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(u.23)

6

fAe u)nL- HopMaJrbHafl K HaEpaBJIe-

rroroKa

cocraBJrrroulafi

ornoc]rre.[ruoft cKopocrH,

h-

t'yE

-

npr,r rotopofi

yueururaercf

na6yxanue

nofpanuqHofo

cfloff

lI

cHI'I>KaIorcfl

rlorePn.

Ohrrr

noarnepx<Aaer,

qro

B

psAe

crytlaeB o[TnMaJIbHafl-u!ryKyJrfliltttr

l,

na

3.

B3AHMOAEftCTBHE

CTPyH

C PA6O[{HM

KOJIECOM

B AKTHBHOII

THAPOTyPEHHE

'

B

arraagHx

rr{Aporyp6uHax

crpyl,

BbrreKaloqas.

Hs coIIJIa

co

cKopocrblo

u1

npr4

arMocsepHorvr

LaBnreruvr

pa,

nocryrlaer

B

HallpaBnelduv

u Ha

nepeMellap-

qr{ecfl

rro oKpyxHocrn

Jronacrn

pa6ouero

KoJIeca,

BbI[oJIHeHHbIe

B

$opue

cABoeH-

Hbrx

KoBtuefi

(puc. II.4,

a).

Octpueru

KoBHa crpyff

pa3p$aercff

Ha

ABe-paBHbIe

qacrr.r

H B orHocr{TeJrbuoM

ABlr}xeHHV

MeHfleT

HaIIpaBJIeHHe

floqTu

na

o6patHoe-

Ccu\an

npr6.nuxeHHo @1

HHro 6esylapHoro BXoAa

2.7, r\r

-:-

4g

2g

(1r.24)

flpH

nenoABnx(Ho

ycrauoBJleHnbrx

Jrorracrrx

6eey,aapurifi

pexravr

BosMox(eu

ToJIbKo

ttpn

oAnoM H3 noJroxesnli

nJraHa cxopocreft:

Fr: Fo

(pnc.

II.2).

OupeAeneHue

yrJla

6esy4apHoro BxoAa

3arpyAnfler

yqer

BJTHflHHs

roJrrrluHbl

exo^{Hofi KpoMKH. O6srqno

3Tor

yroJl

orcrruTbrBaroT or cpe4nefi Jrr{HHr{ npoQra.nn-

Yron

sa6eraHug

iloroKa

F,

(puc.

II.2)

ne

cneAyer cMerrruBarb c

yrJroM

araKnT

(yro.n

MexAy HarpaBJIeHr.reM

6esy,u,apHoro BxoAa r.r xopaoft npoQu.rrn).

PaseoporoM

.rroflacreft

e noaoporuoJronacrHbrx rrrAporyp6uHax, npn xoroporvr

BXOAHafl KpOMKa iTpHXOAHT

B

COOTBeTCTBHe

C

HanpaBJreHHeM

OTHOCr,rre./'rbHOft

CKO-

pocrl{

tcr1,

Aocrnfaercfl

3HaqHTeJrbHoe

yMeH.bureHue

norepb Ha

yAap.

B

pa4zanruo-

oceBbrx ryp6unax flBJIeHHe

yrapa

Ha

BxoAe crJrax(HBaercfl iroBbnuesnoft

rycrotoft

peureTKH,

KoTopas, no-BHAr,rMoMy, BJrrifleT

Ha noToK

rrepeA

KoJrecoru,

HHAyqHpyfl

TeqeHHe,

e

6orrr.ueft creneuu npu6"nuxcapuleecfl x 6esy,a,apnoMy.

OntuuaruHbrM

ycJIoBr{eM

Ha BxoAe e

pa6ouee KoJreco

typ6nnrr

ffBrsercq raKxe

tto

Bo3MoxHocrr.r

noJrHoe

npeo6pasoBaHue KuHer]rqecxoft airepruu

norora B Mo-

MeHT cKopocrn

(aurrr).

MoueHr cKopocru.Ha

BbrxoAe

r,oJrxen

6urs

ua.n.

