Денисов И.П. Основы использования водной энергии
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
lpaDn#czoauri
.q"pudoq,!!U
nr
dcmoanan
npotrfia
fiaMeFa
/Tod,zodnod
/Ttomuta
Puc.
6-33.
rlo.[seM.naq
r'AposneKrpocraHur.rs
pasrau
na
p.
Hsep-Apx
(@paHuna).
a
-
o6qag
cxeMa
pacnofloxeHst
coopyxenwft;
6
-
craHrruoHHbrfi
y3et;
d
-
npo,u,olbHbrri pa3pe3
no
coopyxe
HH'M
/g-l
I
\'
N
s
Xeteaodemontan
depuda4uonran
eanepen: 6 ovrod
no
f9xli.u
Baur{eft
(puc.
6-33).
Hs
o6uero
ncnolb3veruoro
.rqrrvpo
rr)z
ril
Jlllrrrb
Zl
rw
CKOHI\eHTpHpOBaH
nJIO_
THHofi.
Oco6eHHocrbro
sBJrgercff
To,
-
rrro
Becb
cTaH[,r{OHHbrfi
y3eJ-r
coopyx{eHHfi
pasMe[IeH
B cKa.
.ne,
KoTOpaff
flBJIfeTCfl
no
cBoHM
KarIecTBaM
BeCb.
Ma
flporrHori
n
Kpe[Koft.
121
nop
cKoHUeHTpHpOBaH
r{cKJrroqHTeJrbHO
3a cqer
NJIoTHHbI.
Bguay
sTolo
oHH
AoJIXHbI
6ung
6sI
cqr.ITaTbcrr
npH[,lroTLrHHbrMH
f3c,
o.I,HaKO
pqA
oocToflTeJrbcTB
B
HeKOTOpbrx
cJryqaH.\
ycJroxHrreT
KOMnOHOBKy
COOpyx{eHHfr,
B
pe3ynbTaTe
r{efo
rro
cocraBy coopyxeHnft osu
LoJrxHbr
6rrrn orsece-
Hbr K
AepHBauHoHHbrM
cxeMaM.
MunrevaypcKafl f3C Ha
p.
Kype
uMeer
ycra-
HoBJreHHy,Io
MourHocrb
370
Met B
trlecru
arpera-
TaX
H BBeAeHa B 3KCnJIyaralIHIO B 1953 ,r.
I'Ic-
nonb3yercrr
Hanop
B
65
J4,
Koropbrit
cKoHrIeHrpH-
Hbre
feoJrofHqecKHe
ycJroBHfl npe,u,onpe,u,eJrHJIH
coopy)KeHr{e 3eMJrrHoir
rrJroTHHbI.
Tax xax n"no-
TLrHa
HMeeT BeCbMa 3'HaqHTeJIbHyrO IIIHpHHy
IIO
ocHoBaHlIro,
To
AJruHa
ryp6HHHbIX
BOAOBOAOB,
Aaxe
flpo,'ro]KeHHbrx
no
xparvaftureMy
paccToff-
HXIO
qepe3
nJOTHHy,
OKa3aJIaCb
AOCTaTOqHO
3Ha-
qHTe.rbHofr.
llocroqHHarr HHepUHrr oKa3aJracb
B
3TOM
CIyI{ae
paaHOft
OKOJIO
4,3
Cerc,
qTO
nO-
rpe6oBaJro
ycrpofrcrBa
ypaBHHreJrrrHblx
pe3epBya-
poB
Ha
Ka)KJ.oM
BoAoBOAe.
Taxuu
O6pa'sou,
MaH-
reqavDcKarr f3c
no cocraB HLIW H
ApaBJILrqecKHM
fl
BfleHHqM,
KOTOpbre
HMeIOT MeCTO,
cra.ra f3C c HanopHor?
AepHBaunefr
(pnc.
6-34).
I3C MausKyafan-V Ha
p.
MaHHKyaraH,
firr.
JflIoUIeficq JreBbrM rrpHroKoM
peKH
Ce.
Jlaapeu-
r2.5
.Spetaatc
!:
6-6. THApOgJIEKTPOCTAH\HVL,
OTHQCTUIHECg
K
OCOBbIM
CXEMAM
B
coorsercTBua
c
npuHnroft
HaMH
K,rraccHOH-
xaqueft
K oco6brM
cxeMalr
rlbr orHocnNr
re
fdc,
y
Koropb-rx
KoHUe,HTparIlIr
Halopa
ocyuecrBJreHa
ilo
oLHoft
cxeMe,
a
KoHcTpyKTHBHbre
cxel{bl
co_
oplrxeHnrl
coorBercrByror,rpy,roft
cxeMe.
.Iru"
Bcero
B
3Tolr
cryqae
npHXoAfiTcq
aTbcg
co
Do0orPotLuJtuUe
lps0,tamenonuri
pcaep0lap
lPnngtn
'..
Q
J/aarle
'r.
'lLrrur
\j2+70
lpa0tunena-
t{b/J
Eo0onpuen-
HA
OnOpAA
6)
Puc. 6-34. Muunevaypcxaq f3C Ha
p.
Kype.
a
-
nrati 6-npo,u.orsnuf,
pa3p$
tro BoronpoBojlqulHM coopyxeHHcu-
Hny
.485,0
-/---
____,/
p
jaNfetu
Panpeietunenouce
Epeueatttisolonouevput +
uDezano0Mlu
?
lni
fi:ulue llo0todu
are
un0nbHu
Pnc.
6-35.
Odurufi
n.,laH
pacnoroxeHHfi
.Ala
uuxyararr-V
c u anopuori
aepHBaqfi erl.
rHfl
(KaHaAa),
o6nap.aer
uaroporr
B lb4 ,t,
Ko-
TopbIfi
CKOHIIeHTpHpOBaH
HCKIror{HTe.tbHO
rr.rroTr{-
Hofr.
B
orHorrreHr.rH
pacflo.rrox(eHufl
sIaHHs fOC
paccMarpHtsaJrurcb
pa3JrHqHbre
BaprraHrbr:
oT
oT
pacnoJroxeHHq
HelocpeIcTBeHHO
3a n"rronHHOri
.l,o
BBeAeHH'I
.qepHBaUHrr
l]r'jHr{o}i
5.6 Knr.
Ha
ocHoBaHlIIl
CpaBIlHTe"'IbHbtx
3KoHoMHr{eCKHX
pacrreroB
3laHr{e
f3c
6u.'ro
pa3MerrleHo
B 790
,u
HHxe
[,'rorHHbr,
KaK
noKa3aHo
Ha pvc-
6-35.
IIpu
3roM
o6uaq
.{JtrHa
rroABo,4,a
9oAi,^i
or BoAonpHeMHr{Ka
Ao
rypbnH
cocraBHJra
I
030 ,ll, a
ilocroqHHafl
HHeprIHfi
nor,vquracb
He-
cKoJrbKo
6o.nlrue
6 cerc-
B
cn.ny 3roro
f3C
Ma-
HHKyaraH-V
cHa6x{aeTcr
Vpa;HHTerrrbHbrMH De-
3epByapaMH.
f3C
npeAro;araercs
BBecrH
B
sKc-
nJryaraUHro
B
1974
r. Ha
}louHocrb |
344
Mar
B BOCbMH
arperaTax.
B
Aa.llHefiureM
qHcIo
arpe_
faroB
[pe,q,noJro]KeHo
yBeJ'rHqHrb
-1o
i0.
trlnoio-
aporrHafl
rrJrorHHa
sToft
I-3C
HMeeT
Bbrcory
214
Jn
lI
6yAer caMoli
BbrcoKoft
rurornHoft
Taxofo
rnna
B
}lHpe.
.-
flpnnnortrHrlafl
f3C
Kapn6a
aa
p.
3arr6eslr
(A@pnra)
KoHuer.rrpHpyer
Hanop ro.lbKo
c
no-
r{orrlbro
flJrorrrHbr
(puc.
6-36,a)
. l{cxolr
H3
Kaqe-
cTBa cKaJIbI
3/lzHt'r€
fOC
ocyil{ecrBJreHo
noAselr-
ryHHenH.
B
,{aHuoru
cJyrrae
r.rHepuHoHHbrfi
Xanop
oKa3brBaercg
paBHbrM
14,3
u,
qro
r.r
gBHJrocb
coopyxeuuft
npunaoruuuor?
fOC
ocHoBaHrre\r,{Jls
ycrpoficrsa
ypaBHHTeJrbHbrx
pe-
3CPBYAPOB,
XOTfi
,{JIHHA OTBOAflUIHX
HAIIODHbIX
TyHHenefi
oTHocHTeJrbHo
HeBeJrHKa.
B
{aHHoe
BpeMrr
Ha
f3C
l(aprr6a
,B
npaBo6epexHoM
noA-
3errHor,l
[o\4erueHr{r.r
pa6oTaror
u]ecrb
arperaroB
no
lffi
Mer.
I4Merorcq
npe.lno.iroxeHHq
B
IaJlbHeIu]eM
\,'Be.rrHqHTb
MOUIHOCTb
f3c
ra
,coopvLrrTb
rrpaBo_
6epexiHoe
3AaHne
fDC
c
Aono.rHr;i;lHoft ycra-
HoBKorl
B HeM
arperaToB
CVMMaDHofi
rrrorr,_
Hocrblo
or
900
Ao
|
200 M7r-
f3C
II
o_rrepe4y
Ha
.resor\a
6epery
1pui.
O_:Z,af
Ir
Aocrpor?Kn II
ouepeAu
rroinHbr
Hny
Ova.i
.nxr
fia
uuJtee
BblcoKvn
oTMeTKV.
Ilocxonrxy
sosseAeHue
reBo6ep;xHoro
3Aa_
Oqeut
opHrHHa"rrbHofi
Ii
gxoHotr,nr,{Hoft
fl,BJrfl_
ercfl
KorrroHoBKa
coopyxeHuft
Bnlrcfrcxofi
fOC
Ha
p.
BH.rloe.
Kou{esrparrnq
Harropa
3.u,ecb
ocy-
IIIECTBJICHA
IICKJIIOqHTCJIb.HO
C NOMOUIbIO
IIJIOTI,I-
Hbi.
,flloritHa,
KaK
Bl,u,Ho
H3
pr.rc.
6-J7,6,
crpoaT_
cfl
B
ABa
grarra.
Ha
nepnou
sralre
s
1969
r.
soe-
::19"o
npano6epexHoe
3AaHHe
fOC
I
oqepeAr+,
3aoop
BOJ,br
.B
KOrOpOe
ocyllecTBJrreTc,
H3
BOAO_
copoca
(prrc.6-37,6
H
e).no
rrepe
HapauIHBaHHfl
n.rroTHHbl
6yaer
nocTeneHHo
noBbruaTbcg
oTlreT_
Ka
rropora
no4oc6poca
H
OrropHofo
rxapHHpa
ceJMeH.rHOfo
3aTBOpa;
nocJle
BO3BeAeHHs
sAaHHrr
Pr.c-
6-36. frl,4poo.nexrpo-
craHulrq
Kapu6a Ha
p.
