Грановский С.А., Малышев В.М., Орго В.М., Смоляров Л.Г. Конструкции и расчет гидротурбин
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
9
>
4096),
rotopble
Mox<Ho
ycraHaBnuBarb
Ha
BaJr c
roMorrrbro
eneKrpocBapKr{
6es_noAorpeBa,
He
onacaflcb
Bo3HHKHoBeHHs
BlryrpeuHHx
Hanpflx(egnfi
.
HgeecrHH
H
Apyrne
KoHcrpyKTHBHbre
cuocotiui
3aKpenJrenlrn
o6irH[oBKH
Ha
Baily
-
6ontau[I,
K.III.IHoBbIMu
3aMKaMH
u
r.
.q.
OlnaKo
npaKTnqecKoro
pacnpo-
crpaHeHHff
B oreqecrBeHHolvl
ryp6unocTpoeHl{H
3TH
flplreiubr
He
floJryqHnH
w
3Aecb
He
paccMaTpHBaioTcff.
Ta6.nnr1a
X.3.
Paenrepu
(e
nrrr)
ofunqoarn
Biura
r{g
(xopruaanroaarrrue)
HepxaBepuleft
rurcrosofi
ctan[
DPIDp'l
L1
605_0.5
ozo_$.lf
618_0,4
755_0,5
zzo_gj;f
768_0,4
805:
^. 820-9'?9
-u,,t)
ll---r-
gso
I
gss_o,ule7o:f,;lgl
nur_o,nlrnu
r000
800
6r5
I
100
r rzo:3:i3
r r8-o.5
I
"t
1205_0,6
tzzo_3'.13
l2l8_oj
695
r300
1600
r700
t+zo:3'?3
j
ruos-o,u
razo-f,'!f;
I
rsrs-0,5
|
,nu
l4tg-o,s
I
70(
Puc.
X.6.
o6nuuoaxa
Balra
vg
Hep)r{aBeouefi
axcroeoft
craan
Ha
p^n9-
x.6
norcagana
o6"nuuoBKa
BaJra
ryp6Hu'H3
HeplKaBerorqefi
nHcroeore
crafiH-
O6.[Hqoexa
BaJra
B 3aBIrcHIvIocrH
or efo
Anar{erpa
Mo)Ker
cocroffTb
H3
HecKoflbKnx
ceKropoe
(or
AByx Ao
naru),
coeAHHReMbrx
MelKry
co6ori
flpoAonb-
HbIMH
IIIBAMH
BCTbIK.
Certoprt..o6-nuIloexn
crffrHBalorcfl
Ha
BaJry
xoMyraM]r
lr
gareM
cBapuBarorcfl
Mexry
co6ofi-
Anq
toro
,Ilo6rl
o6ecneqHrb
[JrorHoe
rrpHJreranue
Hx
K
Bany, npn-
Xlllol
3rIeKrposaKreIIKH,
pacnorraraeMbre
B
uraxMarHoM
nopflare (pHc.
X:6).
fj5o1epyeruoe
paccroflHH_e
N{e)KAy
3rreKrposaKrrerKaMH
B
pnAy
H
MexAy
prrAaMH
l/u-'luu
vtu.
Pagivtepsl
o6luIroBKH,
[oKa3aHHoti
ua
plrc.-X.6,,4.rlg
Bar'IoB pa3-
ilnqHbrx
.{HaMerpoB
Aanbr
e
ra6*.
X.3,
rAe
z_ pexoueHAyeMoe
MHHHMaJrbHoe
tlHc,lo
rxBoB;
s
-
ro.nutusa
o6.ruqoBK_H
rrocJre
o6pi6offiu
iana,
s"
-
TonuHHa
Jrucra
3aroroBKr.r
o6ruqoeru;
gnuul
Lr,
L, u
L,
oflpeAeJrflrorcff
npu
KoHcrpyH-
poBaHHH.
300
rsr8-o',
I
r*
1618-0.6
I
-
r^
I705_0,6
rzzo:3'33
rzrs--o.6
I
*u
r805
razo:3'33
Iglg_0.6
t
905_0,6
655_0,5
705_a,E
ozo_f,'
jfi
zzo-9,19
6ffi-o.r
718
--u'ul
6-6
A-A
r800
2005_0,6
rgzo:3,33
I9t8_0.6
I,{auocoyctofi'{aeocrt
o6flr.I[oeru BaJIoB,._
sKcnJryarupyeMbrx
,
na
.ryp6uHax
MHorHx oTer{ecTBeHHbIX rHApo3fleKTpocTaHUHfi
e reqeHHe
AJIHTeJIbHoTo
Bpe}teHH,
B 3Haqnrelnsoft Mepe 3aBHcHT
or.3arprI3HeHHoclH
Bolbr,
cMa3brBarorqefi
in
oxa",
x<Aaroqeft noAIrII{nHHKH,
TBepAbINIH
rlacrnltaulr.
llepeKarbrBaroulHecrr
no
uoeepxi
HOCTLI
TpeHHfl llOfir,ttfinggKa HHOpAHbIe
TeJIa, MaJIo
H3Haur4Bafl
pe3HHy,
cyrqe_
crBeHHo I43HaIIIHBanT
o6JtHUoexy
-
py6aurxy
Baila
ryp6nnsr.
-B
pe3yJrbTaTe
3Tofo
B
Hacrofltlee
BpeMfl norBHJlacb seo6xoAuttlocTb
3aMeHnr
py6arueK
BaJroB
Ha il,rHofux
ryp6r.ruax,
r{Metolqrx
pe3nHoBbre
noAurHnHrlKH.
nan), cocTotulutl
Hg toncrocreHHoro
qIIJIrIHApa,
BHyrpra
Koroporo
,(Jrfl
yBengqe-
HHfr. )KecrKocru
ycraHoBaeHbl
AIlcKH.
Hapyxnuri
llrauerp
6apa6aua-
Bbr[oJr-
Hflercfi paBHbIM
Qaxtnuecxot'ty
(QoptvtyJifipHoMv)
.u,uarurerpy
rofi
qacru
Bana
rvD-
6uuat, Ha
Koropot!,I
HaxoAHTcx py6aurxa.
lloc"ne o6>xatun
py6ausxu
na
6apa6ine
xoMyraMn
oHa noABapHBaercfi
x 6apa6auy
3JreKTpolou
?42,
nocJre
qero
xoMvTbr
rI^,,
ciii4iviiiiOTCii'
iipH sTOivi 3iieKTpOCBapO-.iHbie
iiiBbi Ii 3JieKTpOgaKJ-IenKH
HMeIOT
vMeHhrrleHrrr.tr? nnnrha nr-
fTn-npe
Htnl/'r{rJ, cr flrlrtAn.trrJ/\rirr. atr(qrrru' a(noRn^. -
------ --r-T------
---fJ-^-'---^
"---f"'
vvHqvqrDti
Baercfi
Ao
rpe6yervroti uepre)KoM
ql{cTorbl,
Hapyxsnfi
Anauerp
ee BbrAepx(HBaeTcfl
paBHbrM
Qaxrauecxonry
(Qopr'rynnpnovy)
AaaMerpy
py6auixr.l.
Bo
rds6exaFige
;
paBeH:
w.nn d":'l[D:-W.
v
rmax
'
(X'3)
fAe
T
-
MaKCHMaJIbHOe
AOny-CK_aeMOe.
Hanpff>KeHHe
Ea
KpyqeHHe,
[ptrHHMaeMoe
B HacrofiIrlee
BpeMs
paBHbIM
550 rrc/ctvtz; paHee
npuuurttanucb
r
:
475
11;.c/cnaz
H
AonycKaJrr4cb orKJroHeHHE
or
gToft.BerficuHbr
+10%-
Buyrpennufi
4uauerp
Barra
(e
cu)
flo.nyueuHuft
no
Qopruryne
(X.3)
BnyrpeHnr,lrt
Auaner
BAJIA
OK
IJIfiCTC'I'
ulero
3HaqeHHfi,
noflBJIeHfifi pa3Hocrer{HocrH
py6aruxa
u 6apa6an
fipoBepflroTcfi
Ha
6oh; x
BeJrH-
,rHHe
6oq
npeAtaBJlfltorcfi
BblcoKr.re
rpe6oaaHux.
Bepx
H
Hrr3
o6eux
qacrerl
o6nHuosrH MaDKHDvrorcf
.
YAaneHLIe
arerrpoct.
toqHblx
usob
H
3JreKTpo3aKJre[oK
tr
pou3BoAr,rrcfl
TaKHM
o6pasorrr,
,{to6u
nofiyrruTb
pa3Ae/IKy
rIoA
luBbr I{
orBepcrg fl.
LJtfr
aJreKTpogaK,renoK,
tpe6yervryronpHycTaHonxepy6aI'UKHHanantyp6uurt.
Ban
typ6HHbI nocd'Ie
yAaJIeHlIfl
Ae$exruofi
py6aurKu
rirlare,TbHo
3ariuu{aercfi
or ocrarKoB
rlBoB I{ 3JIeKTpo3aKJIenoK.
Ero nonepxHocrb
3areM-trpoBeprercr
no
AuaMerp_y
n no o6paayrcurerl,.qro6rr
na
ser:r
He
ocraBaJrocb
BbrcrynoB,
Koropbte
MorJrH
6tr
noueruarb ycraHoexe
py6a[rKu.
flnoTsoctb
npudllefaunn py6a[IKH
K BaJIV npoBeprrercfl
npocryKr4BaHueM
ee
Ao
H
[ocr'Ie cBapoqHblx pa6ot.
fa.rree
cJlecapHbrM
cnoco6ona
rxlareJrbHo
3aqH-
trlalorcfl
IITBbI H aJIeKTpo3aKJIenKH
c trpoBepKorl
uonepxHocrrd
no
o6pasyrcrquM
nexa"nrsot?
