Денисов И.П. Основы использования водной энергии

,r*6':^ii:,\te

+

ioao"'

0mdodnqui

.ro]

X0llzt,

-6

--

344

,lfeno6a

6eHmurt4uu

-4ofiHDri

-nomorol(

oltuHrt'.

nomotox

Ogmu nocmo6o2o

xDafla

/40

-t

-8,2

lpgta

oz.na,x-

Pasdenunentutti

0m6o0ilr1ue

6eHmutz4uoHHoa

uarfria

.U**=d*e@"*Z>u>,_._

Pn.c.

7-49.

MeraJlruisecxnfi

ypaBHurenbHbrfi

pe:epayap

c

coirporuBrrenrzeu

f3C

A,1aua,

xa

p.

CefixaH

(Typuui).-

'

A

-

DIAH creHrrunpH^F^ varr. 6 -

v

PqrPLJer

r.v

,PaEdarsJrDduMy

pe3epByapy;

a-uoHTa)|(

pe3epByapoB.

Tnqecxoe

ceqeHne

F*p

H nu6rapaercR

rH,u.paBJ-rH-

qecxlrft

THn

ypaBHHTeJrbHoro

pe3epByapa.,(,anee

npoi.r3BoAfl

T

rHAp

a n.nuqecxufi

p

acqer

yp

a

BHHre.lb_

HOIO

p$epByapa,

T. e.

onpeAeJJsror

xoA

ypoBHeri

B

HeM

npn

c6poce

n

Ha6poce

narpysxrl (npr

npHHqrbrx pa3Mepax

ypaBHHre,rbHoro

pesepBy_

apa).

3rH pacqerbr

yAo6Hee

Bcero

[poH3BoArrrb

rpa$nvecxlrrr

nyreM

KaK

oqeHb HafJraAHbrM

u

npocTbrM-

AHQQepeHUHs.rlbHblX

ypaBHeHHs;

Hepa3pbrBHocTH

,4peraxt

ronodeu

Puc.

7-,=0

LIu'rurrlpgqecKqe

vnaBnHTenbIrHe

pe3epBYapbl

6esn

(reun;ran y3.YIa

cM.

Ha

pHc.

6'36,4).

nnail-pa.rpil

6-6

ntlaild-paSpeJoa

,/

%i*"

6otdgtumz

ea)rePez

'-

B

Harra.rre orsorsuei

tlsplmau'Hn

sa

f3C

Kapu6a

na

p.

.-r"

o5 v;

dz

dt

reoMerpHqecKHe

oopMbr

pe3epByapa

Bo

BCer?

Hx

cJIO)r(HocTH,

a TaKI{e

.u,o[oJrHHTeJrlHO,[epeJrHBbI

BO,q,hI

qepe3

BOAOCJTHBb,I,

orBepcTHff,

coIIpoTHB_

JIeHHfl

H

r.

A.

Taxuu

o6pasoM,

sror

cnoco6

qBrr_

eTcq

yHHBepcanbHbrM.

L

c

da

a-:

z

-

ha,

3,a,tr-

l85

nod,tod'oi

mgfll/etb

I84

ycKopeHHfl

(7-r5)

Onpe4eleHue

Be.qHqHHLr

z npr

ua6poce

uour-

[poBoAa

rr nosBolfler nocJreAHeMy

HecKonbxo

C.neayer orMerHTb,

r{ro

oueHKa

,B

pacqere

noTe,pb

-_ --_--_J' -'

N{accIrB

rrflornHbl

pas6ur

Ha

raK Ha3brBaeMbre

Harropa B

.u,epHBar.(HH

npoH3BoAHTcfl o6brr{Ho

c

aanacou.'flpu

npu'6,rax<eHHbIx IrcxoAHbrx

AaH-

Irbrx, IIo

Ha[reMy

MHeHHIo,

HeT

ocHoBaH'2fi

npo-

I{3BOAHrb

CJTI4UTKOM TOqHble

paCqerbr.

EC.nr

nO

pacqeraM

floryr{alorcs

cJtHIIIKoM

6o;tlune xo,re-

6yny

ytoBtrI:

IpIHI1plg IlgpBoHgqarlblo

p13

rrr-psr

pesepnyape

eonxHu

6br-b l.lsrrreueusi,

a rpa$nuecKue

pacqerbr

[oBTopeHbr

cHoBa.

3axnrc.tHrenlrroft

qacTbto

pacqeroB

qBJIs-

Iorcfl

pacqerbl

nporlHocru

o6.nnqoBoK

cKadrbHblx

aupa6oror

AJ'Ir

pe3epByapoB-Ilraxr

H Mera.IIiIII-

qecKrrx

r.rJrr.r r(eJre3o6erouHlrx

KoHcrpyKrlr{ft

A.'rff

ypa

Br{Hre"IrbHbrx

pe3epBya por-6arueu.

7-ro. TyP6HHHbtE

BOAOBOAbt

Ilplr xonrnoHoBKe

npHnJIorI.tHHbIX rHApo3JreK-

rpocraHurfr

H cTaHuHoHHofo

y3JIa

Aepr.rBau{.roH-

nux fOC

oco6oe BHTHMaHHe ueo6xoAurrro o6pa-

TrrTb Ha

Bo3Mox(Hoe coKpauleHHe

AJIHTIbT

Typ-

6uusnx

,BoAoBoAoB.

Typ6r.runue BoAoBoAbr

Moryr

6urr

c,leg.ylo-

IIIHX

KOHCTPYKTI{BHbIX

THTIOB:

A) CTAJIbHbIC

TPY.

6onpono4sl,

3aAeJIaHHbre e 6eroHHHe MaccHBbI

nnoruu;

6) HanopHbre

TyHHeJIH

KpyrJloro

ceqe-

uua; n)

crarbHbre

rpy6onpoeo4u,

cno6oAHo

Jre-

X(AIIIHC NO CKJIOHY, B IAJICPCE HJTH TYHHC,IC;

r) xeneso6eroHHnre

rpy6onpono4u.

HanopHue

TyflHe"rr{ ocBerreHbr n

$

7-7, xereso6eroHHrre

typ6uuuue

BoAoBoAbI

Bcrpeqalorcs s 6o"'Irilrltx

f3C

peAKo

(xoHcrpyxqran

rlx

rpr.rBeAeHa

n

$

7-6).

Ocrasonuucfl

dtarrrb

Ha

KoHcrpyrrrur.r cra"rrb-

Hbrx

rpy6olponoAoB, 3aAeJraHHhrx

s

6eroHHoM

MaccHBe

nJloraHbr z

ceo6oAHo

JIexar{HX

no

cr(JroHy.

flepuuft xoucrpyrrnnuufi

run

paccMorpHr\{

Ha [pxMepe ryp6aHuoro

BoAoBoAa,

3aJrox(eHHo-

ro B

rrnorr.IHy Eparcxofi

fAC

,(pac.

6-8).

Tpy6orpoBoA,

sa,E,e.ransuft s 6e-

ToHHoM MaccHBe.

Huxaxnx

cneuHaJlbHbrx

onop

AJrfl

raKoro rpy6onpoBoAa

.He

rpe6yer-

cR.

Bnu4y mro,

qro

reMneparypHbre

xoeQSu-

rlueHrbr

.nuuefiuoro

pacruHpeuHs

6erona

u cralrw

npaKTurIecKH

oAHHaKoBbr, He rpe6yercs H

ycr-

poficrna

reMrreparypHbrx KoMrreHcaropoB

no

AJrH-

He rpy6onpoBoAa;

6erou

AoJrlr(eH

nJIorHo

irpu,re-

rarb K craJIH,

u

o6a MarepuaJra

KoHcrpyKTHBHo

AOJ'rXHbr

COCTar,IIflTb OAHo rIeJrOe.

[OnO.nUUrenl-

noe

ycrpoftcrBo

l{Meercfl, JrLrwb

B

ToM

Mecre,

rAe

tpy6onpono4 nepeceKaer

ruoB, orAenqrcu1uft

ffIOrHHy OT 3AaHHf,

rr.rApo3JreKrpOCraHqr.rH

cToloqarble

MaccHBbI, MexAy xoTopbrMH

B npo-

uecce

6erouuponaHHff n.rIorHHbr r.IMelorcs

ruBbr.

IIIehl

B

nJrort{He

3altoHoJIHrtr{Barorcr

ueMeHTa-

rlrreH

nocJre

roro, KaK OeroH ocrbrHeT

H npr.rMer

reMneparypy,

6.nusxyro

K

ycraHoBnBrrrerics.

B

MecTax

gTflx

TIIBOB,

rAe UMeercfl

AonoJrHHTeJrb-

naq BHerxHsr

ltax.naaxa,

rpy6onponoa

ce-pnna-

ercfl

nocJre 3aMoHorurrvBaHufl,

flJrornHbr- Ha

yqacrKe

ynpyroft

[poKJraAKH

rpy6onpoeo4

ns-

roroB.[eH

H3 cneuuaJrrsori

crara Mapr(H t0XC.I[H

(CXJI4)

no |OCT

5058-57; rorlrqr4Ha

creHKH Ha

3roM

yqacrKe

onpeAeJreHa

ltcxoAff H3 BHyrpeH-

Hefo

r{aflopa

c

yr{eroM

raApaB.[uqecKofo

yAapa

r.I

AorrycKaeMbrx

Hanpqxesuft B

craJrn

IOXCAH

s

2200 rceclcnz.

Ha ocHoBHoM

nporsxeHntr

rpy6onpoao4a yqreHo

ro o6croqre.rricreo,

uro

Ha

rpy6onpoBoAe

pa3MerrleHbr

cneqnaJrbHbre ap-

uo$epnnu,

H

BCr

KoHcrpyKrluff

3aAeJraHa

s

6eroH.

B

KaqecrBe

Marepr{aJra

g.na

rpy6onpoBoAa

3Aecb

npHHflra

crarrb MapKH Ml,6C

(|OCT

6713-53),

HMerou{as rpeAeJr

reKyqecrrr

2300

xeclcnz.

