. n.

A.

H MolrlHoctu

typ6HHbI

noflyqeHo JIHIUb

,.q,ns

xoneca

ll.II5B7.

3ro

noBbIIrIeHHe

4

H'N'r, oAHaKo,

MeHb-

u€,

rreM

AJrr

KoJreca

nJ770.

Ann

KoJIeca

n[I577

yBeJIH-

rreHne

Bbrcorbr

KoHyca

BbIIrIe

0,45-0,50

He

npI,IBoAHT

K

no-

BbrrrreHr{ro

n

H

1/

ryp 6usat.

AuanorHqHble

LIcIIbITaHLIfl

Ko,IIeca

[III5B7-

1B

c

rpy6ofi

h-,2,24Dt, nPv

Bblcore

KoHyca

0,525Dr

(rpy6a

IIM3)

kr

0,679D1

npl{

Bs:Ba:2,!'BDr

u L:4,54Dr

IIoKa3aJIH'

qro

npli

cp:-5,

0,

+5

n

+rl5o

yBeJIHqeHHe

BbIcoTbI

KoHyca

conpoBo>Kr,aercn

IIoBbtIUeI{HeM

K.

n.

A.TYP6uuu

Ha

1,2-

1,3%' H noBbIIIIeHHeM

lvloulHoc"tu

N'1

Ao

4010.

Ann

paluanbHo-oceBblx

Typ6HH

yBeJIHqeHHe Bblcorbl

HaqaJIbHoro

KoHyca

tIIJJItIercfl

eule 6onee

>KeJIaTeJIbHblM'

TaK KaK cnoCo6cTByeT

yMeHbIxeHHIo

AHHaMIIuecKHX

Harpy-

soK Ha

pa6ouue

opraHbl

ryp6nHu.

C

IIeJIblo

orpeAeJIeHHf

BJtHfHHfl,

BblcoTbt

HarIaJIbHoro

KoHyca

6atna

HccJIeAOBaHa

TaK>Ke,

qTo

yBeIHqeHHe

BbICOTbI

KOHyCa

TaKKe

flBJIfeTcfl

eSQextnBHbtM.

-

Kaf

nOKagaIIkI

npOBeAeHHbIe

I'ICCJISAOBAHHq',

yMeHbIIIe-

Hhe

CKOpOcTefi

BO

B1OAIIOM

ceqeHI'II4

KOJIeHa

nOBbI[IaeT

K.

n.

A.

rr MorrlHocrb

ryp6r4Hbr.

Ha

puc.

5-10

IIpHBeAeHbI

r38

tou

rr

Ooc

noA

KoJIecoM ryp6unu PO702-25

or

HH)KHero o6oAa

flpn

n'1:f0

o6l*tun.

do:10

rtil;

2

-rpy6a

srtcmofi

11:2,0D1,

Qs-lQ

,1rt;

ao-14

nni

4

-

ruy6a

sstcotoft h-2,0

Dr,

(Io-14

nn;

do-18

ttn;6-rpy6a

nucoroil

h-2,0Dr,

do-18

xx.

I

).

F

I

,l

I

J

i'

'r

I

Puc.

5-10.

Pacnpe4erleHl'Ie

B

paccroflnuu

0,54

Dr

I

-

rpy6a

gbtcoroft

tt*2,5

Pr

.3

-

rby6a

ericorofi

11-2,5

Qr,

6

-

tby6a

sutcotoll

h*2,5

Dr,

"+r./ten'

6u

(5-5).

Au ailHs

inpHBeAeHHbIx

[SHIHbIX

InoKa3bIBaeT'

rrTo

HecMoTpfl

Ha

CHHx(eHHe

BbIcoTbI

Tpy6bl

C

th:2,5'D1

Ao

2,0Dt

IIpH oAnoepeMeHHoNI

yBeJII4qeHHH

oTHocHTeJIbHoIl

BbI-

coTbr

KoHyca

ua6.rrrcAaeTcf

cyulecTBeHHoe

BbIpaBHI'IBaHHe

nOTOKa.

B"

ra6n.

5-5

IIpHBeAeHbl

3HarIeHLIf

U*^n"l'U*'u

B

Ce-

rreHgflx

5-5

u 6-6

l,ns

bcex

HccJIeAoBaiHrHbIX

pe>KHMoB

("ep-

THKaJrb

Ne

I

pacrIoJIo)KeHa

cilpaBa

no

reqeHI4IO).

t40

OanospeMeHHo

npoHcxoAHr

nepepacnpeAeJleHue

cKopo'

CTCI1

tro

CCIICHI,ITO:

NOTOK

NPH

YMCHbIIICHI,IH

BbICOTbI

TPY6bI

cMerqaeTcfl

B

IIpaBylo

cropoHy

H npllll(HN{aeTcfl

K

noToJIKy'

.rrro

cfloco6crByer

eu{e 60nnueuy

efo

BbIpaBHHBaHHrc.

SSQeKrHBHocTb

l{eKoToporo

yAJIHHeHHf

Har{aJlbHoro

Ko'

HyCa

6wna

paHee

nolyqeHa

B

HcCJIeAOBAHHTIX,

BbInOJIHeH-

r-rbrx so

B:Hkl14f .

HecrauuoHapHble

pex{I'tMbI

B orcacblBaIoIrlHX

Tpy6ax

pal.uanaHo-oceBbIX

Typ6I{H

yCIIJIIiBalorcf

9-

yuesltueHHeM

elrcorlt

rpy6bt

H

yBeJIHqeHHetvI

pacxoAa

Q't.

VseflI'Iqeuue

orrrocHTeJrbrrot:I

Bblcorbt

KoHyca

AoJIX(Ho

cIIoco6crBoBarb

HeKoTopoMy

yMeHbIIIeHHrc srHX

:LIJI.

!.nn

cpaBHeHHfl

ny{b-

caIIr4oHHbIX

Harpy3oK,

AeIlcrBylouIHx

Ha

creHKax

Tpy6l;

Toqeqr-tbtM

AaTTIHKoM

d:'20

Jvttvt, 6snu

npoH3BeAeHbI

3anIIcH

rryJrbcaUvtir

AasneFIHfl

B cJIeAyIou{HX

ToqKax

Ha

noBepxHocrn

rpy6br:

Aarqt4K

},lb

1-senocpeAcrBeHHo

3a

pa6oqHM

KoJIe-

coM

Co

CropoIIbI

Hnx(llero

6leSa,

AaTqHI(

ive

2

--

nepe.U

K,oJreHoM

co

,cTopo;Hbl

Topa,

AaTqHK

JVe

3

-

na

[oBepxHO-

crH

Topa

r(oJIeHa

no

ocH

Typ6HHbI,

AarqHK

Js

4

-

Ha

no-

roJrKe

o,TBoARUIefO

.U,nssysopa

IIo orcn

ryp6HHbI

B CeI{e-

HVvr

6-6.

Pesy.ntrarrt

H3MepeHIlfi

ny,rlcaqlly

AaBJIeHHfl

B

yKa3aH-

Hbrx

Bbllile

pex(I.IMax

nepecliHTaHbl

Ha

IUHJIJII'IMeTpbI

BOAfl-

Horo

croJl6a

H

npHBeAeHbI

B ra6a'

5-6'

B ra6'nuue B

I{HcrH-

TeJre

Apo6n

npnBeAeHbr

a6colrnrHble

BeJIHtInHbt

MaKcI{MaJIb-

HbrX

H cpeAHI{X

aMII/InTyA

IIyJIbcaUHfi

AaBJIeHI,Iff

B MHJTJILIMeTpa1

BOAnHOrO

CTOJI6a,

a B

3HaMeHaTeJIe

-

orHotrre]rHe

BeJII,IqHHbI

aMttJIHTyAbI

KoJIe6aHHfl

K crarnqe-

cKoMy

HailOpy

B npoUeHrax.