.rluHeftxofi
H
ura6nouavu no
oKpy>KHocrg. Hsrtlepeuun
Ar{aMerpa
gana
cxo6oirl, KaK
[paBHJIo,
noKagbrBapr,
rrro
KoHycHocTb
H
3JrJrHrITHrIHocrb
py6auxn,
gaAetofi
Ha BaJI,
He npeBbllIIarot
0,05-0,07
uu,
rITo
c,'IeAyer
cr{HTarb
AOIIyCTHMbrM.
3.
BbIEOP
OCHOBHbIX
PA3MEPOB BAJIOB
Paccuorpau
san6o"nee
qacro
Bcrper{atouuitcs,
e [paKTHKe
cnyuafi pacqera
nofleper{Horo
ceqeHufl,
Balra
BeprnKaJrbHofi
rlr4poryp6nnrr,
Te,'ro Koroporo pac-
cqr{TbrBaercfl
KaK TIHJIHH.[pHriecKafl
o6o"touxa,
HcnblTbrBaloillar
coBMecrHoe
Aeft-
cTBHe Kpyr{eHHrI
H
pacrfl}Keuras.
3ror
pacqer
npuMeHrercfl
KaK
A.rrfl
ueabHoKoBa-
HbIX,
TaK H
AJIff
CBapHbrX
BaJrOB. HapyxuHri
4uarvrerp
oana D"
eH6npaercfi no
rpaQuxy pac.
X
-7
e
saeficutvlrvrocrn
or Kpyrffrrlero
MoMeHra M*o H
oKpyrJrfiercff
Ao
6au>raf,rruero
rdeHbrrrefo
HopNraJrbHoro
AnaMerpa.
B orAe.rrbHbrx cryr{aflx,
KorAa
g'to
o6ocHoBaHo
rexHnqecKu
wJtrr 3KoHoMHqecKH,
AonycKaercrr
oKpyrd'reHue Ha-
p_ylKHoro
AlIaMeTpa
BaJIa
Ao
6nnxariurero
6onuurero HopMa.rlbHoro
AHaruerpa.
Kpaeste,
HaHecenHbre
Ha
rpaQHK,
cooTBercrByror pa3rHr{HbrM ypoBHrM
.(o[ycKae-
Illbtx
HanpqxeFlltli
r Ha
KpyqeHHe.
OHH noeeoJlffroT
opHeHTr4poBaTbcfi
npu
nsr6ope
Hapyx(Horo
ALIaNI_erpa
BaIIa
H npu
ueo6xoAunrocrn
H3rvreHHTb
ero
nepBoHarranb-
Hyro
Be"{}rqrrHy.
Kpyrxurrair
MoNreHr
B Krc.cM
onpeAeJrffercfl
uo
Qopuyne
M*p:
97
400
!-,
(x.21
r,u,e ^tV
-
MorllHocrb,
fiepeAaBaerlraff
Bar'rolvr
e
xBt;
/?
-
cKopocrb BDaqeHHg
BaJra.
e o6inug.
302
I-lo.rpaSaxy
puc.
X.7
HaxoAr.rM
uapyxnufi
AHaMerp
.\1Ia
D":
1345
MM,
oKpyrnseM
efo
Ao
6lH-
xariurero
r\reHbruero
HopruanbHoro
aira*.rerpfD"
l'
1300-;:
Aa.nee
seo6xoanr'ro
orpeAqrr'rb
enyr'penHiri
iHaverp
BaJra
no
sopwry,re
(x.3)
d."
-
l/
lB04
-
5'l'13,6j-107'130:
l0S
cM.
"1550
floayrexnuft
euyrpeuHali
Ar.{aMerp
oKpyrnseu
no
ra6.q.
X.4
lo
6nuxafiurero
rreHbr.[efo
3Ha-
ueHxx
d": 1000
uli.
yKasaHHoro
e
ra6r.
X.4.
Pae-
Mepbr
Q.naHuen
BaJra,
KoJrH-
rrecTBo
14 pa3Mepbr
6onroe
Arrfr.
HHX
npr.rBeAeHbr
Ha
pHc.
X.5
vr e
^ra6n.
X.1.
rr
X.2.
B
Ka.rKAoI.,{
KoHKperHoivi
c.jii/-
qae
B
3aBHCHMOCTH
OT
AeIi-
creyrcUefi
Be,THTIHHbI
oceBofo
ycultKfl
H
KpyTsrrlero
MoMeHTa
AOrIyCKaeTCfl
r.r3MeHeHHe
qHcra
6orroe
B
Meubrrryrc
cTopony,
uPYr
erurvl
-E'nurJb
IlpHHflToe
flo
pacr{ery
qucflo
6o;lroe
AoJr]KHo
6urm
Kparuo
r{erbrpeM
HJIHI
r{To
MeHee
x(eJIaTeJIbHo,
AByM.
Iloc,'te
oKoHq
areJlrHoro
irr-
6opa
KoHcrpyKttHH
lr
pasMe-
poB
BaJI,
KOHHqecKHe
fiepexo-
.{br
oT
TeJra
BaJIa
K
dnaguau
H
S.rraHqeebre
coeAHHeHHq
eana
paccrrHTbrBaloTcfl
Ha
IIpoq_
HOCTb.
flpurvrep
eu6opa
ocHOBHhrX
pa3MepoB
BaJra
ryp6r.rnur
3aAauu:
MourHocrb
N
-
:
175^000
.
xBr,
qftcrro
o6oporoe
n.: 125
o6/uuu.
Onpe4elnetr
xDv-
rflul,rft
MoMeHr
no
$oprrryae
(X.2i
"
Mip:g74oo+:
:97
400
l7q.o=oo
:
t25
:
13,6
.
107
xrc
.
crvr.
u
c
ru
/u
JU
orr_r
ro
ff.?,
Psc.
X.7.
3aeacur{ocrb
Hapy)KHoro
,qnaMerpa D" uata
oT Kpyrflrrlero
uolreHra
/VI*o
Ta6lnqa
X.4.
Pcl
BHyrp€HHHx
AHaMerpoB
ds
aa.'roa (a
rnu)
4.
PACqET
BAJIA
HA
IPOI{HOCTb
Pacqet
OnaHqeerlx
coeAHHeHI4Ia
Baila
H
rrepexoAHbrx
or
OfiaHqeB
K
Teny
BaJra
KoHur{ecKHX
VqacrKoB
cocraBJleH
c
yrlerorvr
ycr.rnnn
npeABapI{TeJIbHoro
3aTrra
6o'nton'
I'{sno}KelrHafi
HHx(e
IvIeToAHKa
pacqera
ys*TbrBaer
BJIHffHHe
sroro
ycw.r.rfr.
Ha Ha[pfi]KeHHOe
COCTOffHI4e
BCeX
pacqerHbrx
cetreHHri
p"u"u""o.o
-*aq*reHr{f
E flepexoAHbrx
KoHHqecKHX
yqacTKoB.
Puc.
X.8.
K
pacvety
Bana
Ha^fipoqHocrb:
a-
rpasax
saaacnnocrn
xoe$-
Qnuuenta.
rc,
or
ornorxeHufl
S/i.o;
i
l.i."r'.u
pyr*n
r pacvery
rari-
KH.'
s
-
Qnaueq
Bara
,n
nepexoi'norr
*orno..rnii
yqacroK
or
enaHua
x
Te,Ty
Ba.ra
aelrbrvr
B
sror
pacqeT
Ins
o6ecueqeHr.r,
Bbrx
coeAuHenufi
BaJTa,
,flB"rlfiercfl
co3Aa-
|
3aTtra,
o6ecneqaesrouux
HepacKpbrrne
:x
rro
rofirqeeofi
[JrorrlaAr.r
ax-xouiaxra,
us
6onroa.
flpa
aroM
AJrff
Qnauuerrrx
roptr3oHTaJrbubrx
ruAporyp6nn
Ao"ir>xno
paArrvcoB,Q
u
Ra,
(puc.
X.8).
rrrapn""';fli:;"",:Jffi;i#iT"iTJ,il::T:y
20
C.
A-
fpauoecxufi
oua
450
l*'l*'
600
I
"o
|
'o*
|
,*o
,too
I
u50
560
530
670
710
1200
r250
r400
1450
1500
r550
1600
r650
r
700
l
750
Tadnuua
X.5.
.{onycxaeubte
Harrpsxenxfl
B BaJre
H
Aeranqx
ero
e.lanqegux
coe.quuenufi
.(etalr
IlpnveanevaR
CTAJIb
2600
4800
flo
reny
Bana
Ce.{eaue
nepexoAa
OT
TCJIA
BAJIA
x
QaaHuy
flo pesr6e
450
400
r000
20fc
2800
5000
600
330
250
I 100
2r 00
PacrqxeH{e
c
usru6orvr
Eoar
x
ea.ny
40X
npn
au g
120;
40XOA
npr.r
di2
120
5000 7000
700
*t
2200
**
6200
flo npana-
coaagHori
qacTIl
flo
pesu6e
llo
ropuy
rarixa
Hgru6
Clrqrse
1600
2100
ranra*uo1',
I
-'
l;:er
flprueqaHne.
flpr
[pHHHMaeMoM
t:450
xrc/cvr
AonycKarcTcfl
orKJloHeHsf,
or
yKa-
3aHHbrx
3HaqeHHfi
AonycKaeMHx
'Hanpr)Kennfi
s npeAerax
tOyol-
,
--'
'
d,
-
AlaMerp
3arorogxx
6oata.
t'
flpn
Hanpcx(eggrx
npeABaptTeJrbaoro
3arf,ra
6orroB
os
:
lS00+1g00
rrc/cv!.