Tonuruva creHKH Ha

sroM

yqacr-

xe

rpy6onpoBoAa

B saflac npoqHocrr.t

onpeAe,re-

Ha

ucxoAfl r{3

BHyrpeHHoro Hanopa

c

Ao6an"le-

HIIeNI

lHApaBr'rr.rqecKoro

yAapa

r{

AorrycKaeMofo

Hanpqx(eHHs

B 900/o or npeleJra

reKyqecrH

0,9X2

300:2 070

rceclcn2,

ecru

paccMarpuBarb

rpy6y

xax

cso6oAHyrc. Mex<ay

rpy6onpoBoAoM

tI 6erouolr.l,

KaK IIoKa3a,rLI Teoperl{r{ecKLIe

II

npaKTr,rqecKHe

Hcc,rreAoBaHHr,

Mo)Ker

o6paao-

Barbcs

orcJroeHae

-

Tpeqr.rHa.

trIpn

qeNreHTaurrrr

urBoB

rrJroraHbr

no 3rrM TpeuIr4HaM

Ha rpy6o-

npoBoA,

gaAeJraHHbrft

s 6eroH, cHapy>Kr{

r\{oxer

oKa3arb

AaBdrIeHr{e

ueMeHTaqHoHHtrfi

pacrBop;

HaKoHer{,

B

ycJroBarx

gKcrrrryararluw

s

6eroHe

Moxer

6urt

Qn.rurpauuoHHar

BoAa; aro o6yc-

JIOBJIHBaeT

BOSMOXHOCTb

TOrO,

qTO

npK OnOpOX-

HeHHoM

rpy6onponoAe

Ha uero 6yAer eos.{,eftcr.

BoBarb

BHerrrHee

AaBJreHHe.

C

yuerou

3Tr4x

ycro-

nnli cuapyx<u rpy6onpoBo,q,a

rpuBapeHbr KoJrbua

x{ecrKocru

(puc.

7-52).

Ko.nlua

r(ecrKocrx

pac-

cqIiTaHbI

L13

yCJTOBLIff

paBHOMepHOrO

BHerrrHero

AaBJreHHfl

2 rceclcuz

Ha

nycryro

rpy6y H HMeror

6eg yqera

HanHcHfl 6erosa

Hanpfl)KeHr..rq

Ao

I 000 rceclcuz.

Xors

cra.ntnoft rpy6orpoBoA

H

paccr{HTaH

B 3arrac [poqHocrH ua

no.nuuri

nnyr-

peHurft

Hanop, xax

cno6o4ubul, no

BocnpnHflrb

ero

oH cMolKer

Jrurrrb

B

pe3yJrbrare

onpe4e.neHnofi

aeooptrraulra.

qacrl

BHyrpeHHero

Hanopa 6yeer

nepeAaHa

qepes

apuoQepuu oKpy>KaroueMy

rpy6onponog

6erouy.

Kpoue

roro, HanprrlKeHrrfl,

4eficrnyrcque

s 6eroHe nJroruHbr

r.l

o6yc;loueu-

$

nHawJ:

TI

.I

rql

i:

sS

si

3*E

-+

s

\J-|

c\i

I}

,'o

'c

s€

t€

\S

iE

5S

S

I

h

(J

(t)

A

o

F

q

F

o

\o

E

o

a

\o

F

a

|rJ

N

I

\il'N

Jr\\\\

ES

s=

€-

dE

s:

€_s

Ed

3E

Sd

s-S

:+

ax

e\b

\i

-*€

3e

EE

=i

rl

<l

tr"''

'

TI{Hbr

r.r

sAaHHR fOC)

rtroryr

HMerb HecKoJIbKo

pvADl,

AvJlJrl||9.

xpyr.nuft

Bbrpe3 H

TeM caMbrM HecKoJrb-

pa3nHrrapuuecq

ocaAKH,

TO B MecTe

rrrBa

,Ha

yqacrKe

5,5 r rpy6orposoA o6epHyr

ynpyroft

npox.na4xoft, Koropas orAeJrffer 6eros

or

rpy6o-

186

Ko

neperpysnrl

6eroH,

pacnoJro)Kennufr

BoKpyr

rpy6onponop,a.

lrln

yKpenn€Hut

6eroHa,

pacflo-

JloxteuHoro

Bor(pyr

rpy6onponoAa,

B HeM

pac[o-

187

$:

ls

5s

s

E_E

r{x

paccrrHTbrBaroT

no

<KoreJIbr{oft>

Qoprrly.le

rqeTcq

paqrroHaJrbHoLr

u c TorrKH 3peHHff

3KC-

n"rtvarau'r.rH.

B

npdlo.rllrro,u

npoonne

3 EeHo

15-i6

Puc. 7-52.

Apuotpepvsr, 3a"roxeuHble

s

6eron

ryp6uuuux

Bo.rloBo:IoBj

u lio"'rbr{a

xecrriocrg

ua ryp6riuaux BoroBo,qax

Eparcrori I3C.

KochrHK

a.

flcecnK0cmu

L 63x63xs

ilpgen

s"f,

a.PMEnUpa.

BHgnpewEF

cn

0P0H0.

Ha

Mecre

MoHralKa BpyqHyro.

Plsroros.leHrre

o6e-

qaeK

IdS

rz3ofHyrbrx

JrHcToB

(rpH i'IHCTa

Ha

OLHy

f f

va

DHc-

7-51

HApoMOHTalKa;

SJeKTpOril.r'I a-

TI4qeCKH MOryT

6UrO

ne

6O.iIUrUe TTOJIOBHHbI

Ha-

npnx<euuft B

npoAoJrbHbrx

rrrBax.

Heo6xoAlrtrro orMeruTb,

qro

HaJIHqHe Ha rpy-

6onpono,ne

apMoKapKacoB

H

pe6ep

)KesrKocrH

-"rt rK^-nrr. *n.r6nnnn-

rarPtAiurrv

JnrroAru

BOAa

fi

npHBeJrO

K TOMy,

qro

B

pflAe

Mecr

Me)KAy

Tpy6onpoBoAoM

H 6erosoL,t

oKa3aJIHcb 3a3opbt

Fi Ro.Roerfl,

KoroPbie B

Aa.fibtaefiE-elvi

Ilpiiiiiilocb

rleMeHrHpoBarb

H3HyrpH

rpy6ofl

poBo.u,a.

Cpn6nnu^ navrrrrrra rrrn6HpHr,rp

vArrv rrvrlq4rrv

.Jrv

u o

JL

O B O.[, br. Tunuquull'l.t

fipuMepaMH

ryp6HH-

HblX BONOBONOB CDABHHTCJIbHO

HE3HAqHTCJIbHOIO

Ha[opa sBJrflrorcfl

BoAoBo,II,bI

PltoHcxoit

f3C

(pxc. 6-16), a raKx(e

{Dapxag.cxoft

f3C

(pnc.

7-38,4). 3gecl

qHcJIo

BoAoBoaoB

coorBer-

crB)'er

qrtcJly

ryp6uH H

uucfiy ceKurft

B Hanop-

HoM

6acceftHe.

Tpy6onpoBoAbl

rlpoJlo)KeHbl

npfl-

rlo.,IItHefiHo B

rr"rraHe B

orKpbITofi

BbIeMKe.

Ha pnc.

6-22

naxt

rltnilqt{bul

BbIcoIioHa[op-

Hufi ryp6nHHblft

Bo,[ono4

Xpavcxoft

fOC.

Ha-

v2.rtbH2fi

qacTb

efo

B BLI.u,e

oAHot"l

MeTaJIJII{qe-

cno;i rpy6u

cBo6oAHo

rlpoJlox(eHa

B ryHHeJIe

or

ypaBHHTenbHoro

pe3epByapa I'l

Ao

BLIxOil.a

Ha

noBepxHocTb,

rAe

rlp'ol{cxoAllr

pa3AeiIeHHe

BoAo-

BOAa Ha TpH

HHrKH-

nO

qtlcry

ycTaHoB"IIeHHbIx

B

3r.aHnrl

f3C

ryp6ltH.

llo Mep€

yBe.nHqeHHs

pac-

qerHoro

Haflopa

ALIaMerpbI

rpy6onpoBoAa

yMeHb-

IUAIOTCS.

Oco6ue

KoHcrpyKTItBHbIe

rlrnbI

ryp6IIHI{bIX

BOAOBOAOB

HN{eIOT IIOA3eMHble

3JIeKTpOCTaHIIHi',I-

B ernx

cryriaflx

ryp6uHHblft

BoAoBoA

npeAcraB-

nrer co6ofi

BeprIlKaJIbHyIo

HJIH

HaKJIoHHyIo

Ha-

nopHylo

ulaxry

c o6,'IHqoBKOfi,

pacculrtaHHoil

Ha

sHyrpeHHHft

Hauop

BoAbI.

flpuuepu

raKHx

ryp^

6unnnx

Bo.r,oBoAo;

aaHbt

Ha

puc-

6-32

a.'Iq

f3C

Hfiea-III,

Ha

puc.

6-36,4

anq

fOC

Kapuda.

B

Her{oropblx

fOC

ue6o.nrruoti

r cpeAHeft

MOIIIHOCTH

I'I

OTHOCHTCJIbHO

HEBbICOKOTO

HAIOPA

TypoHHHbIe

BOAOtsOAbI

IJblllUJlHeHbl

b

rJnAY

^ E Jr c-

So6eroHHbrx

lr

Aax(e

AepeBr,HHbIX

Tpy6.

KoHcrpyxq[fl

Hx

He

orrHqaercfi

or

aHa-

TOTHIIHbIX

AEP

HBAIIHOHHbIX'BOAOBOAOB.

PaccuorpuM

I(oHcrpyKIlHIo

orKpblTblx

craJlb-

nux

tpy6onpoBoAoB

[pI'IMeHI'IreiIb]Io

K cpeAHI'IM

HanopaM'

Ha

ocHosaHHH

puc. 6-16,6.

Crallsue

Typ6HHHbIe

BoAoBoAbI

fipoK,laAblBal,orcq

orxpbl-

'TO,

AJIfl

TOrO

rITO6bI

Hapyx(Haq

lloBepxHocrb

HX

6wna

AocrynHa

Arq

ocMorpa..OcMorp

rPy6o-

rrpoBoAa cHapyxn

npH

sKcrIJIyara\uu

o6qsare-

.JreH,

TaK

KaK

CBOeBpeMeHHo

AOJIX{HbI

6Url

o6-

Hapyx(eHbl

HenJIorHOCrH

B

KOMrIeHCarOpax,

TerIfi'

a

rax)Ke

Ao.IIXHa

nepHoAHrIecKH

TIOAHOBJIflTbCfl

aHTHKOppO3HOHHaf

OKpaCKa

noBepxHocrH-

BOA npOBOAnrCfl nO

JrOMaHOit

JrUHmU, npHqeM

B

Ka)KAori

Toqr(e

nepeJloMa

Aonx(Ha

6url

pasueule-

Ha

aHKepHafl

orropa,

T. e.

onopa,

Quxcu-

pyrcurar

noJro)r{eHne

rpy6onpoBoAa

Ha MecrHocrn.