B npoUecce

Bcex

3allnceli

nyJlb-

caUptg

AaBJIeHHtI

HaIIop

Ha

ycTaHoBKe Koae6aJlcfl

B

npe-

AeJrax

or

1292

to

l3ll

rvL./t4,

B

Aa",'IbHeilrIeM

rpu o6pa6ot-

Ke

rrpHHHMaJIcfl

cpeAHHIl

Hanop

11:1300

Jvtir.

Pesynlrarlt

HCCJIeAOBaHHII

rloKa3blBator,

qro

:

I

)

nyJrbcalll4n

AaBJIeHLItt

Ha

creHKaX

Tpy6bl

3aBHcHr

or

pexnMa

pa6oTbl ryp6HHbI.

MusHMaIIbHafl,

nyJlbcaqHf

HMeeT

Mecro

npu onTHMa/IbHoM

pe)KHMe

pa6orrt

ryp6HHbI

(n'r=70-=73 o6l*tun).

flpu HsMeHeHI{H

orKpblrHfl

a

BeJIH-

IIHHA

NYflbCAIII{H

I43MCHflCTCfl

HC3HAqHTEJIbHO;

2)

no

AJTHHe

HaqaJIbHoro

KoHyca

Ha6IIoAaeTcf

cyulecT-

BeHHOe

CHI4)KeHHe

rIyJIbc

al\Htt

AaBJIeHI{fl

;

3)

Ha

BorHyrol?

rloBepxHocrll

ropa

nyJlbcauur

Bo3pa-

cTaeT

na

Bcex

HccJIeAoBaHHbIX

pex(HMax;

4) a6co.nrcrH9e

3HaqeHHe

nyJIbcaI{HV

AaBileHHfl

B

HcCJIe-

AoBaHHbIXToqI(aXHeBeJII,IKo'HnoIIpoH3BeAeHHbIM3aMepaM

l4l

.i

"

l

e.

I

T

ad ru\a

5-5

a,

ilt4

Brtcora

otca'

cunapuleft

rpy6tt

Bepruxall

I

ro

l,n I'u

Beprnxans

III

h:2,5

D,

h:2,0 Dt

h:2,5

D

,

h:2,0 Dt

h:2,5

D,

h:2,0

Dr

h:2,5

Dt

h:2,0

Dt

1,85

11,42ll1,22

1,481

1,281

1,16

8,0

ll,l ll,17

2,6

lr,u

lu,o

Crnop VI

3,9

I

3,9

3,6

12,3

Creop

V

t,24l|

2,2

4,4

I

U,U

4,7

I

4,0

1,78

I

1,50

5, 3

113,

0

2,2

|

,72

5,0

3,0

c),

2,4

3,2

2,7

|

1,5

3,0

I

|

,4r

I

,39

8,8

7,7

7,34

l,2g

6,7

3,1

o.7

Lt

I

4,4

2,6

Crnop

Vi

3,2

|

1

,73

2,8

|

1

,25

Crnop V

1,20

1,22

18,5

2,1

1,27

l

,12

9,6

9g

I7

podottcrceuue

madtt.

5-5

Bntcora

orca.

crrnarcul,eft

rpy6u

Beprura.ns

IV

I

f{

e

rd

a

o

F

8.

_a

qr-

O

c.i

I

€

tl

F

a

<)

I

F

I

f

I

{,

pd

*

u-^

aC\

'tl

XE

fl9

oq

<)

OE

x

:.d

ui'

f-{ t-

co5

tr

rr)E

o

ct

<.)

ob

F.B

O(!

vt

RKF

X

<O

','

E(o I

trHtr

MEto-

-oc-l

\v

ll

os

Xn

FY

o.r9

(L,tq

(')

nt

trlp

-H O.

OJ

5s

o+

=

o!(

Xg

(.)

=

t(Q

(!

AP

r<o

-:

ct

'AB

rrg

So

o't

c

\

{

N

\

:-

{)

\

t:

s

\o

\

.o

\

r\

Nt'

cl

s

b

\

ro

\

k

T

s

{

!

\

A

eJ-

s

\

{

\

N

k

h

S

b

\

(

N

\

I

s

b

\

a

N

ct

!u'

\

s

\

I

R'

.$

a

.o

\

ct

X

R

s

t0

(tt

E

h

A

t<

G

C(

G'

E

o

G'

(-)

t

rs

$+

;-

\o

;EO

s.R

9!

\)

o

t\

I

(O

o

ta

F

C)

a

o-

e.l

ll

E

t

o

(,

ct

GI

rc|

q

F

rc

G'

o

ct

,a

(.)

GI

(,

F

a

l

a

o

s

b

\

ro

\

k

T

s

\

{

!

\

$

a

\

.o

\

N

k

h

*

OO

\

(

N

\

:l

s

b

N

a

N

ct

k.

\

q,t

I

i

$

\

.a

\

T

\

N

s

a

\

t

H

t

I

\

s

a

s

E

a)

I

rl)

\o

F

@o)(o(o

c\ococo

--\.\.t\.-\

O6lro@

.^

vFvv

cO**f$

tOt-$tO

co

-

ro

ro,

--\--\-r\-\_

otoo-

,r)*Oi

$ 6l

f.- tt-

a

=16^-

<'cO

+

F.-

-\--\--\'.\

rf)O)-t\

(o

"o

c\.r

*

ro+(oo)

cocoio

6t

ol

co

ro

-r\-t\-\\\

t:

*

t-*

rO

,AAATA

vv9uJ

co cQ

-$ (.o

c.)

cOOu)@

+O1

<i(O

-\'_\r\-t\

a)

0O

cri-l'

(g

LO

oO

tO

rr)6luf@

oo^ to^ o?

cQ#-

t--

O)

-S

cQ

oO

t=

6lO)-

CO-+

-

-+co

$Oi*

andAA

Q!-flJ-

'-\-\-\-'\

t\

(o

ro ro

61 *o+

$#rr)N

o1

61

6l

u)

6i 6l

rO$*

b.-

oo o)

@6161

Nr-.-o\

.o c.i@

\

---r:'--r^-

Ioco@*"-

b.-

Lo

t.-

=

@cof.-=

C)

O)'+

O)

ca*cos,

--\-t\'--

t\

9-\vV

Or$-+l-f

co c!

.+

(o

^r

-i-l

rJ)c)(o

t-

CO

QQ*-

CO

Crl

l\

<f

C.i-

C.l

cO

-t:-:--:-:

oc\lo)c{

O t-

=;

<'

fi * rr\

-ft

;e

o1c

\o

C.l

lo

TOI{eqHbIM

AaTqHKOM

He

npeBbllxaeT

7ol, oT

CTaTHqeCKOTO

Hanop a

H;

5) rrpH

yMeHbrreHrur

Bbrcorbr rpy6br c

oAHoBpervreHHbrrll

YBCflHqCHHCM

OTTIOCI,ITCJIbIHOft

BbICOTbI KO,HY'C2 HNICET

MCCTO

yMeHbrxeHHe

nyJrbcarIHH

AaBJreHHfl

;

6)

Ha6JlroAaeTcfl

ABe

qacrorbr

ryJrbcaqrr

AaBJreHHfl:

Jro-

naroqHa f kr 60ilee Hk]BKafl..

Ha

ocHoBaHHH

Bcex [poBeAeHHbrx

HccJreAoBaHHfI noA-

rBepx(Aaercf BbrBoA

IJI.

Bl]

o Bo3Mox{HocrH cHH}KeHHfl

Bbrcorbr r43orHyrbrx

orcacblBaroulHx

Tpy6

pa[HailbHo-oceBblx

Typ6HH

Ao

ih:2,0,Dt

6es

cyUecrBer{Horo

cHHX(eHHfl

rlx

gHep-

fCTHqCCKHX

IIOKA3ATCJICII.

VgCTIAqCHHC OTHOCHTCJIbHOft

BbI.

corbr

KoHyca Tpy6br cnoco6cTByeT 3HaI{HTeJIbHoMy

BbIpaB-

HHBaHrrlo noroKa

B orcacbrBalouerl

rpy6e v

yNIeHbIxeHHro

flyJrbcaqHoHHbrx Hafpy3oK.

onrnirraJlbHaf BbIcoTa HaqaJIb-

HOrO

KOHyCa

l..ilfl

ryp6HH 6O"rrrruoft H

cpeAHerl

6rrcrpoxoA-

HOCTI4 6O.nrUe

npHMeHfleMori B

OTeqeCTBeHHOri

npaKTHKe.