Moxtto

[peAcraBnTb

rpn

cnyqar

(puc. II.3),

ofipeAeJrffror{nx

cocroflHue MoMeHTa

cKo-

pocrn

ea

pa6ounM

KoJrecoM: uuzr2

)

0; uurr"

{0

(Ha

pucynKe

coorBercrByrorque

rlapaMerpbr Hrnretor

oAHH rr

ABa

rurpnxa) tr

uuzrz:

0. B noc,'IeAHeM cnyqae

uuz:

:

0

H

ypaBHegr.re (II.18)

npanuMaer BHA

qrgH

:

uulul.

(ri.25)

Taxor:r

pexuM

HocHT

Ha3BaHHe

pexuMa

c

HopManbHbrM BbrxoAoM

H

s

6onr-

ruHHcTBe

cnyqaeB nprlHur{aercfl

ttpH

pacqere

typ6uHu KaK onrr{Ma.nrnuft.

llptt

3TOM npeAnoJlaraeTcff,

rrTO

OTCyTCTBHe

r{HpKyAff(r{fi

nOTOKa

Ha BbrXOAe

ynyquaeT

24

Pnc.

II.4.

K

ssasMoAeUii:3.UT#Uc

pa6o'ruu KorlecoM

B

KoB-

Ec.nu

He

yrruTbrBarb

rrorepb

B rroroKe,

npoHcxoAsIII,Hx

or

Bq3Koro

rpeHHs

npH

ABr{xeHHH

BoAbt no

fioBepxHocru

KoBura,

To

tgL

:

u)2.

TorAa

Hg

IIJIaHoB

cKopocreft

Ha BxoAe

(toura /) u nrrxo4e

(touxa 2) c.ne.uyer,

qro

(D1:

0t-

Ul

tI)2u

-

(cjlCOS

92'

Kpyroeoe ABHIKeHHe

KoBrrra

ga

uanuft

upoMell(yroK

BpeMeHH_

Ittox(Ho

paccMa-

Tpr{Barb KaK

fiocrynareJrbHoe

ABHx(eHHe

flperpaAbI

aHaJlorHqHofi

Qopltu

B HaIIpaB-

.rr^esuH

octr

u. flpH atom

nepenocHbre

cKopocryl

ut

:

ttz

:

u. TorAa

Bce

BbIBoAbI

o<

LO

T

t

rl

I

Puc.

II.3.

fflasur

cxopocreri

Ha BbrxoAe

rroroKa

rs

pa6oqero

KOJIECA

n. I uoxno flonuocrbto

ornecrr{

K

gToMy

cryqap

u,

cAeJraB B Bbrpa)Kennu (II.14)

coorBercrBylolque

3aMeubr,

flonyquTb

cnny sogAeftctsnff

crpyu Ha KoBrrr, Morr{-

Hocrb

ryp6nnu

u

K. ir.

A.:

Pu:

-pQ

[(ur

-

u)

cos

F,

-

(o,

u)]:

pQ

(u,

-

u)

(l

-cos

Bj;

(1I.26)

ff

:

pQ

(o,

-

u)

(l

-

cos

pr)

a;

(11.27)

flpr.t

npeo6pagoeanula

aneprur.r

B

peanbnbrx ycdloBr{fix

Heus6exnbr

fioreprr

Ha

Bff3KOe TpeHI{e

B

CTpye H Ha

rroBepxHocTH

KoBura,.Ha

yAap

nph BxoAe

u BbrxoAe

crpyY,_ Ha

3aBHXpeHHfl.

Hx

uoxHo

npeAcraBlrrb KaK

HeKoropyro

AoJrro

3Hep-

tnu A.h-, Koropyp

Mox(Ho

Bblpasr4Tb

us

ypasueuun

EepHyilrrr

s ornocr.rreJrbHoM

,4BHX(CHHI{:

,.'2 ,,2 ..,2 ,,2

Pr*

p

+

-

p

t

:

Pz* e

+

-

o]

+

m,.

otcpAa, ecJIH

yqecTb,

rITO

SAeCb

TaKXe

pt:

pz: p^

LI ttr: u2, flonyql4lyl

.^2 ..,2'

Lh,-#,

orKy[a

orHocHreJrbHaff

cKooo.].

"u

""yu

u)2

-

t,

l/

|

-

'r-.-:o'

-

ar1lG

f,

,

I'

ai

rAe

E

:

*#-

xoe{QnuueHr

norepb

B orHocHreJIbHoM

ABHxeHLIH.