Ta-r-

y-at<-

noA BrL!eHr.!eu !!3MeHeHHq reMnepary-

pbr

Bo3Ayxa MeraJrJrnqecKafl rpy6a H3MeHreT

cBoro

AJrHHy,

ro

Me)KAy

Kaxaofi napoft aHxep-

!rl!\r

^nnh In-Ev^t"

6rr+r

rt^-aqnE

EA'J

q

n !t

f

4

u-

flr^

vrvy

Avsr/nvn

c a

r o

p.

OH

nossorrer

oAHoMy

KoHqy rpy6o-

npoBoAa

HecKoJIbKo cMe[darbcq no orHorueHHl,o

K

ApyroMy

c coxpaHeHr{eM

BoAoHenpoHI4l{ae-

MOCTH.

Ha

puc. 7-53

noxasaHbr

ABa

uan6onee

ynor-

pe6nre,rrHux

rHna

Kor!{[eHcaropa.

KoMneHcarop

TapeJIbr{aToro

rHIra

AeficTByer

3a

cqer

4eoopuaunft

<rapenox>>,

npHKperIJIeHHblx K

nByM

KOHUaU rpy60npoBoAa;

efo

ynorpe6.nRrcr

r,raBHbrM o6pasonr npH 3HarrHTeJrbHbrx

AHaMeT-

pax

rpy6orpoBoAa. Mox4y

aHKepHbrMH

oropa-

MH

rpy6onpoBoA

Jrex{Hr

Ha npoMex{yroqHblx

o[opax.

Paccrosuze Me]KAy

HI.IM]r

oflpeAeflfier-

cfl

pacr{eraMH

Ha r.r3ra6,

xax

6anwu

MexAy o[o-

paMH.

Ha npoMelKyroqHbl

x

o n

o

p

a x

rpy-

6onporo4

He

AoJIxeH

6url eaxpeIIJIeH;

sao6o-

por,

AJfl

Bo3MoxHocTH

ocyu{ecrBrlrb TeMrlepa-

TypHbre

AeQopMa(r.rH AoJI)r(Ha

HMerbcfl Bo3MOX(-

Hocrb fiepeMerrleHufl rp1'6ouponoAa

no npoMe-

xyrouHofi

o[ope:

AJIfl

Srofo

B olope 3aKJIaAbI-

Baercfl H3orHyrblfi

JIHcr, rloBepxHocrb

:Koroporo

crrra3brBaercf

rpaourou

(puc.

7-54,a).

_Pexe

BcrpeqaeTcfl

Kaqaruuleecf onljpaHHe Tpyoonpo-

BoAa

r1a

OnOpy,

TaKlKe

AaIOUee

BO3MO)KHOCTb

HeKOTOpOfO

CMerrleHAfl.

flpia

rpy6orpoBoAax

6orrruero

Al{aMerpa

II

npoJleTa

B Orropllbrx ceqeHHX

BO3HHKaIOT

3Haql{-

Te.[bHbIe

cHJIbI,

CTpeMflIrIHeCfl

CIJIIOU{HTb

O6orot{-

xy. Bo

H36exaHHe SToro

B

onopHblx ceqeHfirx

DacrloJlafaror

cilerlHaJlbHble

KoJI bII a

}I{ e cT-

:-^^--, t^--^ ?Do^\

nuUrlli

tPylL.

I't)(J'oJ.

ffi',YW::t,

7

Wa-

,Tr

Pnc. 7-53.

Koucrpyrqua

reMlleparypnbrx

KoMrleHcaro.poB

Ha orKpblro

pacnonoxeHHHx

cra.tlbuHx ty,D6unnux

no,4o-

B04aX,

d-c

canbgi{Kosof,

ua6unxofr;

6-tape.nlvaroro

filna.

189

t 100(10040

I

e

s

N

ll

frecnk0c-

nu

BePwf n

&

ropuoHnerbHbtiL

/

ouaMemP

(puc.

7-52).

B

pesynlrare ycraHoex'n

apuoQep-

o6eqartxv

-

cM. Da3

Mbr oeroH,

or(pylKarorrlHH

TpyoonpoBoA,

craJl

no

cyuecrBy

x<e.reso6eroHoM.

Tpy6onpono4

BO,U,r{JrOCb

Ha

flafaeTct

Cileql{aJlbHat aplvloqeph{a,

COcTOSUIafl

H3

AByx

noJIoBLrHoK:

uepxueft u

Hirxseft

BeTCTByer

qHcny

typ6nu,

qro

Aaer

Bo3MO)I(HOCTb

,xs6e)Katr

$acouttutx

pasBerBneHufi

na ryp6nH-

,HoM

BoAoBoAe

y

3AaHHfl

,13C.

Taran cxeua

(ca-

:MocrosreJlbHoe

rll{raHae

xaxAoft

ryp6nuu)

ne-

KOBafl

cBapKa npoAoJrbHbIX

rrrBoB

[poH3BoAHJracb

no4

Q.ntocoM

TaM x(e

Ha

aBToMare.

Hau6olee

HanprrxeHHbrMr.r

B

nrc6ou

rpy6o-

IIPOBOAC'BJIqIOTC.fl

NPOAONbHbIC

UIBbI;

HMEHHO

cMoHTHpOBaH Ha MeCTe H3 OTAeJIbHbIX

O6eqaeK-

qHnHHApoB

AnnHoli

Ao

2,68 n- Cnapxa

norepeq-

HbIx ruBoB

MexAy o6eqaftrauu

ocylqecrB.llfl.lacb

Huwusn

L 6?\63\5

Meemo |tts

188

MeTAilJIa

lrrBa

He ycTyrraroT

CBOrlcTBa

IIDOBOTA

Tn

pH\/rh^,r

r

pLrlncc

tt a R-ltPH Ita

:::.J^:..T:1eg1vub.r."u"",".rp've"'ii"""i1;;;

3Aecb

[pot"r"u"cq

-

r

a^nfrl

uuPa3oM'

AaBrIeHHeBoAbrB"rl,?%Xr1"ti1:".",J1n0?T"";

Pac.

7-55.

Cxeua

uanprxeuHoro

cocrorHr.t

s

o6oaoqKn

cra'rrbHoro

rpy60npoeoaa,

3 a

KpenJreHHOa

"'

"n"p"ox

r{oJlb

-

uax.

Puc. 7-56. Cxeua

ctri,

.qericrayrouq.rx

na

r.py6onponol

u

aHKepHyro

ono,py.

C-CXeUa

aKCnaJIbEhtX

cnn:

6-

CXeMa

.U,efiCTBHfl CIfn

Ha aHrieD-

Hylo otropy.

Ha trsrn6e

6o.'rlrue,

r{eM

BHyrpeuHqq.

Oro craHo-

Bt7Tcfl

tcHbIIvI,

ec"rllt

rrpeAcraBHTb

ce6e

t.rsorHr-_

ryrc

lpy6y npflMoyfoJrbHoro

ceqeHus.

nae,'reHle

DUAbr

fl.1

rruK9lJble

lt",lucKocTlt

Tpyobl,

flapa.IiJIe"Tb_

Hble

[r.ocKocTH

I.I3rH6a, ypaBHoBerrIuBaeTcff:

IaBJ-IeHI,Ie

)Ke

Ha BHeITTHIOIO

U3OTHVTVIO

nOBeDx-

Hocrb

6yaer

6o.trrue,

qeM

Ha

nuytpenurcro,

3a

cqer 6o.nlrueli

n"uou{aAn.

3ry

cuJry

Mox{Ho pa3-

JIOXHTb

HA

.4BC

COCTABJI'IOXIHC

OCCBbIE

CII

IIbI,

coorBercrByroque

.a.ByM

]^racrxau

rpy6onpoBo_

.f,a:

AO

H

[OCJre

HsrH6a-

3ru

cocrasJrrrrculHe

raK_

xe

BxoAsT

B COCTaB

aKCHaJIbHbIx

cHJr.

Cneqna"rllso

.4onlr(Hhr

6uru

paccurrraHbr

Ha

ycroftuunocrb

ltporaB

cABnra

aHKepnbre

onopbr

(puc.

7-56,6).

C4nnrarouIHMH

cnilaMn

flBrqrorcfl

oceBbre

cuJrbr

or o6oux yqacrKoB

rpy6onpoao4oe

2P n

P',

paeHonericreyrcrqefi

xoropux

sBrflercrr

cwna

R.o. V4epxnnarcuuMn

BeprHKaJrbHbrMH

crr-

ceq-eHr{s A

(cepe4uHa

rrponera

Mex(Ay

npeAbrAy-

uefi

npoMexyrouuoft

n anxepuoft

onopanru)

ao

KoMneHcaropa,

panuufi

Vt*Vz,

n Bec

6eroua

auxepHofi

o[opu.

Caoxas

Bce

BepruKa.rrbHbre

crr.-Ibr,

noJryqr.rM

nx parno4ericrByrouyro

S,

a

_

Koporxne

rpy^6onponoAbr,

KaK,

HanpHr\rep,

Ha

@apxa.4cxoft

f3C

(plrc.

7-38),

a

raKlKe

Harrop-

Hbre

rrrroJrbHr.r,

KaK

Ha fOC

Hlrea_l

II

(plrc.6-32,a),

o6brqHo

t-rMeror

nocroqHHsrrl

.u,Ha-

nrerp

no

AJrr{He.

fipn

4nnnHlrx

rpy6onposogax

saqaaluulr?

yqacroK

rpy6onponoAa

lrMeer

sHa-

r'^"' ',,,,*

arr

I

L.rDrrv

rvlcnDutill

pacgcr.Hblt.l

tfalfor)r'

r]eJ\I

Ko_

ueqHur"r,

BBrrAy

3Tofo

crolrnrocrb

Lrr

-4nuHst

ua-

r{a.itbHoro

yqacTKa

MeubLUe,

qet\I

KotteqHofo.