3arr6e:u
(A(r,psxa).
a-oourKft
nnaH:
6-no-
nepecHbrii
lia3pe3
tro
apovHofi
Bo,4oc.fHBHofi
nJorfiHe:
6
-
pa3pes
no
Bc.4otrpKeuHrrKall x
no:3errHo]iy
3raHtrb fsC-
t26
*p.ft,fA
HHfl
f3C
c
npoxoAxofi
noAsoasqux
ryHgeJreft
127
/7as
samlopod
rrt-
vl-
r
c
62,2
6)
,4(tslsau
Puc.
6-37.
B,uarcficras
l3C
na
p.
Br;rroe.
a-rpo.[onbnhre
pa3pe
rlo Bo.qoc6pocy;
e_npoAorbHHtr
9-542
\
a)
Da3pe3
uo Boa(mpoBoartr{euy
r,paxTy
s
3traEHo
fgC
nepBof,
oqeFer.E.
pacnoroxeHHq coopy)KeHHft
;
129
--,75t,;75/ic
nt
Pltc.
6-37.
Bfirroiicxac
na
p.
Bunroe-
d-npoaoaunufi
paspeg
no
tonpoBo!.fluleIy
TpaKry H
fltrlo f3C
II
oqeoeau.
./Jttocfpor:
2
nVattema
nrt
/0u
c l(/lanalr
aanca/raMu
0P!
//0u
J5n6
l++t+L--
n;----*-6lt'
H--
-
nol3eMHbIMII
BbIpa6orKaMlt
B
Ber{Hoft
r{ep3Jlore
BbIflBHJIO
pfl.
npOrI3BOACTBeHHbIX
3aTpyAHeHIIii,
cxeMa npoll3BoAcrBa
no
flpaBo6epexHoMy
3Aa.-
H'Hlo
fAC
npl{Hflra
o6st'{Hofl
-
c
flpoK,'IaAKoft
BOAOBoAOB C
IIoBepxHocrI'1.
cxeua
.'IeBO6epe)K-
Hotl
BHJIoficKofI
I-3C
c
KoHueHrpalrllefi
Harlopa
nflorHHofi
BKJIIoqaer
B ce6fl
3J'leMeHrbl
6esuanop-
HOft
Aepl'lBaq'HH,
r. e. HaIIOpIIbIri
6acceiiu
u [oA-
BoAffurrri
KaHaJI.
fng,pos.nexrpocraHrlrnl't,
KoHI{eHrpauHfi
Hano-
pa
B
Koropblx
AocrHfHyra
3a
cqer
llpoBe.ll,eHHfl
6esuanopuoft
noAsoAqrrreil
AepHBaulll{'
raK)Ke
NIo-
ryT r,rMeTb
pflA
oco6eHHocrel:i.
B
xaqecrge
:ilpuMepa
paccMorpnM
Hapacxyro
fOC Ha
,p.
HapBe, Koropas
nepeA
BnaAeHHeM
u BaJrrr.IftcKoe
Mope
llMeer
ps4 BoAorIaAoB
H
cpaBHHreJrbHo
6oJrbrrrofi
yx.non.
,I[epnnaqua
n n'n-
^ ^ ^^..rr-^r.*^.F^
820 nllcerc,
npoBeAeHa
rro npaBoMy
6epery
HIiMe-
er o6rqyrc
AJrH,Iry
2,14 rcu.
.[,epnnaqnr
BbITIoJIHe-
Ha
c roprr'soHraJrbHblMu
6poBKaMH.
Pacqersuft
Ha'nop ryp6nn cocraBJrfler
22,6
u.
Bau4y
MaJrofo
HaIIopa
BMecro
HanopHofo
6accefina n ryp6nn,rrbrx BoAoBoAoB
ropell
KaHa-
na
nepeK,pbrr
3Aar{HeM
f3C, xoropoe
KoHcrpyK--
THBHO
MOXeT BOCnpHHflTb
BeCb
HcnO,'Ib3yeMbII'l
Hanop
(plrc.
6-38,d
H 6).
B
cranuuoHHoM
y3JIe
,aflfl
o6poca IIIyrH
H3
AepLlBalIHH
HMeeTCs IIJyro-
c6poc (pnc.
6-38,a).
Cneayer
orMernTb,
tITo
BogMoxHo
lrctloJlbgo-
BaHr.re
AepHBa'qHoH,Horo
Ka|fl'aila
f3c
a.nr
cyao-
xoAcTBa, KaK
sro
HMeer Mecro
na l3C
@ecceg-
Mou{Hocrb fOC 176
Mar, ona
BBeAeHa
n crpoll
s
30-x roAax
6u.rro
nprulro
peureHue
o
crpou-
TeJIbcrBe Ha
JreBor\r
6epery
Eorruroro
Snlsaccxo-
ro
KaHaJra
AJrfl
HylKA 3HeprerHKrr
H
cyAOxOACrBa.
fOC
Oecceuxerlu rrBrrrercn
3-ir cryneubro
l(ac-
r(aAa.
Bepxuurrl
6re$on
srofi
fOC
xBrflercr HLIx(-
nuft
6re$ f3C Oruapcxeilv.
flyrera npoBeAeHufl
KaHaJra
A.nr.lsoft
14,8
rcn ua
f3C
d>ecceHxetiu
cKoHrreHrpupoBaHo
naAeHlte
n lB,5
.rr.
Cxopocru
BOAbI
B
KaHaJre,
eCJIU
Hl{erb
B
rBll.{y
cyAoxoAcrBo,
He
[peBbnrlator
1,2 ulcerc.
B
xouue
KaHaJI
pas-
,{BAI'I.BAETC'I:
BJIEBO
HACT BCTBb X
SAAUHrc
I3C
n aoAoc6pocy,
Koropblfi
ueo6xoAttM
AJII
cna6xe-
HLrs, noAori uuxeJrexaulxx
crynenea
KaHaJla;
BrrpaBo
HAer
cy,AoxoAHarr
BeTBb,
KoTopafl
3aKaH-
IINBAETC'I
IIIJIIO3AMH.
SUCPTCTNUCCKHC
H
CYAOXOA-
HbIe
KalraJrbr
BbInoJIHeHbI
C ropH3oHTaJIbHbIMI'l
6nnprqvn /nun 6--?Q\
Ha
prac.
6-40-npuneAeHbl
rJIaH
H
pa3pe3bl no
3naHHro fOC
Oecceuxeftu.
Vxagannue rrpHMepbI
npeAcratsJIsIor
co6oft
I3C c
6esuanopuoft
aepunarlneft,
uo 6ea
Hauop'
Horo
,6acceftna
*r ryp6uuultx
BoAoBoAoB,
T.
e.,
no
HarrreMy
M,H€Hr{ro,
I3C
c oco6ltuu
cxeMaMH.
Bcrpeuamcfl raKxe
AepHBaIrHoHHbIe
fgc,
y
KOTOpbIX
IIO
AJIHHe
IvleHfilOTCt
THnbI
,4epHBaI\AH.
Oana
us raxltx
fOC
Husa-III
yxe
6ula
onsca-
rra
Bbrrrre
(pnc.
6-32).
Ha
pltc.
6-41
.(auu
n.lan
u
n'poaolruuri
paspe3
no
coopyxeH^HqM
Kpac-
sononsscroft
fOC
Ha
p.
Msmvre.
f3C
BcrynH-
.rra B
crDofr
B 1949 r.
H ulleer
MourHocrb
28Mat-
Hanop, cKoEIIeHrpIdpoBaHHbIft
AeprBaulteft,
co'
..ootlo- | lO r Onqnfi uq r,rrtBI{BIx zanac
gtoi4
fOC
gsrqercn
pa6ora
Ha nnKax
cyrounoft
ua-
rpysKu
c
o6c.nyxnBaHl{eM
Ky'poprHoro
pafioua
6,r'ug
r. Coqu. Pexa
MsstMTa
HMeer
cpa,BHHTeJIb-
HO
Ma.rrble
pacxoAbt, Ito
B
IIaBOAOK
Hecer
3HaqH-
Hanopuo,a
69
cceiua
Puc.
6-88. Hapscxaa
fDC
na
p.
Hapae
c
6esnanopuofi
noanoAsqefi
4epuoaqueft.
4
-
o6quf,
IInaE
craBusoHEoro
y3na;
6-pa3pee
uo ryp6uuxun
Bo.loBoaail
u
g,uansp
f3C.
9*
'a
1958
r. B sepxrneM
reqeHnu
p.
PefiH, flBJIflIo-
qeficq
rpaHuuefi Melr(Ay
OpaHqnefi'n
OPf,
uue'
er
6o.nlnroe
naAeHHe
H nopox{'scroe
pycno. Eue
I
J
*
lI
gt
'l-
l3l
t30
+PAHUltff
Sadtaoi
Ltteaecxui
Kdfla
n
Atpsot
(
2 aunxul
l1oBept
uocnt
seutu
tq0
ilo1ep{nocmo'aeunu
--80r0--
6-6
v4170.
165r0
d)
Cg0owduoti
216,00
_Y,
?04,00
floBeptuocmio
SEMTU
p.
Peiln
floBepcnocmo
SeMIU
Pacnotoxeant coopyxeaxf,;
6_Tf,soaNe
lonep€qEf,re
ceqeEE'
KaHaroB.
r32
133
/4t
--
Pac.
6-40.
3laune
l3C @ecceuxefirr.r.
4
-trJraH;
6-
paapeau
uo
arperary
E
Eo.[.oc6pocy.
06nu4oBxa
216,00
| 2tu
qu
06nu4oBxa
21450
H
-l
futllt:t.ttrcnt"1tt'"
a/"|!
\t'
I
Eodocdpoc
u
forucmoi
ciPocaoi
nonaq
fJC
$
N
N.
s
S
"3\
\
\
s
G
I
€
N
g
E
F
\
{
s
O.rY=
v
i
xl:;
.7.
a:;t
3
g
F="S
5= rc,
:S EF':
,-<*
E!r=:,
v I :=;
E:
_X=6
doSEFYF
T
=
ft
5
|
i;
-
o\o a o
..\
> :
j
uv: l:'-=
^*!'/
=
=:6
{.
.s
\
Ss
\\
t€
s+
N\
*R-
R-\
\-
'-s
s
"i
5q:
\\
\s
SS
.Sx
-3'i
*
t
ts
\€
l$o
i€
"o:\
\:-
s\
\
\
.R
s
\
€
€
eJ
s
s
aJ
€
\
,^\
$
t
's
tr
NS
s\
|n
{
\
\
G
\
F
\8
ss
*R
:€
Rr
€*i
\
\
\
"s
=i
N
*8
i:
\\
.s.s
N'trS
s
\
\
s
s
s
s
F
\
:'s
'si
$€
N\
$
\
s
\
\
Puc.
6-41.
KpacHono.laHcr<as
f3C
na
p.
.i\{auure.
a
-
n.raH; 6
-
upoaoarHutft
pa3pe3
no coopyxeHHqM.
TeJrbHoe
KoJrHqecrBo HaHocoB.