Heo6xoAHMo

npoBeAeHue

AaJIbHeIl,IuHX

HccJIeAoBaHHfi

H3o-

fHyTbrx rpy6

noBoporHoJronacrHbrx

H

paAHa.FbHo-oceBblx

Typ6HH

c

UeJrbro

BbrrBJreHHfl

orrrrrMaJrbHorl

BbIcorbl

KoHyca

rrpH

pa3rHr{Horl

6nrcrpoxoAHocrH

ryp6HHbr H ero

ItaQSy-

sOplrocTrr.

5-3.

KOJTEHO

[r3OI-r{yTOpl

OTCACbTBATOITIEH

TpyEbl

KoreHo

HsorHyrblx

orcacbrBaroulnx

Tpy6

flB/rrercfl

HaH-

6o,uee cJrolKHbrM no

Qopirre

yqacrKoM,

B

KoropoM

cKoHrIeH-

TpHpoBaHbr MaKcr{MaJrbHbre rr.rApaBJrHqecKHe

rroTepH.

Tax,

norepH B Ko/IeHe H3orHyroLi rpy6br

lt.II.

85']

cocraBJrf

ror

oKoJro

20 npoUelrroB

r{ 6onurue

or

noJrrrbrx rnApaBJIlrrrecKHX

noTepb B oTcacbrBarouer? Tpy6e.

3rr.r

norepH

Bbr3BaHbr KaK

HaJrHr{HeM

noBopoTa rroroKa,

TaK H cJro}KHorl

Qoprvrofi

Ko-

JreHa, ilo

AJrHFre

KoToporo

o6brrrHo

npoHcxoArrT H3MeHeHHe

Sopnau

ceqeHr4n or

Kpyrfloro K nprMoyroJrbHoMy. florox

B KoJreHe

o6brqHo

noBopar{r{BaeTcfl

Ha

90o u

6orrure.

B npaxruKe [poeKTupoBarrnr

H

cTpoHTerbcrBa

rHApocTaHrrnri HHor-

Aa

Bcrpeqaprcfl

peueHuq,

KorAa

orBoAaulufi

au$rlyeop

l{Meer o6rqur't

HaKJroH

B cropoHy IIHX(Hero 6ue$a

rHApocra!u-(HH.

B

srnX

peIIJeHHnx

noroJroK

au$cpysopa

ropH3oHTaJreH Hilr4

AalKe

r.rMeeT noJIolKHTeJIbtrbIfi

yKrroH

B

cropoHy

Hr.rxHero 6leQa;

AHo

Ar4QSy3opa

raKlKe r4Meer

yKnoll

B

CTOpOHy

HHIKHeTO

6re$a. TaXOe

pelUeHHe

npHMeHeHO

Ha nOA3eMHbrx

fOC

AnoAeAaBHra

(Hc.rratrgr.ra)

u Cana$torlAe

(llopryrannn)

H

Bbt3Ba-

HO, nO-Br4Ar4MOMy,

)Ke.[aHr,reM.COXpaHrrTb HanopHbrfi

peNnrrr

B

oTBoAflIIleft

Aepr.rBaqHH

npn

r{r.r3KHX orMerKax BoAbr

B rrr.r}KrreN!

6rerle

craHurrH

IJI.

30, 56].

,[laHnotx

o

pa6ore

r.r3orrryrbrx rpy6 c

KofleHoM, Hrvrelolqnll

lsl

a|^

f.-

6l

0)

o^

m^co^

$-+

ro

6t

co

N

r.j.o

t-O

*

C\

--mrA

$c\+r1a

'*\\\\-.

\-\

rl:

0O

cO

O)

c\il

rr)

co

-

rO

Ol

rO

t-

h'

;e

,I

;i

:l

I

q\.o-(o^

co

6l

<il

ro

-_\\\r_\\_

i-l a'6 * ra)

j.o

ic.i

IO

cO

(.o

t'-

unwlgo

'lrzt

|.-

i

O

rr) C-l

$ctc{

F-t-r

-olo)

r() co 6i

*t--OO

y)*@fr)

\\'t\--\'t\

O+(.orr)

(.o

O'l

f'-

O)

(o

6l

t\ cQ

CJ

ii

I

+roco6l

co

cit co

(o

--\-\\\-\

lJ)

f- l'-

O)

co

61 6i o)

$o?.+t-

olJ)tor.-

hl

6t

6l co

\_-r\-\--_

IOb-O*

rOu\cO@

c\coco$

Ir)

q

U:

rjtr

@

cr)

qE

6t\

fs<

6I ;\

E

ol

:g

@

s

rJrl

^Y.

cnN

E

unw

I

9o

,I

,U

N

vHhJP,v

te

lq Hot

-Orwa

eg,{d;

r0-2513

145

I

noBopor

Ha

yfoJr

MeHb[re

90', He r{MeeTcr.

cne4yer

orMeTurb,

qTo

B

9Tr.rX

Cfiyqaflx

Bo3Mox{Ho

raK}r(e

npHMeHeHHe

6O.rree

BbrcoKHx

Tpy6,

qTo

B 9HepreTfirrecKoM

orHorrreHr.rr.r

AoJrx(Ho

6uru

6onee

esQexrnnHbtM.

Ha

p'c.

5-12

npHBeAeHbr

ocHoBHbre

Sopnru

Bcrper{arc-

trlHxcfl

KoJreH

orcacbrBarorrlHx

Tpy6

orerrecrBeHHbrx

H

Sapy-

-t

K'

S'

--_l_

))

U'/

Puc. 5-12.

!Dopubr

Ko/reHa r.r3orHyrbrx

orcacbrBarculux

rpy6.

6exHux

f

oC,

o6opyAoBallHbrx

noBoporHoJrottacrr{brM}r

vr

pa[nailbHo-oceBbrMn

ryp6n[a[n.

kle

pHcyHKa

BHAHO,

r{ro

Qop_yru

rrpnMeHfleMbrx

KoJreH

BecbMa

pasHoo6pasHbr.

KaxAoe

KoJreHo

xapaKreplr3yercfl

cJreAyrouuMrr

ocHoB-

HuIMH

pasMepaMu:

Bbrcorori

ho

(pnc.2-4),

AJrHHofr

L1, rnr4pr-

Hofi B BbrxoAHoM

cerl€HHe

86,

nJrorrlaAflr\.rH

BxoAHoro

H Bbr-

xoAHoIo

ceqeuHfi

F+

H

Fa,

SHaqerrHfMH paAHyCOs

Ro,

Rz

14

Re,

oqePqHBaIouIHX

BorHyrylo

H BbI[yKJIyto

Cr6pouy

KoJreHa,

a

TaKx{e

KoJreHo

orcacbrBarouefi

Tpy6br

B rrJraHe. B

IrJraHe

146

KOJIeHO MOlKer 6rtTr

cHMMeTpHr{HbrM

LrJrH

HeCHMMeTpHqHbrM.

He

MeHee BalKHbrM

noKagareJreM,

xapaKTepr,rgyrouluM

Kaqe-

crBo

KofleHa

orcacbrBarouerl

rpy6lr,

ge"ryflercq

3ar(oH

H3ivre-

HeHLIfl

rIJIoIIIaAefi

ero

AJrr4Hbr

F:rt[Lo"].

@opvru

npnMeHreMbrx

sa

py6exoM

KoJreH

(porc.

5-12,a,6)

HMeIOT, KaK rrpaBHJrO,

_6onrruyrc

orHocHTeJrbHyro

Bbrcory

ha

H BbIXOAHOe

Cer{eHHe Fo,

npeAcTaBJrflrolqee

npfMoyfoJrbHHK

c cHJrbHo

cKpyrJreHHbrMH yrJraMu.

