Грановский С.А., Малышев В.М., Орго В.М., Смоляров Л.Г. Конструкции и расчет гидротурбин
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IV, n. 8), u nepecqnTblBalorcff
no
Qoptuy-
nar'r
(IV.36)
n
(IV.39) Ha
napalrerpbr
AaHHofi
ru.[poryp6nusr. 3areM
!pn
HecKoJIb-
KHX
nocrorrHHbrx
3Har{egr.rffx
Hanopa
H,, eahatnbrx B
trpeAeJlax or
flmrn
40
H*^*,
cTpoflTcff
KpHBble
3aBHcHlvlocTH
oT
yrna
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Io
(q)
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tlr
:
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14
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Pi
:
I,
(q)
u Mt:
l-
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npu
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:
coflst,
a 3areM
ylKe
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ucKoMbrx KpHBbrx.
-
Bropafl
cocraBJrflrouafi
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uarcuprft
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Mo}Ker
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u
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no
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ux
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H
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uuesr cMbrcir
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paspa6otre
cepnftHoli
MoilerbHori ;ronacru
H 3aAaBarb 3Har{eH-He
KoHcraHT fo..z
B KoopAnHarax
ni,
Qi.
234
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O6urquo
BecbMa np,u6n"*."Ho 3a rq.
a
npuHnMaror paAuyc
qeHTpa
rH>KecrH
ilJIoulaAH
yrJroBoro
ceKTopa, 3aurrrofi JronacTbro B
AuaMeTpa.nsuoft
trpoeKqun,
rloJlarafi
npl{
gToM
AaBJIeHHe
Ha Jronacrn paBnoMepno pacnpeAeneHrrbru.
3a
yron
ceKTopa
yilporueHuo
npHHHMarcr
ueHrpa.nrauft
yron
q:360lzy
rAe
zt-
qacJlo
.nonacter?.
floc.neAuee paBHocr4JIbHo
rrpeAnoJro)KeHuro,
qro
nepeKpbrrbre
qacTH
nonacTeft Ha pac[peAeJreHl{e
Harpy3or(
B oceBoM HanpaBJreHHH He BJrHffroT.
Bec
"nonacTu
cK,laAbrBaercg H3
BecoB
gneMeHToB,
cocraB./Ifllolqxx
cEcreMy,
G
n:
Go
*
Go
*
Ge
+
Gn,
(VIII.7)
r4e
G6, Gq, Gp,. G,,
-
coorBercrBenuo
eeca
Q.uaHqa
Jronacrlr;
tlartQbl .[onacrl{,
pbrqafa
H llepa.
Beca nepablx
rpex sJIeMeHToB
HaxoAflTcff
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KaK
yKa-
3aHHbre
AeTaJrr.r
cocrosr
H3 reoMerpnqecKn
npaBunbubrx
Quryp.
flpocro on-
peAenqroTcfl
H Hx
qeHTpbr
TrxecTH.
Bec nepa Jlonacrn
nepoHr{Ho
orrpeAenfiercfl cyMMnpoBaHHeM 3JreMeHTapubrx
o6teMoe
V,, Ha Koropbre oHo
pae6anaetcrr
nyreM
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rIHnHHApHtrecKHMH
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PffA
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psA
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cyMMy
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repa
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:
I
t,,
r$e n-
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rvrox(Ho
ofipeAenuTb Bec
JIo[acrH
"
nupa-
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B cflyqae Heo6xoAnnocrH
4"nr
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ryp6r.ruu no
Qopnny;re
rA€
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eec
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:
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flpu
onpeAeJIeHHH 3JIeMeHTapsux
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onpeAeJrffrorcrr raKlKe
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HX
IEHTPOB
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H
PAAHYC
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S ry.' .r
2
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t'ut't
i
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n
'
(vrrr.e)
Tn,
O6tenr ttepa Jlonacrn
Mox(Ho
onpeAenflTb tro roroeorl MoAeJrH, norpy]Karr
ero
B BoAy
H 3aMepfiff
BbrrecHeHHsrrt slr
o6teu. floAser.uuaaff MoAeJrb 3a
yrJrbr
H IIpoBoAfi Ha
IIOBepXHOCTH
./IonacTH
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IvtoxHo onpeAeJII4Tb
tIO HX nepe-
cer{eHutM__{e{Tp
rsxecru. HariAeHHue-3HaqeHr{t
V,
u ro.n
rro3BoJrffror,
aHaJIo-
rHt{Ho
(VIII.9),
onpe.qeJrrlTb
paAr{yc
rIeHTpa
rfl)Kecru cucreMbr Jronacrn
f-
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Gnru.