Eopr'6a
c
HHrrH
MOrJra
6urr
opraHH3oBaHa roJrbr(o npu
ycJroBIrH
noBepxHocrHofo
BoAo3a6opa
(cu.
r.rr. 7)
;
nooro-
My,
KaK
BHAHO
H3
pHC.
6-41
,6,
HaqaJrb'Hafl
qacrb
.u,epHBauHH
Bbrno.rrHeHa
6esHanopuoft
n
euIe ryu-
Herrr.
.[la.nee
Ha rrpaBo]'r
6epery
p.
MsHMrbr
B
.4aM'6ax
H
qacrblo
B Bbrer\{Ke
pacnoJrox(eH
6ac-
ceftH cyroqHofo peryJrHpoBaHr.rfi,
cHa6)KeHHblri
xoJrocTbrM
BoAoc6pocoM
AJrfl
npeAoxpaHeHHs or
nepenoJrHeHHs.
Bcs
xoseqHarr
qacrb
AepHBaTIHH
H coeAHIrH-
reJrbHbrft oTpocToK or Hee K 6acceftHy
cyrorrHoro
peryJril
poBa
H}tfl BbrrroJrHeHbr H anopHbr MH. crauqn-
oHrrbrr?
y3en
coopyfi<eHvil
y
Kpacuono.uq'Hcroft
fOC
-
o6brcHoro rnna
c
pa3MerrIeHHeM ypaBHH-
TeJrbHoro
pesepByapa
Ha orBerBJreHHH.
Bosuoxsu
eue Ir
Apy,rue
cxeMbr H3\reHeHHfl
Tltna
AepHBauHH,
KaK 3TO
fiMeer rlrecro
n
cenru-
neeBcKofr
fOC
Ha HesflHHoMslccKoM r(aHaJre.
CeHruJreescxas
fOC s
rpex
ryp6HHax
riMeer
MorrlHocrb
l5
Mar
H nvqeHa
B
gKc,nJrvaraqHro
s 1954
r.
H'HHOMbICCKUft
KAHAJI
Hpaer
Iure
KarraJIa-
Hppl{raurrq
H o6BoAHeHHe
geMeJlb.
Blrecre
c reu
u-exAy
r(oHuo\r
KaHaJra
r{
pycJroM
p.
Eropnux
ulr.reercs
ne,pelta.r. orMeror( i-+Z
u.
Oll-ro
H HcrroJrbgoBaH
AJrs
coopvx<eHus
Ceuru-
.reescxoi
fOC
(puc.
6-42,a).'Aepilna,urioHlrbni
Ka,HaJr
CeurllJlee,scxoir
f3C
HaqHHaercfl
or
Mecra
xoJlocroro
c6poca B
p.
Frop;rr--rr{
H rr}.reer
npors-
)KeHHe
3,46
rcu; oH BbrnoJrHeH
c fopn3oHTaJrbHbr-
llu
6ponrauu.
Cx.lon
x
p.
Erop.llbrr(
B paccMa-
rpr.rBae]toy
paftoHe
BecbMa
noJrorHrt.
lIpH
nanope
Herro
oKo.ro
45 n
oruouenue
L/ H)30,
raxau
o6pa3oM,
npuMeHeHrre
o6uqsofi cxeMbr
rvp6Hn-
r{brx
BoJI,OBOTIOB
OT HanOpHOrO
6acceftsa
K 3.4aHI{K)
f3C
crauoBHTCH
oqeHr,
Trrx{eJbrM.
Brrxoaolr
lrs
IIoJrox(eHHrr
rrBHJrocb
pa3\leIueHIIe
ypaBHHTeJrb-
Iroro pe3epByapa
B6Jrr4srl
3Aar{Hr f3C
(pnc.
6-42,6).
B
AaHuotvI
cJryqae
KoMnoHoBr{a fOC
c
AonoirHHTeJrbHb|u
r(oHeqHbr\{
yqacTKoM
Hanop-
ttoft
4epueaqfin
sB,IseTcfl cJre-qcTBHeM
oqeHb
IIo-
Jrororo
rraAeHHfl
tvrecrHocra.
Tax KaK
y,paBHlr-
re"ntuurft p$epByap
pasMerrreH
s6nuau
sr,aHvfl
tuuldg
douo11
N
\
s
€
$
!q
ss
F-F
S':
ss.
$r'
\.Q
\
EJ
N
's\
\
\
s
s
{
\
s
F;.
s
E
g\
:\
\
\
N
N
c5
$
v
s
€\
\
\
s
$
S
^s
(--
\
a
t
s
\s
Ft"
s\
e
$
p.
Ky6auu
H
saKaHquBaercfl
xarculee
pycno p.
Erop.uux.
c6pocoM
Ocuonuoe
BoAy
H3
B
.nepecbr-
HaSHaqe-
I-3C.
nnllua rvo6lru
ycraHoBnBrrrr.lftcx
pexrrl,r
n ryp6znax
n
ryp6uH-
HoM
BoAoBoAe
rrporeKaer ropa3Ao
6raronpnar-
Hee.
134
Tgnncttt
I'/
:t
|
il
a
la
6
y u/l
n a oil/7
o
cm
fr
e
^u
\
\
\
135
f
-naaa cedbilafl
THAPOTEXH
Hrt ECKH E COOPyXEHHf
THI.POSJI EKTPOCTAH
UH
II
7-1.
KJIACCT{OHKAIIH' rH.IPOTEXHHqECKI|X
vvvrsakrrrtn
I nArv?alE\t
rvvtntttlratn
B
Sasricuil,iocrH or
cBoero
syiix,iiuoHaJrbiroro
Ha3HaqerrHfl
rnApoTextrHqecKr{e
coopyx(eHHs
Mo-
ryr
6url noApasAeireHbl
Ha
pqA
BrrAoB.
fH4po-
TexHHrrecr(He
coopyxeHHq
KaxAofo
BHAa
lroryr
6urr no4pa3Ae.rreubr
raKxe no KoHcrpyKrHBHbrtr
Tr.r[aM H
r{aTepHa,ry.
Bo,q,oHanopHbrMH
coopyxeHHqMH
flBJrflrorcr
IIJIOTHHhT,
B pe3ynbTaTe
coopyx(eHHs
Koropbrx
co3Aaercf, pasHocrb
6le$on- fl.norusu rroApasAe-
JIffIOTCfl HA BO,4OCIIHBHbIE
H ruIVXHE.
B o4oc
JIr{
B H Lre
n
Jr
orrrrr b[ nponycKalor
[aBo.q,KoBbre
pacxoAbr
qepe3
crerlHaJrbHbre
oTBep-
crHr,
Koropbre B o6uquoe
BpeMq
gaKpbrrbr
3a-
TBopaMH, HJIH
rloBepx cBoero
rpe6uR,
Ha
Koro-
poM
rlaEe
Bcefo
To)r(e
ycTaHaBJIHBaroTcg
SaTBo-
pu.
Ec"rru
c6poc
usrr.ruieft BoAbr
npoucxoAnr
no
crrerlHaIbHbrM
Coopyx(eHHflM
H
He 3aTparr{Baer
nJIorLrHy,
To oHa
lra3blBaercf
r JI
y
x
o
fi.
Boaoc6pocHbre
coopyx{eHHff npo-
IIycKaIor
qepe3
ce6s
nasoAKoBbre
pacxo,qbr
r.t
flB-
.tlqlorcq
HeoTaeMJreMoft
qacrlro
ronoBnoro ygJra
coopyx(eHuft
npa
rnyxnx
nJroruHax.
Koncrpyxqus
soAoc6pocoB
Mo)Ker 6urt
ca-
moft
pas,noo6pasnofi:
no,Be,pxHocrH
bre
BoAo,c6pocur
ilpofiycKaror
qepe3
ce6n
oepx-
Hr.re
cJron Bo.[,br
H3 tsoAoeMoB;
rly6HHHbre
BoAOBbInyCK[t,
HasHaqeHHeM
KOTOpbrx
qB-
Jlffercff
BbI[ycK
BoAbr r,r3
Bepxnero
6leQa
4.nn
Ha4o6Hocreft
nppnraquu,
BoAocHa'6x<eunr
n np.
3aKJIaAHBaTOTCfl
HHx(e
ypOBHff
BO,[,br;
B HeKOTO-
pblx
cryqaffx
Ha n.ny6uHHbre
,s9[oB[ir[]cr{H
Bos-
Jlaraercs
raxxe
BaAaqa c-6poca
HgnurrlHux
pac-
xoAoB.
Bo.q,oe a 6o pHue
coopyx(eHur
(noao-
npueuuttrn)
fiMetclr
cBoHM
rraauaseHreu
ea6op
BoAH
nE,
Bepxuero
6reSa.
Onr
no.npa3AeJrflrorcr
Ha rJly6nuubre
H rroBepxHocrHbre. flo-
BepxHocTrrbre
BoAorrpHeMHltKr{
llacTo
BbrnoJrHfl
ror
raKx{e H
sar,av.r
6opn6rr
c Ea,HocaMH
(alr
aa6o-
pa
B
AepHBar{uro
ocBerJrerr,Hofi
noau).
Lny6unune
BoAsflpHeMwuxr
sa6aparor
Bo,q,y
Ha
'rury6EHe
n He
ocyuecrBJrrrcr
6opr6y
c
HaHo-
cauu. I'ly6LIHHbre
Bo4onpueMsnxu
o6uqHo
npn-
MeHflroT
Ha foJloBHbrx y3Jrax,
rAe ocyuecrBJreH
HI
BCneAcrBHe
perynHpoBa,HHq
HbIM.
flBJrfleTCr
[epeMeH-
B o,qon
p
o B
oAs rrlH
e
coopyx(eur.rff nporry-
cralor uepee
ce6a
pacxoA
BoAbr B
Tex
r{JIu
HHbrx
r36
ycJroBnflx.
flo ocrosHoMy
rnrry
csoefi
KoHcrpyr(-
ITUU
H
YCNOBIIflM
NPOBCACI{fl'
,BOAbI
OHI{
MOrYT
6urs
no,{pasAeJteghr
Ha cne.qyoune
Bl.tAbr,
Koro-
pbie
r
paccMarpr.rBarorcq
s
AartHefi,uleM
H3Jroxe-
HHII
OT.IICJIbHO.
Hano;pHr,le
Ha3eM'HbIe
BoAonpo-
B
oA rr rq
H
e c o
o
pyx(eH
u r.-
rpy6oflpoBoAbr,
IlpoJrox{eHHbre
r{a
,rroBepxuocrH
3eMJr}r. Orru r,nle-
tor
c,soefr
eaAaqeft
npoBecra BoAy
no rpacce
B ycd'roBHrx
HanopHofo pexHMa.
EesH
a no
p
Hbr
e
H a 3e Iu.H br
e B
oAo n
p
o-
BOA
s ulH
e c
oo
pyx(eH.Hfl -naHa.rrbr,
6caHa-
nopHbre
tpy6sr H
JrorKH, I{Metox{ue
csoeir
saAa-
veft
nporecrtr BoAy
no rpacce B ycJroBusx
6esrra-
nop,Hofo pe)r{HMa.