PaAnycu

Ro

lr

Rz

6blearot

o6bt,{Ho

raK}Ke

3HaqHTeJIbHo

6o.ttlue,

r{eM

y

orcacblBarcIIIHx

rpy6, npHMeHreMbrx

e

CCCP.

vcnoeHsraH

npoH3BoAcrBa

pa6or

AJrrr

noA3eMHbrx

H

rroJryrroAser\{Hbrx

f3c pa3pa6orauo

KoJreHo,

orJrHr{arculeecf

BecbMa

npocrbrMH

reoMeTpHr{ec'Kr{MH

QOpuanrrE.

Ko.neHo

HMeeT

KpyfJroe

cer{eHHe

no

sceri

AJIHHe

H nocrof

HHyro

nJrouaAb.,4,H$SysopHocrb

AonycKaercfl

JrHrrrb

Ha

HarraJrb-

!9y

yrracrKe

r(oJreHa,

Ha KoropoM

noBopoT

He npeBbrrrraer

30o

(puc.

5-12,e).

flo"ruufi yroJr

noBopora

raKr{x

KoJreH,

KaK

npaBHJro,

6onlue

90"

H Mo)Ker

AocrHrarb

l15-120'.

I{a pyc.

5-12,e,

rpHBeAeHo

BecbMa

qacro

nErpevarculee-

9rr

3a

py6exoM

KoJreHo

c rrpoMelKyToqHbrM

ropH3oHraJrbHbrM

6nt.rxol't.

3ro

KoJreHo

HaxoALIT

IIpHMeHeHHe

KaK

Ha HHgKo-

HanopHbrx,

raK

v Ha

BbrcoKoHanopHbrx

f3c

c

ryp6r.rHarvrn

pa3JrHqHbrx

THnoe.

B

orer{ecrseuHofi

rrpaKTHKe

raKHe

KOJreHa

Ao

Hacroflrqefo

BpeMeHH

He

npr.rMeHflJrucb.

Ha

ruApocraH-

IIHflX

C afperaraMH

ua.nofi

u

cpeAHefi

uouluocrH,

HMeroulHMH

ropH3oHTaJrbHyro

ocb

BparqeHr{fl,

HaxoAHT

npHMeHeHHe

KOJre-

H'o, lls'o6paxeHHoe^

Ha

rpHc.

5-12,

THrI

e, H,Meroqee

floBopor

FIa

yroJl

MeHbure

90'.

B

Her{oropbrx

cflyr{aflx

r{epeg

KoJreHo

MolKer

6nrrn

nponyueH

BaJr

ryp6uHu.

Ha..

puc

.

5-12,d

KoJreHo

HMeer

Ha

eHeuHeft

cropoHe

nnqn,rnri\/r.^nn6noDnD4rrlr.,,''n6nA^^r'nl'''nr'

'^r'r^r^vrr

J

L vlr,

vvyquvDCllllrLrl.rr

rr\-pg\-E'tErlflElvl

I UpnJUIl

l-;cJlb-

Horo

AHa..

Tpy6u

14

BeprHKa.uruorl

qHJrHHApuqecroft

o6-

paSyloqefi.

Taxoe

KoJreHo,

Ha3brBaeMoe

<<KoJreHou

c

npnuofi

ngrxoll>>,

BcrperraeTcf

cpaBHr,ITeJrbHo

peAKo

H

qail{e

Bcero

npHMeHrrercfl

rra fHApocrar{rlHflx,

o6opyaoBaHHbrx

noBopor-

HoJroltacrHbrM

H ryp6u

uanan.

Muoroo

6pazue

rpr{MeHrreMbrx

Sopu

KoJreH

H3orHyrbrx

Tpy6

Mo)Ker

6nm

o6rqcHeuo

orcyrcrBneM

MeToAHKH

HX

rHApaBa?rqecKoro

pacqera,

B

pe3yJrbrare

qero

Qopua

KoJre-

Ha

AO

HacToflrrlefo

BpeMeHH

OnpeAeJrfleTcfl

Ha

OCHOBaHHH

MoAeJrbHbrx

HccJreAoeaHnir.

Huxe

6y4er paccMorpeHo

BJrr{flHHe

KoJreHa

Ha xapaKTepHcrr.r'Ku

ryp6uuat

n

qeri

rpy6u.

0{.

ocHoBHbrx paSMepoB

pa6ory

orcacbrBaro-

1

rS

,t47

a.

I,lsryreHeHr,re nJrorqaAr.r

ceqeHHq KoJIeHa

no

ero

.qJrHHe

I(ax

yx(e

orMeqeFro,

KpoMe

yr{a3aHFrbrx

pa3MepoB,

ruAPaBrr4qecKHe

xapaKTepKcTrrKr

KoJreHa

SaBHcflT

_

oT

rIpH-

Hrroro 3aKoHa

HBMeHeTHHfl

n,rou{aAeljr

F:,f

(Lo").

,Bogvrox-

HO

npI4MeIleHHe

C./'IeAyTOUHX

rIeTbIpeX

THIIOB

KO,iIeH:

a) IIHJIHHApHqecKoe,

npn

KoropoM

nJrorqaAb

rro

AJTHHe

KoJreHa

coxpaHflercfl nocroflHuofi;

6) KoHr4qecKoe

c nocroqHHori

no

AJTHHe

aucpQyeop-

HOCTbtO;

n) KoHHqecKoe

c

nepenaeuuol.r

no

AJTHHe

anc|(lysop-

Hocrbro

(nosvro>xHn

NonQyeopHbre

yuacrxu)

;

il,6.nTrtli;3:ff

^?:;t:,

Mo)Ker xapaKrepHsoBarbcn

yc"uoeuoflr

eenn.{HHor2

yfJra

29,

oilpeAeJrfleMoro

no

Qopivryne

IFu

-vht,

rAe

2e-

rleHrpa,nrHuli

yroJr

rrpH

BeprxuHe

sKBr4BaJreHT-

HO|O nO rrJroulaAnM

yceqeHHoro

KoHyca;

Lo"

-

oceBafl

L[rvHa

KoJIeHa;

F,,,

Fa-

COOTBOTCTB€HHO

IIJIOilIaAH

BXOAHO|O 14 BbIXOA-

Horo

ceqesnft KoJreHa.

Ans

Ka)KAoro

ru[a rrpHMeHfleMbrx

KoJreH

Mo]Ker 6lrrr

rrocrpoen rpaQux

20:f

(Lo")

.

Ha

pnc.

5-12,a rpeAcraBrreHbr

BOSMO>KHbIC 3AKOHbI,H3-

MeHeHHn

AHQ0y3opHo-

cTH

KO,Jre'Ha nO

AJrHHe.

rflpu

ABHIKeHT{[r

ro-

TOKa

B

UH/IHHApHqeCKOx/t

KOJIEHC

HA HAqAJIbIHOM

y.iaCTKe

HMeeT MeCTO

O1'-

pHIIa'reJruunrri

rpaAHerlr

AaBrreHi4r

(dp

lrdla,O)

.

E

ns

yMeHbur

eHr4r, rro-

Tepb

Ha 3To'M

yqacTr(e

eMy rleJre,co,o6p

asno ilpu-

Aarb

HeKoro,pyro

AHQQy-

3O{piHOCTb, n,OBbIlIaIO-

ulytO

AaBJIeHHe

B

KOTHIIO

yrracrKa.

Ha

BTo'polr

yqe'cTKe

KoJreHa, rAe rro-

TOK

nepexoAHr

B

ropH-

3onTaJlbrHltfi,

HMeer Me-

cTo

IIO/IO>KHIe,UtUltfi

rpa4ueur

AaBJreHHff

(dpldl)O),

npnBoAffrr{Hrl K

AorroJr,Hr{-

re/rbr-rbrM

rrorepru.

!,nn

yMeHbureHHq

arr4x irror€pb, BHAHlro,

IIeJIecoo6pasruo

HeKoropoe

rroA;.r(arHe

ceqeHuil.