IIpn

B

+

180'

@zu:

cc,l

cos

Frl/T4

:

(u:

-

a)

cos

Brl/T

-

fu

.

YqHrHeas

3ro

B Bbrpa)Keur.rflx (II.26)-(II.28),

noryrruM:

Pu:

pQ

(ur

-

u)

(1.-

cos

Fr{l

-

E);

N:

pQ (o,

-

q

0

-cos

p,

Vt

-E,)

";

n

-

@t-q(-cosFrly't-'s,

)u

tt"

-

.

Maxcnuyr't

*.

n.

r._

rvo)Kuo

onpe.AeJrHTb,

ecd.rn LrccJreAoBarb Bbrpax(exue

(II.3l)

Ha

3Kcrpe['IyM

no

u. HccneAoBaHHe

[oKa3uBaer,

qro

onrtrMaJlbuag cKopocrb r{

MaKcr.rilraJlrnrrfi

K.

n.

A.

e

o6uel{

cnyqae paBubr:

u-$'

I

-cos

Frl/

|

-8,

'

n.'.*_oi(r-cos.F,y'r-il).

(lI.J2)

2gH

flpu

Fz

:

l80o

r.r

orcyrcrBnu

rrorepb

vs

(II.3l)

noflyrruM

B ryp6uue

KoBIu

ABHlKercE

tro

KpyroBoft

rpaexropnu,

rrpri

3ToM coorHorrreHr4e

AHaMerpoB

crpyu

n pa6o,rero

KoJreca

HNreer

cyqecreeHnoe

3HaqeHHe.

B atlrx

ycnoBnrrx

Bbrpa)KeHnfl

Anfl

Pu,

N N

q"

rpe6ytor

yrorrneHuff.

26

flpu

xpyroBoM

ABHlKeHun

raxAuft

aneru€ntapnsrfi

c.rlofi

B

crpfe:

(plrc.

II.4,

6)

BcTpeqaer

KoBLI

Ha oKpy]Knocrl4

paAuycoM.

Rl:

Rr

f

'r:'A?-li-:

pnaccroflIlHe

or

aToro

cJlon

Ao

ocll

cTpyl{,

*u.uranunofi

x'oxpyxnocTl4

paAuyca

R

1:D112,

Vcnnue

14 MorqHocrb,

c KoropbrMr4

crpyff

4eftcrnyei

I{j

AB-ll{yuluitcnlo

rpyronofi

rpaeKropull

KSBIII,

MolKHo

n5rpaeurl

u3

ypaBHenraft

(II.29) s

(II'30),

ecnn

nx

npol{HTefpHpoBaTb

no

BceMy

ceqeHHlo

cTpyH:

dPu-

:

p

(1

-

cos

prllT-E,)_'| (r'

-

ut)a1dF;

Jr

:

J

u, d.Pu:J

p (ar-

u)

(l

-

cos

Br{t

_E')

u,rrdF

-

:

pot(t

-

cos

Pr{T-'8,)

!

(oru,-

u2,)

dF,

rAe

a, dF

:

dQ

-

sJleMel{tapuufi

pacxo4;

dF

:

b

dr

-

rJIoIqaAb

cer{eHl'Itl

3JreMeHTapHOro

cJrofli

ut

:

oRi

-

oKpyx(Hag

cKopocTb,

cooTBeTcTByIOUafi

AaH-

HOMy

gJIeMeHTapHoMy

CJIOIO.

| ^

"-"il"lr..

fi.+',;-&.Ay*,

uto

R;

=

Rr

-

r0 cos

d,-\t-:

PJEt.-

ro-cosa)'

rAe

r0

-

paAr.ryc ceqeHuff

crpyfi,

a_H3

rpeyforrbnllKoB

BCD

u }BD

(puc.II.4,

e\,

*o ir:

^dl

siir

a u dl

:

r;'da.

BcneActeue

MaJIocrH

ytna da

Mox(Ho

cqllTarb'

.Iro

sin d.q.

N

d.o.

