Dillon Myles. Teach Yourself Irish

LESSON III 37

insan, insna and leis an, leisna respectively,

1

but insan is

commonly reduced to sa (asp.). Note that the definite article

may not be doubled: hata an fhir “the man's hat” (not an

hata an fhir, see p. 79).

VOCABULARY

adhmad (aymăd) m. wood ceann (kyaun) m. head

bacach (bă-kòch) lame cos (kŏs) f. leg

bainim (bwinim) de I take deisithe (deshihi) mended

from fráma (fraamă) m. frame

bord (bōrd) m. table gloine (glini) f. glass

brisim (brishim) I break láidir (laadir) strong

briste (brishdi) broken mála (maală) m. bag, sack

buartha (booărhă) troubled páirc (paark) f. field

capall (kopăl) m. horse urlár (oor-laàr) m. floor

casóg (kă-sōg) f. coat

Exercise 8

1. Tá capall an tsagairt bacach. 2. D'fhágadar bosca

adhmaid ar an urlár. 3. Tá casóg an gharsúin ana-mhór.

4. Do chailleadar mála airgid ar an mbóthar agus táid siad

buartha brónach

2

. 5. D'fhág si buidéal bainne agus gloine

uisce ar an mbord. 6. Bhriseadar an fhuinneog le clochaibh.

7. Tá na cearca ag an bhfuinneoig. 8. Tá an gadhar fén

mbord. 9. Tá seomra na ngarsún dorcha. 10. Do dhúnamair

fuinneog an tseomra. 11. Ar bhainis an t-airgead den ghar-

sún? Do bhaineas. 12. Fágann na fir na capaill sa pháirc.

Exercise 9

I. The dog's leg is broken. 2. He reads the boy's books. 3. We

put (past) the money under the stone. 4. The cat is under the

1

ag, de, do, fé and ó with the pl. article make agesna, desna, dosna,

fésna and ósna in Munster, but these forms may be regarded as

colloquial.

2

Note that agus is not used between two adjectives.

38 IRISH

window and the dog is at the door. 5. Have you lost (say

“did you lose?”) the priest's money? 6. He put a glass on

the table. 7. The men break stones on the road. 8. The man

is at the head of the table. 9. The horses run round the field.

10. He took the books from the boys. 11.We left the window

of the room open. 12. The frame of the window has been

(say “is”) mended.

LESSON IV

Present of the verb “to be”

Negative

Sg.

1

táim

nílim

2

táir, taoi, tá tú

1

nílir

2

3

tá sé (shē)

níl sé

Pl.

1

táimid

nílimíd

2

tá sibh (shiv)

1

níl sibh

2

3

táid, táid siad

nílid

Interrogative

Negative

Interrogative

Sg.

1

an bhfuilim (ă vwilim)?

ná fuilim?

2

an bhfuilir (ă vwilir)?

ná fuilir?

3

an bhfuil sé (ă vwil shē)

ná fuil sé?

Pl.

1

an bhfuilimíd (ă vwilimeed)?

ná fuilimíd?

2

an bhfuil sibh (ă vwil shiv)?

ná fuil sibh?

3

an bhfuilid (ă vwilid)?

ná fuilid

This paradigm of the present indicative of tá should be

studied carefully, as the forms are in constant use, and they

will familiarise you with the use of verbal particles, and of

absolute and dependent forms of irregular verbs (see

Lesson XIII).

VOCABULARY

amuigh (ă-mú) outside buiochas (bächăs) m. thanks;

anso (ăn-sò) here buíochas le Dia! thank

baile (bali) m. village; sa God!

bhaile at home cá? (kaa) ecl. where?

1

tánn tú, tánn sibh are common colloquial forms.

2

níleann tú, níleann sibh are common colloquial forms.

39

40 IRISH

Cill Airne (aarni) Killarney istigh (ish-dig) inside, in (at

cistin (kishdin) f. kitchen rest)

clós m. yard Micheál (mee-hàl) Michael,

conas? (kunăs) how? voc. a Mhíchíl (ă vi-heél)

Corcaigh (körkig) f. Cork páirc (paark) f. field

fál m. hedge páiste (paashdi) m. child

gairdín (gaardeèn) m. garden Seán (shaan) John

gearrachaile (gyarăchăli) m. speal (sbal) f .; g. speile scythe

young girl Tadhg (tayg) Timothy

go léir (gă-lēr) all thall (haul) yonder, over there

go maith (gă-mòh) well tigh (tig) m., pl. tighthe,

isteach (ish-dàch) into, in tithe house

(with motion) Tomás (tă-maàs) Thomas,

Tom

The common greeting is Dia 's Muire dhuit! God and Mary

to you! and the reply is Dia 's Muire dhuit agus Pádraig!