n
*
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6
i-
Guro.
a
*
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(vilr.
i0)
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Ans
Aa.;'lrseftuero
pacqeTa
cuJibr,
Ieftcrsvrcurue
Ha Jronacrb
B
BeprnKaJrbHori
rrJIocKocrrr,
!A06Ho
cyrvrMHpoBaTb,
o6ogHaqHe
Prz:
Pri
P.-
Pri Gn.
(vul.l
l)
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paAuyc
Hx
rrDnJro)KeHufi
ruolKHo onpeAeJrnTb
H3
ypaBHeHHff
r{oMeHToB
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B
rtestpe
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nDu.rro)KeHa
raKx(e
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cn/'ra
Jronacrr
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(vrrr.8)
(vr
il
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l2)
(vr
rL
l3)
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t
rr-
g
'o.
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KoTopoft
lroxHo
rIpHHfTb coBnaAaOuIHM
c ocbro
J.
llpa
paeroHe Pu
CHJIbHO
BO3DACTAET.
Cxeua
iH.tr
H MoMeHToB,
4eftcreyroEux
Ha
Jro[acrb, flpeAcraBnega
Ha
puc.
VIII.42.
Ans
noBopora
Jronacrn, irarpyxenHoft
BHeuTHHMH
currrarvru
H
235
IIoMeHTar{H'
K nar'Ibl{
pblrlara
Ha
_nreqe
lo
ueo6xo4llttlo
rrpHJIo)KLITb
c6ny
pp
H
co3AaTb
NtoMeHT,
Aoctaroqsrrfi
,;rfr
Torb,
rrro6br
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cyMMy
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paB'''I[qecKoro
N{oMeHTa
Mr
H
MoMeHTa
oT
cHJI
TpeH}Ifi
B
onopax
nonu"ri
M],
paBHyrc
rloaoxnte;lrurtft
3HaK
npH
zlzl.
coorBeTcTByeT
HanpaBJrenaro,
nporrBonofiox(-
HOnrr|
HanpaBJreHHro
MoMeHta
Prlr.
OH
UOXer
MenflTbc,
npn
H3MeHeHHH
yrna
[oBopoTa
"tloIIdCTH,
a
Ta"K]Ke
npH
ABH)KeHuI{
cepBoMoTopa
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HJr}I
3aKpbrrre.
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coorBercrByer
ABHxeizro
cepeoMoropa
Ha
orKpbrrr4e_
(vrrr.l4)
illolteut
rpe'I{fl
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h3
cyMMbr
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TpeHHrr
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onopax
Jroflacr,
Mrp:
f
(R'r"
*
Rurt
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-
:
+(Rodo+
Rbdb*
R"d,),
rAe
(pnc.
VIII.42)
Ro:
V
nt",-r
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w
Ra
--
[8,+e.
(urr.
r5)
(vrrr.16)
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cooTBeTCTBeHHo
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onopax
a
n b:
IIOIUHe
COOTBeTCTBeHHO
nO
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afl
BAoJrb
ocu
Ox;
ro
:
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it
:
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v
AtraMerpbr orop.
oKpyx(Hocru
Ha
onopnor?
