Diarmuid ? S?. Teach Yourself Complete Irish / Самоучитель ирландского языка
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6 Put seo mo
lthb
is tnyl before the following words. Some of
these
words will need an h after their first consonant to show
lenition. Check the list in the Pronunciation
guide
if necessary.
mithair
(mother\
carr
lcar)
6ras6n
(flat)
Seo mo
(Tbis
is my) seoladh
laddress)
rothar
(bicycle\
ancail bncle\
uimhir teileaf6in
(telephone
number)
hata
(hat)
If
you
have the recording, listen
to the sentences and check
your
pronunciation
or look at the Pronunciation
guide.
o
CD1, TR 2, 1147
7 Practise saying these telephone numbers.
(You
can check
them
on the
recording if
you
have it.)
Can
you
figure out the towns?
(See
the map opposite.) Their English forms are listed in the
wrons order.
o 02r-542.37
b o9r-6342t
osoz-69j8
o6a-zTr4S
06S-,-7645
ot
-76
5489
Corcaigh
Gaillimh
Baile Atha Luain
Luimneach
Cill
Airne
Baile Atha Cliath
G
d
e
f
g
o48-7u4562 Doire
(Athlone,
Cork, Dublin, Galuay, Derry, Killarney, Limerick)
Listen and repeat/take down these
places
and telephone
numbers from the recording if
you
have it; the answers are at
the back of the book.
Unft1
Ismlse..,
tj
o
CD1,
TR 2, 3:18
8 Listen and check
your pronunciation
of
these surnames.
(Look
at the
Pronunciation
guide
if
necessary.)
6 Mathrina
O
Loingsigh
6 Cinn6ide
6 Dochartaigh
Mac Math(na
Mac C6rthaigh
Mac Craith
6
Murchf
Test
yourself:
Comprehension
L6igh
an comhri agus
freagair na ceistenna
(Read
the conuersdtion
and
ansuer the auestions\,
ffi
comhorso neighbour
ffi
nuo new
&
Questions
o Where does the conversation take Dlace?
b What is the number of lllna's llat?
r4
Unit 2
Is miint€oir m6
r5
Is
m0inteoir
m6
I
om
o teocher
In
this unit
you
will leorn how to
.
State
your
nationality and occupation
.
Check somebody else's
nationality or occupation
.
Say
where
you
work
Is...
m6. I am
(a)
...
An ... tu?
Are
you
(d
...?
Is eo.
Yes.
Ni heo.
No.
Cod os duit?
Where are
you
from?
As... From..,
Here are two interviews with
learners of lrish
in
a summer
college.
Interview
1
c,
F
o
(J
Aine
R[noi
Aine
Is mtinteoir
m6.
Tuigim.
Go roibh moith
ogot.
Td failte romhqt.
:
i ::i:Tl
Nil.
Td no rongonno suimi(il,
ogus
td no miinteoiri
go
deos.
60 roibh
moith oqqt.
Cod is oinm
(m)
duit?
le do thoil
Aine Ni
Chonoill is oinm dom.
Cod
qs
duit?
As
T16 Li.
Ach td m€ i mo ch6noi i
gCorcoigh
qnois.
I
gcothoir
(f)
Chorcqi?.
is eo.
Agus do
shli bheotho
(f)?
Is
m0inteoir m6.
Tuigim.
Go roibh moith ogot.
T6 f6ilte romhot.
Questions
a
Cad as d'Aine
(=
do + Aine)?
b An
mriinteoir i?
What is
your
name?
please
My name is Ann O'Connell.
Where are
you
from?
From Tralee.
But I
live
in Cork now.
In Cork City?
Yes
(lit.
Ihat's lt)
And
your
occupotion?
(ltt.
woy
of tife)
I am a teacher.
I understond.
Thonks.
You ore welcome.
Agus
c6
tuso?
An
Meirice6ndch
ttl?
is
eo.
An
bhfuil
on
Ghoeilge deqcoir?
dor
leot
Nil.
rqngonnq
(m)
suimi&il
no
m0inteoiri
go
deos
Questions
o Cad
as do Bob?
b Conas
t6 na ranganna?
And who ore
you?
Are
you American?
Yes.
(lit.
tt's thot)
Is Irish difficult?
tn yout vtew
It isn't.
c/asses
intetestin9
the teachers
ntce
3
9
f
c
Longuoge notes
,I
WOMEN'S SURNAMES
There
are distinct
prefixes
for
women's surnames.
These female
prefixes
vary in
form
according
to
whether a woman
is married or
single. All cause lenition.
