Fisher G. Between Empires. Arabs, Romans, and Sasanians in Late Antiquity

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Paul ‘the Black’ 57, 60, 61, 62, 183

Peter, patriarch 60–1

Petra papyri 58 n. 99, 136, 148

Philoxenus of Mabboug 148

Photius 87, 89

phylarch, phylarchs 11, 40, 51, 53,

57, 58, 79, 80, 83, 88 n., 89, 96,

103, 107, 108, 118, 122, 147,

148, 152, 174, 181, 195, 202,

210

plague, Justinianic

Chronicle of Zuqnīn on 187

effect on Jafnids 189–193

Procopius 7, 14–16, 19, 54, 68, 87,

88, 96, 97, 117, 118, 123, 131,

157, 166, 187, 197

as historical source 14–16

on elevation of al-H

ārith, Jafnid

leader 7, 96

Qanawat 50 map 2, 142

Qaryat al-Fāw 85 map 4, 88, 209

Qas

r al-H

ayr al-Gharbī 29, 50 map

2, 57–60, 149, 152, 192, 205

identiﬁcation with Haliarum 57

inscriptions from 57–60, 149,

152, 192, 205

qas

r, qus

ūr 54, 55, 203–209

Qays (Kaisos) 88, 89

Qurʾān 133

Qusayr ʿAmra 54

Ramleh 69

al-Ramthāniye 48, 49, 54, 55, 58 n.

Rashīdī family 81, 195, 196, 208

religious persecution 19, 20, 61, 62,

66, 67, 69, 93

effect on writing of John of

Ephesus 19–20

Najrān see Najrān, massacre at

Mazdaeans 67

miaphysites

19, 61, 62, 66

Res

āfa (Sergiopolis) see also Saint

Sergius 21, 28, 29, 31, 52–55,

58, 60, 64, 65 map 3, 71, 105,

107, 108, 112, 114, 115, 126,

139, 173, 179, 182, 192, 194,

195, 205–209, 211

Jafnid inscription at 52, 58, 108

al-Mundhir building at 52–5, 64,

71, 105, 107, 108, 115, 192, 207

and Umayyads 205, 206, 208,

209, 211

al-Riyād

84, 85 map 4, 89

Roman Empire see also client-

management policies i, vii, viii,

2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 16, 22, 24, 26,

28, 29, 32, 34, 35, 49, 52, 54, 63,

64, 66, 70, 71, 75, 77, 79, 80, 87,

88, 89, 95, 96, 99, 105, 110, 112,

116, 117, 119, 120, 121, 122,

124, 125, 126, 138, 143, 147,

149, 152, 172, 174, 176, 180,

183, 193, 195, 198, 202, 207,

211, 212

conﬂict with Sasanian

Empire 29–33, 70, 76, 119–122

diplomatic policies 74, 87–90, 95,

96–97, 117, 119–122, 180, 194,

198

subsidies 32, 122–124

Ruwwāfa, Ruwwāfa inscriptions 75,

83, 97, 139, 210

Rwala bedouin 12, 24, 81, 196, 197

Shaʿlān lineage of 196, 197

Saba, kingdom of 84, 136, 166

Sabaic script 136

‘Safaitic’ grafﬁti 109, 110 n. 146,

112, 132

Saint Augustine, missionary to

England 150

Saint Euthymius 36, 42, 45, 47, 167

Saint Jerome, author 1, 37, 136, 143,

165, 166

Saint John 107

Saint Sergius 47, 54, 145, 152, 174,

195, 205, 206

and Jafnids 54, 179, 195, 206

and Res

āfa (Sergiopolis) 43 n. 52,

52–54, 174, 195, 205, 206

Saint Thomas 105

Sal

79, 95

252 Index

Salvian 169

Sammāʾ 50 map 2, 51, 101 map 5,

105, 190

sardar 124, 195

Sasanian Empire see also client-

management policies 13, 14, 31,

32, 66, 67, 68, 70, 71, 80, 81, 87,

90, 94, 138, 147, 153, 161, 180,

conﬂict with Roman

Empire 29–33, 70, 76, 119–122

diplomacy 80, 87, 117 (Mebod

and Zikh) 123 (Zikh)