B

cooTBeTcTBfit.t

c ocHoBHbIMrI

npilHrIIrnaMH

3KOHO_

\rrrqecKoro

pacqeTa

Ailfl

HatrailbHoro

tr

KoHeqHo_

ro

lqacrxoe

rpy6onpoBoAa

no,t)'qarcrcfl

pa3Hbre

3HaqeHrlr_

Ar4aMerpa.

Taxuu

o6pasolr,

flprr

r"rr.rH_

uux rpv6onpoBoAax

AnaMerpbr

ryp6riuHoro

no-

xoBo.f,a

nocTeneHHo yMeHbrxaroTcq

IIo

HanpaBJIe_

Hrrro

K l3C,

xarc

3To

r.lMeer

r{ecro ua

Xpalrcxofi

f3C-1

(pnc.6-22)

JKoHoN{IlqecKr.re

cKopocrt.r

.1.-Ifl

TVD6IIHHb}x

Bo-r,oBonoB

xo,re6arcrcfl

B

rxtrpoKont

a"'unrao*r",

B nepBlrto

oqepeAb

B

3aBI{CHMOCTIi

OT

TItna

tl

rioHcrpyKuurr;

oHrr

Hecxo,rrbKo

6o.rlue,

qerr

y

Ie_

PIIBAIIIIOHHbIX

BOAOBOAOB

TOIO

)+(E

TIINA

iI KOII-

CTP\-XqltII.

il.Ng

CTAJIbHbIX

OTKPbITO

JIE;*iAqI{X

ryp6rtuHntx

BoAoBoAoB

3KoHoMr4r{ecKne

cKopocrtl

.rexiar

B

rrpeAe,rrax

or

J,5

Ao

5,0 .ttf cerc

vt 6onee.

Tax e rpy6onponoAe

EparcKoft

f3C,

3ajr,er-r?H-

Hot\I_

B

6etoH,

cKopocrb

npn

[o,'tHoI\I

oTKpbtrHLI

ryp6nuu

cocraBJrEer

B,B

ufcerc.

llepeftaeru

rerrepb

K paccM,orpeHuro

BbrcoKo-

HarropHr,rx

ryp6zHHux

BoAoBoAoB.

flontrMo

sHa_

rrHTe.-ibHofo

Haflopa

oHH xapaKTepri3yr,oTcfl

Ma_

.1b[\1rr

pacxonaMH,

a

CJIeAOBaTed'IbHO,

I{

MadlrbIMH

;luarreTpaMH.

D,ns

o[peAeJieHHfl

BO3MOX{HOCTH

rrsroToBJreHHfl

rvp6uuuoro

Bo.{oBoAa

qacTo

noJrb3yrorcfl

rroKa3aTer'ieM

pD,

KeclcJvt,

T.

e.

qHc_

"rrHre.ireM

xorenlsorl

Qopvy"rru;

3Aecb

p_BHyr_

peuurrfi

pacveruurl

ra[op,

rcecf

cnz; D-nH1'1psH-

snft

.l,sauerp,

c.nr..

Ha.nuque

napaMerpos

p

it D

B

OAHOM

rroKa3aTeJre

o6tqcHsercff

TeM,

qTo

npH

npoqnx paBHbrx

ycJroBr4flx

(Hanop,

AorrycKaeMoe

HANP.AXCUNC)

TOJIIqHHA

CTEHKII

3ABHCHT

TAK)I{E

H or

-tHaMerpa

rpy6onpoBoAa.

LaMyro_MaJryro

Berr.rqury

pD

H3

yrroMflHyrbrx

-

nlnue

ryp6aHHbrx

BoAoBoAoB

HMeer

rvp6uHHuft

BoAoBoA

PaoHcxori

I]SC

(prac.

6'-tS,O)

-

|

600 rceclcn

Hanopurut

rpy6oriposoa

Oapiaa_

cxoft

f3C (puc.

7-38,e)

zi-crter

cBoero

3HaqH-

re/tbrroro

AHaM-erpa HMeer

pD:2300

rceclcn-

cqer

r{3MeHe'Hfl.

Aua*tpo"

oo

o")r"".

"""]"-"'pi,

BBepxy-1820

H BHr.r3y-560O

rceclcu.

Haxo_

NHF'AHN' DD'D'

flpune4eHubre

HarrpffxeHuq

B

o6oroqxe

on_

peAe,lrsrorcq

nvreM

c,lroxeHufl

rrJrocxo,crHblx

(ln_

11i1r,rx)

Hanprxeru,i

no

"p"*";";;;p""

rpoq_

:o1'l_9,,

cy,

6z

H

cKa.rrbrBaro,rl".*

*unp"x€HHri

t.

flafipr.xerr:l,fl,

62

Co_orBercrByloT

B

ocHoBHOru

191g1rnori

Sop,vyne

(7-2,);

uanp*",i""

o, o6yc_

"rroB,'reHbr

sgrre6ou

rpy6ri,

*i^

oin'*,

Me)KAv

npoMelr(yroqHbrM

onopaM'

c

npoJreroM

L

;*;&;_

i i:[T1

"'XT

I

T?:?."

dlJ;

"

#Tf

J#

:.ru

^:l

ga

o6o,roqxy.

B

xa,{eirse

uaz6o.nee

3HaquMbrx

(ocenrrx)

CI{J]

MOX(HO

HA3BA]

o

ce

B

a

s

cocr

a

Br

q

ro

+"'!f

lf#l."

"l1l

?,

;r:ff]:

"'.9-41'-

BHyrpeHHee

AaBrIeHHe

BoAbr

Ha

repexoA-

Hbrri

KoHyc

rpH

H3M€HeHHH

rHaMerpa

c oiii-6,

H

TpeHHe,

Bo3HHKarorlee

s

cartH"*ouo,

*or_

l:::3l?p"

H

Ha

npoMexyrrcvuoft

onopu-r,p,

,"*-

1l..-:pl"yry".y

nepeMerqeHraa

rpy6u.

d

,."r"

,._

11Yu

tpyoorpoBo.4a

noqsrqercq

calra,

Ha-

rrpaBJreHHar

BoBHe

no

6nccexrp"aa.-b"u

arru

o6yc.noueua

HarHrrHeM

BHyrpeHHofo

AaBJreHHfl

I{

reM,

qro

BHeruHra

noaepxHocrr.rpy66npoBoAa

PaccnamVufiaenoe

tayillue

l(olqnafi6amop

f,1:. ^r_-51

flpovexyrovHr,re

onopbr

.orKpbrro

pacnonoxeH-

Hbrx

cTa.rrbHbrx

ryp6aHxrtx

Bo.{oBo.[oB.

a-

cKonb3rulHfr

tzn:

5

_

xaqaplqhilcs

rHtr.

T_"^T:i:

Oro

x(e

ycrpofi

*eo

;d"6";;;r;;

ffi;

:1:l_{Ilarauuu

rpy6onpoBoAa.

Ha

rpy6onpoBore

,4OJr>r(HO

HMeTbcff

HecKoJrbKo

a

ro

i

o

B,

cJry)Ka-

5iI

Arlfl

AocTyna

BHyrpb

Bo

BpeM,

ocMorpa

H

peMoHra.

^.,-l_."_r1_

sHyrpeHHar?

Harop

n

rpy6onpoBoAe

oYIer

MaJr

no

orHorueHrdro

i<

anarrl'erpy

rpy6o_

190

letl,

ry^p6nHHufi

BoAoBoA

Eparcxoft

fgc

(puc.

6-8)

uMeer

3uaqeuuff

pD:8400

rceclc-*t,

t9t

,r

or

l2

ao

45 nu. O6esafiru

usroroBJreHbr,

cBape-

c

ggoonr-r,r noanoa6n

"ra"r

"

rgi

rrl"r*;il

HbI

I{

IICNbITAHbI

HA

3ABO,U.E-H3TOTOBHTCNE

HA

IaBJreHr.re,

a 1,5

pa3a

npeBbrrrrapqee pa6ouee.

Halr6oree

cJo)KHbr[.r

oKa3aJIocb

It3roroBJreHHe

oTBOAOB,

KOTOpbre

AJIq

ilporlHocTH

ycr4JreHbr

co-

orBeTcTByrcur.rMH

BopoTHHKaMr{

l.t3 .nilcronoft

cra"rr.r

(puc.7-57,a).

B

orno.nax roJrulHHa creH-

Hn

cocraBJrser or 23

to

48 na-

Tr.rnnquas

r{oHcrpyKuHfl pa3BerBJreHlrs

ryH-

He.lfl Ha

r{ecKoJrbKo rpy6onpono4oB,

Koropafl

nprrr{eHeHa

B HaqaJre

ryp6auuoro Bo.u,oBoAa

Ha

',*-ISSO-4

Paaxepw

ftt-x

-. *^ i < ., ,'-""^.'\. -.,,,,.^-. ,'^---^ ,...--,^i .,-^-

tl Av

rru

4&

\DrrrrrJ/,

rJnnsdrD

tvAn4

nnlnoJ nAEr

or

)/paBI{I{reJIbIIOrO

pe3epByapa

.u,o

pa3BerB.rre-

3AaHHeM

rHApO3JreKTpOCTaHUilr{

Ka)KAarr HHTKa

ToJlurI{Ha

creHKr.r

vBennqllBaercq

(cgenxv

Rnprs)

pa3AeJlreTcf

Ha

rrrrb

oT.BoAoB,

Ka>KI\afr.

napa

xoTopbrx

rrlrTaeT

oAr'rH arperaT

c

IopH3oyTaJIb-

flbrM

BaJIoM

(puc-

7-57,6). Tpy6onpoBoA-cBap-

Hofi

KoHcTpyr(UI{Ir, Ir3roroBJreH

H3

cTaJrH c npe-

AeroM

np,oqHocrH

or 4000

Ao

6000 Keclcr9;

nop

cocra,B.[qer

321 ,u-

Heo6xoAHMo

orMerurb,

1ro

Koucrpyxr{r{e,

rroKa3aHHar

Ha

puc.

T_Sg,a,

6u,ra

npunaeHena

nocJre

rofo,

KaK painers"rreHue,

ocyurecrBfi

euHoe

6ea

ycrIJIHTeJr

bH

blx

BoDoTHHKoR_

TpecHyno

[p]r

r4cnbITaHEH

Ha 3aBOAe-H3rOTOBItTe_

JIe yx(e

npu

nanope

50 ,u.