Here are the
male forms and unmarried
female
forms of two ryoical
surnames;
Interview 2
Students attending a language
class
in
Dublin meet their new
teacher. She introduces herself
and asks the students
who they are
and where they
come from.
Sedn
O Conaill
P6draig
Mac Mathina
Aine Ni Chonaill
M6ire Nic Mhath(na
{
o
o
E
F
o
IJ
r6
i
coittin
i
soo
i
coittin
i
gob
i
coitlin
Is mise
Coitlin
Nl
Cheolloigh ... ogus ...
c6 tuso?
Bob Moc MothOno is oinm dom.
An Meiriceanqch ti?
Is eo. Is
os Boston dom.
An
bhfuil on
Ghoeilge deocoir, dor leot?
The
married forms are based
on the
male forms; if Sedn O Conaill's
wife
is named M6ire she will be
known formally
as Miire Bean Ui
Chonaill
(lit.
wife of
O Connell), or
M6ire Ui Chonaill
for short'
Pddraig
Mac Mathrina's
wife, Sile, would be called
Sile Bean
Mhic
Mhathfna
or Sile
Mhic Mhathrina.
Bean Ui Chonaill on
its own
means
Mrs O Connell andBean
Mhic
Mhathrina means
unlt 2 Is miinteolr
md
17
Mrs
McMahon.ln
traditional Irish-speaking
society
women tend to
be known informally
by their
maiden names
(due
to a strong sense
of family
affiliation).
Here are
some common Irish
surnames in their
three widely used
forms:
6 s6
lo
sbeal Ni
sh€
Mac Mathdna
(McMahon)
Nic Mhathina
(|
CD1,
TR 3, 1:32
Man's
surname
6 Conaill
(O
Connell)
6 Murchri
(Murphyl
6
D6naill
lO
Donnelll
O Ceallaigh
(Kelly)
ftire
Ireland
Sasana England
Woman's surname
Maiden name
Ni
Chonaill
Ni Mhurchri
Ni Dh6naill
Ni
Cheallaigh
Married name
Ui Chonaill
(i
chontil)
Ui Mhurchri
(i
uurach
)
Ui Dh6naill
(i
gh6nuill
Ui Cheallaigh
(i
byalul
ui shc
(i
h6)
Mhic Mhathrina
luih
uahfinal
Note
that exceptionally
Nic and Mhic
do not cause lenition
when
the following name
begins with
C or G:
Mac
Cirthaigh MacCartby
Nic Cdnhaigh
Mhic C{rthaigh
Mac
Gearailt FiAgedd
Nic
Gearailt Mhic
Gearailt
2 NAMES
OF COUNIRIES
AND NATIONALITIES
<l
CD1,
TR 3, 2:23
Countries fall
into two
groups.
Nationalities always
end with
-ach.
o without
the anicle:
Eireannach
Irish
Sasanach English
llit.
Saxonl
I8 Unlt 2 13 molntrolr
nG
r9
b
with
the anicle
(causing
lenition). These are treated
like any
other
feminine noun:
Albain
Satland
Meirice6
Ameica
An
Fhrainc France
An
Ghearmdin
Germany
An
Spdinn
SPaiz
Anlodiil
Italy
An
Rriis Rrrssrd
Llbtnach Sconish
Meiriceinach American
Francach French
Gearminach German
Spiinneach Spanish
lodilach ltalian
Rfiseach Rnssiaz
Grommor
1 STAT'N6 YOUR NATIONALITY
AND OCCUPATION
These details remain
permanent for most
people
and therefore they
must be introduced with is.
nationality
occupation
F,ireannach
mriinteoir
feirmeoir
dochtriir
Gardai
pronorm
name
m€
m6
(6)
Sein.
(0
M6ire.
(iad)
Tom6s agus
P6l.
I am lrish.
I am a tedcber.
Sedn is a
farmer,
Mary is a doctor.
Tom and Paul are
Policernefl,
Insight
Notice
that a
pronoun may be used even when a
person's
name is
given
-
Is feirmeolr 6
Se6n
(Sedn
he is o
farmer).
The
pronouns
meaning he, she, they are 6,
i, iod. When combined
with a verb they become
s€, si, slod, as
you
saw
in
Unit
r
-
t6
s6
(he
is), td si
(she
is),
t6
siod
lthey
orel.
2 ASKING
SOMEEODY'S NATIONALITY OR OCCUPATION
Replace is with
an
to form
a
question.
A
special
pronou\
e tbatl
il,
is
used
in
reply to such
questions.
(Is
ea is
pronounced
ish a.)
An f,ireannach tri?