God and Mary to you and Patrick!

Exercise 10

1. Dia 's Muire dhuit, a Thaidhg! 2. Dia 's Muire dhuit agus

Pádraig! Conas taoi? 3. Táim go maith, buíochas Ie Dia!

Conas tá sibh go léir sa bhaile? 4. Táimíd go maith. 5. Tá

Seán i gCill Airne, ach tá Mícheal agus Nóra anso. Táid

istigh sa tigh

1

. 6. Cá bhfuil an garsún óg agus an gearra-

chaile? 7. Táid amuigh sa ghairdín. 8. D'fhág Tomás an

speal thall fén bhfál. 9. Do chuireamair na capaill isteach sa

stábla.

Exercise 11

1. God and Mary to you, Tom! How are you? 2. I am well,

thank God! 3. Are the children at home? 4. They are all

(inside) in the kitchen. 5. Is Michael outside in the yard?

6. He is, but John and Nora are in Cork. 7. The boys are over

there in the field. 8. Where is the scythe? 9. It is here under

the hedge.

1

t is not aspirated after sa (=insan), p. 14, note 1.

LESSON V

The Verb “to have” and the past participle

The Perfect Tense

There is no proper verb “to have” in Irish, and the notion is

expressed by the verb “to be” with the preposition ag “at”:

tá sé ag Seán “John has it” (lit. “it is at John”). This idiom,

with the past participle of a verb, provides a perfect tense,

distinct from the simple past: tá sé déanta ag Seán “John

has done it”; tá an dinnéar ite ag Tomás “Tom has had

(eaten) dinner”; tá an leabhar caillte ag an ngarsún “the boy

has lost the book”.

The past participle is formed with the ending -te, -tá,

according as the verbal stem is slender or broad.

bris- “break” briste

caill- “lose” caillte

dóigh- “burn” dóighte, dóite

dún- “shut” dúnta

ith- “eat” ite

léigh- “read” léighte, léite

ól- “drink” ólta

scríobh- “write” scríte (irreg.)

The t is aspirated after b, bh, c, g, m, p, r:

scuab- “sweep” scuabtha

treabh- “plough” treabhtha, treafa

strac- “tear” stractha

leag- “knock down” leagtha

cum- “compose” cumtha

stop- “stop” stoptha

scar- “separate” scartha

It is pronounced as h also after l, but is written t.

41

42 IRISH

An adjective follows the noun it qualifies: gort mór “a big

field”; scoil nua “a new school”; cloch bheag

1

“a small

stone”. sean(a)-”old” precedes the noun and forms a com-

pound: seana-bhróg “an old shoe”, seana-thigh “old house”,

an seana-dhream “the old folk”.

2

VOCABULARY

Aifreann (afirăn) m. Holy Eibhlín (ay-leèn) Eileen

Mass gúna (goonă) m. dress

anois (ă-nìsh) now léite (lēti) read

barr, barra (baar, boră) m. litir (letir) f. letter

top Máire (maari) Mary

briste (brishdi) broken Maighréad (may-reèad)

caillte (kaylhi) lost Margaret

cheana (honă) already ólta (ólhă) drunk

cnoc (knök) m. hill Pádraig (paadrig) Patrick

cóta mór (kōtă mooăr) over- scoil (sgöl) f. school

coat scrite (shgreeti) written

déanta (deeantā) made, built trucail (trukil) f. cart

dúnta (doontā) shut

Exercise 12

Translate:

1. Tá bróga nua ag Máire. 2. Tá gadhar óg ar an mbóthar.

3. Tá cóta mór ag Tadhg anois. 4. Tá an tAifreann léite ag an

sagart. 5. Tá litir scrite ag Pádraig. 6. Tá an doras dúnta ag

an bpáiste. 7. Tá an fhuinneog briste ag na garsúnaibh. 8.

Tá maide beag ag an ngadhar. 9. Tá scoil nua ar bharra an

chnoic. 10. Tá an t-airgead caillte ag Mícheál.

Exercise 13

1. Tom has read the letter. 2. Eileen has a new dress. 3. The

young man has lost the books. 4. There is a cart at the door.

1

See p. 15.

2

seanduine “old man”, with sean and unaspirated d is an exception.

LESSON V 43

5. The child has drunk the milk. 6. The man has money. 7.

Tim has lost the overcoat. 8. The boys have broken the

bottles. 9. The old school is closed, and a new school has

been built on top of the hill. 10. Margaret has written the

letter.