Ha

DI{c. 7-58 6 !ro!{a?Arrn nreaprREAsrra

:::_

l3C

uueer^ycraHoBJreHHyro

MoruHocrb,B

rrerbrpex

arperarax

312

Mar;

MaKcnMaJrD-uufi

Hanop 75bz

n [raKcuuanlnuft

ncnonusyeuuft

pacxo.u,

i-ar^ i'i^^ ii----^-

I vv srvL-

rnrf

pEUu,

AdtTd

t7a

pnc.

/_D6r[t;

B

oc_

rroBy

ee

KoHcrpyKrlrru

noJ'ro)KeHbr

y

c lr .n

tj s a

b_

TaK

KaK

pa

Ha-

Cmanutoe

tum6e

a)

60 nglcerc-

ona

ucnoabsyer

croK

p....

Hsep, sape-

vv IL-tcen-

\,,Ha

ucrroJrb3yeT

cToK

p.

l43ep,

3ape_

ry.rrnpoBalJr{uft

apounoft

n,norunofi

Tllul. 3aecl

4na

rpy6oupoBoAa

IHarvrerpor\[

2,1

n pasnerB.rrfl-

IOTC'

B

ABe

CTyrreHH

Ha

BOCeMb

oTBO,u.OB

K

qerbrpeM

KoBlroBbrM

ryp6rrHarr.

Ha

puc.

7-58,o

[oKa3aHa

npHMeHeHHaq

3necb

cQepHrrecKafl

KOHCTpyxqfiq

pa3BerBJreHHfl.

klfues,

KOHCTpyKUrrr{

3aKJrroqaeTcfl

B ToM,

r{To

BHyTpeH-

Hlrfi

rranop

qe"'rriKoM

BocnpfiHul\raeTcg

cTeHKaMH

c$epu,

x xoropoft

npnxpenLlerrbr

norBoA

H

rBa

orBola.

I4cno.ntsosaHue

A.rrrr

Bocnpurrnfl

Harro-

pa

cQepu

4aer

paBHoMepHo

pacnpeleJreHHbre

Harrpfl)KeHufl,

KoTopbre

r\roryr

6urs

onpeAeJreHbr

cpaBHHreJIbHo

rorrHo.

fl,"rrx

HanpasreHrdfl

ABHx(e-

HHfl. Bo4br

(c

qe.nnn

yMeHbrueHlrq

ilorepb

Ha rpe-

ulre)

nuyrpu

cQepu pa3rueuleHbr

Hanpaeflqroqre

cTeHKH,

IiMerorqrie

oTBepcTHs

AJrrr

BbrpaBHHBar{Hfi

AaB"-'reHHfl.

Vxasausue

npenuyuecfna

aanHoft

KoHcrpyKrrr.rH

HeocnopHr\rbr.

O4Haxo

oillr flepe-

KpbrBaroTcfl

cyrqecTBeHHbrM

HeAOCTaTT(oM

_

3Ha_

qrnre":ibHbrM

yAopox(aHtrer{,

TaK rax

xopnyc

c$e_

pbr

,4o"TrxeH

6url

r.r3roroB.leH

n3

ira,urHoro

JrI{Tbq.

B

ycaonnnx

pasBnTr.tfl

TexHoJrorr4il

cBap.

KIr npeAcraBJrflercrr

6o.nee

AerrreBbn\r

r{grorosfiil

Ptrc'

7-57.

Typ6rnnuff

BoaoBo,*

f3c

pra

na

p.

,{,pauc-,qe-Eanu

(rllnefi{ap'r,r

.

fr;":i:Y"#"ilX"lo:fJ,i&.i?"#f;;"o"t

6-roacrpvrcqa.s

pacrpeae'nrean

rvp6uauoro

Bo.r,oEo.q,a y

3traE's

rac;

d-rpofirrr

rpy6o-

!1

r".

3arpy6noe

rpocrpaHcrno

sa6eroHapoBa_

HO.

3HarreHae

HMeer

noKa3areJrb

pD

ann

ryp6auuoro

Bo,rr,oBoAa

9epnarcxofi

fOC,

pD:lT

i66

nriiii ff*#:::yT.j-".:""_1?M

3a

cqer

Haropa.

rpyl

cerc).

-l.yp6nu-

trbrE

Hens

r92

BOAOBOA.

BbIIO.IIHCH

B

BH,4C

co

cra.nruoft

o6oao.rxoft

[PoTg>I(eHHH

OT

BbrxoAa

H3

TyHHeJTH

rHAPosnerrpocraHrlr{H

H

HMeer

yMeHbrrramuluect

AnaMerpbr

or

l,T

HarropHoro

TyH-

TonuIHHoft

no

H

TO

3AAHHfl

NOCTEIIEHHO

,ru (cnepxy)

Pxc.

7-58. PaasersreHHr ryp6nnsux

BbrcoKoHanopHblx

ao,{oBoAoB.

o-_Eacargxafl uacrs

ryp6xrxono

EoaoBoaa

fOC Jloc-9sup€cc

(r{E

E);6-nepej_slansex

I3C

Maeurooep

xa

p.

Hgep

(Opanqns);

d-.!,eraJrE

roxcrpyxq,rr

goeprsecxorg pa3aeraJresus

sa fOC

l[arbroBep.

Oa&laqo

euclu

i.hna

15

ft*.tJ,A

4

Ftqoc

s

R

*

Tf{

s

\$

$

Tn\rnnnnnb^E^h

rrrr( rFrlFHHll

KoHcTpyr(qflH,

cqlnTaf

.

qTo

t tTYn t

gr

vrrrvA,rr

vr

Jl(Jll

nptr

coBper{{eHHOfi

cax(eHHbIX

Ha

BaJr,

Me)r(Ay

KOTOpbIMH paAHaJrbHo

pacnonarapTcq

CnHqbr,

oHH

CoeAI{HeHEr

c 060_

BecKr,r

BparqanIIIefocq

BaJra

reH€paTopa

xHT

}racaxeHHafl

Ha

Hero

oIIopHaH

ngTa,

cIeAHHrr

PaCEO.EaraerCf

Ha rToA-

Koropbrx

cJyqafx

Aaxe

npeBo-

cxoAur

I 000 rc.

Hanounuu,

rrro

oceBoe

AaB-

.[eHHe

Ha

nflTy.

olpeAeJrfleTcf Be-

J,poarpefaTa

H ocesorl

cocraB-

,!r"po-opo

nsrculeft

AaBJreHr,rfl

BoAbr

Ha

pa-

6o.ree KoJIeco.

Onopnue

Ar.rcKr.r

lrrrbr

r43ro-

TOBJITIIOT

U3

CTaJILi C IIOBbI-

p'c. g_1.

flo-ns

IIIeHHbIM

CoAepxaHHeIvI

yrJIepo-

Aa

H orru.nn$oeuBaror

Ao

3ep-

KaJrbHoro

6.necra. Onopuue

AHCKH

Bpauanrcn

I]o

cefMeHTaM

noArrflTHHKa, Ha

XoTopbre

pa3-

6ura Bcq

onopHafi floBepxnocrb; rroBepxHocrb

TpeHHfl cerMerrroB

gaJ'rHra

cJroeM

6a66nra.

Cernesrur

BcJreAcrBlie

oco6oir KoHcrpyKuHr.t

oIIHpaHHq MoryT

Hecl(oJrbKo

rroBeprbrBaTbcrr

oKoJIo

csoeri npo4o.nluofi

ocH,

pacno,rrararc-

uleftcs B

paAHaJrbHoM

HarrpaBd'reHHK. Cerlreu-

Tbt Ha

tlz-tlo

csoefi

Ebtcorbl

rrorpyxeHbl

B Ma,C,'If HyIO

BaHHy; ilpfl BpaU{eHHH

pOTOpa

BCJICACTBHC

NOBOPOTA (<<CAMOYCTAHABJIIIBACMO.

cTH>>) cefMeHToB MexAy

HrrMr.r

H orropHbrrrr'{

nrrc-

xanan

o6pa3yercfl

MacJrfli-iafl rrJreHKa,

yMeHb[rarc-

ilrafl TpeHHa.

!,na

ilpaBuJrbHoft

pa6oru

onopHofi

ngrH Heo6xoAHMo o6ecneqnrr

qupKyJrsunlo

Nra-

cJIa, a TaKx(e efo LtcKyccTBeHHoe oxJra)KlteHue,

TaK

KaK B

pe3yJlbTaTe

TpeHHff MaCJIO

B nflre Ha-

rpeBaercf.

'flounuo

onopuoft rrsrbr,

BocnpHHHMarculeft

oceBble

ycItJIHfl,

flMeroTcfl HanpaBJlsrcuue

pa-

AHaJIbHbre

rroArrrnnHaKll,

o6ecneuaBapune

Bep-

THKaJrbHocrb

Ba.rra.

t{aqe

Bcero HMeroTcrr

ABa

H anp

a

BJIrr

rcIlInx [oArrIrrnH r{Ka-

[;rr

uopua.nluoi

pa6orn

reHeparopa Heo6-

xoAHMo

B noJIrOCaX

pOTOpa

COsAaTb MaTHHTHOe

noJre,

T. e. flpoilycKars

no o6uorKaM noJl]ocoB

no-

crossHsli rox. I4ueercrr

HecKoJIbKo cucrer{ Bo3-

6yx4eunn.

Haa6o;ree

pacflpocrpaseuuoft

flBJlflercrr npr-

Mafl-H

H

I\H

B

lt

AY

aJr b H a

fl CHCTeMa

e

O

: 6

yx-

AeHHn.

flpu

sroM Bbrure

poropa Ha Ba.-Iy

pac-

noJraraeTcfl

reHepaTop nocTofHHofo ToKa, Ha-

sHeaelvlHft sos6yAHTeJIeM,

noAarculrtfi

no-

MOUlHbrx

arperaroB TaKoe

nos6yx4eHhe rJ'IaBHo-

ro reHeparopa flBJrrercfl

HeyAoBJrerBopHTenb-

HbtrM, TaK KaK OHO

npoTeKaer CpaBHrrreJlbHo

MeAXeHHO; B 3Thx

CJryqaflX,

IIOMHMO nOS6yAUre-

13+

,Itl, Ha Ba.Iy

pa3MeulaeTcq

AOIIOJIHHTe,'lbHO

el{e

n

o.t.