KoHrleBar

qacTb

KoJreiHa, fAe oTpbrB

noToKa

H3-3a noBopoTa

yx(e

H,CKJIIOqe|H,

MOIKeT Tar{}Ke

HMerb HeKOTOpyrO

rrnrp{ty30pHocrb.

Taxuu

o6pasou,

g.Jtfl

oceBbrx

noloKoB

KoJreHo

,Ha

nepBoM

yrracrKe

rleJrecoo6pasuo

AeJrarb AHQQy3opHbrM,

Ha cpeA-

'ueM

-

xottQy3opHbrM

H

lra Kor-rueBoilr

yqacTKe

-

TaKlKe

aucpSyeopHbrM.

tflpn

raxort

cxe:Me cr,poeKrr4poBaHbr

'Bce

Ko-

r'rer'ra H3orlryrr,rx

rpy6 /lM3 (pHc.

5-l'2,a).

I,IccneAoBaHHf no

orblcKaHHI.o

onrHMaJIbHoro

3aKoHa

r{3MeHeFrr.rr uroulaAu

no

AJTHHe

Moryr

6rrrr

pas6nrn

Ha

ABa

sTaIIa

-

Ha nepBOM

oIIpeAeJIfleTCfl OITHMaJIbHOe

COOT-

Ho[reFrr{e

FulFo

npn en6paHHolr 3aKoHe H3MeHeHHr

nJroula-

Aefi

no

AJrHHe,

Ha

BTopoM

no

Hafi4euuovry

orrrt{MaabHoNly

coorHoixeHHro

Ful F

o

rrpoBepflercfl onrHMaJrlunrl 3aKoH H3Me-

HeHHr

nnoulaAert ro

AJTHHe

KoJreHa

F:'f

(Lo").

IIp"

eroM

ueo6xoAuMo

HMerb B BHAy,

r{To

c H3MeHeHHeM Bblcorbl

kl

Au$qrysopHocrr4

KoHyca rpy6u,

a ral()Ke

c

nsxaeileHlleM

pac-

npeAeJreHufl cr(opocreri

Ha BXoAe n rpy6y oilrHMaJIbHbIe

pa3-

Mepbr

r{oJreHa Moryr

rr3MeHnrrcs. B

pa6ore

VI.

3.

SruH6ep-

ra

[,II.

BB] rpHBeAeHbr

pe3yJrbrarbr

r{cnbrraHuli cepreH KoJreH,

rrocrpoeHHbrx

no

oIIr4caHHoMy

Bbiue

npuHlrt4ny

(puc.

5-13)

.

CpanHeune 3ailpoeKTr{poBaHHbrx

r{oJreH

IIo,r(a3aJIo,

qro

npn

AAI4He

KOJIeHa

Lss- 1,64

D4

HaHilyr{UI'IM

fBJIfleTCfl

KOJIeHO

c cooTHoIIIeHHeM

FulFa: 1,3. 3ro

KoJIeHo

6u.uo B3flTo

B ocr{oBy

AJrrr

Aa.nluefiuLIX

ncnutaulttlt

npH

onpeAe/teHnH

onrnMaJrbHoro

3aKoHa

H3MeHeHr4r

nnoulaAeri

no

AJIHHe

U.

751.

VcraHosJreHo,

qro

yBernqeHue

nJrvr

yNreHbrreHne

orHorreHr.rfl

F

ul

F

aS

I

,3

cuHxaer

xoaS$uqueHr BocraHoBJIe-

rrrrd rr n^rr4 To' nnrr \rDATrrrlralrrr' P^1tr, rrr., 1A,9, trrrr.r \r'raul-

.|'lrI.rT'

(\\Jdlr-rl'Cl

.

r

CrI\t

tryrL

J.lJ\-rllII'L\-Ilrlrl

t

fil

t

4

Av

L, Lv

tLotrr

J

IYrLrru

rreHHH

Ao

1,10

xoeQ$r,rqneHT

BoccraHoBJIeHHr

I

cHnxaercn

Ha

I

0/0.

Ornaeqaercfl

TaKlKe,

qro

HccJIeAoBaHkrr, KoJreHa

c

nocrosuHofi

aHQSysopHocrblo

tro

AJII4He

noKa3 ailr4,

rITo

TaKoe

KoJreHo

HMeer cyuecrBeHHo

6onruue

norepH.

3Aecl

ueo6xoAHMo

orMeruTb,

r{To

o6a cpaBHHBaeMblx

KoJreHa

B orHX

HccJreAoBaHnflx

HMeJIH

pa3flHr{Hoe

3Har{eHHe cpeAHerl

ilo

AJTHHe

Aii$QysopHocri4.

KoneHo

c

oIIrHMafibHbIM

coorHo-

rrreHueM

F6f

Fo- 1,3 HMeJro

AuQQy3opHocrb

20.p-lolQ',

KoJreHo

c

nocrosHuoll

AHSSy3opHocrbIo

-

coorBercrBeHHo

I2o12',

qro

lr MorJro

flBhrbcfl

npuunHoli

rloilyqeHHoro

pac-

xoN(AeHHr{

pegyJrbraroB

zcnuraunft .

IrlccneAoBaHuf

BHIAI4|

UI

,

771 no onpeAerleHulo orlrn-

MaJrbHoro

3aKoHa

F:f

(lo.)

,

BbrnoJrHenHbre

Ha MoAeJrH

149

20-arctgrfut

(5-5)

Pr.rc.

5-12a.

LIs,MeHeHr-re

anS0y3opHo-

cTI.t

KO,leHa

nO

AJil.iile.

a

-

\HrrHHEpHqecKoe

KoJreHo: 6

-

noneuo

no-

croqHHofi

4rz$Sysopuocrr.r;

a,

B'

-

xofieHo c

aud$ygopnbrMH

H xoe$yeopubrM

yqacrKaMr.t;

e

--

xoH$ysopiroe

Ko'JreHo.

148

li

L

rpy6bt

Bbrcorofi

h:1,915

Dr

coBMecrHo

c KoJrecoM

n/I510,

noKa3aJrH,

r{ro

rrpn

cpe4Herl

ataQQysopHocrn

KoJreHa,

pan-

uoli

2o30',

Har,uryqlrnM

Ha onrHMaJrbHbrx pe)KraMax

pa6ortr

ryp6unrr

flBJrrercfl

KoJreHo,

HMeroulee

ue6o.rltruyrc

lnQ$y-

SOprHOCTb

HA

KOHqeBoM

yrracrKe,

rouQysopHocrb

B

cepeAr4He

n

au$Sy-

3OTPTHTOCTH

Ha

KOHqeBOM

yrracrKe.

Ko.rleso

c

no-

'cronHHofi

aHQQysop

-

H,OCTbFO

nO

AJrr.I'He

2,0':

:2"30'

JIHIIIb rHeMHof

o

y,cTynaeT

eMy

*ra

'onTr.r-

MAJIb.HbIX

.PC}I(HMAX

H

npeBocxoAlrT

ero

Ha

@op,cupoBaHHbrx.

Sror

pe3yJrbraT

HccJreAoBa-

t,0

nfrt

t---,-=)

_)-_t-

|

_-,_,L

t

l

vl

u'u

o

o,z

0,4

0,6

o,g

f,o

l,z

l,+

t6

L

#'," ;, *, :, t

'

t, u,L

Lt,+

u,o

,,0

u,

I,u

l,z

1,4

/.6

Pnc.

5- 13,

Irlccre4onaHrrbre

3aKor-rbr

r,r3Mer.rerrHfl

n.noulaAefi

no

AJTHHe

KoJreHa Hsoruyrofi orcacbrBaroutefi

rpy6ur.

