Грановский С.А., Малышев В.М., Орго В.М., Смоляров Л.Г. Конструкции и расчет гидротурбин
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qeHHe
HMeer
onpeAeneHHe K.
II.
A.
HarypHbrM
MeroAoM.
Ans
erofi
ueJrH
Aocra-
TOqHO I,IMerb nOKa3aHHff
AalKe
HeTapHpOBaHHOfO paCXOAOMepa
H
npH IIOCTOTTTIHOM
Hanope
l/, saAaHHotl
uorqnoctn
/y'
I4 3aAarrHoM
orKpbrrut ao
HsMeHeHr.reM
yrna
noBopora
JIoIIacru
Ao6ueatgcfl
TaKoro [o,'Io]KeHr.rR,
uro6u
orHocuTeJrruuri
pac-
xoA craJl
HaHllleHblulrrvr-
HafiAs TaKLIM
o6pasol,r onrlrMaJrbHbre
3Har{etvfl.
ao
rr
e
Anfr
pflEa
pexHMoB,
Mo)KHo noryqr4Tb
Qaxrnuecrue
ron6nuaropHble
gaBHcr.rMocru.
Macura6Hlrft
eQQerr u
llorperrrHocrrl r.rcnbnanuft,
a
ranKe
fiH1tBvr1yaJrbubre
orrutlufi B
oqeHb
ctt.nnuoft
Mepe
BnEffIoT
Ha
xou6unaropHyro
3aBucnMocrb,
rro-
eroMy
ee tpedyercx
yrolruflTb
B Harypnbrx
ycnoBnrrx
AJrs
Ka>KAoro arperara.
3ro
nogeofiser 3HaqHTeJrbHo
noBbrcr.rrb
cpe,u,nnii
gKcfiJryaraurounurft
r. n.
n.
Toq-
Hbrx MeroAoB
nepecqera rou6r.ruaropnoii
BaBtlctlMocra
noKa Her.
fipouuocrHbre
Harypgbre
HcnbrTaHnfi
rrpoBoAfircfi
c
qeJrbro
yroqHenr4rr
Hanpfi-
)KeHHoro
cocroffHllfl
Aetaneft
H
gJreMeHTon
ryp6r.rnbr,
a
TaK)Ke
AJrn
onpeAenervfr.
r4x
en6paquti
II nyd'Ibcaqltft
Aaenegurr
B noroKe.
Ann
gToro
AeraJr[r
ocHaulaprcrr
Aar-
BeA.HI'H
eKcrepl'IMeHra
Ha
onurstix-l-arypu'x
oop.ffi"ii;1t"1?t"f;"*rJrtl
ooTaTb
H
Hcrrbrrarb
pffA
""p"u"ro"
rrroaerferi
^nr,^*
orAqrrbHbrx
gJTeMeHTOB
npH
conocraB'M'x
ycJroBt4fr.x
ra
oro6parb
Hs
HL,X
Hanryqu'e;
2) yc'noeu"
'".n',"u*"i-
o.ru6.""
"..i*u
'.r"o"nr"brMr.r:
Hanop,
pacxoA,TeMnepaTyPS'
coct-as
BoAbI
coxpaHsroTcfi
,,oqr'
Her{3MeHHbrMr.r,
rITo
oqeHb
BaxHo
.4nfi
conocraBJreur{,
pesynrraion;
#o";?."3;9.,,""ru:#H.,1":L;T{^1+.:':iilq?fu
:?t"h#J#.:Ty"'l?'1;
/2
J4567
69
t0H
t2lJ
Prc.
IV.3.
Cxeua
ggeprsraqecxoro
crerrla:
/
-
T^a.IIoJHE{fr'
6a(i
2
-
cre,lTa.