B

o s 6

y,4

r.r r eJI b. floc"re.r.HItfi

Aaer

nocro-

nguurl

rox

eos6y,ll{Te!'Ilo,

BcJe,ILcrBHe

r{ero

ilpo-

uecc

aoa6-v-)KAeHHrr

nporeKaer

6ucrpee.

Koceer{Harr

cIrcreNla Bos6yxr.1e-

H

lt

g

3aK,'trcqaercq B Tor\I,

I{To

B

sAaglltt

f 3C

ycraHaB"rutBaercfl

BCIroMoraTe.-rbHafl

ryp6uHa c

reHeparopoM nra,'rofr rrou{Hocru;

nocreAHllr?

no-

.r.aer

nepeMesssrrt

ToK B

Morop-reHeparop,

or

Ko-

Toporo nocroqnHrtft ToK Mo)I{er

6rrrr

no4eeleH

K

KAX{AOMY TJIABHOMY ICHCPATOPY. IIPH

KOCBCH-

Hori cllcreMe

nos6yx.4eHr{r, noMptMo

ycraHoBKrr

r{a",Ioro arpefara co6crBenHbrx

Hy}KA,

Heo6xo.trr-

MO Ir illeTb

AOIIOJI

H llTe.;l bHble

paCIIpeAeJI

lrTe,lbH

br e

ycrpoficrna

co6crnessux Hyx.r,

H

rrr{Hbr

rrocro-

flHHO|O

TOKa.

B noc.neAHee

BpeMfl

A,rrr

ruorrrHbrx

fuApoar-

peraroB

HaquHaer

npnMeHrrbcfl Bos6y>x.1e-

HIIe

r{oHHbrMu BeHTHJIfl.v,H-

OHn npeg-

craB,'IsroT co6oft 3aKpbrrbre cocyAbr, B KoTopbre

no.d,aercfl nepeMeHHbrfi rpexQasnHft rox, a

BbrBo-

AHTCq

nOCrOssnUft rOn. I4OUHlre

BeHTHJrr.r

Moryr

6url

pacloto)KeHbr

B

cJlyxe6nou rroMerqeHrrr.r

pflAot\r

c

MarrrurrHbrM 3aJIolI.

!,nn

nuraHrfl

BeH-

rll"reft HoHHoro nos6yx4enHfl Ha

rHAporeHeparo-

pe

)rcraHaBJlr.rBaercf

BcnolrorarenbHuft

crrHxpoH-

uufi

reHeparop

rreper{eHHoro roKa

axrfisHofi

MorrIHocTbIo

oKoJIo 20/s ocnonuoro.

OH npeAcras-

;rger

co6oft

ertr€;'rbHlro

trrarurrHy, Ho pa3Merrlae-

ruyro B

ra6apurax ocHoBHoro reHeparopa.

Ball.ly

sroro npnMeHeHrre uoHHoro eo:6yx4eHr.tfl

He-

cKo"rIbKo

yMeHblxaer

BeprlKa.rbHbIe

ra6aplrru

ocHoBi{ofo

o6opyAoBaHHfl

.

pa

reHepaTopa HarpeBarorcs, u

EJtfl,

npeAoxpaHe-

HHq rr3orrur.ru or npo6ofl reHeparop

Heo6xo4urr,ro

oxJrax{.qarb.

Anq

[poxox{AeHru Bo3ryxa

qepe3

reHeparop- ero

oxJraxAeHr.rq-porop

cHa6xaer-

195

/

Soafurxb-

axnadumetto

Bep

AJrfl

ryp6uunoro

BoAoBoAa,

npoJro)xeHHofo

B

ABe

HHTKLT,

Bce

)Ke

6uno

nplrrr.reHeHo

6as1a_

)KIlpoBaHHe.

Pacqeruui

ganoo-BHpr3r_/

.^4!4DEd

er

-862

u.

Nlarepur"

-ooo"o"*L

;;';;.r;;?;:

'nopHoro

r1'p6rnuoro

Bo.x,oBo.qa

l3C

Ma,rrroBe.p

c

HaBrr-

:Ty-o

c

npeAeJIoM

npoqHocrrr

5400

xeclcu2,

rori

sHcolionpoqnori

npoao'roxoli

Ha

3aBore-u3roroBureJe.

o6.[aAaou{aq

HaHgltcueti

cBap}tBaelfocrb}o.

Cpeaurr

H BepxHflq

uacrrl

rp\,6onirouo.lou-or*_

oTBoA

Ir3

c_B_apeHHbrX

CTa.r.rbHbrx Jrr.rcroB

nyXuol.i

AaXHpoB.aHbr

nponO"nOxOli

ArraUerpOri,r

B

uu,

ToJIUIIIHbI.

Hexoropan

HeflcH,ocrb

B

pacnpele.ire-

lluerculuft

_npeAeJr

nporrHocrrr

200b0

xeclctnz.

HHri

w BeJIIIqHHe

HanpqxeHltfi

naoxer

6urt

xorrr-

JBeHo

rpy6rt

[ocJre

o6susxli

npoao,'ioxoli

no5-

[eHcHpoBaHa

BBe.{eHHerr

AonxHoro

3anaca.

BepraJrocb

Ha

3aBoAe

B

CneqrrarbHotrr

craHxe

Ao

cpaBHnrerbHo

He.ir.aBHofo

BpeMeHr.r

rirfl

(puc.

7-59)

noBbrrxeHHoMy

BHyrpeHHaMV

.rlaB,re-

Becbl\{a

3HaqHTeJIbHbIx

Hanopor (6olttulte

3Ha-

HIlIo,

B

pe3yJlbrare

qero

o6o;louxa

rpy6onpono-

qeHHt

pD)

,npu*teHq,'Il4cb

6anAaxtHpoBaH- LanocJlecHffTrrfl

EaBJreHrlfl noJyrrHracbcxarori,

HbIe

rpy6onpo_BoAu.

Ha

cpaBHr{re.7ibHo

r.e.npeABapr.rreJrbHoHanpaxeHHoft.

roHKocreHHyto

rpy6y

R ropsqeM

cocrotHl{Il

Ha-

AaHsufi

npoqecc

nur"r"u"ra"

asro6aH-

AeBaJII'lcb

6autrax<u-o6pyulr

H3 BblcoKorlpo,ruofi

.f,,axr{poBaHlreu.

1]ono.;ruurejrb*oe ycr.rJrr.re,

cTaJIH,

BbInoJIHeHHHe

6es

IIIBOB.

3a

cqer

_Brlyl-

no,Iyr{eHHoe

npoeoaoxofi,

Kor\{rreHcqpyeTcfl

ee

rro_

peHHero

o6xarHq

rpy6lr

.[,aBrIeHHeM

(pHc.

7-50),

euueHHoft

rd.""o";;;.' ,Irp"4rup"rerrbHoe

Ha-

npeBbInEroIrIIdM

pacqerHoe'

BHyrpeHHflfl

o6oJot{-

rlpffxeHue

o6ono.rxr.r

rpy6n

npoflBJrrercq

B

no-

Ka

rpy6u

IIJlorHo

npHXHIvtaJIaci

x

6au4axau;

seJreHnu

e

Heri

a*"*rr,6urrx

Hanpflxegr.rft.

Ha-

KpoMe

rofo'

yJIyqlIaJIIlcb

ynpyfHe

cnoficrna

lre-

no noJlararb,

qro

B Harultx

ycJloBrrflx

nprr

TaJIila

(nonltrueuue

npeAe"rla

flpoltopulroHa"'I-bHo-

coopy)KeHuH

Bbrc_oKoHanopHbrx

rHApo3JreKTpo-

cut)'

B

Hacroquree

BpeMfl

BeAyIIIne

sapy6e>x-

cra'uuft

';**

6t;;;o?orr""o

np'NreHeHreNr

Hue

Supult

no

I{3roroBJIeHtt}o

nucoxouanopuux

6o.nee

AerueBbix

rJraAKLrx

cnapugx

rpy6.

f

taee

Bocbrtan

3AAH

Hfl

| HAPOSJT

EKTPOCTAH

rIH

lZ

8-1.

ocHoBHOE

IIAPOCHJIOBOE

OEOpy,[oBAHilE

.q,oNr,

B Koropor{

,HaxoAercfl

norr}ocbr,

nr{raeMbre

H

ycrPoncrBA'

PA3MEITIAEMbIE

B

3AAHI'tI{

no.to"n"o,*

roKoM.

Ciarop

pacrrorraraercr

Ha

II{APO3JIEKTPOCTAHITHH

6eroHsom

ocH'oBaHHH

no4no4nofr

qacr'

3AaHHfi

Ir

BbI[OJIHq€TCfl

B

BHAe

cTa"{bHoro

KoJIbIIa,

B

KO_

I( ocuonouy

rH.{,pooIrJIoBoMy

o6opyaonaHuto

ropoM

c BHyrpeHHer?

cropoulr

pa3MeqeHa

cuc-

rllApo3JlexrpocraHurli

orHocqrcff

ryp6nHu,

rll4-

rer\ra

1r3

rpex

66uorox

1ai<rnnHar

crant).

B o6_

pofeHeparopbr

r{

TpaHc$op,uaropor.

rtrorKax

rroA

BJTHflHHeM

Bpauarculefocff

MarHr.rr_

B

uacroaqee

bpeux

-6o,lluruscrBo

KpyrrHbrx

Horo

rroJrs,

cosAaBaeMoro

rroJrrocaM'

poropa,

II

cpeAHllx

f3C

nrvreror

rHrpoarpefarbl

c Bep-

Ij.HAyuupyercn

rpex6asHuft

s,reKrpavecxufi

rox.

TLIKaJIbHbTM

BaJrot\{,

nphueM

reHeparop

pacno,rra_

BHaoA

ToKa

ocyulecrBJrgercfl

or

^o6uoro*

"rr_

raercr

Bbrrrre

ryp6anrr.

fnaporeHeparop

r{rreer ropa.

HI'IxecJIeAyIolqHe

ocHoBHbIe

KoHcrpyKrHBHble

qa-

Ba.n

reHeparopa

HHXHH11

KoHuoM

-

P6rol

6;;;;qer

co6oft

ABa

AHcKa.

Ha-

flercq

c BaJroru

ryp6uHu.