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Ha
IBe
paBHbre
qacTH
a--:l-
r"_
17'ri=ri't
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v/
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Hau6onee
cr'iolKHbINI
npu
KoHKpeTHor{
onpeAe.rreH'H
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craB'Trercff
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w Hx
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R,
IocraTol{Ho cocraBHTb
ypaBHeHHe
cyN{Mbr
CHJI BAo/rb
ocu
Ox
Po
-
R":
0,
236
pHc.
VIII.42.
Cxetra
Aeficrelrs
cHrr
H
MoMeHToB
Ha Jroflacrb
pa6ouero
KoJreca
oTKyAa
Po
:
R"'
!,ln
oupe.[,er'reHufl
qerbrpex
cocraBJrffrorrr'x
peaK!.uit
sa
oflopax
HC[OJrb3OBarb
rrerbrpe
ypaBHeHLIfi
I{OMeHTOB
-
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e
nfiocro-crr
B
nJlocKocrr4
xOg:
OTHOCHTCJIbHO
TOTIKH A
Ro,':
*
[*
Po
cos
q (t
-
h)
*
P,(t
*
tr)
*
por]
orHocI{TeJIbHo
TorIK}r b
\,
(vtII.17)
Heo6xo4auo
zox
H
ABa
/'r
'l
,-,
Ro,:
i(+Pocos
eL=
P,lr!
Poz);
Roc:
T
(=tPo
sin
g/r
*
Pst;+
Pq[.
Bce
cu.[u,
Hx
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H
KoopAHHarbI,
B
ToM
q'c.rre
H cocraBJltloque
cHJIbr
npHJroxeHHbre
K
pbrqary,
a
TaKxe
H paccToqHHfl
MeX(Ay
OflOpaMr4
llpHr{fiTbr
rro
cxeMe
Ha pac.
VIII.4?.
A6coarotsble
3HaqeHux
I,
u l-1,
e
(VIII.18)
yao6no
3aMeHHrb
orgocgre,rrb-
HbIMH
3HaqeHHflIvlH,
O6OSHa.I?te:
1
-o,
-
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or:
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I
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lP,
(t
*
tr)
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n
=
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t")i
puu];
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=
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poil.
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fl
Anfl
cocraBJrfflorqux
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uoxuo
*rr"aurb
B
BHAe:
Rar:
*
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-ccr)f
B;
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:
T
Posin
cp
(i
-
dt)
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T Po
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g.ar
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Po
sin q.%
+
F.
(vr
rr.
l9)
lioActaeEe
noc.reAoBarerrbHo
BbrpaxeHr{n
(VIII.l6),
(VIII.15)
u
(vIII.ig)
e
(VIII.14),
nonyq'M
BbrpaxeHfie
AJrfl
yc'nkrfl
Ha
pbrqare
^ l,( f r
,o:
1f,l
=
44"
+
t
LV
G
Po
cos,p.q+f)'@
a"
+
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cos
q
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-
oh
4
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p*d*]'l
.
Rou
:*
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sin
q(/
-
h)
*
PnU
+
U)
=
poa]
ar:*i
cre:+i
d+:+i
ds-+,
(vrrr.20)
9ro
ypanneHHe
Moxer
6ntrl pe[IeHo
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noc,,reAoBare,rlbHofo
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)KeHHfl'
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:
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snar{eHte
s
fl/III.2oy,
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o.
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HecKoJIbKo
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roqnsrtl
H
gar,rgAsstft.
B
Helt
./'IefKo ytl'TblBalorcfl
Bce
3HaKH
KaK
trpH
xoAe
cepBorv{oropa
Ha
3aKpbrr'e
(eepxuue),Jq{-H
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(uuxnre),
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ero
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poBarb
na
3BM.
f,na
yripoulennbtx
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r{acro,rronbsy}oTcr
9AHHM
H3
Mero-
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eu.rr.rcrenrarl.