T
y
HH
eJr
H
-BoAorr'poBoAflrr{He
coopyxeHnr,
BbrrrorHeHHbre
-
rroAgel,rHrtu
cloco6onl. O
Hn
n
McroT
csoerl
saAauerl npone4eH[e
BoAbr B ycJroBuflx
Ha-
nopHoro
u.lln
6esganopHoro
pex(HMa,
B
coorBer-
crBuH
c 3THM OHI{
noApa8AeJrsloTcfl
Ha
HanopHbre
u
6esuanopHue.
H anop
Hhre
6accefi
Hu
rrtsJrflrorcfl
Ko!r-
II"[eKcoM
coopy)KeHtrft,
ocy,ulecrBrgrotrllrrr
rlepe-
xoA
6eananopuoro
AepH,BaqnoHI{oro
BoAoBoAa
n ryp6uunuft
BoAoBoA.
B
cocraBe
HanopHofo
6acceftHa
Moryr
6urt coopyxeHufl
4.nx
6opu6r,r
c
HarIocaMH
H
JIbAoM, a raKxe
no4oc6pocsr.
Vp anHrrreJrbHbre
pe3e,pBy
ap
br cJry-
)KAT
AJIS
CHH}I{CHH'
BCJII,IqHHbI
THAPATJIHqECKO|C
yAapa
H BocrrpHrraq
xore'6aHnfr
uaccu BoAbr
npH
f BJIeHHSx
HeyCTaHOBUBIIIeTOCg pe>KLi\Ia.
T
y p-
6urssbre
BoAoBoAbr
npoBoArr BoAy
r
rypbil-
HaM
HS
coopyxeHr.rff,
HMero[lefo
cso6oAHHft ypo-
BeHb
BoAbr:
BepxHero
6le,Qa, Hanop,nbro
6acceir-
Ha Hnr.r ypaBHnreJrbHoro
pesepByapa.
3lau Hs.
ruApo3JreKrpocrau
u
nft
ss-
rqrorcr
MecroM
ycraHoBKH
rn,4poarperaros.
3Aa-
ttnq
fOC
Moryr
6urt HaseM,r{brM}t
HJrH [oAseil{-
HbIMH.
Cyaox
oAHhre coopyxeHH
R
no3BoJrfl-
Ior
cyAaM
npeoAoJreBarb
noAnop BoAhI,
o6paao-
naunuft
Bo3Be,{enuertr
fOC.
Oco6nvlt
coopyx(eHHgMH
flBJIflrorcrr
raKlKe
puSoxoAbI,
nJloroxoAbr
H T.
A.,
Koropbre
B
Hacrosureli
rcrnre
He
paccMarpngarorcq.
fllorusu
n
oo4oc6pocnue
coopyxeHlfi,
BKJrnqafl
r;ry6nHnsre
Bo,qoBbInycKlI,
orHocflTcrr
ro
$
7-2,
B KoropoM
ocBeuell
nplllrul{n
paoorbl
[JorHlt
r-
,B
nocleayrcure[I
[t3.IIo:KeHHI{
Her
t{
cyAoxoA-
Hbrx
coopyxennft
(ul,rrcsoa,
cyAoxoAl{blx
xalla-
JroB,
cyAonoAbeM,HHKoB
u
r. n.),
nocxo.nbxy
oHII
ffBJIfl
rorcn
cnequQuuecKllMu
coopyx(eHHtlMa
BoA-
nulu
rPanLrrvPrq.
7-2.
OCHOBHHE
NOHflTHfl
O
PAEOTE
NJIOTHH
fl.nornnu
sBJlglorctt
oAHHtt
l'l'e Hau6oJee
BalK-
riErx
H OTBeTCTBeHHbIX
cooPyxeHufi
ru4po3JleK-
rpocrau'uttfi,
rfin,
KoHcrp)'K(Hq
u ra6apnru
xoro-
pblx OlpeAeJlRIOTCfl
Itr\lero[llttlHcfl
npHpoAHbIMH
ycJroBr{flt\{H. B coorsercrBult
co cBoHM
Ha3Haqe-
rrlre
rrJIorI'IHa
iloABepraercn
Bo3Aeficranrc
pn4a
CHJI,
H3
KOTOpbIX
rfJI?BHOft
flBJltercfl
cHJIa
Q,
o[peAeJrfeMas
KaK
pa3llocrb
rHAp^ocTaTlrqecxfix
aai.nesnft
soAbl
Qo
i
aepxnero
Ir
Q,,
c
IIIllKHero
6re$on
(prac. 7- l
)
.
,II,as
eltnoanelrrifl
cBollx
Qyni<unft
IrJIorHHa
AoJI)KHa
6ttrl
ycroftqusoii ua
Cesnr
r npovHoft
B oTHoIUeHHH
Bcex
4eficrnyn-
ulHx
r{a
}{ee ctr.[.
Ecnti
tta n.rtort'IHy
Bo3JIafaercr
3a,{aqa
flpoflycKa
H3JIlIUIIrllx
rIaBoalioRblx
pacxo-
AOB,
TO
AOJIX(nbl
,6rtrb
npoeepel{bl
raKi'l{e
II f}t-
ApaBruqecKIte
ycJloBHtt
pa6oru
rtJ'torll[IbI
B
ycJIo-
Brrfl\ nportycxa
ttatt6o.rttrltl€fo
pacrlerlloro
pac-
xoAa.
lIoA
iBJlr{rIIHeM
Ilaltopa
Hetioropoe
IioJIHqc-
CTBO
BOAbI flpocaqllBaeTcq
qepe3
ocHOBaHI.le
nJIO-
THrIbr
It BbtxoAHT
s
H14xHtlfi 6le$,
ABllraflcb
B npoMex(yrl{ax
\{e)xAy
rlacrlrual{ll
rpyilra
IIJIII
no rpelllHHaM,
eCJII'l il.IIOTHHa
OCHOBaHa
I{a
CIiaJIe
(puc.
7-t). 3ro
qsneHne,
I'IMeloxree
upesnuuafi'Ho
6o.nluroe 3HaqeHI{e
B r'HAporex}IrlKe,
Hocur
Ha-
3BaHHe
Qlr.n
srp a tlHH.
fs.reuue
$lt"lurpaqutl
o6yc.non.ilunaercn
B ocHoBHolI
csolicrear'{lt
rpyll-
Ta,
Ha
I{oTopo}I
ocHoBaHa
rI"rIorI'IHa,
a TaKxe
Ha-
rropoM
I.I
KoHcrpyKuseft
u.lornHbl
II B
3aBHcllMo-
cru
oT
coqera,Hur
yKa3aHHbIx
Qarropon
Moxer
nporrBJrflrbcrr
pasnHqHbItrt o6pasou.
ooHosHHe
ue-
6.na'ronpIErrHbte
flBJIeHl{fl,
cBtBaHHbIe
c
(pl4rbTpa-
qnefi,
cne,u,yrcIque:
a)'Qu.nnrpar{uounuft
rloroK
oKa3brBaeT
,4aBJIeHHe
Ha
[oIoIIIBy
nJ]orHHbI
-
cvta
V
(puc.
7-l)
u reu caMbIM
yMeHbllraer
ycroftvunocrb
ITJIoTHHbI;
6)
nueer
Mecro
oflpe-
r,ereHHaq
yreqKa
BoAbt
B
nltx'Hnfi 6rcQ
-
nore-
pff
BoAbr,
BbrSbIBaIOUlafl
HeAOIICilOJIb3OBaHHe
CTO-
'
r(a;
a) nosuoxeu
BbIMbIB
qacrl{q
rpyrnra
noA
ocHoBaHneM
nJlorLtHbt
H
Hap.vureHlte
ee
ycrofrun-
Bocrn. Bnuay
3roro npoei(rupoBaHl'le
II coopyxe-
IIHe
nJrOTI.lHbI
HeBO3MOXXI'I
6eS
AeraJIbHOro
H3y'
qeHnfl
HHx(eHepHo-reoJIorHqecKlI-x
oco6egsoctefi
qul6
mpdlilroqHbl e
mqtu
Puc. 7-1. OcxosHbre
cu.rrH,
leficrsyrculue
Ha nnorguy.
oorronarrfis, rta
r(oroporf
pacnoJraraercff
no.u.oura
nJrorHHbr.
Culr n.nnsror
peuaFolquu
o6paaou
ua
riotlcTpyKuillo IIJIoTHHbI, a
CJIeAOBaTeJIbIIO, H Ha
ee cToHMocTb.
flpn'npoexrn.poBauHH nJrorHH
npoBoArr
pac-
rrerr,r
rr.rApaBrHqecKlre,
Qu,nrtpa,UuolrHbIe,
pacqe-
ru
ycroriuttBocrr{ H [poqHocrlt.
fHapaBJrHqecKHe
pacqerLl
B
ocHoB-
Horlr
cBoAfrcs
K
onpeAeJleHllro
pa€MepoB
orBep-
crnir
u.lill BeJIHgIt'HbI
nepeJIHBaIoule'ro
cJIog, He-
o6xoAnlrnx
Aflr
nponycKa
paoqerHoro
pacxoaa
qepe3
nJlorll'Hy
IIpH
IIpHHtITOM
y,pOBHe
BOAbI
B BepxHeM
6re$e.
Kpoue
roro,
npofi3BoArrcs
pacr{erbr pexrrMoB
HH}KHero 6ro$a
npn
c6poce
c rrJrorrrrrr{
Maccbr
BoAbI.
fIpH
arou rpe6yercx
noracllTb BecbMa
3HaqHTerbHoe
I(OJII{qecTBo
SHep-
fHH, orrpeAsrselroii
pacxoAoM tt
sulcoroft
naAe-
uns.
Koseqsoii
Ile.nlrc TaKHX
pacqeroB
qBrflercfl
r(oHcrpyHpoBaHHe
crHeHofi
qacrn
n.ilorHuut,
o6ec-
rrequBarouleft
6esonacHstfi
c6poc
pacxoAa
BoAbI
H OrcyrcrBr{e
BpeAHbIx
pa3MbIBOB
pyCJIa
peKlr
Henocpe,u,crBe,Hno
ga
n.noruuoft
.
O
n.n rrp aquoH
H bIe
p
a cq
erbl
3aKJIIoqa-
nrcfl
B
o[peAeneHun
gIIIopbI
AasJteuafi
Qnnrrpa-
TIHOHHOTO TIOTOKa
Ha
',nOAOITI'By
[noTllHbl, HaSbI-
raeuoft [porHBoAaBJreHHer\{,,n'ycraHosJleHun
ycronnfr
lpeAorBpalqeHufl
BbIMblBa
rIacrHII
rpy'H'
ra'H B onpeAeJreHuu
o6qeft
norepl'{
BoAbI
Ha
Qunrrpaqmo
Peurarculnun
qBJtttlorcr
p
acqer,bl
ycroE-
qnBocTIl
TIJIOTH,HU.