Kpyvenue
fIpreeleH-
Hbre Hanpfi-
}KEfIflE
B raxux cfiycaxx
cJleAyer,
H3Menffff
AHaMerp
BHyrpennero
orBepcTrrfr,
BaJIa
H npoBepflff
npH
3ToM
Hanpfi)KeHHfl
KpyceHHff
T
r.r [pr4BeAeHHbre
ono Creu,
,{ro6il
oHH He
BbIITIJIH 3a
[peAe,TbI
Ao[ycKaeMbrx,
nofiyquTr
peKoMeHAyeMrre
3gaqe1114fl
h"*
u rc.
4,,
I.l
r
Plrc.
X.10.
a
I,J
1,4
t.5
t.6
t.7
t,8
fpa$ux
3aBucrrMocrs
xoa$QnunenroB
xr,a
H
t.9
2,0 R6/Rcp
.4r,,
-or
Ro/R.p
1n
*-^.I^1.1-":p-
p
acqera
BaJra.
oc'oeHrre
raH'bre,
rpe6yrouuecfi
K
pacqery
BaJra'r
ero
enanueBbrx
coe4Huesurj
Ha
npoqHocrb:
Mou{Hocrt,
neDe.{aBaeMaR
ealou,
./y'
e xBr
l5b.
lOs
t{nc.rio
o6opor6e
ryp6aHu
B
Mr{Hyry:
HOpMa/rbHOe
nH
Pacqernas
AnHHa
6olra
(4irura
6onra
B
fipe.[era{
oAnoro
Q.naHqa)
/o
a
cM
2.22
2.01
t.94
187,5
326
.
.71,5.loc
.
500.103
.
570.103
|tri
lul
lJJ
I00
7l
'21
17,5
l6
14,5
25
0,7 |
KO-
0,675
.
9,48
.
10,5
.20
2l
2,0
J,0 4,0
h.=+
Puc.
X.9.
fpaQuK
3aBr{cr.rMocru
xoseeurlHeHroB i4
x I,
or orno-
nn hr/h"r:
h*
. -tIpn
orHoureHr.r\
h*:
hrlllrp
or
I
Ao
3 u
otsourelan
K:
R6/R"o
or
1,2
Ao
1,7
nelHuusa
neo6xoanuoro
xrieQevuHenra
3arsra
npH
yKa3aHHoM
HepacKpbr-
THI4
oIIpeAe,Tsercfl_
no
rpaQuxaM
pnc.
X.8, X.9
a X.10.
IIpu
ocraJrbHbrx
3Haqe-
HItflx
oTHo[IeHHft
h*
w
rc
pacrleT
npoH3BoAHTcfi
lro
Qopuy.rarrr
yHnQxunpoBaHnoro
paccera.
B
c;ryuarx,
KorAa rc)
1,7,
ysenuqueaetcr
Aio n
iooreercrBenHo
o*r
n pafione
rrepexoAnoro
cer{egun
0-0.
pl,
uao6opor,
B cryqae,
KorAa
rc
{1,2,
yMeHblr]aeTcs
M
o
H
cooTBeTcTBeHHo
0"r"
B
ceqeHHu 0-0
6yAer 3aHulKeHHblM.
306
OcsoBr{bre
trapa]reTp.br
Arfi
pacqera:
rpyraulr.rrft
MoMeHT
M*p:
97
4oog
:
97
4C^
155'l03
nH
l0
teTF:80,5'106
xrc'cu;
20*
3OT
I
R:otl
[JIOIqa,{b
Te.rla Bata
rr,rorrrdAb
"Hi
ill
"1,:l'r:?)
:
o'zss' too2
(r
-
o'zr2)
:
3'e2'
r0a
cn'2;
Fo:
0,z8bDA
(r
-
"3)
:
o,z8s.roo2
(r
-
o,ozsz)
:4,8.10s
cu2;
MOMeHT
COIIpOTHBJIeHnff
KpyrIeHHIo
Te.'Ia BaJIa
v
p
:
o,tsoo3"
(t
-
"i)
:
0,196.t003
(t
-o,zta)
:
t,4T.l05
cnra;
pyqeHr.rrc
Bana
IIo cerreHr.rrc
...^-.-Ir!ry:rpbr,
snpg4eJrffroulne
fioJroxeHne
BoJroKHa
c
Hyneeori
aeQopnauae
ft ttsrn6a
H
no"{o_
)r(eHr{e
p
aenoAefi
craypoqeri
xoutaxrnoft
peaKrrur{,
cocTaurror:
at:
R
-RA-0,5Xr:77
_
66,5-0,5.18,3:
l,3S
cu;
Dr:
R
-
Ro
-
0,333Xr
:77
-
66,5
-
0,333.i8,3:
4,4
cu;
6=
b' 44
=
-R;;
:
?5,
:
o'lol'
,"rrT"'og:tqnti
'lroueur'
rprxoAflrrrr'rrics
Ha
eAHHHT{y
Arrrrubr
oKpyxnocrr.r
pa4nyca
Rsp
e
ce-
,^
_0,159P".[rc
-
|
-
b
(*r+
X
_
t)l
-
_
0,159.570.r03
[1,53
_
I
_
0.10
(q!1
+
0,945
_
r)l
vo,:0,196D8(r
-rf):0,196.r063
(l
-0,6754)
:
1,8b.l0s
cua;
nno[IaAb
ceqenun
6onta
no
Desa6e
F6
*in
:
O.781demin
:
0.785.9,482:20,5g
cv?l
nnou{a.Eb
ceqeHH.E
6o.ryra
no
nps[acoeaanofi
qacrH
F
6. n:
0,TBSd?n:
0,7gS. 10,52
:
gZ,I
cv2.
OnpeAeneHr.re
Harrpsrxenuft
B
Tene
BaJra:
Hanprr>KeHHs
KpyqeHr.r.fi
_
M*,
g0.5.106
":
*'=
:
147'1ot
:550
rrc/cuz;
Hanp.fi
)KeHr,rs
p
acTs)KeHHt
-
Poc
570.103
o'
:
E
:
aB2.16,
:
145 xrc/cv2;
IIPHBEACHHbIC
HAIIPfi
)KCHI{fl
onp
:
VqW
:
lft@+
+E;&:
lr lo xrc,i',rz.
On
p
eAen
eH-He
-H
a IIp
sxeHE
fi
e
ceqeHuH
0-0.3alaeucr
xoeSSHuHeHroM
K:
lXLlz-(R
-
Ro)l tOO%,
4ax
ealo"
roBoporHorroracrHbrx
ryp6nn rcr:
gT,S%.
flpt
arou
-qot)KHo
co6nrcAartct
ycJroBue
XL
:
1,75(R
-
Ro)
>
R
-
R6+
+.
[.ur
naaoa paAlranbHo-oceBbrx
s
ropnsograntHux
typ6au
(\:
l}}vo)
co6.nrcAaercs
ycnoBne
xt:2(.R-*ul>R-
R6++.
BeAeM
Arfi
Bana
fioBoporHo.fionacTHori
ryp6unrr.
r
Aaltee
O[pe.(eJ'ILIM:
_
6M"
6.14,3.108
_
oa^ ..
uusr:
-F
:
-l?SE-
:
ZdU
xrc/cru2;
-
Po.
570. I
03
oP:f
:ffi:120
rrcTc:ilz;
,:6:
qqq
tr:
: aAF vr,
'
-
W
:
Ts5'
103-
:
435 rrc/cvz;
onp
:
/;;.+EW
:
l/ffi:
e6o
xrcTcru2
HanpE)KeHHe
s
6oJrTax-,4o6aao,rgoe
ycr{nge
sa
6ont
3recr
Pn:3,34'd,f;^rnlarMo.
I_
{EG
-44;;
!1e _cos
a
:
0,997
(crur.
pxc.
X.g,
a).
I
of.(a
i
[4T.sJ6
'
:
-16';1;357-
:2'23
'lo-a
l/cve;
Po:
3,34.9,4g2.2,25.10-4.
i,J5.
12,2.
I}s
:
lll0
xrc.
Cyuuapaoe
ycaJrare
a
6oare
+
0,0945)
n20
HanpxxeHue
[pe4BapHTeJllsoii
garsxKu-
a
ceqena
n
6onra
no pe:s6e,
o6ecneuuearuulee
3a-
'{a'Hoe
HepacKpbrrr.re
Qranua
''o
uflpr{He
x,
orouraa"
"ooiu*"o,
o2:
x^Po"
_
3,1.570.103
_ ror^
"t
--
n^F-
-
lo-mFE-
:
I25o
rrc/cI'lz'
Cp.A"""
3flarreHHe
oceBbrx pacTrrHBaroUHX
Haflps>rieHufi
s
ceqeH
uu
tonrano
pegt6e
n Pa
ql
Llng
o;
:
E;;
::
ioH-
:
l29o
xrcTcv!'
Marcaivra.llaoe
3HageHHe
oceBbrx
pacrrrHBarcurux
Eaflpfixeulrir
B
ceqeHnfl
6oara
no
Dest6e
o"
:
po"(*n+I)
'max
-
-86
^^
+
1,257
(",
*
&f-)
to
:
+
4,251
(o,
*
-!t#),uo
:
r2e0
+
1,2s.zp;.ro+
(r,as
++L)
r2,2.
r03
:
:
1355
rrc/c-rr2.