I

-

2A

cp:12'12';

2

--20

"n:1"22"

3

-

20

*n:4'34"

4

-

20

cp:7"14';

5

-

20

ro:7o96''

5

-

nocrotusas

4n6Sye

opHocu 20:5"00'; 7, I,

9,

l0

-

xat-eua c

an66ysopHbrMH

l.l

xouSyaopHbrM

yqacrKaMr.t;

11

-

xo.neso

JIM3

J'lb 4.

nzri4 xopoilo cofJracyercr c 6onee

irlo'3!,HHMH

HccJre4otsa-

H'r4fl,Mkr MI4CI4,

noKa3 aBrrrHMH,

qro

oTcacbrBaroilIafl

Tpy-

6a

Bbrcoror?

h-2,3

Dt

c

KoJreHoM, HMercrrIHM nocrofHHyro

AuQ$ygopHocrb,

o6ecnerruBaeT

6o.nee BbrcoKue

gHarreHur

rl

ryp6r4Hbr Ha

Qopct4

poBaHHbIx

pe)KHMax

(r"rr.

6).

150

Pesynrr'arbr

aHeprert4qecKltx

ucnblraHHfl

noATBeplKAa-

roTcfl I,ISMepeHHfl.MVr

CKOpOCTeft B

pa3HbIX

CerIeHHflX KOJIeH.

VcraHoeJreHo,

r{ro

KoJreHo c

nocroflHHoft

auSQysopHocrbFo

Ha

SopcupoBaHHbrx

pelKuMax

o6ecneqnBaer

Ha BbIXoAe

H3

HefO 3HaqI{TeJIbHO

I\'IeHbUHe 3HarleHLlfl As,

rIeM

KOJIeHO [epe-

MCHHOI:I

AUQQYSOPHOCTH.

6.

Qoprvra Bblxo,qHoro

cerreHnfl KoJIeHa H onrHMaJIbHoe

coorHoIIIetIHe

Belha

B

csssu

c reM,

qro

orsoAnurufi

au$Qysop

H3orHyrbtx

Tpy6,

KaK

[paBHJro,

HMeeT flpflMoyroJlbHoe cerleHue, BbIXoA-

HOMy

CeqeHHro

'KoJreHa

raKN(e llpHAaercfl

Qopua

npflMo-

yroJrbnr.rKa

c

rrHpHHofi

Ba

u Bbrcoror:r

lh.

ontrrannn

IIM3

ycTaHoBJIeHo,

qro

oITHMaJIbHoe coorHotueHue

Bul,hu-4,

qro

H

per(oMeHAoBaHo

AJIn

Bcex craHA,aprHsoBaHHbIX

rpy6.

IIo

AaHHbIM

HccrIeAosaHHIi

i[,II.

77]

Me)KAy

Ba

v

ha cy-

IrlecrByer onrHMaJIb,Hoe

coorHolxeHHe,

KoTopoe IIQ

I{ccJIeAo-

BaHlHrM

rpy6u

'Bblicorol:I

h: l,9rl'5

D

t

c

KoJIecoM IIII150

B6f h6-6,2 rpu

IITHpHHe rpy6bl

86:2,6 D

y

VctaHoeJIeHo

TaKlKe,

rrro

npaKTHqecKr{

6es

cHHx(eHHfl

rl

ryp6nnu

H3Me-

HeHHe

86

!,onlcrHMo

B

IIpeAeJIax or

2,4

p,o

2,9 Dy

cooTBer-

crBeHHo

H3MeHeHHe

ha

-'B

npeAeJlax or 0,37

Ao

0,49

Dr.

TaxHna o6pasovr,

Mex(Ay

rxHpr{Hofi

Bu

rr Bbrcorofi ceqeHun

6-6

h6 Mo)Ker 6urr

ycraHoBJreHa

cJIeAyrcUar,

saBrclrMocrb:

2,0

t,6

t,+

t7

t,6

tnz

,,,

0

?,0

t,6

t2

0,80,+

a)

Bu

(5-6)

+

fAe

0,49

Dtlha70,37

Dr

Eee cHvx(eHr4fl

K. n.

A.

ryp6r.rHbr

AIrr

rpy6 Bbrcoror?

h:1,915 Dr

3ro cooTIIoueHHe

Balho

Mox(er H3M€Hflrbcfl

B npeAeJrax or

5,6

Ao

7,0. B

Hacroqulee BpeMfl HeT

AaHHbIX

0'6 oltpeLeJI

eHvrr orITHMaJIbHofo

,coorHoIIIeHHfl

Bulhu

LJrr

Tpy6 6onruer?

Bbrcorbl.

Moxuo

inp

eAnoJlox(rlrb,

rITo

onru-

MaJIbHOe cOOrHoIIIeHI4e

Bulha

3a,BI'ICHT

KaK

OT

xapaKTepncTbr'

,Kr.r

rIoToKa Ha

BXoAe

B KOJIeHo, TaK

I{

olBblcorbl

Tpy6bl

h.

Tax,

,Hanpr,rMerp,

Ha

FnApocraHlrnu

KaxfleT

InpH

Bblcore Tpy-

6w

h:2,45

D1

orHorleHue

Balhu:3,18

na

fOC Hoppuc

npu

Bbrcore

rpy6lr

h:'2,5I

Dr

orHorleHue

Belha:'5,76.

IrlccneAoBaHuffMn

/lM3

c

paBflHqHbIMH

pa6oqHMH

KoJIe-

caMH

H

Tpy6aMH

paSrHrlHofi

Bblcorbl

ycraHoBJIeHo,

tITo

on-

l5l

$

I

rt

'7

ttl

,/

x

,5

I

,^

:.;/

t/

I,

,

L

,Dt

rH'MaJIbHoe

3HaqeHI4e

he

Ailn

rpy6 Bblcorofi

'h-'1,91,$

D1

'He

3aBHcHT or

rH[a

pa6or{ero Ko/Ieca

'H

paBHo

0,1550

Dt,'AJIfl

Tpy6

,BbIcoroI;I

'h:2,7'0

Dt

Bbtcora

h6:'Q,ft$ Dt.'C

yBeatlqe-

,HHeM

BbICOTbI T,py6bl'rIpHHH'|M

ael\,Ioe OTHO,ITIeH

He

B6l'h6

iMO)KeT

yMeHb[Iarbcf

H

,Arlfl

BbIcol{HX

'r,py,6

'rIpH

,h=4-t5

Dr

Mo}KeT

AOCrh,f

arb

1,0.

B.

,[lnuHa

KoJIeHa

D,nnga

KoJreFI

a

Lt

BJIHfer

Ha BeJIHTIHHy

IOJIHOI1

AJIHHbI

r{3orHyrorl

orcacblBalox{el?

Tpy6bI kr, caeAoBareJlbI{o,

B KaKOrl-TO

CTerreHH

Ha

pa3Mepbl

noABoAHoft

qacrH

3AaHLIfl

f3C.

Bonpoc o

BJIHflHr4r4

AJtr4HbI

KoJIeHa

Ha

sHeprerur{ecKne

rroKa3areJrH

ryp6HHbI

6nt.n

HccJIeAoBaH

i[II.

771

Ha

MoAeJIu

H3ofHyrofi

rpy6bl

Bblcor

ok

h:

1,9l5

D

t

npH IUI4pI4He KoJIeHa

86:2,5D1.

tr'lsNIeHeHI4e

AJIHHbI

KoJIeHa B

rIpeAeJIax

or

1,75

LO

2,3,Dt IIOKI.g

aJIO,

.ITO

npH

ttpHHaTOM

OnTHMaJIIHOM

SaKO-

He

H3MeHeHHfl

rrJroulaAefi

F-f(Lo")*u*"

K. II.

A.

Typ6AHbI

nolyqeH

npu

L1:1,9

Dy

npr

pac[oJIo)KeHHH

ceqeHnf c MH-

HHMaJrbHOri

nJroulaAbrc

B

paccroflHHH

l,25Dr

or ocH

ryp6l4-

Hbr. CneqnaJrbHoft

cepHell

HcnbITaHHfi

6uno

ycraHoBJIeHo

TaKlKe,

r{To

npH

Rz:0,4

D1

onrHMaJIbHaf

AJIHIIa

KoJIeHa

L1:1,6

DL.

Ees 6orbrloro cHH)KeHvrn

K.