B OCHOBHOM
BCff COBOK]trI-
Hocrb
cr.IJr,
.4eticrnyrculnx
Ha nJIorHHy, Moxer
6urt,
cseAeHa
I(
cJIeAyIoIIIHM
TJIaBHbIM
cHJraM
(puc.
7-l): cnJre
Q,
ua'npan.nenuoft
B
cropoHy
HrrxHero 6reQa,
o6yclon.neunofi
pasuocrblo
AaB-
.'reHr.{fi
Bo.irbr
Ha
nJIorHHy c
BepxHero
6letpa
H
Hrr)K'Hero 6reQa;
cu.ne
P,
coorrBercrByloqefi
Becy
ltJrorrHbr
H
[epeJluBatourerocff
cJIofl
BoAhI
(npn
Harilqfir{
ero),
lt cur'e
'V,
qsrsloqeficfl
paeHo-
4eficT
ryrouefi
nporHBoAaBIIesHfl,
Qullrpaqnou-
IIbI
r.r
KoHcTpyKrrnfi
Koropbrx
3a,BHcsT
B
ocHoBHOnl
or
MecrHblx
yc.noanii
n
l{agflaqeHufl
TIJrorLtHbr
(upprrauux,
sjHeprerzKa,
cyAoxo4cruo).
Bsuay
eroro
o6qHM
BorrpocaM
rrJroruH
rtocBqtt{eH
Torb-
M THAPOTCXHHqCCKI,IM
COOPY}KCHHflM,
TH-
I
.[,rg
npe!,gapnTeJrbrtoro
3HaKoMcrBa
c n'IIorHHaMIr
pe-
KorreH,u.yercfl
xypc
A. P. Eepesnncxoro
<fu,u,oorexllnqecxHe
H3vqeltlts
nJ'IorHH
fi eoaoc6pocon
(c
r.ny6unnbrMI{
BoAoBbl-
ny,cxauu)
cJre.{yer
o6parurucn
K
KnaccuqqcKoMy
K}'pcy
Ivi. M.
f,puuruua
<InApmexHnsecKne
coopyxeHna>
(.[,.nn
uyaor).
M.,
Crpofiusaar,
1962, HnH
K Kypcy roro
)Ke
atro-
pA
*\s
rexHIrKyMoB cln4porexnuuecKge
coopyx(esugt.
M.,
<SHeprr.rr>, 1968.
-.'r_"...--.^-..r-
KlrHyrb
.nu6o
cAnnnyrb
[JIorHHy
no ocHoBaHHIo
B CropoHy
rrux,Hero
6seQa.
Kax
noKasblBaer
orIHT
npoeKTHpolBaHHff
,
p
aSMepbr
n.lIoTItHbI, onpe-
AeJreHHbIe
Ua
yC.nOnnfr orcyrcrBllfl
CABU'fa, O6Uq-
i
I
t:
I:
-t--
t37
nu
uucullcqllr,al(, I fl
ut3oltac,IlocTl)
I{a
onl)olillALI_
BAHHC,
FIpn
3rraqtrreJlbHLrx
rtanl)niKctrnrx,
ncpelra-
BaeMbrx
or
rroAotrjBbr
n"4oTr{rrbr
Ha rpy}rT,
Noryr
IIpoflBIITbcfl
oca.qKu
rpyr{ra,
n o6uleirr
c.qvr{ae
HepaBlrol\Iepllbte,
onacHbre
c
ToqKII
3rJelilrrI
I{a-
-ILeN(Hocrli
rJrorr.rHrJ. Brrlr4y
?Tot-o
lreodxoglrl.ro
IIpOBepflTb
A0nycTrjMocTb noJryqeHr{bl.\
no
pacqe_
Ty Hamprxeur.ut
sa
rpyHr
B coorBercTBnn
c ero
apnitccpq r-tu
Halr6o.ilee
npocrbrM
rBJrflercs
pacclrorpeHrre
c4BUra
nJroTHHbr
rro oc!{oBa!tHro.
EcJrr4
uepes
f
o6osHaqurt
xoaQQn,queHT
rpeHufl
lJrorHubr
no
rpyHTJ/,
TO
yCJrOBfle
rpeAeJlbHoro
paBHoBecur
Ha
c.4Bn I
H a,rrrrlreTcrr
cJre
jlyrcur.r
M
o6p
a:orr
:
(P-w)f
:Q.
(7-r)
Ba|lurc
B HyXHOM
KoJrr{qecrBe;
nperpaxleHrre
Ao-
cTyrra
B
Aepr{Baunro
rrJraBarculhx
npeAr{eToB
r.t
Mycopa,
6opr6y
co
JIbAoM
r4 HaHocaMx. B sH-
[o.tucHtiu
.3a.r,aqt{
6opl,6n
c tlaHocaMH
VqacTBveT
Becb
Koi\,rfl.'reric
coopvx(elllir
roJroBuoro
-ys.na,
nplr
3rot\1
Baxilbr
rre roJbt(o
THnbI,
KOHCTpyKUHH
II
pa3ruepbr
orAeJrbnbrx
coopyxeHHft,
rro
rr B3aHM-
HOe
pacno.lox(elrHe
fix.
/Jnn
3a6opa
B
AeprrBarIHro
neo6xo-
nrltrtnr^
,\rrrrrvr
{/
pqr^vA(r
DUADI
u^Ul{l_tuc
ultJep_
crue BoAorrpHeMHHr(a
f3C
aonxHo
.HMerr,
HVX(-
Hoe
cer{eHne
H
Ao.rIx(Ho
6btrb saroxello
ua coor-
DvrLrDJruulrr.\
utMgll\d.\,
c('Jul
ItpllllllMal'b
Bo
BITHMaHHe
r(oJe6aHnfl
ypoBHrr
soail
s BepxHeNl
Krarho P,
ubcr#c.
.D_.
car.tOpetyJfUpyiouittxcfl
Atpnbau,nH.\
(cM.
g
4-4) ypoBeHb
BoAbr
B
BepxHeM
6ne$e
IIpaxTur{ecKrr
qBIrreTcE
ypoBHelu
BOAbr
B
HaqaJte
AepltBaulrH,
OTJIIlqarrcb
JII{Illb
Ha BeJl}tqilHy
no-
Tepb
Ha
Bxo.re
H B
peuerrie.
3arropr,r
BoAorrprr-
euHblx
oraepcrrrfi
onycKalorcrr
A"rtq
noJrHoro
npe-
rpaxAeHt.tfl
.qocryna
BoAbr
,B
AeprrBarlrjlo.
llprr
HecaMopery,'lupyloutelicfl
neprrBauHH
B nepltolbr.
ilur
lt.{ pau.\uAbi
B
peKe
iviaJIbi,
iip.ii
nonlouiid 3a-
rBopa
B
BolonpHer,rHnKe pery,rrfipyercq
nocTy[_
.reHr{e
BoAbr
B
AepHBaur{rc.
Taxnu
o6pasou,
B
3aBrrcr.rMocrfi
or lu.u,paBrHrrecKoro
Tlrna
IepH-
BauaH
3aTBOpaM
BO.rIOnpHeMHrrKa
npr.rAaercrr
To
II.I],I
IIHOE HA3HAqCHIIE:
I{I4CTO
PCMOHTHOC
NPIt
car{open/Jnrpyrcnreftcq
lepr4BauH}r
r{
peryr'rrrpy}o-
trlec
npH HecaMopery.rrupyrouteficfl
Iepr.rBaurrrr.
llepe.u
3arBopaMrr
.II,oJrx(Hbr
l.rMerbcq'ra3bl
.[.']rr
onycKaHr{q
peMoHT}rbrx
3arBopoB HJrrr rxaH/Iop.
Eopr6a
c
MycopoM
A
rrnra,BarorrlH-
I\T
I,I
T E .II A T{ H
OCYUCCTBJIflCTCfl
IIPH IIOMOIIIH CO-
poyAepxHBaroutux
pelreroK.
B eoAonpueMHr.rr(e
06br.{Ho
cTaBr.rrcfl
To.,rbKo fpy6ar
pelrrerKa
c rrpo-
cBeraMH
r{e)KA}r crepxHrMl.I 15-20
cu.
.[,rq
sauxrbr
,[epHBarIHLI
or rro'naAaHur B Hee
rroBepxHocTlroro
Jrb!,a Bo.u'orlpI,IeMHHK
AoJIX{efi
6urn
cnaSxen
sa6pa,rluofi
cresxorl.
I(poue roro,
6"r nxaft
urnft K
BolonpuervHaKy
npoJrer irJroru rr r,r
.qoJrx{eH
o6ecnequsarb
c6poc noBepxHocrHbrx
cJto-
eB Bo.qbr (co
ns4om) B Hnx{rlnft
6teQ.
bopu6a
c
ruyroft
ocyulecrBJrrrercfl Kor.r'rrJreKc-
HO
BOAOIIpHeMHHKOM,
AepUnaqUefi
H HaflopHbr]r
6accefinou
r
6yAer onncaHa nzxe
($
7-B).
Ka-
xllx-.nn6o
crerluaJrbHbrx
ycrpoficrB
Ans
6opr6sr
c uryroft'B
BoIOrrpHeMHrIKax
O6uqsO He Hr{eercrr.
Eopl6a
c
HaHocaMH
flB.lrrrercq
caMoft
c.'toxnoft,
TpyAHofi
r.r orBercrBennoft
saAaqeft
no-
.4OIIpHeMHHKa.
Hexoropue
H3 cyrqecrByroqnx
xoucrpyxuufr
[oBepxHocTHbrx
Bo.4oIIpHeMHI{KoB pa,3perxaroT
3Ty
saaaqy.
oco6esno
B
qa,crH
AoHHbrx
rraHocoB,
.q,aJrexo
He rroJrHocrbro:
rrpu aKclrJryaTauHr{ fAC
npH,xoAHrcff
Bo llHOrHX
CJryqafx
3aTpar.n{BaTb
6o.nsune
cpeAcrBa
Ha
oquc;Ky
coopyx<enurt
or
.4OHHbIX
HaHOCOB,
3aBaJIHBaIOUILIX
BOAOrrptre\.rHbre
eKTHyro
opraHH3auHFo
BbI3brBaroT TpyAHocTr{
yAa-
JIeHLIff
OTJIOXHBIUHXCfl
AOHHbIX
HaHOCOB,
He npe-
AycMorperrHbre
BoBce
rpoeKToM. flpauvuoft
eropo
flBJIflercg,
c
oAuoti
cropollbl,
BecI)NIa 3HaI{ETeJIb-
Harr
cJrolKr.rocrb
ca,\40ii
sa.]|I,a.tn,
a c
.c,p.vroft-l{e-
AOOUeHKa
npoeKTfl]bl\lu
opraHH3aulltr'lll
oIIblTa I',I
yporioB 3Kcmnyaralllrll
flocrpoelrHux
f3C. 3lra-
I.II,ITE.IbHAq
CNO)KIIOCTb
NOCTABJICIII{OH
3AAAI{H
CTA-
HOBuTCfl
noIIflTHOfi
ll3
III,IXeCJIeAynuHx
coo6pa-
}(CHHH.