!,.nn

4axefr; rocraBJreHnbrx

B

Ht)KHCf

vacrli-py-;_

Pac. 7-59.

Onpeccouxa

3BeHa

l\rerarrJrlrqecKoro

Bbrco6oJra-

[poBoIoB,

-

MapTeHoBcKaf

xpoMoMeAHHcTafr

--

2p-

)

,,

Tg/pfutHa,

^petno6uva

u/aama

pomopa

nfle0namucec'rui

Dodae44'/d

mopMal

noA-

cry-

OTIH-

flo-

,

vvL!rrLfrrDorurt{cn

KUStpiplI_

querrr

npo'lHocrn

cBapnoro

urBa,

paBr{uri

'eeg-

::,"1":.X :lL, :l

"

y:HeH

rr

H B brcoKon

p

oq

H br

x

M

a

poK

cra.neft

MoxHo

noflyqarb

seo6xoauuyro

[poq_

uocrt_

o6uqHuM,

6onee

npocrblru

n,

cne4onare;r

t-

Ho,

6o.lee

AerrreBbrM nyrer\t

-

npHr\{eHeHHeM

rJraAKHx

rpy6

c

Heo6xoAllrraoft

rolurunorl

creHxu.

OaHaxo

(xpecronuHe), nepe.4anqefi

ycn-

onopran

nzma;

ilHfl.

HA 6erOH

nOAgO,qHOfi

qacTr.r

gI\aHHfl,

f3C.

Bconpelreuntrx

,

t

Jfuecdoluhp.a

MOUIH

brx rHApOaf

peraTax,(aBJre-

.HHe

Ha OlopHyro nflry BecbMa

SHaqHTeJrbHO: OHO

,qOXOAHT

AO

HCCKO'bKHX COTCH TOHH. A B HC-

NO'

194

palor4affcfi

Ha

HenoABHx(Hufi

noAnrruax.

cfl

Beltrll.[gUIloHHblMH

.noIIaTKaMIl.

]{ueercg He- noA'beMa

Mox(eT

cocTaBltrb

lrecKo"{bKo

caHTIt-

p

a3oMKII)'rofr

cIr

creMe

Bo3A)'x

sa6ttpaer-

cs H3BHe, npon)rcKaeTcfl

qepe3

reHepaTop,

fAe

oH

HarpeBaercfl, rr 3areru nrt6pacuoaercfl Hapyxy;

B 3HNIHee Bper\rrr

3Tor

Hafperuft

nosAyx

r\{oxer

6urr

IIcno.'Ib3oBaH

Anff

oronJlel{ult

MattlHItHot'o

sa.na- flplr 3ar\rKHytofr cHcreMe BeHrrrJrs-

r{HH

HarperHr?

e reneparope Bo3Ayx nocryrraer

B

Cneqr{a.irbHuft

eosayxooxJlaAHreJlb,

rAe

or{

or-

AaeT

cBoe TenJIo, H nocJle

oxJlaxAerrHq

cHoBa

nocrynaer B reHeparop. l4Mer,orcl KoHcrpyKUHrr

oxJIa)KAeHIJs, Koropbre

luoryr

pa6oraru

KaK pa-

3ODrKHyTbre H KaK

3aMKHyTbre.

flocrosrrnoe Bocfipllffrrre renJla

B

ox.'IaAnreJre

o6ecneqrrsaercq

cHa6xeHrter{

ero nporoquofi

xo-

loAuofr

noAori. BoAa e

riaqecrBe ox.ilax,q.alou{eri

cpeAbr u)'xHa

rar()Ke

A.qfl

ox.ryaxAeHrrfl ouopuoft

nflTbr Ir HanpaB.'Iflrorqlrx noA[rr.rnHHI(oB. Taxum

o6pasom,

xa;x.4urri

reHeparop HyxAaercfl

B no-

crorFrHor\{

cHa6n<esun ero

onpeAeJienHbr\r

pacxo-

aoM

Bo.u,br.

C

sroii

ue,rrbio

B 3.u,aHrrr f3C

ao"'rx-

ua 6urr

cucre\ra

rexHurrecKofo Bo,q,ocHa6xeHlrq.

feueparop

cHa6)Kaercr

nHeBMarur{ecKr.rMrr

TopMo3ar\{rr.

Ourr

npeAcraBJrrrrcr

co6ofi BbrABn-

farcqnecs

BBepx Ko";roAriri, nprrBoAuMbre

s

Aeft-

crBHe

cxarbrrr Bo3A),xoN{. Toprrrosa

ycraHaBr'rrr-

BarcTcrr

no neprrrrerpy Ha

Hl.rx{Heil KpecroBrrlre.

floc"rye Bbrr(.trroqeHrrfl reHeparopa

qacrora

Bparqe-

HHfl.

pOrOpa

nocTeIIeHr{o

yMeHbruaeTcfl.

l.urr{-

TeJIbHoe Bpaurerirre

Ha

rror{pr)KeHHbrx o6oporax

Bbr3blBaer

yxyArxeHHe yc.nonlrft

cMa3KH

B orrop-

Hofi nsre rr ruoxer

npuBecru K ee

rr3Hocy. Bnu-

Ay

3TO|O, KaK rO":rbKO

qaCTOra

BpaUIeHHf

COi(pa-

Trr,'Iacb

np{r}repHo

Ao

50-350/0

HopMzr.4bHofi,

ne-

o6xoAlrrrlo

rrcr{)rccrBeHHo

ropM03Irrb

porop

fly-

TeM

BbrABrrfaHilg BBepx

Topr\,r03Hbrx

Ko"rroAoK.

Topuosa

c.r)')Kar raK)Ke

AoMKparat\[.H

nprl

c6opxe u

pas6opxe

reHeparopa, raK KaK

rro3Bo-

.IIgloT

rroAHgTb

poTop

Ha TopMo3HbIX KoJroAKaX

Lr rer{

caMbrl\r

pa3rpy3Hrb

onopHyro rrffry; Bbrcora

Er4ttMptui

daadga-

oztad@?rb

itl.

xot

,lacuttu

Sdxta

Eanp-dEnupr4ai

t

oaafllu

Aua

mgp&tx,

Puc. 8-2. 3oHru.rnhrfi reHeparop.

t96

"'-_r-"'

rrar

nvlo-

Hus B TOpMO3HyTO

CrrcT€rlry

MacJra

noA

BbrcoKr.rM

raBJrenueM

(ao

100 xeclcn2)

rryrer\r

npncoeArHe-

Hrrfl

nepeABH)r(Hofo

l\racrflHoro

Hacoca.

B

HeKoropbrx

cryqaflx

HaBepxy

reHepa-

lopa

pa3Meulaercfl

pery.nnroputui

reHeparop

(puc.

8-2),

np€AHZl3Haqaenauri

AJrfl

nnrar{nfl

To-

KoM

ABurarerq

peryJflropa

rvo6usu

(,cu.

S

3-9):

pery.naropuuft

reHeparop

flB.Jrrercfl

naqaJrbHbrM

gBeHor\{

areKTpuqecxoft

cgqgrr rLrApoarpefara

c

pefyJlflropou

ryD6uHlr

u o6uquo

Hrlreer

qacrory

8-16

ileprroAoB

B ceK)'rrAy.

B

xoucrpyKTr{BHolr

orHorrreHua

Irroryr

6url

IBe

OnopHble KpeCTOBltHbI:

OAHa

IIO.U.

pOrOpOr\r-

HU)KHqfl

u oAHa HaA

poropor\r

-

BepxHfls

B

sa-

BlrcnMocrr.r

oT

pacno.'rox(eHriq

onopuofi

nflrbr

no

oTHorrreHlrro

K KpecroBrrHar{

ferreparopbr

jleJrfircfl

HA

ABA

THIIA:

NOABECI{bIC

II

3OHTHI{HbIE.

.B

noAsecHbrx

feHeparopax

(puc.

8-l) onop-

r{ar

nqra

pacnoJraraercrr

Ha

nepxHefi

KpecroBtr-

I{e, xoTopatr

B

II"Iaue

IrMeeT

BIIA

MOCTa

II.rrr.I

npH

I\4oxIHbrx

arpefarax-Soprrly

sBe3AoBrrArroft

ono-

pbr

(puc.

6-8). Hanpae.nrlou{le

roArxr.rnHHKH

pacrroJrararcTcrr

B ra6aplrrax

nepxHeft

u Huxseri

KDCCTOBHHbI.

B

souraqsHx reneparopax

(pac.

8-2)

onop-

Hafl

rrfTa rrepeAaeT

Hafpy3Ky

Ha HI)Kr{rOrO

Kpe-

croBHHy;

HarrpaBJrrrou{llfi

noAurrznrrr{K

pac[o.{a-

raer'cfl

coorBercrBeuHo

Ha nepxHeft

KpecroBaHe.

Tax

xaK

rrpo,Ter

HrrxHefi

KpecroBr.lHbr

MeHb-

[re,

qeN{

nepxHefi,

ro rrpr{

3HaqHTe,rrbubrx

Hafpy3-

xax (r.

e.

npH

MorrlHbrx, Tfl)KeJrbrx

reireparopax)

rrpeAcraBJrrercfl

qe.lecoo6pasnun

nepeAaBarb

ycHJrHr

or orropHori nlrtt

r.rMeur{o

Ha

HH)KHroto

KpecroBuHy,

T. e. rrpuMerrflTb

goHrn.tHlrft

Tr.rn

rnAporeHeparopa.

flprr aronr

BepxHrfl

KpecroBlr-

H3,

HMeIouIar

6o.nsruott

ttpo,Ter,

3Har{HTe,,tb]to

o-6.nerqaercfl.,

TaK

KaK Hecer

r{eHbrxyrc

Harpy3Ky.

OcuonHuu

HeAocrarKoM

npn

3ToM, o.ur{aKo,

gB-

Jrflercfl

,orHocureJrbuo

TpyAHbrft

gocryn

K onop-

Hoft

nffTe,

ssnqrcuertcs sau6o.uee yrsnauorl

rra,crbro

feHeparopa,

rpe6yrculeft

Han6o.nee

rula-

reJrbHoro

HaA3opa.