-:
237
:0,9
A2
A3
I
[(r
23) r
,lqar
(+
I
.,
r.2
pb|
t't
rIII
-2
A4-
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HA
At'
floAcrasHs
D,nfl
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flpaxruuecKn
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u
R6r)
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3ro no3BoJrfleT
HcnoJrb3o-
BaTb
npr,reMbr
qHc,flensoft
aare6pu,
cor.racno
xorbpuM
flpfi a
]
b c rrof peru-
Hocrbro,
He
rrpegbrrrraroqeft..4o/0,
J/ffi:
0,96a
+
0,398b,
H
TaKHM
nyreM
HcKJrroqHTb
r.r3 Bbrpaxesnfi
peaxuuri
paAnKaJrhr,
npHpaBHffB
&
-
0,960Ro,
f
0,398R",
a
Ra
:
0,960R6,
f
0,398Ras.
(VIII.2I)
llpeo6pas_oean
srtl
3aBLIcHMocrlI
B coorBercrBnr.r
c
(VIII.l9),
a
sareM
rroAcra-
sHB
Hx e
(VIII.t5),
no.nyvuM
Bbrpa)KeHr.re
Eils
MoMeHTa
rpeHuff
tl
M,p:;1t0,960
(tPpcos
qcrl
+
E)
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sin
qch
+
F)l
d,+
+
{0,960
ftPpcosq(l
-ar)
+81+0,398[+Ppsinq(l
-od
+Dll
do*p"4]
Peruae
sro
ypaBHeHHe
H
pa3AeJrHB
nepeMeHHbre
or
nn rtrrtrtr, rz ^^r4.-'$.'..',
rrvlrJ
1nM Aurg
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IDI lrpn
t1'd?t1'A(,ll
gt4Jlc
It IJnAg
M-,p:
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A"P"-; AaP,\,,
r,a.e
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nocToqHHbIX
BerlHqHH,
(vrrr.23)
ltM"
i
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(vrrr.25)
, l,
lt
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r
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B
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At H ArnpU pacnonox(e1uLr
cH.ir, He
coorBercr_By_rouleM
cxeMe
Ha pr{c.
VIII.4?, Moryr
6url uuurufir.
Vpaenenun
(VIII.20)
otnocnre.nsno
Po rvroxcuo
raKlKe
perrurb
rpaSauecxHrvt
MeroAoM
1231.
ilnn
HarJIflAHoro
ilpeAcraBneHnff
06 H3MeHeHHH
cnJrbr Ha pbrqare
HyxHo
:TocrPoHTb.
ceMeftctso
KpHBbIx
B
KoopAHHaTax
Po-q upH HecKonbKr{x
Haflopax
H
-
const.
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ruexausgua
noBopora pa6ouero
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AaeT
BO3il{OXHOCTb
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B
3BeHbffx, rroTepu
Ha
TpeHHe B
ruapHupax H
HailpaBJlfftoulnx,
a TaKx(e
BbIBecTH
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o[peAeJreHrirr
crlJrbr H
AHaMeTpa
cepBoMoropa.
Cxelta
pacnpeAenenllff
cHJI
14 norepb
Ha
rpeuue B
rrraryHHo-KpnBor.irunHorvr
MexaHH3Me
noKa3aHbl
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VIII.43. B cooreeTcrBuu
co
cxeuori
ycu.nue
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il{o)KHo
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p":
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t
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rpeHue B
uapHnpe
pbrqar-cepbra;
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ocblo
pblqara
u ceprrofi.
3saxu
coorBercrByror
cxeMe
Ha
pgc.
VIII-43.
B
Aa.nsserhueru
yro.u (+6
I
o)
o6o3Haqaercs KaK
(q
-Fa).
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ftr
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noreperi
Ha rpeHne B sroM
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nOnyr{HM
cos
q
f,
o,sr
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/III. I
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r
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re
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