CosAaHue
noAnopa
H3MeHger
pex(Hlu
ABH)I(e-
rIIrrr
HaHocoB
Iro
pycJly
peKH no cpaBHeHnIo
c ecrecrBeHHblM
cocrofllIHerI
(puc.
z-zl
):
qepe3
crBop [JroTII]HbI
IIallOCbl
(Xpoue ]IeJlKHx
BsBe-
ureuHux)
soo6qe
He npo-\o.tlflr;
BbIlaAeHI'Ie
AoH-
HbIX
HAHOCOB
HAI]IIUACTC'I
B.
3OHC
BbIXflI'IHfiBAHHq
rroAfiopa;
c TeqeHHel\l
BpeMeIllI
rpsAa
oTJIox(HB-
IIIHXCfl
HaHOCOB
npOABA'faeTCq
nO IISIIpaBJI€THHIO
K IIJIOTIIHC.
Taxnv
o6pa3oM,
pe.nseQ
noBepxHocrll
or"'Io-
X(II,IBIIIHXC'I
B BCPXHCM
6UCQC
HAI{OCOB
H3MCHflCT'
cq
I,I3
ro,[a A
loA.
B
gepllraqfiIo
AJITI
rro;'tHofo
HcnoJ]l,3oBaHHr
croKa
B TerreHHe 60.nrureft
qacrH
foAa
.u,oJIx(eH
:a6ttparrcx
pacxoA,
panuufi
pacxo:.y
pexn.
Oa-
naxo sa6op
B
AepHBaqHIo
.4oHHblx
HaHOCOB
AOJI-
xeH rrpn6JrlrlKarbcfl
I{
Hy.IIrc.
Taxnu
o6pasov,
sAea.nrslrfi
BoAonpI{eMIIHK
AoJIxeI{
aa6uparl
noJrHocrblo
BcIo
BoAy
Il3
peKII, ne sa6ttpar
co-
BeprrreHHo
,4OHHbIX
HaIIOCOB.
3ry Sa4a'ly
eogo-
rpl{el\{HI,IK,EOJIX(eH
BbInoJII{fl Tb
B
ycJIOBHgX
I',l3lle-
Hqrou1eficq
Bo Bpc\{eHI'I
KoH0HfypauIIII
rpflALI
HaHocoB,
Ha,ntsIlfarculetlcq
no
AHy
peKll
K
nJIo-
THHE.
Eopr6a
c
AoHHbIMH
I{altoca\'II{
oc.vuecrBJlfler-
cn nyieu
ycrpoficrna BoAorlpl{eMnltx
orsepcrnfi
Ha
HeKoropori
sHcore
or
J,Ha,
T.
e. c noporoM
Toft
lrflH ltHoft srrcorbl,
a
raKx{e nyrerl
npoNIbIBa
npocrpaHcTBa
rlepe!, noporo\{
-
\rAaJIeHI{q
oTro-
x(rrBrrrHxcfl
flepeJ'I.
flopofoM
noHHbIx
Ha,HOCOB-
Eopt6a
c B3BetrleHt{bIMlt
HaHoca-
M H OCyqeCTBJrrIercs
g
orcroirnnxax,
fAe
n'po-
{o.rrbHL'!e
cKopoCTI.I TerIeHHfl
BO4bI 3HaqI{TeJIbHo
yMeHb[raloTcs;
B
cHJIy 3TO|O
BSBeIIIeHHbIe
HaHO-
cbr
oce.4,alor
Ha
AHo
otctottHsxa,
a ocBerJlenHatl
BOAa [OCTy'naeT
B
AepIdrBauHIo.
orfioxl'ts[IHecfl
HaHocbI
B
.llaJlbHeftilIeM AoJIx'HbI
6ltrn
cMbITbI
n
Hux<uutt
6re$.
Bce usoroo6pasue
KoHcrpyKIlHft
nonepxuocr-
HbIX
BOAOTIpHeMHHKOB
Onpe.IleJlfleTcf
rell,
KaKHe
3ALAqil
Bo3JrararcTcrr
,IIa
BoAOTIpHeMHLIK
B
qaCTH
6opn6u
c HaHocaMH
H
r{aK
9rH
3a'Aaql{
KoHcr-
pyKTHB,Ho peuarorcr.
B coorBertrBnu
c
3THM
BO,U,OIIpfieNrHrrKr{
MO)KHO
pa3.q,e"qHTb
Ha
TpH
OcHoB-
r{brx rHilla: BO.4,OrrpHeMHIIKI{,
Ha
KOTOpbIe
He BO3-
J'raraercrr 6opw6a
c Hauoca\IH;
BoAonpueMHLtI{tt,
npeAHa3uaqeHnbre
a.nr
'6opr6tI
ToJIbKo c
AoHHbI-
MH
HAHOCAMH:
BO,II,O4IIDI4C\1HI1KH
ulue
6opr6y
KaK
c
AoHHbIMH,
TaK
Lt
co
B3BeIIreH-
HbIM,H HaHOCaMH.
B
xaqecrse
npuMepa
nepBoro rl{rna
BoAolpn-
euHHKoB
paccMorpr,rM
foJroBHoft
ysen
Haprcxofi
fOC
ua
p.
Hap,ae
(puc.
7-2).
Pera
Hapna
nu-
TeKaeT
n3
q\rAcrioro
o3epa H
BnaAaer
e
OI'I'HcxLrfi
3aJrnB.
flepe,r
BIIaAeHIIei\.r B
3aJrtIB
p€Ka HMeer
rropox{rrcrblii
cxa,'lsuI'tii
yqacro(,
naAe,HHe
Koro-
pono
rr
lrclloJ'rb3oBaHo
AJq
coopyx(eunr
Hapn-
cxoit
f3C fl)'rerr
npoBeAeHHrr 6esuarnopuofi
.qepl-
BaUHH caMopefy.rlHpylouerocfl
THrIa no [paBoMy
oepefy.
DcJIeAc'lrulre
BIJ'l'€l(zltrlH
fl3
uJcPa
buAfrr
Hapnr,r cno6o.1tttt
or
HaIIocoB.
Ha
puc. 7-2,a
nan
ntan
no"'IoBHoro
y3JIa.
IJ
HaqaflbHorl
ceqeHllH
BoAotrIpHeMHrKa
ycrpoeHa
JreAO3aIqHTHarr
cTeuKa, Koropafl
qepe3
HMeIoIIIHe-
cs
s uert orBepcrlifi,
pac,r-IoJiolKeHlibie
HH)KeypoB-
Hfl
BOALI,
'npo[VcXaeT
B BOnO'n'pHeMHHK
pacxoAbl
BOAbr, rro orK.iroHfier
K
orBepcrl,lgM
BoAoc6pocnoli
IIJIOTflHt,r
rroBep\l{ocTl.tt'Ift
.n_el.
_3ro
nponcxoAHT
TIOTOxY,
IITO
}IA OTI,ICTIiC
HIIY
JICAO3AIIII,ITHA'I
creHKa rrpe.q.craB.IIfler
co6oli
crIJIolllHyIo 6a,rrxy.
Taxurr
o6paeoit.
6onslurte NIaccbI
JIbAa, HA-vurue
rro
peKe
c
qyACroro
o3epa,
HaIIpaBJIflIorcfl
K
or-
BepcrHflrr
eo,loc6pocHotl
nlorntrlt
u
c6pacuna-
r,orcr
B nuxuitii 6r'e$.
llnorl4Ha
IIMeer
I I npo-
JreroB no
l6
,u.
trax
1'lpanrler{Hs
3arBopaMl4
npe-
Ai/:ClIoTpeHO
.ILBa
Ko3JIoBbIX
Kpa'Ha
fpy30noA'beM-
r{ocrbro no 60
Tc.
rreper'Ieularcrrrltxcn
Ha
peJlbco-
BbIX
nyrgx
B.lI,O.rlb
n.rrOTHHbI
H
BO'AOnpHeMHHKa.
Bo.{onpneuuux
(pn'c. 7-2,6) I{rreer
rpH
npo,rlera
iro
16 ,{ r{,nopor
Ha BxoAe
BBCIMZ
ir.ta.ilotl sltco-
ru. flloruHa Daccql{raHa
Ha c6poc naBoAKa
s 2 450
.usf
cerc.
B r(aqecrBe
Ro.{o[,pHeM,HHKz
RToporo
rHIa
pacc\rorpnM
ro;rosHoft
yse.n PuoHcxof.r f3C,
rpe.lcraBJreusrtft
ua
puc.
6-15.
flo
n'poexry
6ula
il'peryc\{orpeHa
6opr6a
roJIbKo
c
Aoit{HbIMH
Ha-
Hocar\{r{.
Bops6a
co B3tseIIreH'HbIMu
HaHocaMH
Me.'rbqe 0,4
.un ['poeKTo\{
xe 6st.na
npeAycMor-
peHa. Bucora rrepBofo
[opofa
Har
AHoM
peKH
cocraB,'rtrer
5 ,u.
llpotrlbl,R
llepBoro
nopora
ocy-
ruecrBJrrercrr
orKpblrlleM
sarBopa
.nero6epexno-
fo npoJrera
nJroTHHbI.
Kponre
roro,
IonoJI[rH-
TeJrbHo
Llrfeercs
eue
sropoft
nopor eHcorofi
2,4
.n,
[poMbrB
Koropofi'o
ocyuecrBJlqercfl
cneull-
a
JrbHbrM,rrpoMbIBHHKOM
C
s
arBop
a
M,H.
flpoclp
an-
CTBO I\{e)K,{,V
.[OporaMH
HasbIiBaeTCs TpaBHeJIOB-
xoft.
Heo6xoAlIuo
orMeruTb,
qro
IIpaKTHKa
AoKa-
3aaa
cpaB'nHTeJIbHo
MaJIyto
aQQexruuHocrb
npo-
MbrBa
Broporo
ilopora.
B
yc.nooutx
[o.(neproro
6r,eQa
B
p$ynbrare
orK'pblrllfl
sarBo'pa
nPoMbIB-
uHKa 3HaqllreJ'IbHble
cKopocTH co3AaloTcff
To,IIbxo
B Ca\{OM CeqeHHH
[pO1\{bI'BHOIO OTBepCTHff
H B
30-
Ire
Ha HecKoJIbKo
MerpoB
or Hefo.
3Ha*Iflre,'IlHoe
vBe.rrHqeHtre ilpoMbr'Blloro
s$Qexra
uoxer
6url
IIOJI\IqCHO
TO.TIbKO
IIDI,I
CHI'IX(CHI,II{
TOPHSOHTA BO-
4ot
'"
u"p*tten 6reQe
HJIH,
qro
eule
ilyqlue,
nplt
B
4eiicrnrrrelrutrx
yc.rroBrrrrx
rreo6ro-4n;r,ro,
qro6tr
xoa$QlrqneHT
ycroftqr{BocrH
H a
c
.q
B
rt r,
onpe-u,e.nrrouruli
co6ofi
coorr{oueulte
y.4epxnBaroulux
u
c,{BHraroulux
crlJr,
6srl
6ar
6ollure
eIHHnrrbr:
x":(ff)J>t. (7-2\
Ecnlr
eeanqltHa
nonnopa
zanaqa,
ro
re]t
ca-
\If,IIrvr
onpereJreHa
B
oclro,Bllort H
cHJIa
e:
:Qo-Q,r.