To"Afl
ut"*eriruuli
Pacrler
-
1A 2 - 1n3 ,.-^ ^--
-
r=ru-
rv
AlL'uM-
+1110:91,1.103
xrc.
Xt:
t,75 (77
-
66,5)
>
zT
_66,5+
$'
Xr
:
18,3
>
t$,7b.
fpa$ux (prc.
X.9)
rocrpoeH
Ann
cnyqafl
rc=-1,48
npu
nepeMerrou
h*:
hr/hgp,
rpa$ar
'(p*g'x'10)
-
A,iIn
c.Ilvr{an
ft,
:
1,6
npri
_nepenre'HoM
rc:
nlTii"rl'-ii;;&"*i't"r"."."nru
r.r. At
Ann
BanoB,
rp_lMeuq,ey6x
e
ragporypddft;;,'"*.ror-,r""eriHylo
3aBHcr.rMocrb
or
rc H h*
'To
ofipe.{eneHue
STHX
xoeeeuuneuroB
rrpH
AplTrilx
suateHurx /c
u
h* io>xuo
npoi{3BoAHTb
uHTep-
TIOJIHPOBAHHEM.
B
paccr{arDnBaeMoM
^frg{Mepg
h*
:
^21116:
l;31
;
rc
:
l,S v Kr
:
gl,5o/0.
fio
rpa$axy
prc.
X.9
H"xoAn,nr
xt:2,i8
o'i,
I
l,g.
4ax
h*:
1,6
Jrp_rpaQaxy
pa'c.
X.S
HaxorHM
xl
.H:2,4
w Ar,n:2,1.
.D.ns
rc:
Go.s/44,s:
j,!0.
n''<r-
at,itti^ii
ilih$"*y'p"c.
xli'o
"u*oAnu
xr.s:2,T
n
-Ar'z:
2;17-
floacsnrunaeu
norpe6uyro
BelnrrHuy
xoaQ$ruueura
sarrra
-.?t4:
firr,r=
#
2,7.:f,,1i
-A-r.,:#Ar,s:
fi_2,17:
1,96.
KosQQnuaerr
ocnonuoft
Hzrpy3Kr{,.
upaxoA,rurer?ca
Ha
6onrsr,.
x:m:
:0,0945
0,5
0.5
20.9.482
-oi
-],Jtfr
CAVqafl.
.308
paBeucrBa
uoAyaeft
y[pyrocrr{
Marepuaaa
6orrroe
n
e,raHuea.
309
MarcsuaarHoe 3HaqeHKe
oceBbrx
nanpRxeuafi
B
npuflacoBassofi
qacru
6orra
.'
Po'(x'+
u)
r
a,zli
(ar+
+)
Mo:
'max:
"4;-
\
-
z
I
-
570'10113'iji:0'0945)
+4,28.2,28.10-"(r,a5+4€)
tz,z.to': lr25 xrc,/civrz.
20'87,1
'
^'--
-
\''--'
2
)'-
Hanpgxernr
cDe3a
f
n aea
XI
RonFo.
o
66,5. 20
.
87,
I
flpneeAennue
Hanprrxenflff
o#o
:
l/
o?i^.+
4{'
:V
tn52
+
4-7002:
1800 xrc/cl,rz.
Ha n_pr)KeH
Hs s
r afi
xax.
PasMep noA x;rrcu
Sr:
(cu. pac.
X.9)
(ris:
dtf
:3-:-4
uu);
.{fiayerp
oKpyx'ocr',
ytczJtue
6oyr^
P6,
1.
OErrlHE
cBEAEHHt
-
Pasee
yKa3blBa"rlocb'
qro
B
raApoTyp6ocTpoeHur{
oco6oe
MecTo
gaHuMaer
6onoruoft
K'flacc
aKTHBHbIx
^typ6uu,
pa6ouue
KoJreca
Kcropbix
aciroJib3yioT
3Hep-
iHh?
IIoroKa'
npeo6pasoBaHHylo
HanpaBJIgiolIIHM
annaparoM
B
wtf,''t".+trtr^^rrttr^
tTpaxrnuecK'
B
Kp,vnHoM
arreproMa[r,HocrpoeHrrr,I
npHMeFrflrorcq
',";;;;'?;;lI:
HbIe
KoBluoBble.
ryp6aHrr.
3ra
typ6HHbI
^ycTaHaBJraBarorcfl
Ha
caMbre
BbrcoK'e
Harropbr,
a's
ooracrr.r
HanopoB
nopffAKa
5oo-oo0
r'r
n
oHH
KOHKypHpyror
c
pa_
IHa.rIbHo-oceBbrMH
typ6ararrla.
-_,np."
au6ope
o6opy4oeaHHfl
nilfr
ycraHoBKr4,
[apaMerDbl
KoroDofi
nonxonqn
.Anfl
ooor4x
KrraccoB
ryp6uH
(peamuenbrx
_-
paauaJrbno-oteerrx
"'u*r""i;;;:
roeuroeux),
IIpoH3BoAHTcs
TexHHKo-3KoHoMuqecrufi
pu"ua",
-nJseorqroq6ft
rlpHHsrb
[paBHJIbHoe
perxenue.
B
sroM_pacqeTe
yr{HTbrBaeTcfi
Bec
H
cTogMocrb
3HeprerHcecKoro
o6opylonaHr4E,
ero
ra6iparur,
el"nur{HHa
3ar,,'ry6neHr.in
3AaHHff
f3C
a pa3Mepbr
6noria,
Has6onruun
eec
i-;udr;;;",
Aera.neri
H
ysnoB
c
roqKu
3peHHs
Bo3MoxHocrI'I
Hx
TpaHc[oprHpoBKH
no
-x(e.rre3nori
aopor'e
n
nepe'oca
cTaHIIHoHHbIM
KpaHoM'
K'
n'
A.
arperaTa
IIPH
pa3JILIqHbIx
Halpy3Kax,
3KcrrJr
yaTa-
rr'o'Hbre
pacxoAbr
H
Ap.
J------'
K
ocHoeHblllt
[peHMyIqecTBaM
xoBrrroBbrx
ryp6nn
c,,reAyer
orHecTH:
l)
euco-
xyrc
eQQeKrHBHocrb
npu
-tlacrlzqHbrx
Harpysrhic
3a
cr{er
BKJrroqeHHn
e pa6ory
HerroJrHofo
rrHcrra
coner;
2)
uo"rrorocrr
pi60ver?
xaparrepucraKr.r;
3)
upbctor!
KoHcrpyKIIHt4,
3HaqHTeJIbHo
MeHbllree
Ko.[HrlecrBo
noABr{xHblx
I43HauI.rBalouluxcfl
SJIeMeHToB,
B
ToM
I{HcJIe
BcJIeAcrBHe
KaBHTauuu;
4)
JlerKocrb
3aMeHbI
gJIeMeHToB
HaIIpaBJlfltoulero-
annapara
n pa6overo
Koneca;
5)'
orcyrcrBHe
cJroxHbrx
ynnoT-
HeHHIl,
flocKoJlbKv
KaMepa
typ6ranrr
HaxoAuTcfl
noA
aTMoceepnnrv
AaBJIeHT{eM;
6)
"nerroe
ocyu{ecrBJlenub
pexleMa
c'HxpoHHofo
KoMneHcaTopa,
TaK
KaK
orcyr-
cTByeT
Heo6xoAutvtocTb
B
oixatsu
BoAbr
H3
KaMepbr
pa6ouero'.bra.r;
T)
orcyr-
c-rB'e'
6naro4apr
Hcno.IIb3oBaHHKr
cIIeqI{aJIbHbrx
cHcTeM,
3aMerHofo
[oBbIIr]eHHfl
IJIH
flOHH)KeHHS
AaBfie:F^prs. B
sJIeMeHTax
ryp6nnbr
H
HanopHofo
tpyoonpouoau
nprr_BH$anHbrx
H3MeHeHHHX
Hafpy3r(H.
C"neAyer,
oAHaKo,
orMeTI4Tb
cJleAyrou{rie
HeAocraTKH
KoBruoBbrx
ryp6nn
no
cpaBHeHfiIo
c paruanbHo-oceBbIMH
typ6raHanrn:
l)
cpaenlril;;;"
rHxoxoA-
Hocrb'
tlTo
yBeraqHBaer
Hx
Bec
n
ctottiutocm
(cyruecrBeHHoe
yBerHr{eHr.re
OarctpS-
xoAHocTH
KoBllroBblx
typ6nir
Ha-
AaHHoNt
3TaIIe
Hx pa3BHTHff
rrpHBgAHT
K
cHr{x(e-
HHIO
K.
n.
A.);
2)
6o.nee-
uvrlr<wft,
qeM
y
paAaaJrbHo_oceBbrx
ryp6r.ru
(npurvrepao
y?-!-2o/o),
rulpaBnfiqecrr4fi
K.
rr.