II,

A.

ryp6HHbI

AJIH-

Ha

KOJreHa,

IIO-BHAHMOMy,

MO)KeT H3MeHflTbCf

B

npeAeJIaX

or

1,0

Ao

2,0 Dr

Anun

a

,KoJreH

nocroflHHoft

nu$$yeopHocru

HecKoJIbKo

6o"tlrue

u

Aocrvfaer

2-2,2Dr

r.

lllnpulra KoJreHa B

nJIiIHe ,86

IJJupuna KoJreHa

H3orHyroll rpy6bl

Ba

3aBI4cI{r or ero

Bbrcorbr

kr

onrHMaJrhHofo

orHolxeHHfl

Bulhu.

B

HeKoropblx

mnn rrmn rr ^mnn ^ - ^ ttttttt T. ea rr d

UJfyLfa)1.Ar

fldIrP.(IrVItrP

rLPvL LrP\-rrIlE.rlD\, lDs

'JAa'rtvtYL

I \-,'v

Ila'

cKaJrbtjbtx

rpyHTax,

a

raKlKe npH

crpoHTeJIbcTBe

rloA3eMHbrx

fOC

yMeHbnreHHe rIIHpHHbr KoJIeHa flBJIflercfl KpaIlHe

)KeJIa-

TeJrbHbrM,

TaK

KaK rroSBoJrfler

yMeHbIxHTb

o6seurt crpol4-

TeJtbHbtx

pa6or

ga

cqeT coxp

aHeHHtr

cKaJrbHbIX IIeJII{KOB

MelKAy

cMelKHbrMH

orcacbrBaroqr4Mkr rpy6aM-H.

?IccneAoBa-

uunrvn

tfll.

771

ycraHoBJreHo,

r{ro

r1rfl

HsorHyroft

rpy6br

h-7,915 Dt

npn orHoclrreJlbHol? Bbtcore

KoJIQ.Ha ha:0,7

D1,

onrHMaJIbHoe

3HaqeHI4e

Ba-2,5-+2,6 Dy

flo aHaJIorHrIHbIM

HccJreAoBaHHflM

/IM3

onruMaJIbHoe

BHaqeHze

Bo

-2,2,

oAHa-

KO

C

yBeJrHr{eHHeM

Bbrcorbr rpy6br

Ao

2,7 Dr

rxHpHHa KoJre-

Ha

yBeJII{r{HBaeTcfl

IO

2,74 Dt.

VrvreHbIIIeHHe

IIII{pHHbI

KOJICFIa

MeHbIIIe

Ba:2,4 Dt

BO3MOX{HO JIHllIb np'

yBeJII{qeHHH

BbI-

t52

corbr

rpy6br

h

nnu

FraqaJlbHoro KoHyca

h.

flpn Bblcore

rpy-

6w

h:4,5

.

4,7 D1 LLrkrpHHa KoJIeHa

Moll(er

6rtrn

yMeHbueHa

Ao

1,6

Dr

fl,o

a,MepHKaHcKHNI

AaHHbIM

iin.

32)

IxHpI4Ha KoJIeHa

H3ofHyro,ft rp!6bl

IIOBoporHo/Iona,crHbIX ryp6HH'paBHa

3,0

D

1,

A/Ifl

pail,uanbFlo-oceBbIX

ryp6lIH 3,7'5

D1. flplr

3roM

Heo6xo-

AHMO

OTMerHTb,

rITO

6OLA:UJUHCTBO

KOJIeH

HMeeT

IIOTITH

rrocrofHHyro

auoQyeopHocrb

rlo

AJIHHe.

flo

AaHHbIM

Qupiult

Oor:rltI. 921

ttiupuHy

KoJIeHa

trJrfl

noBoporHo;IonacrHblx

ryp6HH

peKoMeHAyercfl

,nphHuMorb

B

'ilpeAeJlax

Be:3,0-:

3,3

,3

(or<o"rro

2,r$,$-3,15

Dt).

B

pa6ore

III.

102]

yxa3blBa-

eTcfl,

q1g

rrUl{pHHy

BbIXOAHOTO

,CeqeHHfl

I(OJleHa

peKOMeHAyeT-

cf,

npl{HnMarb B

rlpeAeJlax

2,7

.

3,2

D3

[oxo.rro

(2,55--

3,0)D;].

ConocraBJIeHI4e

pa3MepoB

orcacblBaIoIrlHX

rpy6

rroKa3brBaer,

qro

npHMeFIfleMbIe

3a

py6exoM cpopuu KoJIeH

HMeroT

HecKoJrbKo

6onluryro

lxl4pHHy,

qeM

KoJIeHa,

pa3pa-

6oraHuue

,IIM3.

A.

Pa4nycur

Ro

H

Rz,

oqepqHBalouHe

rop H

TbIJIbHyto

cropoHy

KoJIeHa

IrlccneAoBalrLrflMr.r

paBJII{qHblx

I(oJIeH noKasaHo

[I.

40],

qro

3HaqeHr4e

paAl4yca

3aI(pytJIeHHfl

BHeuHeft v

BHyrpeH-

Heri

creHKH cyuecrBeHHo

MeHreT

rHApaBJIHrIecKHe

norepl{

B KOJreFre.

A.irrr

oceBbrx

noroKoB

He

peKoMeHAyeTcfl

yMeHb-

ruuTb sHaqeHHe

Ro,

Ao

sHaqesuIl MeHbrue 0,1+0,2

Da.

flpn

yBeflnrleHHI'I

Ro.

Ao

0,6

-:0,8

Da

fHApaBJIHqecKHe

noTepH

B

KOJreHe

3HaqHTeJrbHO

yMeHbIXaIoTCfi,

OAHaKO

AaJIbHeftUee

yBefl

r.rqeHr4e

Roc

M

aJro eQQexruBHo.

B

Hacrorrrree

BpeMfl

AJrfl

KoJreH H3orHyrbIX rpy6

peKo-

MeHAyIorctI cJreAyloulue

3HaqeHnfl

paAHycoB

lloBopora:

Rz:

:0,6

D,,

u

Re

:

1,0

D,,.

14cc,neAoBaHHr

pa3Jrr{rrHbrx

MoAeJreri

orcacbrBaroulnx

rpy6

slrcoroii

h-1,915

Dl ,[il. 771

c

KorIeHaMvr,

y

Koropblx

3HaqeHHe

pa/.Hyca

Ro

H3MeHflJrocb

B

rrpeAeJrax

or 0

lo

2,0

(6rr"rll,t

HccJreAoBaHbr

BapHaHTbr

c

Ra:0;

0,725; 0,89

Lt

2,0

D),

rIoKagaJIH,

rlro

npn

coxpaHeHnH

HeH3MeHHbIMI4

Bcex

npoqHx

pa3MepoB

KoJIeHa, HaufiyqrrHe

pesyJrbTarbr

noJry-

qeFIbI

npn

Ro:1,0

Dr.

I4ccneAoBaHr{flMn nM3

ycraHoBJreHo,

qro

eru snaqeHnfl

coxpaHflrcT

cHJry

TaKN{e

AJrf

saKpyr{eHHofo

HepaBHorvrepHoro

noroKa, BxoArrllero B KoJreHo rpy6br.

VcraHosJreHo

raK>Ke,

qro

K. n.

r,.

ryp6nHbr naAaeT

no

Mepe

yMeHb[reHI,rfl

3Frar{eHHfl

Ra.

OnrnuaJrbHoe

gHarIeHHe

r53

Ta6rrHrta

5-7

Paapexeune,

,tJt/t

Pexuv

Sra.nou

h:2,39

Dr

flpauaa

[flrKa

It-3,23

D,

n

I

2

3

4

5

6

I

_58,0

-41

,0

+6,

3

-14,0

-25,0

-15,5

-26,0

paAHyca

{u

saBVcHr

or

ArdQ$ysopHocrn

KoJre

Ha

H

3HaqeHufl

paturlca

Rt.

Ha

uerroM

_qT:

rrocrpoeHHbrx

y

Hac

H

sa

py6ex{oM

THAPOCTAHIIHH

I]MCIOTCfl

H3OTHYTbIC

TPY6bI,

Y

KOTOP;iX

KOJIC.