6axa:
3
-
oKHo
Axr]roAenE;
4
_
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1,"__'4,*'**;:gff
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ll
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g
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Morop
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20
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oit.aci;;;;i;;,rpyoa;
,,
_
pa6oqee
KoJreco
:1t:i_ryT_rHoBKax
Bbrrrre,
qeM
B
HarypHbrx
)pa3oM r{
nsMepegilro
pacxoAa,
lrotrliocrr.r
ler.rreTcq
pa3foHHafl
qacToTa
BparrleHHfl
rflroTcs
cr.r.liu
Lr
MoMeHTar,
Aeficrgypuiae
H
Jrorracrr.r
pa6ouero
KoJreca,
H
cyMMap-
ar
K
poropy
ryp6xurr;
rpoqeccoB,
rlpn
KOTOpbrx
oflpeAeJrrrrorcfl
i
Aaccunaurrl
BnxpeBbrx
fiBJreH
wit
w
r.
n.;
reAeJlffroTcs
HanpflxeHHoe
cocToffHue
a
rbrx
,ueraJreft
u
sneuenroB
ruAporyp6auti
r.I
e
MotKer
6urs
cneuua.ursunn
AJm
Kax_
:€
qZICTO
HCrroJrb3yroT
.qsa
BHAa
CTeHAOB:
'IX
npOBOAflT-
3HepreTHqeCKHe,
CI{JrOBbIe
Hrre
(pnc.
IV.4),
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Koropbrx
rpoBoAfir
lHr,rfi
HecraqnoHapHbrx
flBJreHr.rri.
llpos_
aK
Ha
cnequaJrbHbrx
cregAax
(naupHlrep,
54
Prc.
IV.4.
Cxeua KaBfirarlrdogsoro
cresAa:]
/
-
a,acoc;
2
-
BaKyyMsHft
tpy6onponogi
3
-
BaKyyM-
HHft
6aK;
4
-
MoAeib ryp6nnor; 5
-
eo4onrep Bearypn;
6
-
sanopHbrft
tpy6onpoeo4;
/
-
pacrBopnTerrb
Bo34yxa
55
qlrKailrH
,ne0opMauHLt,
c Koropbrx
cHL4MaoTCq
noKasaHVs,
Ha
rpe6yeuou
pe)KHMe
B
crarHqecKoM
lI
.4[HaMuqecKoM
cocrorHHfix.
Cpuat-a"tqaKoB
nau6onee
rugpoKoe
npHMeHeHHe
HaIrL'IlI
3neKTpHr{ecKI'Ie
reu3ouerpul,
H3MepeHHfi
c
rroMorqbro
Koropbrx
ocHoBanbr
Ha
H3MeHeHr{H
couporn.BJrT"ft
;p;
a.OpMauulr.
Arq
asl{epeHr.rff
ePl6pauufi
H
.qaBxeHr*i
npulreu"rorcs
raKxe
er{KocrHbre
H
nHAyKurroHHbre
3JeK_
TpHqecKHe
'{arqHKH'
llpeliltryulecrBoM
flpoqHocrHbrx
HarypHbrx
]rcnbrcauuft
ss-
npu6.nuxesnufi
xapaKTep. I,{x rpy4Ho
AocroBepuo
cucreMarH3npoBarb
r.r
KoHj
KpeTHo II3JIOIKLITb,
B
CBf3ll C
qeM
IIMI4 S{OX(HO
IrOJIb3OBaTbCfi flHrrlb HMef
AOCTaTOq-
strfi
onut
.
f,Iu]fiws 59/o-iroro
Sanaca MorqHocTH o6qeare{sHo HaHocHTcfi
AJrrr
paAr.raJrbHo-
oceBbrx H flpone.'rd'repHbrx
ryp6uH
rro
raK
Ha3brBaeMbrM cpbrBnbiM
xapaKTeprcru-
Puc.
IV.6.
K
nocrpoeHliro
ynuaepac.nruor?
xapaKTepHcrtrKlr
noBoporgononacrHoil
ryp6anrt
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flpr.r
eaAaHHofi
l{acrore
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c
yBeJrr{qeHHeM'otxpnrrufi
cBbrure [pe-
AeJIbHbIx
K.
n.
A.
erux
ryp6nH
HaqHnaer
rraAarb 6rrcrpee,
r{eM
pacrer
pacxoA,
rrro
npI.IBoALIr
K
naAeHHIo Morrtuocrlr
//
:
y1QH (H
:
const). Ha
pa6ovefi
xapaxre-
pHcrHKe
B KoopAnHarax
//-r1
(puc.
IV.8)
aro BbrpalKaercs
BeprHKaJrbnbrM
Ha-
npaBaeHreM,
a 3areM sarn6orvr xpueofi
r.
fl.