A.,
qro
MoxHo
orgecrn
3a
cqer
eHcoxorl
cro-
pocTH
cTpyl{'
cHJIbHoro
oTKJIoHeHHfi
ee
Ha
KoJIece
?r
B3aHMHofo
Hapy[rengf
lu-1*""
ctpyft
npa
6onlurotu
rlnc,[e
conen;
3)
eucoxoe
pacfloJro]r(egr.re
pa6ouero
KoJIeca
HaA
HHx{HnM
6leQorrl'
rITo
He
nogBorqer
rroJlHocrbro
HcnoJIb3oBaTb
Hanop.
fio
e,4nsuquot?
uoqHocra
KoBluoBbre
ryp6uunr
3HarrHTerTbHo
orcTaror
or
Da-
orHoureHax
Ha6nrcAaeTcfi
cyruecrubn-
c-rylKurb
rypduua
fOC <Mou-CeHra>
qalee).
rbHo-oceBbrx
typ6un,
pa6oraorrlux
npH
.tJff
HeKOTOpbjx
coBpelreHHbrx
ycTa-
lr
<Htto
Ko,rrefir> e
Ci[A
HMeror
cre-
poroB
B
MrrHyry
180,
roegenqHu",
o'Io5:;J#:t-rsiti.*;.
Tt,
,i,^-,
3u
EHHbI
dp:V
t:Vff:l2,e5cu;
rapyxruli
^{HaMerp
pesr6u
dr:
l0 cM; BHyrpeHHnri4r.rauerp pesr6u
dt:9,48
cu; cpeAssfi
,qxa-
uerp.pesl6u d.p:
9,74
ctr:' uar pesu6u
S
:
0,4
cM;
Bbrcma
rairxu H": 7,8
cM;
qgcno
HlrroK
pesl6ar
H.
7.9
flr:
t:ffi:19,5;
Bblcora
npoQr;rr
pesr6u
l: 0,64955
:
0,6495.0,4:
0,216
cu.
PacqetHoe
ycr{nne
ppacr
:
eu
le
--!e-:
el,
I
.
to"
t?f9
-
?
l-*
:
61,s.
lOs xrc.
-
"
sr
-
d.p
-
14,5
-9,74
TagrenqnalbHbre
HanDrrxeHr,tfl
'
P--
6t:
Kt=#t.
,rr
3aecr
rcr
onpeAsrseM
no rpaQury
pnc.
X.9;
npn
jt:
*g:
r,4e; rc,
:
r,23.
dcP
9.74
-'-'' 'L
Toraa
ot
:
t,2s
6l
'!:lo3
:
l24o xrc/c.nz.
IX4
Hanpnxenlrfl
cMtTrrfl
topua
raftxn
oa:
----ft
'-:
= === ?lil;,10t,, ==,
:
1380
xrc/cruz.
0,785 (s?
-
d3)
0,785
(14'52-1t,22)
e
pesr6e
rafixu:
-
0,9P6
0,9'91,I.103
ou3r:
ffi: ffi:
1050
rrc./otz;
-
0,318P6
0,318.91,1'103
ocu:ffi:ffi:710
xrc/otz;
r:
0.1lqP6
_
0,318-91,1. 103
fl
r[1,
Kpoue
pacqera
BaJra
Ha
npoqnccrb npoEoAuTcfi
onpeAeneHne
HH.fl
poTopa
rH.[poarperara
c
yr{EToM
KpyrHnbHbrx
H nonepeqHbLx
UnHcaHHe
cnoccdoe pacq€Ta,
cccrE€TcrE)Kr[He HoMorpaMMbr
s
pa6me
[l].
Hanprxenux
seru6a
CMflTI{.fi
cpe3a
14,5 cr'r;
.qnaMerp
ds:
ll
,2
cn
--',,ti
no roropoft npr,rnolKeHo
oceeoe
'
*
xprrxvecxoft
sacrorhr
Bparqe
xoae6asuri.
H
npHMep
pacr{eTa
npHBeAeHE{
(QHpua
<@orio,
t999:.); paAuarrbHo-oc-eBbre
ryp6nHu <HHrypn>
f3c e
cccp
HMeior
MorrlHocrb
265 000
xBt,
uanop
404
u,_-ul.r.c"no
o6opotoa
e
Hu.rHyry
2b0,
xoaQQaquenr
6ucrpoxo4Hocrr.r
108,
x.
n.
A.
93o/o (Xapixoecrnft
typO""""iri
saBoA,
1970
r.).
l4s
ryp6uH, HcnoJIb3yIogLIzI
6o.nee
BbrcoKr4e
Hanopbr,
Mox(Ho
cpaBHHTb
pa-
AuanbHo-oceBbre
ryp6uHu
fOC
<@eppepa)
(flIeeftqapnq)
HMerciltHe
MoqHocrb
AnaJrbnu-ur-uubre
typutlnbr^le\-
(weppepa)
(LuBeHI{apHfl,)
HMercillHe
MO4HOCTb
72
100
rBr
npusanope
522
v^n^:."..{.
o6oporos
7b0
e MHHyry,
xoa$Qnurenr
6ucrpoxo4Hocrr.r
60,I.n.
Ar
92,80/o
(Qupua-<3uep-Buccu,
igbg
r.),
c
KoBruo_
PA3HbIX
TfiNOB
IIOATBCP)KAACT
TOT BbtBOA,
qTO
OCHOBHbIM
IIPCHMYIIICCTBOM
KOBIIIO-
noix
ryp6l'IH
Mo)Ker
ffBJIfiTbcfi
lTHrIIb
IroBbrrileHuafi
e$$exruenocrn
nx pa6orrr
EpH
qacrHrlHblx
Harpy3Kax,
ocraJlbHbre
noKa3aTe,rz
6y4yr
B
IroJIb3y
paAgar'IbHo-
oceBbrx
rvo6r,rs.
r.r.PHFeAeM
xaPaKTepHcTHKH
HeKOTOpbIX
COBpeMeHHbrx
KOBITIOBbTX
ryp6nu.
I -
KpynHeliuas
B Mllpe
BeprHKaJIbHafi
oAHoKoJrecHafi
flrecrucofieJrbHas
KoB-
rsoBafi r^v_y6wry7
AHaMerpoM
4,0
M, Morrlnocrbro
208,b
MBr.
Cxopocrt
ee Bpa_
rrlegr4fl
375
o6lr'ann.
_Pa6oraer
rrpu
Hanope
868,b
M Ha
rHApocraHuHH
oMoH_
Ceer>
no, @paHuHra.
I,IgroroeneHa
Qraprtroli
<Herlpnr.rK),
roA
nycra
196g.
o T:^^,,^^
2- SJIEMEHTbI
NPOTOTIHOfi
TIACTH
P a6o
q
ee
KoJr
ocHoenofi
uau6onee
orBercrBeHHufi
opraH
Typ-
6uns. Ero teopetuvecxofi,
3KcnepaMesra.nruoli
H
KoHcrpyxruenoft
orpa6oire
yAeJltercfl
nau6oniluee
BHHMaHHe-
I-ipex4e
Bcefo
3To ornocuTcff
K 3JreMeHTy
pa6ouero
KoJIeca
-
KoBIuy;
ero
JII{qeBori
n
mrnruorl
cropouaM,
ceqeuunru
npo-
Quna,
pa3AeJIIrreJIbHoMy
HolKy,
efo Bbrxolnofi
KpoMKe H
Bbrp$y,
BxoAHbrM
r{
BbrxoAHbrM
yrJraM,
_HaKJroHy
.nonacrefi,
nx
rrHcfiy
H
Apyfr4M
napaMeTpaM.
nnn
ryp6unrt
Aausoft
6ttcrpoxoAHocrn
yKa3aHHbre
sJreMenTbr
d'ronacrn
noABeprarorcfl
BCeCTOpOHHHIVI
HCCd'IeAOBaHIlflM
B
[eJIflX
g,OayqeHHfi
BbTCOKO|O
K. rI.
A.
npH
OTHO-
cHTeJIbHo
MaJIbIX,ra6apnrax.
I1t
pr".
XI.1
noxa3aH
qepre)K
Jronacrn
pa6o,lero
KoJreca
rHna
K
461
ryp6nHn
Tareecxori
f3C.
B
saeucfiMocrH
ot 6rtctpoxoAHocru
typ6nHu
H npuHflroro
ornorueHLrfl
+
(d."
-
AuaMerp_orBepcrnfl
con.na)
npuMeHrror
ry H/rH HHyro
KoucrpyKuHro pa6o-
qero
KoJIeca.
CrpeltneHue
K
yBeJIHqeHHro
6ucrpoxo4Hocrr4
KoBrrroBbrx
ryp6an,
floflyceHHrc
HaHryqunx
rHApaBflLrqecKHx
xapaKTepacrHK
a neo6xoArlrvrolt
npoq-
lrocrH
pa6ouero
K_o-JIeca
npHBe,To
K
npHMeHeHHrc
KoJrec 6eg uexasuqecKoro
Kpen-
iLeflHfl.
xosuefi.
Koncrpyxunx
Ko,[eca
c
NrexaHHqecKHM
KpendTeHHeM
He
Aaer
Bo3lrtoxHocru
nofiyr{arb
HauBbrfoAsefiurue
coorHo[reHun
D'rld"
oco6enuo npn
sHcoroft
6utcrpoxoAuocru.
floatony
3a nocJreAHue
roAbr 6onturrucrBo
HHocrpaH-
nrrx
Quprw
npHMeHrer
rlenbuoJrHTbre
pa6oune
KoJreca,
orJruTbre ua xpovurcrofi
HepxaBeroqeft
cranu
(coaepxaHue
xporvra
lTo/o).
Hexoropue
Qnpurr
asr6Hparor
cBapHble pa6ouHe
KoJIeca.
Taxuu
o6paeou,
ucnoJrb3yrorcr
cr'reAyrorque
KoHcrpyK-
3t2
qau
pa6ouux
KoJrec:
a) cocraegoe
c KperrJregr{eM
KoBruefi
sa
6onrax;
6)
ueJrbno-
JIHToe;
B)
uenruocBapHoe.
ttUq..