*t

dF

:2ro

sin2

a dn-

floActaenns

gTH

3HaqeHLIf

s BeAfl

HHTerpHpoBaHHe

nJIoIqaAH

cTpyu

no

qeH'

tianrHornry

yrny cr ot

0

Ao

fi,

a raKxe

yr{HTblBafl'

qro

ffr

16nt

J

sin'ct

cos"

a-ad:

V

t

,0

nonyquM

AJIfl

cH,IIbI

BbIpa)KeHI{e,

aHaJIorHqHoe

(II'29):

Pu:

pQ(or

-u)

(t-cosP"l[TA{"),

a

Ailn

MoulHocrH

ff

:

pQ

(

t

-

cosP,

[t=5

[tr,

-

u)

u

-+

(;:

)'

"'f

'

Ecnu

o6ogHaqntt

roiRl:

Ks, To

//:

PQ(t

-cos

Prl/l

-'E)

t(rr-

u)u-O,2lrc2suzl

Bupaxeuue

(II.36)

orrluqaercn

or

(II.30)

.a,ono.nHHrerIbHbIM

un."9y_?

KBaApar'

sux

cro6rax,

H3

qefo

caeAyer'

I{To

Molq}Iocrb

H

K' II'

A'

B

KoBllloeoft

typ6nue

3aBHcflT

or

lco.

Aeftctenteflbno'

Ir:

(l

-

cos

Frt'

t

-E,

i(r,

-

u)

u

-0,25rciu21

(il.37)

(11.33)

(l

I.34)

JI

'U

|

"

,

fl

f

o

----. r-.

I

sin"

a clq.:

T; I

sin2

ct cos

a

dq

:

oi

JZJ

d0

(II.2e)

(il.31)

(II.35)

(u.36)

q

-___'

-l

-2gH-"

a oIITHr{aJIbHaf

cKopocTb

qTo

cJIeAyeT

LI3

ycJIOBHfi

Il^^r:

2

+

0,5t€o

a

l9i-

u)

u

-o,zsnluzl

:

or

2uon

-

0,Sriaon"

:

0.

27

Ec'ttn

eeectH

|l@-q*ent-

rf

:

u/a

H

Bbrpa3nrb

qepes

Hanop

a6co.urorHyro

cKopocrb

o:qV2gH,

r.qe g-cKopocrgoft

xoeffir.ru*u*r,

ro

,

[poreqKfi

TpyAHo

onpeAeJruTb,

tr r4x

o6n.rHo

He

yquTbrBaror.

B paruanbuo-

oceqblx ryp6u,q_ax

oHH_onpe,qeJrslorcfl pacqeroM,

a rrorepr{

gHeppHH

yqfiTbrBarorcff

no

Qoprvryne

(II.41).

3asopu BcerAa

crpeMffrcrr

BbrnoJrHHTb

Bo3Mo)r(Ho

MaJrbrMH.

K

tpemeft

rpynfle

ornocflT norepl{

Ha

MexaHnqecKoe

rpeHr4e

B noAunnH}rKe

ryp6nnu

r

qacrb

florepb

(o6uuuo

noJroBHHy)

e nare

arperata.

3rH norepu

oue-

HHBATOTCfl

MEXAHI,IqCCKI,IM

K. II.

A.

u

:

+qV

2sH;

uont:

tpor"g

|/W

:

oTKyAa

orrTr{MaJrbHoe

3HaqerrHe

llr

Yonr

-

tl

offi

4.

noTEPH

Lr

KO9OOHL{trEHTbl

noJrE3HO|O

AEfiCTBtrfl

B

THApOTypEHHAX

to

"'#'*1',."I:::

g:,j

: :f:yr: ^l:li 11{:I"1"

H

a

r

p y

r rr

br.

K

n e

p

e

ori

r

p

yn

ne

f i?:::-Hp_1^1::.^y:_""*p',Bo3'HKarorqae"";;'.'*;;;;;;ffi

';Ji&;:

5XX*"-"""::::Tr"-o*:llt;';"d;;';;:;ffi

";i"!i,"ffi"o"dJ-T#""'J;#*?

l:l?H"":i::::..:-:j,:':."unpi"i",,u;;;-;;;;"i;#ffi:H"#i#"::

c

o6pasoea'HeM

nnxperi

B

roroKe,

nbr.p*

B

orcacbrB.;,i;;;p#J:j?.*JH$;

7,h

95

1r:

r,u,e

//- Morrtuocrb

ryp6unn;

Aff"