Taxll;r,r
o6paaolr,
.f,ryr
BbrrroJrHeunrr
ycnolnn
(7-2)
neo6xoAuMa
relr
6d.ryruraq BerH-
uuua (P-V),
ueu
ueHsure
f.
Bvecre
c reM BH,(HO,
rtro
qelt
6orurue
seJH-
qHHa
nporHBoAaBJre:Hufl
lV,
rev 6o.rlr,nre
AoJr)K,Ha
6urr
n BeJrlrqHHa P
-
eec
rrJtorrrHbr.
Be"uH,rr.rHa
xo:SSrrqneHra
f
N,rox{er
xone6arucq or
0,7S-
0,80
(l;rx
SeronHoft
[].rroruHbr H
xopoilero
6es-
ynpeqHo.ro
cKaJrbuoro
ocHonalrHn)
lo
0,20-0.
l5
(.u,.nR
r.nllHi.rcrbrx
rpynroB
r.r rflx{er'lur
r.rrutr).
Or-
clo,4a
BHAHo,
Kat(oe 6o.nturoe
3Haqenr.re
Ht\Ielor
ceoftcTga
rpyHToB
B or,HollreHHlr
r(oHCTp\rKuHH
[JroruHbr.
I,Is
Sopuy.nr,l
(7-2)
surexaei,
qro
BcgKoe yMeHbrxeHne
nporHBoAeftcroHq.
r(oropoe
:uoxer
6nrl
ocyulecrBJreHo
TeMr{ r.t"{H
trHblMlt
KOHCTpITKTHBHbT
ML{
MeponpI.rflTHg
}r
r.r, rBJffeTcrr
BecbMa
[oJre3HbrM
H
[pHBoAr.rT
K HeKOTOpOMy
yrvleHbrueHHrc
o6teua
nJrorHHbr.
7-3.
nOBEpXHOCTHbIE
BO,IOnpUEMH
HKH
B COCTABE
I-OJIOBHbIX
Y3JIOB
florep.xHocrHbre
BoAorrpfieMHHKH
o6ltqHo
exo-
4rr
B
cocraB
roJroBHoro
ys.rra
f3C c
6e:uanop-
nori
4epunaqlleft,
oHtI
HMer,oT
nocroguguft
u.nx
noqrn
nocroqHHrrrl
ypoBeHb
BepxHero
6te$a.
B
cocran
roJroBrroro
ysJra,
KpoMe BoAonpn-
eMHr{xa
H
nJrorlHbt,
[peAHa3HaqeHnofi
4.nx
c6po-
ca
naBoAt{oB, BXoAfiT
TaK>Ke
TJIVXHe
n.rroTr,IIIbI.
crpyeHanpaBJrflrorqr4e
creHKfi
n
I,au,6st
H
-rlpyr.He
r ^vDvlJ4!rvu
r
rr Dra
DvAvrrp
flg:vlnn
\
ocyillecrBJrrrer
cJreAyroqee:
sa6op
BoAbr
B
AepH-
- _--r-'
PYrouero
fOC,
6o.nrlre Bce'ro uapexauuil
Ha npo-
B
D€
IIeTHHOM
nDel(Pa'ilIeHIrH
TIA
BO,iIbI
B
Baur.rrc. flpovuenoft
eQtpext
AJIr
nepBoro
,flopora
B
pe3yJrbrare
orK,pblrHfl 3arB,opa JIe,Boro
npoJleTa
nJrorsHbr
ropa3Ao 6olee SrIaqHTeJIel{,
TaK
NaK
grH\r
cosAaercfl noTox
BoAbI,
oMblBatoulnfi
nep-
ouft
nopor.
138
139
Jtnlnnan
dauia
roatta0ozo
rqecrBJrsercq
noporoM
Bbrcoroft
4,5
n;
[,poMbrB
HaHOCOB,
oTnoxtHBIIIHXCfl
nepeA
rr,opo1roM,
OCy_
IIIeCTBJrrreTcr
Aor{Hbr M H n
po
Mbr,BHbr
M,H
ra"re pefl
M
H,
BXoAHOe
ceqeHre
KoTopbrx
3anoxeHo
B
caMoM
t40
pelr.
Taxoe noJro)K€,Hlre He
orpa3r.rrcq
Ha orAaqe
3IIep,rr.tH,
raK
KaK
HMeeTcg
ulecTb
KaMep
AntI
orcrofl
H cMbtBa rra'Hoco,B.
B xax,u,ufi
MoMeHT
qacrb
KaMep
HaxoAHfcf B
padoTe (r.r4er
orcroft
HaHOCOB),
a
qaCTb
KaMep
rrpoMbrBaercf.
Bce MHoruo6pa3He
xoHcrpyKrlrBHblx
rlmoB
^Krra *nn
DUAUrryfrEirrnnAvD
uvJLJrvDJrcnv
lLlrl,
^on TTPLAJ-
cMoTpeH rrpoMbrB nopo,ra
I{nH nopotoB
H
Kal{oBo
BsaHr{Hoe
pacnorrox(ellHe
BoAocrlll:lbIL9Il"p-
Lltltl il.,llJtflnDr
n
llvPur
d
DvJ\urrPntMnnno. rrmEsr-
cq
3IraqHTeJIbHoe
KoJIIIqecTBO
TIpeAJIOXeHHft
H
IipoeKTHbrx
rrpopa6oroK
pasrirqHbrx a.BTcpoB,
OAIIaIiO
Ha npal(Tlil(e
OCyUecTB.rreHbr
To"rIbKo
He-
M}IOTHC
H3
HIIX.
Ha
.pr.lc.
7-4,n,peAcraBJreHa
opr{rHHa.rrbHarr
KoHcrpyK,rIHq
AoKropa
rexH. HayK B.
f. Afinasts-
Ha BOAOfipr{eMHHKa
C
aa6opHbrMH oTBepcTHsMH
B
6brqKax, ocyqecrBreH,Haq
Ha
Kpacuono.nnu-
^,,^,i I'e/- ,,a ^ f,r^,,.,-^
p.
rlsDr lrt r u rl
ltv^aJa\Duqn D
JnL-
nJryarauHH
xoporuHe
pe3yJrbrarbr.
E.nano4apn
pa3MeueHHro
orBepcrr.rft no40,upueMHHKa
B
60-
^tDbi^
u,OCnJCira 6;Iqla
n
yLr{rEb s{rrir"^rnu-
HOCTb
npoMbrBa
fiopora
[oopeAcTBoM oTKpbrTrrfl
oqrpnnnE nln+Yrult L-.^tt^-^
DVIDjn(r
DLJInna.
I\PALnVtlU-
Saeptfina
nccaon 6
ifraMHcu
Pac.
7-3. fo.noauoft
yse.r
Tasarccxofr
fOC
Ha
p.
9npunxe
c
uecrrrKa-
MepHbrM
orcroEsrxora
ne-
pHoIBqecKoro
lericrnun
.(;rs
6opu6u
co
B3BerreH-
HbtrMH
}IAHOCAMH-
c-nnas:6-paapegrr.
n*!P
lllanlopnofi
na3
/7at
jzm6opa
4tmgnmaquoalaa
aahaea
"'utu/t@
r/auirnt
urn
il
tonlrataflan
e0
cfia/1qti
Puc.7-2.
foaognoir ysel
llapncxoft
fOC
na
p.
H4pse.
4-o6[trs
cxeua
pac[oJo)r(eHHs
coopyxeggfr|'6- pa3pe3
no
Eo,40npneuHHKy;
A-nonepeqgufi
paspes
rto
Bo,40c6pocgofi
nrorHHe.
'i
r-oa"
74'o4oo)o
apourbaan
B-E
Ctgaccdaud uotm
aAncFCf,
nopoza
I-Ipuruepou
BoAonpHeMiHr{KoB
Tperbero
r}rlta
Mo>r(er
cJryxHrb
BoAOnpHeMHHK
TaBaKcKofi
r3c
Ia
p.
LIapuHxe,
npeAcra,BJreHHbrrt
Ha prrc.
7-8.
JAecb
npeAycMorpeHa
6opb6a
KaK c
AoH.HbrMtr,
lopore.
Taxas
Koir{cTrpyKrtHfl
npoMbrBHrrrx
ycrpoftcrB
ropa3Ao
6o"rlee-aSQeKrH,BHa:
npoMbr-
BaeTcfl
IOJTHOCTbTO
BCfl
A.rruHa
IIOpOra,
H
Ha
npo_
IbIB
HaHOCOB
3aTpzrrHrBaeTCf
MeHbIUe
BoAbr.
rAL
DDrrr4A4nrl
na
AHU
EsJJe,lUeHHbIg
Ha[IOCbI
Kpyn=
HOCTbIO
Bbrure
0,4
iltt. OcBer[toHHafl
BO,Ita
flocTv_
lTponuinan eo-tepea
'
cuoti
nanocod us
ranep
llt'an0opnod
fla3
TaK
H
CO BSBe[reHHbrMH
HaHOCaMI.I
KpyrrHocTbro
C
nopora
BoAa
noci)flaer
B
olcrofirHue
xanaepu,
6E,t7-_.
[aeT
B
AepHBaUHOHHbITI
Ka,Han;
HaHOCbr
nocJre
BbTKJTKF{eHUfl
OrcToftHoft
xauepu
Hts
par6oTbr
cMhr=
BaroTcB
B
HH)KHHTI
6leQ
tepes
[poMblBHbre
raJte,
--+
6tmoHflan
t4l
Laeduuuneltnot
i
;on;ox
li
nntnltiHu^aM
Jrrn{cxal f3C na
p.
Msurrrre (prrc.
6-41) Hr\{eer
oco6ylo
cxeNly: KoHer{Harr
qacTb
Aepr.rBaUHrr
Bbt-
noJrHer{a rranopHori.
Ha'qa;rtnaq
x{e
qacrb
ee
AeplrBauHH
flBJrflercn 6esHanopuori,
TaK
KaK ocy-
uIecrBJrRTb 6ops6y c Ha{HocaMH
Mox<Ho
Jruun,
c
floMorqb]o rroBepxHocrHoro
BoAorrpneuHuxS.
D-^^..^-^,.
r aLLrvlutlrllfir
tcrlcpb uL n
u
brl
bl
c
lt
uJl
u .|K tr-
Htrfl
o
IIBHX(e'l{LlH
I{artocoB
B
peKe
B
ecTecT
Be H ilot\{
cocTofl
I I r I I.t'ri
nocJre oc}'ruecTB,rreHl rtl
lloAllOPa.