X
L2
npeicraBJleuo_qe,'IbHocBapHoe
pa6oqee
Kofieco
ryp6HHrr
Taten-
cxoft
f3C,
H3roroBd'Ienuoe
ua
"llM3.
3ro
xbneco
uiureet 20
xoeuer?,
r{To
B
corie-
TaHfiU
C
UCCTUCOIJIOBbIM
Han
paBJIff
IO_I[I{M
anna
paTOIvI
COOTBQTCTB yeT
HaH,rIyqruI4M
efo rHApaBfiHrrecxurnr
KaqecTBaM.
OrnuerH
gunorHqrctcg
Hg
Hepxaeerc1qer?
cralrvt
no
MeTaJIJIHTIecKHM
MoAeJrrM
H
gareM
c
6o.ururofi
rrrlaTeJrbgocrbro
o6pa6atav
Balorcfl
Ha
cTaHKax
no
c[euHaJIbHbIM
rua6nonarur - 6naronanrr
EreMV
rncri""o."o
xoAHMafl
TotIHocrb
IIoBepxHocru
KoBua.
Xsocroerirr,r
xoerueft
nirorgo
fipHroHnrcTcfl
APyr
K
Apyry,
co6uparctcff
Me)KAy co6ofi
u c o6oAaMu
Lt
3areM
cBapHBalorcff
IIo
c[eIIHaJIbHo
paapa6oraHsori
TexHoJrorr4u.
BoguoxHbr
H
Apyrge
KoHc-rpyKTHBHbIe
BapHaHTbI
[pHBapKa
xoeuefi
x o6oAau,
npeAJro>KeHHbre
KaK
Ha
"rIM3.
TaK H HHocTDaHHtrvH rban-
Ha
,IIM3,
H
HHocrpaHHtruu
Qnp-
MaMH.
floc"ne
oKoHqareJrrsoir
o6oa6oi-
xn pa6ouee
KoJreco
AoJrlKHo
6nrl cta-
THqecKH
or6anascuDoBaHo
c
6onruoft
roqHocrbro.
llp,
sircoxux
cKopocrnx
BPauesus
ryp6nHn
rpe6yercn
raK>Ke
AHHaMHqecxas,
6anarcHpoBKa.
Pnc. XI.l. .r'Ionac'rr
pa6ouero
Koneca
ryp6ausr
Pnc. XI.2.
Koucrpyruug
lleJrbHocBapHoro
Tareecrofi
l3C
pa6overo
Koneca
ryp6aHu Tareecxoft
l3C
H a
n
p
a B
JI
fl
ro Iq.E fi a n tr a
p
a
r
KoBruoBblx
ryp6ran
r.IMeer
Qopr'ry
co[Jla c nepeMeqarcuefics
BHyrpH Hr.roft, ruerculeft
npoQunupoeaHFrurfi
HacaAoK,
xoropurt
BbrnoJrHffet
QyHrura?r
peryJrr.rpoBarrufl
pacxoAa u
Qopur.rpoBaHHfi
cTpyH;
B sanacuMocrr.r
or 6ucrpoxoAHocrn H KoHcrpyKrI,tBHofo
rntra
ryp6unsr
(ropH-
3oHTaJIbHafl,
HIIH BepraKaJlbuan)
nputvreHflror
pa3flHr{Hoe
l{uc.rlo
cone.rl Ha
pa6oueu
KoJIece.
B
roprasouianrurrx
ryp6rinax
qucilo
coneJl
zc: l-2,
^taK
KaK yBeJrH-
r{eHHe
KoJII{qecTBa
coneJl
ycJlox(HfleT
IroABoA
BoAbr
K KOJIeCy,
ttTo
Be,u,eT K
noBbrIIJe-
HHro
rr.IApaBJruqecKr.rx
norepb.
!,.nn
conper{eHHbrx
BepruKaJlbuux
ryp6uu,
KaK
rIpaBHJIo,
zc
:
3-:-6. Hapr6oJlbuee
pacnpocrpaHeHHe npno6peraror
rrrecrHco[Jro-
eue
ryp6uHrt,
oco6enHo
raM,
FAe npeAyclrarpHBaetcx
pa6ora
npH
qacrr4qHbrx
Harpy3Kax
c
BKJIIoqeHHeM HenoJrHoro
qHcra
coIreJI,
r{To
Aaer
irssectHHir
BbrHrpbIIrI
B K. n.
r.
ilocpaBHeHHn
caKcfiJrya'rauneft ryp6ngnr flpfi
qacrlzqubrx
Hafpy3Kax
3a
CqeT CHHX(eHHfi pacXOAa
HA KaIKAOM COtI.r-I€.
B
xaxror'r
orAeJrbHoM cJryqae npoBoAflTca
nolpo6nble
Hcc,reAoBaHuff
BJrHfl,Hur.
npo0riax
coneJr
H HacaAKoB Ha K. u.
a.
typ6nsn.
LlccneAyrorcfl
!r
Apyrrae
ceori-
crBa
HanpaBJlffrolqero
afinapaTa: BeJrHqHHa oceBofo
ycunrufl,
rpe6yervroro
AJIff
IlepeMeueHHff
HfJrbr, ,lr.rHerlHocTb H3r\reHeHHfi
pacxoAa npn nepeMerqeHHflx
HfJrbr
U n"IaBHOCTb
H3MeHeHHfl
OCeBOIO
lCll.fiHff,
OTCyTCTBHe
pacceaBaHuff
n UHrep$e-
peHIIHI{
crpyfi,
a
raK>Ke MaKcHMaJrbHafi
npofiycKHafi
cnoco6socrb Ha nporff}Ke-
HHH
Bcero
xoaa I{fJIbI.
3gaqure,{bHoe
B.rIIrflHI,Ie Ha
cHHx<eHHe fnrpaBruqecKllx
norepb
B
cofiJle na6.npAaetcs
B TaK
Ha3brBaeMoft
6ecuroxoeoft xoHcrpyrur,rn
3t3
coneJr. }ra
conla
Ha3brBarcTcff TaK)I(e
npfiMoroqnblMll,
nocKoJlbKy
rloroK
B HHx
He HMeer
noBopora
npu o6rexannr.r
Ka[cyJIbI
co IIrroKoM,
KaK 9To
l{Meer Mecro
B
ruroKoBblx
KoHcrpyKqntx.
Ha
psc. XI.3
npeacraBJrena
KoncrpyKqun
ryp6uHsI,
lluercuteft
conJla
co
ruroKoM, npoxoAsug,IM
rlep€
noABoAfiIllylo
tpy6y
(rutoxoean_ KoncrPyrUux).
PHc.
XL3.
fopasontaarnar ryp6nna
co
rrrroKaMa
fiFJI, npoxoAtlulllMll
qepe3
*oru*.o
cotreJr,
Ha
puc. XI.4
noKa3ano
fipflivroroqHoe
cottJlo
c BHyTpeHHHM
THApaBJII{qecKLIM
trpl{--
B9AOM
KoHcTpyK(uH
.[M3.
flparvrmoqHble
conJla MOryT
LIMeTb TaK>Ke
cMeUaHHbIIf
rtrApaBJrr{qecKu-npyxlrssurt
ttpHBoA
vr]IH
IIpHBoA c
BHetuHHM cepBoMoropoM.
I4cc,ileAoea1vfr
noKagbIBaIoT,
qTo
pa3MeqeHI,Ie
MexaHH3Ma IIepeMeuIeHHa
Hrnbr
BHyTpH
COrrJra
oKa3brBaeT
HeKoTopoe
BJIHSHHe
Ha pacxoAHylo xapaKTep!{-
Puc.
XI.4.
flPruotov-
HOe
COIIno
c
THApaBJIH'
qCCKI'IM
NPI,TBOAOM
(KOH'
crpyxuun
JIM3)
cTHKy conJra
B cTopoHy
cHH11<eHHt
pacxoAa Ha &-40/o
nptt
ToM
)Ke
noJIox(eHHH
ufr,tbr,
qTo
I{ n
urroxoeoft
xonctpyxiuu.
OAHaxo
K.
n.
A.
npglvloToqnofo
coIIJIa
314
(2-3 uu)
cHrllraer
ern
rlorepn'
yryqulaer
lull?i*yo
xapaKrepl{crnKy'
He'
cKoJrbKo
yBeJIHqLIBafl,
oAHaKO,
OceBOe
yCI4nHe
4eftctnyrOulee
Ha
I'IfJIy
(B
trpe-
Aerlax
2-3o/o).
HueeT
raKxe
3HaqeHI4e
Qoptrla
npot
rroKasaHbl
gOnJIa
AByX
npoQlrfiefi:
THne
cKoil
f3C,
lr r:rrna
1/,
npuueHeHHoro
I
ureeAcroft
Srlpurr
KMB.
Cornacno
np(
HMeeT
r'I
yqruHe
SHep
f eT[rreCKI{e
nOKa3aTe
3auesa
cdepliqecKoro
ilpoQHJIfl
HacaAl
Typ6HHbr
npn
tou
)Ke
xoAe
HTJIbI
npI,IMepHo
na
3-5%,
npnueM
ypoBenb
K'
tr'
A'
TVD6HHbI
I{E
I'I3MCHflCTCff
.
''
flpoeoanJlucb
raK>Ke
HccJIeAoBaHfir
BJIHffHI{f
Ha
x.
II.
A.
Typ6HHbI.