-

ft

C

Lh*-

MoulHocrb,

3arpaqeuuaff

Ha

npeoAo.IIeHHe

MexaHuqecKoro rpeH_r{fi,

npgrreM Lh"-

qacrb

Hafiopa, 3arpa-

qeHHafl

Ha MexaHr{qecKoe

rpeHue. Otcro,qa

-t

Lhu

_,

-_T

(rr.38)

(rr.3e)

N

flpn

yae'n'qeH'I4

AHaMeTpa

crpyl{,

a

cneAoBareJlbHo,

H rc'

Bbrrrre

Aorrycr'Mbtx

HopM'

oIIpeAeneHHbIx

fipaKtwxoir.,

rIoTepH

B

KoBrrre

Haglruaror

pacrg.

Boo6rqe

K'

II'

A'

B pear'IbHblx

ycnoBl'IflX

BCerAa

MeHbrrre,

qer{

asr.rficneHHblft

no

Qop-

Myne (II'37),

otpaxatouleft

JIHIIIb

HecoBeplileHcrBo

npeo6paso

Ba1vrfl,

aHeprHH

Ha

KoBIue'

Ha

npaKTHKe

6o.nruroe

3Haqeur.Ie

r{Meror

ycd,IoBng

BxoAa

H

BbIxoAa

IIoroKa'

Ctpya

He

AoiI]I(Ha

llonaAarb

Ha

Tbrnbnyro

fioBepxuocrb

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uprr

BbIXO'4'e'

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KaK

3TO

TIpHBOA-IIT

K

BO3HpTKHoBeHHTO

BcTpetrHofo

r.rMnyJrbca

cr{Jrbi.

O6sFIHo

nplIHHMarcT

Fz

:

170",

aTblnbnylo

floBepxnocrb

orrepqr4Baror

rax,

uro6bl

oHa

He

KacaJlacb

cTpyn

[pr4

ABH]KeHr{a

KoBrua.

H

-

Lh,.

rl":

--E-

(rr.43)

(1I.44)

(II.46)

B

4eftcteyrolqeM

arperare

srfi norepa Moryr

6urn

onpeAeJregbr

tro

BpeMeHH

arr6era poropa

arperara.

_

K

,Iereeprofi

rpyrlue

ornocsrcr rlorepu,

Bo3Hr.rKaurIHe

npn

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6o'{ux

rroBepxsocreft

ro.neca

ryp6aHbr B

BoAe

(oenrannqgoggbre

rrorepu

B Typ-

6aHe

eer.IAy

Hx

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He

yquTbrBarotcr).

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K. n.

A.

LHCKOBOTO

TpeHHff

M-AI/E

'

Affs

ls:--fv--:

r

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I{utf ?+uva'.vnix aua^n",,

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ria

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Ii3

Typ-

6r.rHrr.

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arux

norepb

B

paAuaJrbHo_

oceeorl

rnAporyp6uHe

[40

]'

npeacraBrren

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pfic.

LL.b.

urIeHHBarOTCfi

3Tr{

norep14

fvLpaB_

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r(.

n.

A.

r4e

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-

cyMMa

Bcex

rr,IApaBJIrzqecKHx

no_

repb.

Ko

eropoft

rpynfie

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o6teuHue

rIoTepH,

BO3HHKarouIHe

IIpH

[poTeqKax

qepe3

3a3opbr

B

yIIJrorHeEHflx

paAHaJIbHO-OCeBbrX

typ6aH..E

qep€

3a3opbr

rve)K[]

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xanaeport.

H

KopnycoM

pa6ouero

KoJreca

B

noBoporuoJrorracrublx

ryp6ranax.

Ec,rn

npuHffTb,

qro

rrporevxn

AQ

ffBJrfirorcfl

noJr-

HOCTbTO

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ilHufr

pacxoAoM,

ro

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rI.

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rt,-5A9:

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(II.4l)

rAe

A//A

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Q

Lho-

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npn BparrleHur{

yKa3annbrx

noBepxHocrefi

a

BoAe,,

ilpfiqeM Lho-

qacrb

Hafiopa,

3arpaqHBaeMaff Ha npeoAo-

r'ICHHE

CHJIbI

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39

Грановский С.А., Малышев В.М., Орго В.М., Смоляров Л.Г. Конструкции и расчет гидротурбин

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