A.,
a B KoopAHHarax
Qi
-
lf
(pnc.
IV.9)
-
neperu6ou
xpueor?
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Pa6ora
ryp6nHsr B TaKoM
peiKHMe
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no
ycJroBHflM
peryJrHpoBaHHs,.
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npH na-
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anna-
PaT,
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e.
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40,
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MOUIHOCTH,
etqe 6onrureMy
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qucna
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K
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ri3
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cocTofiHHro.
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p6unur
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xapaKTepHcTr.{K
(cu.
puc.
IV.6),
raK KaK
pa6ouue
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;ronacteli
q
Bbrpax(aroTcfi
HoBbnr celreii-
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:
const,
1rpllqe;yf nO MePe
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H
ff nponycKgafi
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ivroulHocrb
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nr.
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IV.b_IV.7.
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nonrsyrct
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or
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gTorvl
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raKlKe
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tt
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npoeKTlr-
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c
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r
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I
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40
so 60 70
Eo
90
too
i
Puc-
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VHueepcalunafi
xapaKTepHcrHKa
KoB-
uoeoft
rvo6r.ruur
80
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'r
lit
$
(
57
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a0, coorBercrByloulEe
Imax
npl{
3aAaHHbIX
tpr;
6ynyt orBe-
qaTb
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xou6rsatOpnoft
saBHcHMocTv
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(g),
H
[oBopoTHo-
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ryp6nua,
pa6orarcula* npH
taroft 3aBLIcI,IMocrH, 6yRet o6.naAatr
HaunyqunMl,I
K. II.
A.
Pa6ouyto
xapaKrepHcrHKy
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soft
ryp6nnu
(pnc.
IV.l0)
xapaKTepHcrlrK,
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roqKn
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pa6ounx
xapaKrepl{ctrar
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l.
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Prc.
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Pa6oque
xapaKrepucrnKg
rnAporyp6an:
a
_
paliflalrblo-
oceeofi 75/702-Bu-ffiQ
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l07,l
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Puc. IV. ll. Cprreuue
xapaKrepHcrLIKI{:
a
-
c
Bo3pacraHfleu
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ni
npu,
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oi
6
-
c
pacrsuyrbrM
rra-
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ni ^
U
I
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He
rBno Bblpaxeu-
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ni n r1
Pnc. IV.12.
Kou6nsaropuas
KpHBafi
o:
:
g
(Qi)
Alg
rroBoporlorlonactsoft
ryp-
6nuot
npa
ni: const
Nf,
x8m
tl
7
6
500
700
s00
nh
Puc.
IV.9. Xaparrepacrr{Ka
Morqnocra paAuanbuo-oceaofi
ryp6unu:
,
-
ToqKa
50/s-noro
ganaca
uorqHocTE:.2
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npeAerbHoil
MorrlHocT[
3ynbraraM
KaBHTaur{oHHbrx HcnbrraHr4fi.
llpu
oroM,
KaK
H npn
sHepferl4qecKux
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cHHMaeTcfl
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xapaKTepHcTHKa
H B nOBOpOTHOnOnaCT-
Hbrx
ryp6nr+ax
onpeAenflnTcfl
rou6usaropHbre
rotIKI4.
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o onpeAe-
r'rflroTcs no
BceMy noJrro xapaKTepHcTriKr.r,
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:
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u
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pgAe
cnyqaeB
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roI{KI4 neperl{6a
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oKpE
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3a
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o
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raKoe,
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KoropoM LIsMeHeHI{e
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(ni
vrnvt
q)
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1%.
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nonoporHoJronacrHbrx
ryp6HHax
no
3Har{eHwfrM
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e ros{OunaTgPryglx
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g
(Qi)
npvt
pfiAe 3Haqe1ilfi ni: coflst
(pnc.
IV.12). Ana"no-
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nocrpoeuue
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o
:
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7.
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K.
II.4.
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n.
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c
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c reoperllqecruM
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npu6JIH)KeHHbIMl4
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p
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fr. rpyuna
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qTo
Bce rItApaBJIHqecKHe
ro-
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or Bfi3Koro
rpeuurr
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nepecquTanbl
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rr{Aporyp6uHax
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norepb
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flapcvt
Prc.
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l0.
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