BttseneHo'
qro
npH
r-^^-*,r^ n
(
^"*r\ ^sr,rlr.auLro r{ n- II- Ha He-
\tlupnAAa
wtu
rvrrYr/r
vrrrr'rrv'rrrv
--;;
I.n,frlnLrx nelKHMax MolKeT .[,ocTl4raTb
I
'F
T-
2o/0.
I,lccJreAoeaHHgMI4
ycraHoBJIeHo
raKx(e'
qro
npH
Ma,'IbIX
OTKpbITI'IfiX
HanpaBJIflIOUlefo
afiIla-
plra
ruapaB,rlur{ecKl4e
norepn
6o,nnue,
rreM
npn
z ^ -- ------,
O(fJlbtun^
uIrapDl
r
ntr^.
PaccrvrotprlM
6oree
noApo6uo
KoHcrpyKl\I4Io
urroKe.
klrna
2, coeAHHeHHafi
co IIITOKOII
Ha
pe3b6e,
nepeMelqaeTcfl
Macr'IflHblM
CepBolvloro'
iovr
noctyllareJlbno
B
HanpaBJltlouela
BTy"IKe'
B
xoHcrpyKuul4
conJla
fipeAycMorpeua
c]I-
cTeMa
MacJIffHOft
pa3rpy3KI'I'
yMeHbllrarcIllaf
vcHJIHe. .U,efiCreyrcuee
Ha
Htily
B
cropoHy
itxp"tt"".
3ra
c?IcreMa
pa3rpy3KH
BbItIoJI-
HeHa
raK,
qro
pe3yJlbrupylouee
ycl4Jiire,
Aefi'
crByroqee
Ha
HrJIy,
o6ecneqfieaer
saKpblrae
conJla
npH
noprvra"rrluofi
pa6ore
ryp6uHur
v
r{I{crorbl
noBepxHocrl4
coEeJl
guaqnrenrsofi
HepoxoBarocrl'I
Pnc.
XI.5.
flpoQunl
HrJIbl
tI
HacaAKa
rvp6nsu
Tadeeixort
f3C
(tnn 1)
u
Xiau
f3C-i
xoHctPYrunn
QnPuu
KMB
(rsn
II)
NPH
NAAEHI,TH
AABJICHVfl
B MACJIS'
HOft
CfiCTeMe.
llolso!,
MacJIa
B
coorBercrByloque
IUeCTBJIffeTCfl
qep€
cneIIHaJIbHbIe
orBepc'
B cpeaneft
qacrn
Karrcyilbl:ta
uIToKe
3aK
o6ecneqfinaer
r{epe3
rnry
7
c
poJII'lKotvI
(
BJIeHHbIM
Ha
Koxyxe
'ryp6rEHrr.
r{to(
ctpyfi
Apyr
Ha
APYra,
Ha
KaxAoM
Hacar:
yKpenJleHHble
Ha
c[eIII4aJIbHblx
npHJIHBaX-
' 'Kopnyca
coneJl
3alqguleHbl
TaKxe
SKpaHaMI4
ot
AeftcTeun
crpyfi,
oTKJIoHff-
eMbrx
orceKare,rqN{r.r.
B
KoHrre
xoAa
Hrflbr
Ha
3aKpbITI4e
B
ueJlrx
llpeAyfipex(-
AeHHflfHApaBIHqecKoroyAapaHaKaxq{'oMc,ll,IBHorr,rtpy6onpoBoAeIIpeAycMo.
TpeH
cnequanruttft
APocceJIb.
'
B KoHcrpyKrIHrI
coneJl
c
rgApaBJgcecKu-ilpyxHHHbIM
npHBoAoM
BMecro
Mac,lqHoI?
npHMeHffercs
pa3rpy3Ka
c noltoillbto
npy)KI4HbI'
kIs
cyruectsyrouax
THnoB
pacnpeAe,'IHtelefi
noToKa
Ha
coflJla
noflyr{uflH
pacrpocrpaHeHl{e
ArIfl
MHofoconJloBblx
BepruKaJIbHbtx
tV4-11,.-",flr:
,A,yrOrIIHe
rleTblpe
TH[a:
KpyrOBOH,
BeTBHCTbltl,.
OXeaTllBaIOIqHft,
pa3BeTBJIeHHbIH
(psc.
XI.6).
315
,/
r
r\\
r\
IN
,\
\
_l
u0x
r\aK
noKa3a.,r
pflA
Hcc,ryeroBaHHI|B
ra6oparopI4Lr
IIM3,
KaxAbrrl
H3
yKasauHbrx
pacnpeAe.irHre;refi
HMeer
cBoH
npefMyrqecrBa
H HeAOCTaffiA.
Hanpnrr,Iep,
y
oxBa-
lut_u_ul_5afo
pacfipeIeJIHTe.rIfl
B
OTJIllrrHe
oT
KpyfoBofo
orBoAbr
K con.laM
He
JrexaT
B
OAHOH
rraTocKocTH
c
Tpy6onpoBoAoM
pac[peAeJrHTeJrfi,
r{To
AaeT
[orror,rHr4T€Jrb-
Hble IIorepH
Ha
noBopoTax
crpyH.
B
ro
)I{e
BpeMfl
oxBaTbrBaroqgfi
pac[peAeJr6-
Puc.
XI.6.
Tnnu
pacnpe-
,ne"rare.neft: a
-
aetgacttrri,
(ryp6Huur
f3C
Mon-Cenu);
6
-
oxearureanqHri
c
npa-
[oAHqTbrMr.r
con,laMH;
6
-
p23esleneHHrrft
,
(ryp6aHH
Xpau
f3C- I)
;
e
-Kpyro-
noti (ryp6nnsr
Tareecroft
f3c)
Te"IIb
plil'leer
6onee
cBo6oAHbte
pa3r\,repbr
B
fl"rraHe
npu
Tex )Ke ra6apgTax"
r{To
gBfi,qCTCfl
EIO
IIOJIO)KHTC"IIbHbIM
CBOIlCTBOM
Cylrnry
rHApaBdTHr{ecKHX
Ilorepb
B pacnpeAe.flHTeJIe
cocraB,,IflIor
norepg uo
IJIHHe
Ha
npffiubrx
wiIH
cJla6o
HcKpHBneHHbrx
yqacrxax
pacnpeAeJrHTenfr,
H
Mecr-
HbIe
norepli
Ha
Kpyrblx
H3fl'l6ax.
Taxult
o6pasolt,
BeJnrr{HHa
norepb
3aBHcHT
or
KoHcTpyKTHBHblx
Qopnr
pacnpereluTeJlfi.
CreueHs
r,ntrfl,Hrrfr
$oprrrlr
pacnpe-
'4eJiHTe"rIr
Ha
K.
n-
iI'
3aBHcHT
or 6etcrpoxo4Hocru
pa6ouero
KoJreca.
flpa Ha.nn-
.IHH
AocraToqHo 6oniluoro
paccroffHl{n
Me)KAy
ocffMH
arperaroB
N{ox(Ho
Aocrr{qb
BbIcoKHx
sHa'IeHHIi
K. n.
,4.
AJIfi
Bcex
TI{noB
pacnpeAeJlnr6.rrerl.
OAsaxo
A,Tfl
3Toro
3t6
Heo6xoALIMo
npoBeAeHI{e
rluareJlbno
rrocraBJreHubrx
Hcc,TeAoBaHHr?
no orpa6orKe
reoMeTpur.I
Ka>KAoro
gJIeNIeHTa
pac[peAeJluTer'rg.
Cre.qyer orMernTb,,qTo
Arfl
TuxoxoAnbrx KoJrec,
lro
AaHHbrM
HcnbrraHuft
Ha IIM3, ryr{uue
p$yJrbraTu
o6ec-
nequBalor
pacnper,eJIHTeJIb
KpyroBoro
Tafla.
!,"rx
6nctpoxoAHbrx-,KoJrec,
HMero-
IqHx
6ofiee
uHpoKHe,'lonacrn,
nucoxaft
K. n.
A. Aoc'THrHyr
Ha pacnpeAe,rrr4TeJre
oxBarblBanlqero
rllna.
Ann
typ6uHrt Tareecxofi
f3C npHHfir
rpyronofi pacilpe-
AeJILITeJIb,
noxagaetrl14rl
n
4aHnofi
r(oHcrpyKrllrH
fiyrlrlrHe
aHeDrerHqecKr4e
KAI{CCTBA.
C
qenrro
yMeHbuIeHLIg
norepb
B pacilpeAedTuTe,Te
r4
fiofiyqeHnfl
KarlecrseHHor:r
crpyu
c
paBHoMepHbtM
floJIeM
cKopocrerl
BxoAnyro
cKopocrb
B
pacnpeAeJrnredrrb
en6raparcr
ire6onluofi,
n
npe4errax
(0,07+-0,08)
l/W
B nocneAgne
foAbl
c
ueJlbro
cnlr)KeHuff
Beca
pacnpeAe,'IuTeJlq,
cocTaBrfltolqero
Ao
40Yo
u6onee
ot
o6uiero
eeca
ryp6HHbr,
Mnorrae r.rssecrHrie
Quprvru
craJru [epe-
Pnc. XI.7.
<Dopurr
MepH.q,r{aHHbrx
ce,{eHHft Ko}KyxoB
xolHTb
or JIIdrbIx
pacnpeAeJruTeJrer?
K cBapHbru.
I,Icxo4n
Hg
aToro
4nr
r,v-p6uHrt
Tareecxorl
fOC
nprarrneHeHbr
cBapHbre
pacnpeAeJrureJru.