and religious policies 32, 66,

67, 68

and south Arabia 88

Sergius, deacon 68, 117, 123

settlement and sedentarisation see

also Jafnids, nomads 26, 28, 41,

42, 43, 46, 53, 64, 73, 100, 103,

105, 108–112, 114, 115, 122,

150, 203, 204

Shammar 4, 5, 77, 78, 195, 208

Shapur I ‘The Great’, Sasanian

king 31

Shaqqā 100

Sharah

īl, phylarch 107, 147, 210

Silvanus, at Anasartha 107

Silvanus, Roman/Frankish

ofﬁcer 44, 45, 55, 181

Simeon of Bēth Arshām 4, 66, 68, 96

Slavs 30

sources, source-critical

problems 14–26

archaeological 21

epigraphic 21–22

literary 14–20, 22–23

Muslim Arabic 22–23

Sozomen, author see also Ishmaelite

identity 17, 37, 40, 79, 143, 154,

167, 168

spāhbedh, see phylarch

state (political entity) viii, ix, 4, 5,

72, 73, 74, 81, 82, 83, 84, 91, 92,

94, 95, 99, 103, 114, 124, 125,

126, 127, 180, 194, 195, 196,

197, 199, 212

strata Diocletiana 28, 31

Symeon Stylites 18, 37, 38, 47

Syriac 17, 18, 21, 23, 38, 43, 47, 56,

57, 76, 133, 137, 145, 178, 184

inscriptions in 21, 23, 137, 145

al-T

abarī 22,

23, 67, 91, 92, 128, 148,

184

Tacitus 131

Taghlib 185

Tanūkh 2, 76, 79, 91, 92

Tayyiʾ 149

Thābit, poet 189

Thaʿlaba, at Nitl 51

Thaʿlabat, people 89

Thamud, Thamudeni 75

Thamudic 132

Thamudic ‘E’ script 137

Thasos 142

Theodora, Roman empress 57

Theophanes 7, 20, 51, 68 n. 136, 87

n. 58, 95 n. 92, 96

Tiberius II, Roman emperor 19, 20,

57, 62, 122, 123, 176, 178, 179,

184, 192

Timostratus, Roman general 117

treaty of

AD 562 6, 16, 119, 120, 121

importance of terminology

120–121

tribe, see also state (political entity)

2, 4, 10, 37, 47, 73, 81, 82, 86,

89, 91, 92, 95, 99, 124, 153, 154,

157, 180, 194, 195, 196, 203,

209, 210, 212

deﬁnitions 73–74

elites and leadership of 3–5

tritheists 59, 60

Tzani 30, 33, 40–42, 131, 132, 198 n.

14, 199

Ulﬁla 41, 42

ʿUmar, caliph 175

Umayyads 54, 147, 156, 163, 175,

201, 202, 203, 205–211

use of sites connected to

Jafnids 203, 205–211

Umm al-Jimāl 50 map 2, 65 map 3,

75, 78, 92, 101, 146 map 7

Index 253

Uranius 136

al-ʿUzzā 38, 68

Valentinus, Roman diplomat 120

‘Violet fragment’ 147

Yamāma 87 n. 59, 92

Yaʿqubi 95

Yāqūt 10, 22, 99, 203

Yarmuk, battle of 176, 179

Yathrib see Medina

Yazdegard I, Sasanian king 67

Yazīd ibn Kabasha, H

imyarite

deputy 90

Yemen 90, 155

Zebed, Zebed inscription 137,

145, 146 map 7, 149, 151,

152, 168

Zenobia, queen of Palmyra 76

Zikh see Sasanian Empire,

diplomacy

Zokomos, Christianisation of 37,

40, 79, 167

254 Index