-DJtJcluetlHtile
HaHOCIl
3aHIII\14ruI' BCru
IlnoulaAb ceqeH{R
noroKa;
AoHHbre
x(e HaHocbr
rrcptrl{dlDrbarurL}r rru
A.nv
|'JIcKvulEtt
{-rlJtutt
iuulu-
xa,
xorAa
AoHHbre
cKopbcrJ.r nbspacraror
Ao
ra-
xort
serr'rqr{Hbr,
ilplr
Koropoii
oHH
cra,HoBsrcr{
B
COCTOflHIIU nepeKaTblBaTb HaHOCbI, CJrafaIOrIt{e
trrn h1r^ro narrr
'l'otrtrt
Allv
yJLJrq
ar\rrlr
vvyaouru,
ADlratnzu
Ar/rr-
HbI.X HAI{OCOB 14MECT
MCCTO
TOJIbKO 3 1QT{AIIIIC
HecKo"'rbKfix MecflrleB B roAy
npH 6o"rrburlfx
pac-
xolax. TeopernuecKrrr.{ nyrer{ r.r HenocpeAcrBerl-
HbiMli Ha6fiIoAeHriflMpi
ycTaHoBJrerio,
qTo
B Me-
cTax
noBopoTa
fiJII{ 3axpyp.[e1-rtfl IIoToKa ]rMeeT
MeCTO flOfiepeqHatl
qlilpKyJIflIII{tl
nOTOKa: IIOMII-
NIO IIOCTyIIaTe.rlb'HOtO
ABnX(eHnq
BOLbr rrpOLrCXO-
Ar{T
BpaueHr.re
B rr,ro'cKocTH,
neprreH.4,rrKyJrfpHofi
ocH IIoroKa.
fieuxeHtre
cTp],ft
Hoc]rr Br.ilIToo6-
pa3Hbrfi
.\apar{rep
(puc.
7-5). flprr 3roM
5r
ss-
rHyroro 6epera Ha6rroAaercfl
HeKoTo'poe iloBbr-
[reHHe
]'poBHfl
BoAbr Ha
ah.
Bornl'rufi 6eper
pa3MbrBaeTcs,
a
y
Bbr[yKJrofo npor]cxoAHT
or-
,I1O}(CHHC HAHOCOB. HA
NPNUOJIIIHCIIHbI.X IIJI{PO-
Krrx
yqacrKax
noroK rrprr
pacxo.nax,
rpaHcnopru-
pyrcUl|,IX
AOH'HF,Ie
HaHO'CbI,
qaCTO
I{eHf
eT cBOe
pyc,Io,
Ka3aJlocb 6u,
6es
Br'r.r\r.rMbr.\ nprrqrrH,
oT-
KJIaAI,IBafl HaHOCbI
B OAHOM IvIeCTe ]l nepeMe-
ulaflcb B
Apyroe.
VxasaHHlre
Bbrrxe
o6croflTerbcrBa
qacro
uc-
no,Tb3yroTcfl rrprr rl,poeKT].rpoBarrrrrr
noBepxHocT-
Hbrx BoAo3a6opoB. BolonpuenrH[lK pacnoJraFaror
Ha B0fHyroft cropoue
peKu,
raK KaK
3.q.ecb
Aor{-
rubre
HaHocbr 6yAyr
Jrerqe
cMbrBarbcs c nopora.
B
yc.ronnax,
KofAa
Ha
peKe,
,Hecyqefi
Halro-
cbl,
Bo3BeAeHa'IIJIOTI4,Ha,
KapTHI{a,
eCTeCTBeHHO,
B KOpHe
H3MeHrreTCq, TaK KaK Telepb
ABri)KeHHe
HaHOcOB 6yAer OflpeAeJrfrbcfl
rr.rApaBJrnqecKHMr4
sBJIeHHflMLT B
noArrepror\r
6reQe.
floanop,
co-
3AaBaeMbrft nJrorrrHori fiprr
noBepxHocrHbrx BoAo-
npHeMHHKaX,
MOIKeT
XO,re6arrCq
B BeCbMa IIIH-
poKr.rx
npeAeJrax.
'BoAoc.nnnsarr
nJroruHa H3 ra6rroHon
I
A4>rap-
HcUxaJIbcKofi f3C noArrHpaer eoAy
AJrfl
Bo3-
MOX(,HOCT.I'I EE 3A6OPA B
ACPI,IBAIII-IIO
BCCTO JIIIIIIb
Ha 4,5
n
(puc.7-6).
BororroAr,eM'Hafl xe rrJro-
rirHa @apxaAcKofi l3C sa
p.
Crrp.lapbe
c 6es-
HafiopHofi
AepHBarlrreft
no.q.HnMaer
ypoBeHb
per{h
ulecrsaeuHHft Ir3 npoBoJroqHoft cerru,
ganolsessoft
ra.nu-
xoft
n.ns KaMHflMr{; npocBerbr B cerre
Aonxr{br
6uru ue,ruqe,
qeM
pa3Me.pbr
raler.
fa6soHbr
3anoJrHslorcq KaMHeM
Ha
MecTe H xopo[o
npoTl-tBocTosr cBoHM BecoM
cA.Bnrarcu1eft
CHJIE I|OTOKA.
A-A
/4-4oarute
\rt
cmagu
/7a[epzrocmnore
D.,.-.
a
R
E------------
6s.r..v,rrr!
,,;iO;ia
rr
sr u
AurlrrDr^
L r
pyu
Kp):rJclrtrrt
(c-xc:ua).
rroqru
na
20
u
(puc.6-lB).
Vc;lonns
ABu)ieHrlfl
l{arrocoB
B no.il.fleprH.r
6teQax
B
ocHoBrroM
orrpe-
AeJItllOTCtl
.OTHOlIIeI{14f]!tt{
BeJII.tql.tHIrt'IIOAflOpa
n.-ioTrrHbr
x 6trrosblm
rly6lruau. B
rex
c,ry.raq*,
Kor4a
noAnop
r.rrornHbr
Becbua
van
(Ao
5,0
.u)
r1
paclrpocTpaHrercrr
rra He3rraqrrrcJrbHylo
AJrrrrry
BBep\
no
peKe,
liaK,
HanpfiMcp,
ua A4>r<apucq-
xa;ucriori l3C,
s,rlqrrHe
tloArropa
Ha
nepeMeure-
rrrrc
HaHocoB
rrpaKTliqecKrr
orclrcrByeT.
vxe
qe-
pe: l-2
rofa
BepxHuii
6neQ
nepeA
rrJroruHoft
3anoJilrfleTcfl
.{.otrilbltvfH
rraHocaNltr.
B rex
x{e
cJIy-
qaflx,
KofAa
floAnop
oT Bo3BCfeH]Ifi
nJTOTI,II{br
SHa-
qrrTcJreH,
KaK,
HaIIp]li\!ep,
Ha
oapxa.{cxori
f3c,
o6pa3\'crcrr et{Koe
Bo.4oxpaHHirrr[(c.
B
srorv{
go-
AoxpaHrr"rrrirue
B
nepByro
oqepelb IIporrcxoAHT
oT-
.IOXEIII,IC
.qOHHbIX
HAHOCOB
TAM,
fAC
BbIKJIHHII-
Baercrr
nornop.
fprla
AoHHbrx
HaHocoB
rro,cre-
ncHfro
ABr.rfaercrr
flo
Arry
BoAoxpaHr{Jrrrua
BHH3
no
Teqerrrln
rr HaKpbrBaer
.co6oft
qacTb
oTJrolKHB-
rxuxcfl
ttepeA
nJIor]tHoti B3BeiueHIIbrx
IIaH,ocoB.
Taxrr,lr
o6pa30M,
B
BoAoiIpxeltHrfl(e
orrucbrBae-
\{oii ilrApo3JreKTpocraHrlflr.r
Her
Bo3t\{oxHocr}r
aecrlr
6opr6y
c
HaHocaulr.
flprrueuareJrbHa
B 3roM orrJorrreHall
@a,pxa4-
cKar f3C, [epBbrft arperar Koropor:r BBeAeH
B 3xcn,rryararllrro
B
1947 r.
llo;lnsrrl o66eM ee
BOAOXpaHlrJrlrilIa COCTaB,rrffJr
23O
MJrH. uF. Hlr-
KaKrrx cfleru4aJlbHbrx
ycrpoficrB
l;rfl 6opr6sr
c
HaHocaMrr B BoAonpI4eMHHKe, KpoMe
nopora,
TIC UMCCTC'I,
,HCT
H OTCTOfiHHKA. BNN4Y
3HAIIN-
TeJIbHOfO
rro.{nopa
BCe
.4OI{Hbre
I.r
OCHOBHaf
qacTb
83BerrreHHbrx HaHocoB
oca)r(AaJIHcb
B
BoAoxpa-
HHJIr.rqe.
3a
12
Jier
3KcnJlyararfrr o66ervr
BoAo-
xpaHr.rJrHxIa
yilreHbrxHJrcfl
Ao
40 MJLH-
.M3.
floc.ne fiycKa
B
gKcrrJlyararlnro
'nepBbrx
afpe-
raroB
l(ar?paxnyucxofi
f3C
Ha
Csrpaapre
B
1956
r. nocrynneHue HaHocoB
B
BoAox'paHH-
,'IHU{e OapxaAcKorl fOC npexparuJlocb,
TaK
KaK
Bepxuflft
,6beQ
@apra4cxofi ruApoereKrpocraH-
ul.rlr
npaKTHqecKrr
flBrqeTcfl HH>K'HHM
6reQona
I(aftpaxxyvcKorl f3C. Hasocr,r
CupraprH 6ynyr
renepb or,rrararbcr B BepxrreM 6re$e
Kafipax-
p
Mtatxma
&odonpuexwe
omaetcmuz
6Ettvteuducmott
0 o1or,pu
ettd re
onleptnL'n
,lomat
n.o
---jr.s
,f3C
na
,p.
Mauure
c BoAonpHeMHnKoM
Anq
6opt6n
c
AoHHbrMn
CnotB
HAH0C06
f'f
Huxuui
6dep
fl-A
/lytocs,xui
nun
lft
*
tZ,0-
Depzrai
renepb oT,rrararbcf B BepxrreM obeQe
KaHpaK-
KyMcr{oft
l3C,
rae
3a cqer rroAnopa s
20 n
a6nou npe,4craB.rrser
co6ofi napanrenennneA, ocy-
co3AaHo
Bo.u,oxp aHrrIHilIe
oo6eMoM
MtrIH. J}TJ.
ir::..-.;-
::-
:..::'..'........:.--.
i ;'-.'.::'-j.--'::.-
:..'
Puc. 7-4.
lonossofi ysel
l(pacuonoJrsHqKofi
IIICHHbIMI,I
HAHOCAMR.
4-unau;
6-pa3pcaH.
142
B npouexyrorrHbrx
,cfiyr{aflx,
npH
,[oAnopax
B
npeAeJrax or 5
.qo
15
n,
gnun<eH{.re
HaHocoB
rr
Hx orJlolKeHr4
e B
noArreproM
'6re0e
6yayr
npeAcraBJrflrb co6ofi
Ka,K
6br
cpeAHrorc KaprH,Hy
143
v-- \r-
lBoi,orpuri--)l'
i AO1OX
t/,5
--
/'aa
0n8o0n4uu
npaxn
HnY
rlt,o
ft
l,