Is
ea.
or
Ni
hea. Is Meiricednach m6.
An dochniir i M6ire?
Is ea.
or
Ni hea. Ni
dochtriir
i.
3
AS
(FROM)
Are
you
Irishl
Yes.
(lit,
It's
thatl
No.
(lit.
Nol tDa4 I'm an
America
Is Mary a doaor?
Yes.
Where are
you
from?
From Cork.
No.
Sbe's
not
a doctor,
The basic meaning of this is olr o/. It is also used to indicate
one's
place
of origin:
Cad as duit?
As
Corcaigh.
ot
Is as
Corcaigh
dom. I
am
from
Cork.
Other examples
-
with the word duine
(persoz):
Duine
as Corcaigh.
A
person
from
Cork.
Ti
duine as Meirice6 i mo rang. There is a
person
from
America
bt mv class.
Unh
2 15 milnt olr mC
ZT
4 PLURAL
FORMS OF
NOUNS
There
are
various ways of
putting
a
noun in the
plural,
and for the
most
part you
just
have
to
learn the correct
plural form when
you
learn
the
singular, Some of the
rnost common are shown
here. The
plural of
an
(rle)
is na, and it
puts
an
h
before
a noun which begins
with
a
vowel:
o
Add
-i
an
miirrlteoir tbe
teacher na miinteoiri the teacherc
an Garda
the
policeman
ra Gardai the
policemen,
the
police
b
Add
-anna/-eanna
an
olfrg the office
an siopa
the sbop
an rang tbe class
an iit the
phce
c Add
-a
to
-6gl-eog
an
spin6g
the
spoon
an
bhil eog the leaflet
d Add
-acha/-eacha
an t-ar^san
the
fldt
an leabhar
the book
arL
cl l
tbe
progromme
m hoifigi the offices
na
siopei
tbe shops
nt tanganna the classes
na h{iteanna the ohces
na spl6rr6ga the spoots
na bileoga tbe leaflets
na hiras in tbe flats
na leabhafu
the boohs
na cliir the
progratnmes
an cineil
the hind,
sort of
na
cineilacha,
the kinds, uarieties
an chathaor
the chait
na cathaoire cha the chairs
e Make the final consonant slender
(€.9.
-an
becomes
-6in)
f
Change
-ach
to
-aigh
fireannach an lrish
person
leathanach
page
an fear the man
an bhean the uoman
an duine the
person
an
teech the house
An bhfuil s6 deacair?
Ta.
Nil.
An bhfuil Siobh6n
istigh?
Ta.
Nfl.
T6 si amuigh.
An
bhfuil
t( i do ch6nai I Luimneach.
Ta.
Nfl. T6 m€ i
mo
ch6nai
I bPort L6irge.
6
THE PREPOSITION
I
(IN)
Eir
eannaigh
I r i s h
p
e op I e
leathanigh
pages
na frr the
men
na mni the women
na daoine
the
people
na tithe tbe
houses
ls it diffrcub!
It is.
It isn't.
Is
Joan
in?
Yes.
(lit.
Is)
No,
(lit.
Is zor)
She's
out.
Do
you
liue in Limerick!
Yes.
No. I liue in Waterford.
Some of the most frequently
used nouns
have irregular
plurals.
Although cliir is recommended as
the
plural
form of clir
(programmel
an alternative form, cliracha,
is widely used.
S THE
VERB
'TO
BE' IN
QUESilONS
Replace ti with an bhfuil
(pron.
un wil). There are
no words for
yes
and
zo in Irish, and the
reply echoes the verb
instead
(without
its pronoun).
This is
pronounced
like the
a in a&oat.
It causes eclipsis
(see
Pronunication
guide)
of a following
consonant:
Unlt 2 ls molntcol.
m6
-)
If the
following word begins with a
vowel, i
becomes
in:
Ti s6 ina
ch6nai
(He
liuesl tr fuasin in a
flat.
ftirie
Urelandl
becomes
Eirinn after
prepositions,
e.g.:
T6
si ina c6nai
(SDe
liues\
in6irinn in lreland.
7 ASKING SOMEBODY'S NAME AND GIVING
YOUR
OWN
Cad is ainm duit? What's
your
tame?
llit.
What is name
to
Yota?l
What's
your
name?
llit.
Whdt name ts
on
you!)
Thomas.
C6n t-ainm at6 ort?
Tomis.
T6
m6 i mo
ch6nai
U
livel
C6
tusa?
Mise
Se6n.