Han6onee
HaIIpfl)I(eHHbre
g"rreMeHTbr
pacnpeAeJILrreJIfl
H3foroB,TeHbI
Eg
Jreft-
poBaHHOI?
Bbl-coKon.poqHoft
craJlu.
Hcnlrrasue
3BeHbeB pacnpeAeJrHTeJrfl
Ha 3aBoAe
TaBJIeHHeM
90 xrc/our2
H
e co6paHHoM
BHAe
Ha
f3C
aab.neHneM
75
xrc/cvz
noKa-
3aJIr4
ero
BblcoKyto
HaAex{HocTb.
K
o x
y
x
BbrrroJrHfier
B
KoBrrroeofi
ryp6uHe HecKo.nrxo
QynKqntr.
l.raeuaR
H3
HHX
-
OTBOA CTeKarOUleft
C nonacreft
pa6ouero
Ko.fieca
BoAbr
raKr4M
o6paaou,
qto6rt
orpaAuTb
or
Hee
HanopHble
crpyu
u pa6ouee
KoJreco.
Kporrre
rofo,
K
Kox(yxy
KpenHTc,q
PffA
MeXaUI,I3MOB,
a B
BepTUKaJrbHbrx ycTaHoBKax
KolKyx
nepeAaeT Ha
Qyu.uaueHT
Beprr.rKaJrbnbre
Harpy3KH.
flocxonsxy
ra6apwrrr
typ6riribr
B rrJraHe
e
6bnnuofi creneuu
onpeAed'rrrorcff
pa3lvlepaMH
Ko)Kyxa,
To ero
oqepraur4ro
rpuAaercfl
cepbe3Hoe
3HaqeHHe. Ha
IIM3
rrpll
cogAaHHLr
neptnxanruorl
uecTnconJroeor?
xoeruoeofi
ryp6aHu
Ta'reecrori
f3C
npoagBoAHJIHcb
TulaTeJlbHbre
HccJrenoBaHHfl
ocHoBHbrx
THIT9B Kox{yxoB,
iIpHMeHffeMbIx
B rl,IAporyp6ocrpoeuur.r.
7tw, Hcc,TeAoBaHHfl
rroKa3aJrH
6onsuroe
3HaqeHHe
a3pa(Hlr
BHyrpeHHefi
nonocru
Ko]Kyxa,
ueJrbio
xoropofi flBJrfiercr cHr{-
>KeHue
BpeAHoro
BilHfl,Hllfr.,
OKa3bIBaeMofo
Ha
K. fi.
A.
6.rTH3KtrM
DacnoJIoxeHHeM
,ceo6oAHofi
noeepxuocTn
HH)r(Hero
6reSa
orHocr4Te"[bHo
nuxHer?
xporurxr.r
xoeuer?
Daooqefo
KoJIeca-
-
OcHoeHrte
HcnbrraHLIfi
Kaca"flHcb
cpaBHeHHs
rxecrr.ryroabHofo
(e
n.naue)
KolKyxa_co
cQepuuecKHM.
3rn ucnltrallrfl.
noKa3a,'ru
f
HApaBfiHr{ecKyro
paBHoqeH-
Hocrb
o6oux
rnnoB
KoxyxoB.
t{ro
racaerctr
agpaqr.tu Ko}Kyxa,
To oKa3aJlocb,
qTo
HarHrIHe
HeKoroporo
BaKyyMa
IIoA pa6o,ruv
KoJrecoM
cnoco6c'reye'r
ue6o.nb[roMy
noBbIIireHHn
K. tr.
A.
ryp6nurr
(e
npe4e;rax
0,5910),
nnn4y
rrefo
AJrfl
nogepxaHr4ff
onrHMaJlbHotl
eslcorbl
HI4)KHefo
ypoBHfl
parluoHaJrbHo
BBecrH
nporpail{MupoBa-
HHe
rycKa
aTnocQepHoro
BoBAyxa noA
pa6ovee
Ko"neco.
3t7
T
Ha
puc.
XI.T"rroKa3aHbr
M€pHIr.raHHbre
ceqeHnfi
Kox(yxoB,
npoxoAHBlutEx
-.'-;
cpaBHgTe,rbubre
HcnbrraHuf
Ha /1M3.
Hara.rryuru4ft
K.
tt.
A.
oKa3ancfl
y
Ko]Kvxa
,,li
- ,-- |
ri$)
.riuna
I
I.
B
rJIaHe
oH
HMeer uecrnyroJlbnylo
Qopr*y.
KoHctpy-xrHBHo
Kox(yx
.
BbrnoflHeg
cBapHbrl{
H3,'rr{croB
yr.rrepb4uctoft cta.nltTonuluttofi
20 rtlu
l'I coctou'rl
.I43
qerblpex
ceKTopoB,
coeAnHesnrtf
Ha
MoHTax(e
6o.ntauu,
fiocJle
qero
oH nor-
Hocrbro
'ea6etonrapoBaH.
K
urecrn
rpaHflM
KolKyxa
npHBapeHbI
rpy6rt
AI4aMer-
por"r
450
NlM, r.IMetoque
BHyTpeHHI,Ie-Q-{utryl,.K.
KoTopblM
KpenflTcff
oTBoAbI
pac-
npele;rareJrr
c
corrJrarvru
(clr._pnc.
V.13
r.r
V.14).
lipaeurrbKafr
ycraHoBKa cofie"rt
BHyTpH
KolKyxa,
KaK
npn c6opxe
B
Uexe,
TaK
I'I npn
MoHTa)Ke'
npoH3BoAI'ITca
c
noMolrl,brc
cne[rlad'I
bHof
o
n
p ncnoco6JleH
Lfr.
'
Ha
eepxuefi
nJrocKocr?r
Kox(yxa
ycraHaBJIHBaIorcq
Kopnyc
IIoAIIIHnHI{Ka,
iroArIrflnHHKH
BaJroB orceKareJreft,
cepeouorop
ynpaBJIesLIff
orceKareJlffMH
u
npH-
no4 o6patHoii
csqeu.
o IrEzrr rrFIrTrrDLI H RnnnMn|. ATF.IIF'HOF, OEOPVIOBAHLIE
U.
APYvrLr\r
vr vr
VcraHoexa
4eQ.nexropa
Ha
xoeruoeofi
ryp6rarie
Aaer
Bo3Moll(Hocrb
t{s6e}Katr
flBJreHr..rs
ruApaBflHrrecKoro
yAapa
B
HanopHonr
tpy6onpoBoAe
lI
HanpaBJIfiIolrlev
aflnapaTe,
a TaKxe
3HarIHTe,rIbHO
yNreHbul4Tb
BeJII4qHHy
pa3foHHoH
CKOpOCTI'
Bpaur€irrifr
ryp6niiu.
KouctpyxruBHble
tpe6oeauus
x
,le$neKTopy
3aK"Iloqalorcfl
B ToM,
qro
orBoA
crpyn
ot
pa6ouefo
KoJIeca
AorlKeH
npon3BoAlirbcfl
Aocraror{Ho
pa3
MeHbIxe,
qeM
N{oMeHT
Aeftcteyrcuufi
na orKd'IoHHTeJIb'
-
Kporure
roro, orKJIoHeHHafl
cTpyfi
HanpaBJlffercfi
orKJIoH[ireJIeIlt
Ha
HacaAoK
coceAl{efo
coIIJIa;
OTCerIeHHaff
cTpytt
HanpaBJlffeTcfi
oTceKaTeJIeM
Ha
CTeHKI'I
Ko1(yxa,
qTO
yupoulaeT KoHcTpyKUHIo
3.r-IeMeHToB
cI'IcTeMbI
3aulHTbI
yqacTKoB OT
noBpexAeuuft
xonocTblMH
crpyfllvln'
Kar<
noKa3brBapr
HccJreAoBanua
.qeQneKTopoB,
KoHcrpyKTr4Blafl'
neo6xolti
MOCTb HeKOTOpOTO
OTAafleHHfl
coneJl
oT
OCH
KOJIeCa
AJIff
pa3MeileHHg
MeXaHH3Ma
OTK;IOHHTeJIfl
nO CpaBHeHHIO
C IueXaHH3MolvI
OTceKaTeJIf
HeCKoJIbKO
yMeHbUaeT
3naqeHr4e
K. r.
A.
'ryp5nnrr
(nprarurepHo
49
0.5%).
fuapaBJlnqecKne
xapaKrepH-
crHKH
pacnbrJrgTelef
io
Hcc.rreAoBaHrrrM
IIM3
IIoKa3btBaIor,
qro
atH
AeQ.neKTopbI
HeAocraroqHo
eQQertHsHH.
lloxagasHuft'Aa
puc. XI.9
otceKare,tlb
typ6unu
Tatescroft
f3C
cocrorir
H3
KOPnyCa
H 3aKpeIIJIeHHOTO
Ha
HeM
HOXa,
BbIIIoJIHeHHOTO
H3
HepxaBelouleH
318
Puc-
XI.8. Buau
aeQ-
neKTopoB:
@
-
oTKJIO-
HHre.IIb
crpyn;
6-or-
ceKaTeJIb cTpyH;
I
-
pacfibrJrrrTeJrb
cTpyH
(seepxy
uoKasaHa Hop-
ManbHaq
cTpyfi npH
yTonneHHblx
IIJI
acTlrr{ax,
BHr.r3y
-
pacrrbureHHas
crpyt
rlpn
BbI/4BHHyTbL](
n.nacrrxax)
Prc.
XI.9. Orcexare,'lr
ryp6xnu
Tareecxofi
f3C