,H0

c

BHerx,Herl

cropo,Hbr

r{Meer

npnMbrl

yfo;

(R;di

. or,or

TI4n

KO.reHa,

IIoryrIHBwVtft

HaSBaHHe

KOJIeHa

c

fipfMorl

ngr_

r{or1,

6un

npeArroxeH

B

l

gl

b

r.

npoQ.

(;r;;il^,i'^

l[n.

aOf

r4

B

HaCTOflUIee

BpeMfl

BCTper{aeTcfl

Ha

rHApocraHrlHflX

KaK

c MaJrbrMH,

TaK

H

60,nnruuuH

HanopaMu.

^

Hann

iar.arno

12

cflyqaeB

[pHMeHeHHfl

TaKoro

KoJreHa.

Ha

-n.*opor*

tHApocTaHIIHfX

OHO

BnOCJreACTBr.tu

6lt.rlo

3aMeHeHO

KOJTeHOM

o6lrquori

Qopvru.

!,eenrn

r

ruApocraHrlr4rrx

Coeercxoro

(

HCnOJTbSOBaHO

HM[OprHoe

Typ

KOJreHo

rrp?rMeHeHo

Ha

fHApC

rparrbHar

A$puxa)

npa

pac,

MorrlHocru

arperara

l

S

600

K

HeHbr

ua

fOC

Husa

l,

Marrc

lrannh^rt'nai,i,opax,

H3MeHfiioIIlHXCfl

B

t

orcacbrBarorrlnx

rpy6ax

Bbrc(

6onee

Hoeofi

rr{Apocraurlnei

rrBfiqercn.

!'y60ccaipcxaa

f,3c

Ha

p.

!,Hecrpe.

pauee

Ko/reHo

c npnnaofi

nn1lo4

6uno

npr.rMeHeuo

Ha

A,uercauAponcroli

ll

Py6"rrencxofi

foc.

B

otruou

J.r€

HeocyqecrBJreHHbrx

Bapr{aH-

roB

fOC

Eon4ep

(H

"r:

l6

t,A

iy

'np"

Bbrcore

,pVO"

h:3,0

Dr

ranKe

paggMalg-uBarrcff

Bonpoc

o

rrp'MeHeHr,rri

noAo6soro

ronesa

[II.

ZE],

noneuo

i

npnmor?

nsmoft

YnPoqaer

npousBoAcrBo.pa6or

npn

ero

BosBeAeHHvr,

fiooro-

My

[PeAcraBJrfleTcfl

xpafine

r4HTepecHbrM

orIeHKa

ero

rHA-

PABfiLTqECKHX

CBOI?CTE

14

BJII4fiHHC

HA

9HCPTCTT{IICCKHC

NOKA.

sareJrn

ryp6uHtr.

r54

294

230

189

98

258

160

95

123

136

20r

84

193

135

70

B,pa6ore

O. fy6uua

il

E.

f,yp6nua (BI4|M,

lg38)

onr4cbrBaercfl

HccJreAoBaHHe

MoAeJrH

aeoruyrofi

rpy6u

Bbr-

colori

4:2,39

Dr

Anzuoli

L-3,35

DL

A

runpuuofi

Bs-

:'2,76

Dt,

H,Mesuefi

o6rtquoe

KoJreHO,

r(oTopafl

cpaBHlIBa-

Jracb c rpy6ofi

slrcorofi h-3,23

Dr

A.ul.ruofi

L-4,66

Dr

H

IIIHpr,rHofi Bs-3,89

Dr,

Hnaeerueft

KoJreHo

c

npnuofi

nqrxofi.

Cpannenne

Bbr[oJrHeHo

Ha

ficKyccrBeHHo

saKpyqeHHbrx

noro-

Kax 6es

pa6ouero

KoJreca

no

BefiHr{HHe

cosAaBaeMoro

Bo

BXoAHoM

ceqeHupr

AHHaMHT{ecKoro

pa3pex{eHufl

(ra6.rr.

5-7).

Hecuorpfl

Ha 6o.rrnuryto

Bblcory

'h,

6o"rrnruee

3HarreHue

nJIo-

IqaArd

BbrxoAHoro

ceqeuus

,.Es

(v

2,28 pasa)

rpy6a

c KoJre-

HOM,

HMeTOTTIHM

npflMyro

IrsTKy,

coSAaeT

npaKTHrrecKH

Ha

BCeX

UCCJTeAOBaHHbTX

pe)KHMaX

SHarrHTeJrbHo

MeHb[ree pa3-

pe>KeHHe.

14

cc.rreAoe

au

n ena

r[,II.

6oqnu

KorrecoM

ll.II510

nsrxoli

He3Har{HTeJrbHo

771,

samoJrHeHHbrM

coBMecrHo

c

pa-

ycTaHoBJreHo,

r{TO

KOJTeHO

C nprnlOfi

cHnlKaer K.

n.

r..

ryp6uHn

B

onru-

MaJrbHoM pex{HMe.

C

yBeJr}r-

IIeHHeM

lQ'r

cullx(eHHe x.

,II.,{.

yBeJrHquBaeTcfl.

\

H

a u 6

o.rr ee

rroJrHo

aH eprern-

qECKHC

KAqCCTBA

TAKHX

KOJIEH

.

6wnu

H'ocJre,qoBarHbr

s

MVICI4.

CosvrecrHo

c

,pa6ounm

KoJre-

I

{

\

Puc.

5-14. I,Icc.[eAoe

aHHafl

orcacbrBarculor

rpy6a

c

pa3Jrurr,Hunrn

SoprvraMr.r

Koreua.

a,-

crarLaprHoe

Koneno

(cteruHufi

axna4uru);

6

-

xoleuo c npnuofi

nsrxofi.

ocyqecrBJrflJlocb ycrauonxoft

AonoJrHHTeJrbHOfO

BKJraAblrrra.

Buna npHMeHeHa

MeToAHKa

HccJreAonannlt,

npH

roropoft

nocJre

ycTaHoBKH

onpeAeJreHHbrx

3HaqeHHfi

q

u A

cHVMaJrHcb

o6opotrlre

xapaKrepr{crHKr,r

xaxAoft

rpy6n.

3ro

rosBoJru-

Jro

HcKJrrorrHTb

BoSMo)KHocrb

HeKoropofo

HcKax{eHHfi

noJry-

155

|

.c

il

oil

X

R*t

o+

V

n-

sAa

F llro

o.ai

o

trll

HrQ

V

r-

VOA

H\

e

*co"

y/

c\I

ts i/ll

t-.

c'*e

E

Xcs

*'

\O

t 9:'

ts *l<

(.)

F'

^

X

Ftr

=

.3E

;I

U;\

O r:c

l/

9A

z

a;

r

d

hl

\O

-cD

F.

X c.i

t

E-il

H

Y

H\d

F

F>i

5

H8

;

qt(

q

Ss

5 !;

AF

oJ

<st

O.

XO

cs9

X

Ei

. El

Lo

hl

,A 5Y

\ol

iVl

g

to

O.

al

s

*

R

lr

US

F>

-HA

H

Evcrri

E

c,i

F.o

tl

*

h t

+r*

X H 9+s

r

6 59

..

E

9F

v

o

4t(

.^ }4

trtr

s4 t

toQ

c

CJ

CA

lJr

(J

$

s

I

.oO

s

N

R

s

N

=

Ft

t:

$

s

s,

^t

x

d

iqs

g

I

-{

b'

s

R

s

N

Se

e

s

\

s

L|{

N

S

s

d

I

b

F

s

I

a

oo

N

ts

lp

t^

t{t

l^

v

}<

R

x

G

ri

*J

a

oo

f..

I

l

i

{

i

s

C\t

$

t

l$

gEF

E,ssFs

s

a

.+

,qd

fi

l{

p

i,

a

F

p

t57

156

Губин М.Ф. - Отсасывающие трубы гидроэлектростанций

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.