Is
mise
Aine.
i
gCorcaigh
(pron,
gorhril
in Cork
i dTr6
Li
(pron.
dr6li\ in
Tralee
i mB6al
Feirste
(pron.
m6l fershte) iz
Belfast
i nDoire
(pron.
n'etel in Derry
i
gcontae na Mi
(pron.
gontae
na mi) iz
County
Meath
i
dteach
m6r
(pron.
dyach) in a big
bouse
Who are
you?
I am Sed.n.
I an Anne.
TomSs
is ainm dom. Thomas
is ttry name.
llit.
Thomas k name
to
mel
The forrns
dom
(to
mel, duirt
(to
you\
combine
preposition
(ro)
and
pronoun
(rze)
in one word.
They are often lenited after a word
which
ends with a vowel, e.g.
Dia
dhuit
DeJlo. Such forms are
cornmon
in Irish and
you
will meet them again.
You
may
also ask:
Tusa
and mise are special
'emphatic'
forms of tri and
m6.
Mac Crirthaigh
f
Mhic Mhathtua
9-
Combine the woman's
name on the left with
the surnames
on the
right below,
replacing 6 and Mac with
Ni
and
Nic
respectively.
Don't forget to
include lenition:
0na 6 Briain
(o
Brien)
6 Conchdir
(O
Connor)
O
Mtille
(o
Malley)
O crada
(o
Grady)
O Conaill
(O
Connell)
6 Murchri
(Murphy)
Mac D6naill
(McDonnell)
Mac M5nais
(McManus)
Match the
people and nationalities.
Then state each
person's
correct
nationality along the
lines of Is Eireannach
6 Sein
(Sedn
is his#),
(Remember
to use
the
pronouns
6, i,
corresponding to their
names):
o Se6n
b
Ludwig
c Maria
d Yuri
e M6ire
f Michelle
Gearminach
Sp6inneach
Rdiseach
Eireannach
Francach
f,ireannach
4 o Complete
the column
on the right:
Country
Sasana
fjre
Alba
Meirice6
Nationality
b Complete
the column
on the left:
An Sp6inn
Spiinneach
Francach
Gearminach
Iod6lach
z6
Unlt
2 Ii mllnt€oii rn€
o
b
C
d
o
b
C
d
e
Answer these
questions in the affirmative, both
by using the
echo
form of answer and
with a full statement.
An
Meirice6nach tri? Is
-. -
Meirice6nach
m6.
An f,ireannach t6?
An Francach 6 Pierre?
An Rriiseach i Raisa?
Make up introductions
like this example:
S6amas
6 Maille is ainm dom.
Ti
m€ i mo ch6nai i dTr5
Li.
Is Garda
m6.
Bob O Mara./Boston
/si6in€ir.
Colette Fortin/?6ras/mf
inteoir.
Jiirgen
Heimffrankfurt/siopad6ir
(shopkeeper).
Ian
CampbelUGlaschriy'amhr6nai
(singer).
Nancy Giles/I.lua
Eabhrac
(NY)/rrinai.
Place names: match the
Irish
and
English versions of these
place
names using the
map
overleaf.
o B6al Feirste
b Tri Li
c Doire
d Pon L6irge
e Cill
Airne
f
Gaillimh
i
Waterford
ii Galway
iii Killamey
lv Belfast
v Derry
vi Tralee
The
preposition
i + eclipsis.
(NB
ag
obeir
u.,orhing.l
o
Say that
you
live in the
places
a-f
in Exercise
7.
For example:
T6 m6 i mo ch6nai
i mB6al Feirste.
b Complete these sentences with
i +
place.
T6 m6 ag
obair
i
(banc).
(gar6iste).
(sioPa).
(oifig).
(Eire).
10
Lion
isteach na
bearnai
lfill
in the
gapsl:
s An bhfuil
S6amas anseo?
-Tr-igCorcaigh.
b An bhtuil
tf i do ch6nai
i
_
Tri Li?
_
Ti
m6 i
_
ch6nai i bPon
Liirge.
c
_ _
tf i
do ch6nai
_
6ras6n?
Nil.
Ti m6 i mo
ch6nai i
_
teach.
d An Meiric6anach
6 Bill?
Is
_
Boston
d6.
e An l6acht6ir
i Miire?
Is
dliod6ir i.
Complete the interview:
-
Cad
is
ainm
_
?
.
Se6n O Laoire is
ainm
-
Agus
cad as duit?
o
-
Corcaigh.
-
An bhfuil
t(
-
_
ch6nai i gCorcaigh?
.
Ti.
z8
Unlt 2 ts milntrol
m6 29
Test
yourself:
Comprehension
.l
CDl,
TR 3, 3:15
First read
these brief introductions:
Dia dhuit. Tomis
O
D6naill
is ainm dom.