LESSON VI

The Verbal Noun. Past and Future of “to be”

The English present participle is expressed by the preposi-

tion ag (ig) “at” and a verbal noun: tá sé ag teacht “he is

coming”, tá sé ag ól “he is drinking”. The verbal noun of

regular verbs is usually formed by adding -adh (pron. ă) to

the stem, and, if there is an object, it appears in the genitive

case: tá sé ag dúnadh an dorais “he is shutting the door”

(lit. “at shutting of the door”); tá sé ag gearradh adhmaid “he

is cutting wood”; táid ag baint fhéir “they are mowing hay”

(see p. 14).

Regular Verbal Nouns

briseadh (brishă) breaking, to break

bualadh (booălă) striking, to strike

casadh (kosă) turning, to turn

dúnadh (doonă) shutting, to shut

gearradh (gyară) cutting, to cut

líonadh (leenă) filling, to fill.

magadh (mogă) mocking, to mock

stracadh (sdrokă) tearing, to tear

Some Irregular Verbal Nouns

(see Lesson XX)

baint (bwint) taking, to take; cutting, to cut

cailliúint (ko-loònt) losing, to lose

cur putting, to put

dul going, to go

fanúint (fo-noònt) waiting, to wait

féachaint (feeachint) looking, to look

iarraidh(eeărig) asking, to ask;trying, to try

44

LESSON VI 45

ól drinking, to drink

rá. (raa) saying, to say

rith (rih) running, to run

scríobh (shgree, shgreev) writing, to write

stad (sdod) stopping, to stop

teacht (tacht) coming, to come

The past of tá, like the present, has absolute and dependent

forms. The future has only one set of forms:

Past

Future

Absolute

Dependent

Sg.

1

do bhíos (vees)

rabhas (rous)

bead (bed)

2

do bhís (veesh)

rabhais (roush)

beir (ber)

3

do bhí sé

raibh sé

beidh sé

(vee shē)

(rev shē)

(be shē)

Pl.

1

do bhíomair

rabhamair

beimíd

(veemir)

(roumir)

(bemeed)

bhíobhair

rabhabhair

⎰

(veeoor)

⎰

(rouoor)

beidh sibh

bhí sibh

raibh sibh

(be shiv)

2

do

⎱

(vee shiv)

⎱

(rev shiv)

3

do bhíodar

rabhadar

⎰

beid (bed)

(veedăr)

(roudăr)

⎱

beid siad

The verbal noun of tá is bheith “to be”.

VOCABULARY

abhaile (ă-vàli) home bearradh (bară) clipping,

amach (ă-mòch) out shaving, to shave

amáireach (ă-maàrăch) to- buaint (booint) reaping, to

morrow reap

arís (ă-reèsh) again caint (kaynt) f. talk; ag caint

ar maidin (er-màdin) this talking

morning coirce (körki) m. oats

a thuilleadh (ă-hìli) any more eile (eli) other

46 IRISH

fáechaim (feeachim) ar I look práta (praată) m. potato

at, watch rá (raa) saying, to say

fós (fōs) yet, still sásta (saasdă) satisfied

garda (gaardă) m. civic guard scuabairn (sgooabirn) I sweep

leis (lesh) also; with him; tarrac (torăk) drawing, to

ag caint leis talking to him draw

obair (öbir) f. work; ag obair teacht (tacht) coming

working tuirseach (tir-shòch) tired

piocadh (pyukă) picking, to

pick; pioctha (pyukihi)

picked

Exercise 14

1. Táimíd ag ól uisce. 2. Bhíomair ag caint leis an ngarda.

3. An raibh Séan anso ar maidin? 4. Do bhí; agus bhí sé ag

féachaint ar an gcapall óg. 5. An rabhais ag caint leis?

Bhíos. 6. Beidh sé ag teacht arís amáireach. 7. Tá na fir

ag briseadh chloch ar an mbóthar. 8. Cá bhfuil na garsúin

eile? 9. An bhfuilid ag piocadh na bprátaí? 10. Táid tuir-

seach anois, agus níl na prátaí go léir pioctha fós. 11. Beid

siad ag dul abhaile amáireach, agus ní bheid ag teacht a

thuilleadh.

Exercise 15

I. They were cleaning the windows. 2. We were working on

the roads. 3. Will you be coming again tomorrow? 4. Are

you going home now? 5. The priest is saying Mass now.

6. Margaret and Eileen are watching the men reaping the

oats. 7. Will they be clipping the horses? 8. No; it is cold

still. 9. Were they breaking the stones? 10. No; they were

bringing (drawing) in the hay. 11. She is sweeping the floor.

12. We are tired, but we are not satisfied yet.

Dillon Myles. Teach Yourself Irish

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