Ekundayo E.O. Environmental monitoring
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ENVIRONMENTAL
MONITORING
Edited by Ema O. Ekundayo
Environmental Monitoring
Edited by Ema O. Ekundayo
Published by InTech
Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
Copyright © 2011 InTech
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Notice
Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors
and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the
accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no
responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any
materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book.
Publishing Process Manager Ivana Zec
Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic
Cover Designer Jan Hyrat
Image Copyright jaimaa, 2011. Used under license from Shutterstock.com
First published October, 2011
Printed in Croatia
A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org
Environmental Monitoring, Edited by Ema O. Ekundayo
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-307-724-6
free online editions of InTech
Books and Journals can be found at
www.intechopen.com
Contents
Preface IX
Part 1 Environmental Monitoring with
Wireless Sensor Network Technology 1
Chapter 1 Analysis of Environmental
Samples with Yeast-Based Bioluminescent Bioreporters 3
Melanie Eldridge, John Sanseverino,
Gisela de Arãgao Umbuzeiro and Gary S. Sayler
Chapter 2 Physical Mechanisms of
“Poisoning” the Living Organism by Heavy Metals 23
G.P. Petrova
Chapter 3 Histological Biomarker as
Diagnostic Tool for Evaluating the
Environmental Quality of Guajará Bay – PA - Brazil 35
Caroline da Silva Montes,
José Souto Rosa Filho and Rossineide Martins Rocha
Part 2 Biological Monitoring/Ecotoxicology 49
Chapter 4 Air Pollution Analysis with
a Possibilistic and Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm
Applied in a Real Database of Salamanca (México) 51
B. Ojeda-Magaña, R. Ruelas,
L. Gómez-Barba, M. A. Corona-Nakamura,
J. M. Barrón-Adame, M. G. Cortina-Januchs,
J. Quintanilla-Domínguez and A. Vega-Corona
Chapter 5 Real-Time In Situ Measurements of Industrial
Hazardous Gas Concentrations and Their Emission Gross 65
F.Z. Dong, W.Q. Liu, Y.N. Chu, J.Q. Li, Z.R. Zhang,
Y. Wang, T. Pang, B. Wu, G.J. Tu, H. Xia, Y. Yang,
C.Y. Shen, Y.J. Wang, Z.B. Ni and J.G. Liu
Chapter 6 Geochemical Application for Environmental
Monitoring and Metal Mining Management 91
Chakkaphan Sutthirat
VI Contents
Chapter 7 Determination of Fluoride and Chloride
Contents in Drinking Water by Ion Selective Electrode 109
Amra Bratovcic and Amra Odobasic
Chapter 8 Environmental Background Radiation
Monitoring Utilizing Passive Solid Sate Dosimeters 121
Hidehito Nanto, Yoshinori Takei and Yuka Miyamoto
Chapter 9 PILS: Low-Cost Water-Level Monitoring 137
Samuel Russ, Bret Webb, Jon Holifield and Justin Walker
Chapter 10 An Innovative Approach to
Biological Monitoring Using Wildlife 157
Mariko Mochizuki, Chihiro Kaitsuka,
Makoto Mori, Ryo Hondo and Fukiko Ueda
Chapter 11 Public Involvement as an Element in
Designing Environmental Monitoring Programs 169
William T. Hartwell and David S. Shafer
Chapter 12 Monitoring Lake
Ecosystems Using Integrated Remote
Sensing / Gis Techniques: An Assessment
in the Region of West Macedonia, Greece 185
Stefouli Marianthi, Charou Eleni and Katsimpra Eleni
Chapter 13 Landscape Environmental
Monitoring: Sample Based Versus Complete
Mapping Approaches in Aerial Photographs 205
Habib Ramezani, Johan Svensson and Per-Anders Esseen
Chapter 14 Real-Time Monitoring of Volatile
Organic Compounds in Hazardous Sites 219
Gianfranco Manes, Giovanni Collodi, Rosanna Fusco,
Leonardo Gelpi, Antonio Manes and Davide Di Palma
Chapter 15 Land Degradation of the Mau
Forest Complex in Eastern Africa:
A Review for Management and Restoration Planning 245
Luke Omondi Olang and Peter Musula Kundu
Chapter 16 Concepts for Environmental
Radioactive Air Sampling and Monitoring 263
J. Matthew Barnett
Chapter 17 Multisyringe Flow
Injection Analysis for Environmental
Monitoring: Applications and Recent Trends 283
Marcela A. Segundo, M. Inês G. S. Almeida and Hugo M. Oliveira
Contents VII
Chapter 18 Photopolymerizable Materials in Biosensorics 299
Nickolaj Starodub
Chapter 19 Visual Detection of Change
Points and Trends Using Animated Bubble Charts 327
Sackmone Sirisack and Anders Grimvall
Chapter 20 Environmental Monitoring of
Opportunistic Protozoa in Rivers and Lakes:
Relevance to Public Health in the Neotropics 341
Sônia de Fátima Oliveira Santos, Hugo Delleon da Silva,
Carlos Eduardo Anunciação and Marco Tulio Antonio García-Zapata
Part 3 Advances in Environmental
Monitoring Research and Technologies 359
Chapter 21 Biosensor Arrays for Environmental Monitoring 361
Wei Song, Si Wei, Hong-Xia Yu, Maika Vuki and Danke Xu
Chapter 22 Environmental Monitoring Supported
by the Regional Network Infrastructures 389
Elisa Benetti, Chiara Taddia and Gianluca Mazzini
Chapter 23 ICT for Water Efficiency 411
Philippe Gourbesville
Chapter 24 Monitoring Information Systems to
Support Adaptive Water Management 427
Raffaele Giordano, Giuseppe Passarella and Emanuele Barca
Chapter 25 Autonomous Decentralized Control Scheme
for Long-Term Operation of Large Scale and
Dense Wireless Sensor Networks with Multiple Sinks 445
Akihide Utani
Chapter 26 Collaborative Environmental
Monitoring with Hierarchical Wireless Sensor Networks 461
Qing Ling, GangWu and Zhi Tian
Chapter 27 Environmental Monitoring WSN 477
Ittipong Khemapech
Chapter 28 Standardised Geo-Sensor Webs for
Integrated Urban Air Quality Monitoring 513
Bernd Resch, Rex Britter, Christine Outram,
Xiaoji Chen and Carlo Ratti
Preface
Environmental Monitoring is a book designed by InTech - Open Access Publisher in
collaboration with scientists and researchers all over the world with a proven record of
scientific accomplishment and knowledge in the field of environmental monitoring in
particular, and environmental sciences in general. The book is designed to present
recent research developments and advances in environmental monitoring to a global
audience of scientists, researchers, environmental educators, administrators,
technicians, managers, students and the general public.
A series of chapters addressing varied topics like the monitoring of heavy metal
contaminants in atmospheric, terrestrial and aquatic environments; biological
monitoring using wildlife/ecotoxicological monitoring; and the use of wireless sensor
networks in environmental monitoring are included in this book. The book's concepts,
ideas, sampling/analytical techniques described, results and research findings reflect
what leading environmental scientistes and researchers around the world have done,
and are currently doing in the field of environmental monitoring.
Special words of appreciation are due to Ms Ivana Zec, the Publishing Process
Manager who oversaw and coordinated the publishing of all materials and assisted me
and the authors in completing our work easily and in a timely manner. My profound
thanks also to the technical editor who prepared these manuscripts for publication in
InTech - Open Access Publisher.
Dr. E.O. Ekundayo
Alberta Institute of Agrologists,
Canada