Is Garda
m6. T6 m6
i mo ch6nai i nGaillimh.
Dia dhuit. Is mise
Sfle Ni
Chonaill. Is dochniir
m6.
T6 m6 i mo
ch6nai i
Sligeach.
Dia dhuit,
Liam
Mac Crinhaigh
is ainm
dom, Is feirmeoir
m6.
Ti m6
i mo ch6nai
i
gCorcaigh,
Dia
dhuit. Is
mise M6ire
Nic Gearailt.
Is mfinteoir
m6. T6
m6
i mo ch6nai
i mBaile
Atha Luain.
Now match
these four people's
names,
occupations
and
addresses:
Nanes
Occupations
Places
Tomis
O
D6naill
mfinteoir
Corcaigh
M6ire
Nic Gearailt
Garda
Sligeach
Sile Ni
Chonaill
feirmeoir
Luimneach
Liam
Mac C:irthaigh
dochtriir
Baile Atha
Luain
Now make
up
short interviews
with each
of them
on the model
of
the following:
An
r6nai
Cad is ainm
duit?
Wbat
is
yotr
name?
Tomis
Tomds
6 D6naill i s
ainn My naml
k Tom,is
6
dom.
D6naill.
Annnnai
C5 bhfuil
tri
i
do ch6nai?
Where
do
you
liue?
Tomis
Td m€
i mo ch6nai
i I liue
in Galuta*
nGaillimh.
An
bhfuil
t0
p6sto?
Are
you
morried?
In
this
unit
you
will
leorn
how to
.
Talk
about your
family
.
Ask
about
someone
else's
family
An
bhfuil
tri
p6stq?
An
bhfuil
clonn
ogot?
duine
(1),
beirt
(2),
tritr
(3)
se bliono
d'oois
Ate
you
married?
Do you
have
children?
countin9
people
six
years
of oge
Diologue
1
Ciarin
and D6nall
meet for
the first
time
in a few years.
They
talk
about
their personal
circumstances.
{
4
F
o
Cldr6n
Dio
dhuit,
o Dhonoill.
Conos
ta corsoi?
D6noll
Go moith.
An
bhfuil
t0 f6s i
do ch6noi
in
drosdn?
Ciordn
Nil. TO
mo
theoch f6in
ogom
onois.
D6noll
An
bhfuil
tri
p6sto
onois?
Ciqr6n
Nil.
Cod fritso?
D6noll
T6,le
coplo
blioin
onuqs.
Clcr6n
6, comhghoirdeos.
An
bhfuil
clonn
oqot?
3o
. Pf,:glr.
.
.Tg l:glP.l
:.s.
gpsil:..
rs.
gligir,
Unlt 3 An
bhtuiltt
D6sto?
1r
Conos t6 cirsoi?
How ote
things?
(cltsoi
affoi6,
motters)
f6s
still
Td mo theoch
(m)
f€in
ogom. I have
my own
house.
p6sto
morried
Cod
fotso?
Whot
about youT
fe c0pfo bfioin
(f)
onuos
for
o couple
of
yeors post
comhghoirdeos
congrotulotions
T6 ...
ogoinn
We
hove
feonbh
(m)
69
a
baby
(tit.
young
chitd)
Questions
Answer is
fior
(truel
or ni fior
(falsel:
o Td
Ciarin
f6s
ina ch6nai
in
lrasdn.
b Td
s6
p6sta.
Diologue
2
Sdamas
Mac
Cdrthaigh
wants
to rent
a corrage
in
the
Gaeltacht
for
a few
weeks.
He
has
been directed
to Bean
Ui Sh6.
They
chat
about
his family
over
a cup
of tea.
Beon
Ui Sh6
S6omos
Beon
Ui
ShE
S€smds
An
bhfuil
clonn
mh6r
ogot,
o Sh6omols?
TO
beirt
mhoc
ogus inion
ogoinn.
Cen
qois
lod?
T6 C6lt
ocht
mbliono
d'oois.lA
p6l
s6
blionq
d'oois
ogus
t6 dhd
bhltoin
og
Nuolo.
Td
belrt
ocu or scoil
mor sln?
T6.
Beon
Ui
Sh6
lqJroJ.T:qqgg.qrlff.
€
e
o
ct
q
c
F
j
o
u
Beon
Ui Sh6
S€omos
clonn
(f)
mh6r
beirt
mhoc
(m)
ogus
inion
(f)
C6n
oois
iod?
ocht
mbliono
(f)
o large
family
two
sons
ond a
daughter
What
age
are
they?
eight years