!,;rn

reueparopa

c 6olrurofi

qacroroir

Bparr{eHHr

(6o.nee

100-150

o6lnun)

H c

AHaMerpaMH

craropa MeHbrrre

l0

u

sa onop-

HyIo

nrry

Aeficrnyer

cpaRHareJrbHo

MaJroe

ycu-

;llle,

BcJ'teAcTBHe

qefo

nepelaqa

AaBIeHHq

Ha

BepxHIoIo

fipecroBlrHy

He npeAcraBJrser

3arp1r4-

seuuft.

Bell4y

sroro

AJrrr

rarioro

poAa

reHeparo-

poB

rraue

Bcero

[pnHr.rMaor

noAsecHofi

run.

flpn

ua;loft

qacrore

BparrIeHHF

(ueuunre

75-100

o6lnuru)

,H

rpn 6oltuzx

AhaMerpax

craropa

6onee

pacnpocrpaHeHHbrM

rnnoM

reHepa-

Topa

rBJrrercs

soHTnqsnrft.

B [ocJreAHee

BpeMff

JICTIIIITb

II

YTlCHbil]iITb

BEC TITI)KHEH

KPCCTOBITHbI'

a raKxe norr6.'tt|gltru

reHeDaroD

K TVp6lIHe,

T. e.

ItecKoJIbKo

COKpaTllTb

BbIcoTy

no.I(BoAHOll

qacTII

sraurrg

I-3C.

cOAofi ouopuxllettHriX

Ciiiip6a:i,iioii

Iia]'icpi'i

ii

oT-

cacblBaIoueft

rpy6u

flpoll3BoAllrcff

nocrerleHHo

It6oost

ga

nvJlbre

YI]PaB'1eHHfl'

a

o6soAuyto

rpy6y

(6atinac)

ilprr

3aKpblroM

HanpaBJIfl

rcUlell

aIInapaTe.

Pasuepu

or,u.e.rlbHbtx

qacreit

rll;ilpoarperara,

nocraB.lleMblx

Ha crpollre.rlbcrno,

o6ltquo

orpa-

HrrqHBaIOrCfl

yc,roBIltl

Iull

rpaHcilopTa.

flpeanaplrre;ruttttft

rIoHTalK

rllApoarpera-

T^q

- \r]{nv!!Hell!!e

v.?.MB

-

nOOH3BO,1llTcf

B sAa-

'

"-' j-

nuu

f3C

Ha

creultaJlst-toti

lrouraxsofi

n.rou{aA-

xe. Mo

I{Tax(H

afl

n'rouI

a

AK

a

pacnoJlara-

FT^q uAtrrF Rce!-o Ha

oTIleTKe

tlo"'Ia

I{aIII{HHOIO

3a.rra

B o.q,HoM

It3

ero

roplroB.

VxpynHeuuste

r{aCTLl

rll.ltpoarperaTa AOCTaB,TflIOTCtI

C NIOHTdK-

nofi

n.xouIaAKII

K ]\'lecry

ycraHoBKll

arpel'ara

I\'rocToBbIIlI

IIJIII

KO3.:I

OBbI

t\l

X

p

a HOI!1.

P

asivtep

lt uoH-

raxHoit

nJIou{aAKIi

B ILrlaHe

AoJ-lxl{bl

o6ecfleqn-

BaTb

Bo3l\{o)I{HOCTb

yKpynHeHHtl

y3.1OB

HecKoJIb-

KHX

arperaroB,

c

relt

t{ro6H

6ucrpee

3aBep[Iurb

BBoA

arpetaroB

B

3KcnJlyarauuro-

fpysono:t'L'€M-

HOCTb

MOCTOBO|O

krtrr[

Ko3JrloBolo

KpaHa'

a

B

KpyilHblx

rlr.u.po3.rIeKTpocraHuHgX

-

cyNIrIapHaq

AByX

C[apeHHbIx

l\locToBblx

KpaHoB

,LO.ll)KHa

cooT-

BercrBoRarb

Becy

i\{oHTllpyeuoft

qacrll

fllApoar-

pefara. B

6olluliscrBe

c".IyqaeB

onpeAe.:Ifl

rourrM

flBrqeTcfl

Bec

poropa

fellepaTopa

c

BaJIOM'

Mocronrte

I{JIII

Ko3JIoBble

KpaHbI

Ao"l)I(HbI

IIMerb

BO3MO)I{HOCTb

nepeABl.rfarbcfl

no

nyrffNI

c MoH-

raxuoti

rtJ'IoilraAKIl

n.l.o.tt;

sceii

I.rIIlHbI

3Aal{lltl

f3c.

fIolrl.l,vo.

oflItcaHHoro

BbItrle

oSopy:oeaHila

s

saaulltt

f3C

ro,lxuu

6url

npeAycllorpeHbl

raK)Ke

HrrlKec.;teA)'totqtte

1'crpoficrna'

P a

cnp

e

A

e.'i

lrre"rl'b

H

oe

ycrp

o ft crBo.

Ha

reHeparopHOl\{

HaIIpf}l(eHIIII

He-

o6xoAltuo

A.'If

coorBercrBellllbl-\

HYx]

f3C'

Oso

gtr

aqr.tre"T

bHo

)

c,rlolKHff

ercn

H

);Be"ry

llqll

B aercfl

IIo Mac[Ira6y

a cryvaflx

BbI.r,aql'1

nOTpe6llreJIfl]\I

qacrfi

MouIHOCTIi

Ha

reHepaTopHoAI

Hanpfl>KeHI{I{'

-I' r e

p

uer'r rula tr-{ r! r nrreM

H

f4f<.ZMl4

TOKa

CO6CTBeHH

bIX

HylKA,

xoropble

He

AonycKanr

nepepblea

e

pa6o-

Te, tB,TfltoTcfl

ABIIIaTeJIH

MaCjltHOrO

xOsgftcrea

cl'lcreMbI

pery.rlupoBaHufl

II c]\'Ia3KI{

rl'lApoarpera-

TOB;

ABI,IfaTe.rlIl

HacocoB

TexHHqecKofo

lI

no)Kap-

Horo

nonocua6xesns.

fluraulte

co6crBeHHblx

Hyx.rl.

AoJIx(Ho

6blrb

o6ecne'IeHo

or

ABYX

He3aBH-

clIMbIX

Apyr

or

.[pyra

l4croqHI{KOB,

HaIIpI.IMep

or

ocHoBHblx

leHepaTopoB

I{

BCIIOMOfaTe'ilbl{ofo

reHeparopa,

coe!.IlHeHHO|O

Ha

oAHOl,{

Ba-'-ly c

r'Ia-

;roft

ryp6anoft

co6crseHHHx

HyxA.

Tax>r<e

ue

AolycKalor

xaxoro-.ul6o

nepepblBa

B

pa6ore

npHex{HI{KII

IIOCroqHHOrO

TOKa;

K

HqM-orHocflrcfl

peJle

H

MexaHId3\IbI

ynpaB"rIeHI'In

l3C,

npllso,nu

M aCJI

f

H

bIX

BbIKil

IOq aTer-Iel'l'

KOHTp

O"{

bil ble

I{ CH

r-

HaxoAIrT

npHMeHeHr.te

KoHcTpyKrlr.rs

reHepaTopa

3oHTHqHofo

rurra, flpr.r Koropoft

oceroe

ycHtue

rrep$

onopHuft

rro4nrrHr{K

nepeAaercfl

He

Ha

HHx(Hroro

KpecroBaHy,

a Ha

KpbrrxKy

ryp6xHbr.

l

aKar, KoHcrpyKrlnff

rro3Bonser

gHaqnTe.rlrso

b6-

!,r'If

reHeparopoB

ycraHoBJIeHbr

cneAyloqtle

crallAaprHble

HanptxeHlls:

3,15:6,&

10,5;

r,5,75

ie.

t{er.r

l,rou{uee

relleparop,

Te\{

6olsttle

HaIIpfl)KeHHe.

!,"'rn

co6crsenHulx

HyxA

craHl{ljll

qaure

Bcet-o

npt.tMeHtercq

Hanpflxeuue

3,

l5 rco,

'.- f aa

!

Es Frtra!r!zq

flLJlcIILISlIC

191 V

D !lL'Er{nE^

r vv

A'r^

co6crnetrurtx

Hy)KA

craBtlrcfl

noHII)Katoullle

rpauc$oprlaropbl.

Ha

Eparcxofi

f3C

npeano-

iraraercff

ycraHoBl'irb onurliltir

reneparop

c

Ha-

Irpfl)KeHner[

220 xa,

T. e.

c

Hanpffx(eHueM,

co-

orBercrBytourltM,rrHHI{t{

3JIeKrponepeAaqtt.

Ta-

xum o6pasoM,

orrlaAaer

saAo6socrl

B TpaFIc-

$oplrarope

rIoBbIIrIeHIlfl

Hanpr)KeHHs.

3ra,xoH-

crpyKrltit

reHeparopa

tBllrcfl

nporpecctteHoit.

Crau,r,apruble

Hanps;xeHHn

JIHHHi:i-

-e.nexrpo-

nAnAnrur 4;rtrnvrnrrrl{ei

aS,

t 10,

22O, 330,

500

u

rrLPLAq

arr

!arLAJ

rvq

750

xe

qer{

r'r}IHI'Ifl

nepeAar{fi

AJII{Hee'

relr

6oll-

rtre

Aot)r(Ho

6rtrs

ee HarlpsxeHne.

.[,"rq

sHAarII{

3HepfIIIt

rro

,rlIHIIfll\1

3JIeKrpo-

nepeAaqII

Heo6xo.{.ltlto

noBLIc[lrb

Hanpgx(eHlle

TOKa

no

cpaBHeHllto

c

rerleparopHbll\{,

rlro

ocy-

lIecTB,IIfeTCf

noBblcItTedIbHbIMLI

Tp aI{

c-

Qop

narop

antr.

floc.'ie,[,Hlle

pa3Ae.rlslorcfl

Ha

ipei$asnne

u oAHoQasHbre.

IIepnue

coe-

-LrrHflIOTCS

C

OAHII\I

II"lIi

HeCKOJIbKI'IMH

reHepaTo-

par,rlr. Ilpit

npnnaeHeHltrt

oAHoSasHHx

rpaHcQop-

IraropoB

Ha

xaxAtrit

afpefar

IIJIH

rpynny

afpe-

raToB,

coeAIIHeHHbIX

UlrlHaMll,

craBI'iTcg

Tpll

rpaHcQoprlaropa.

t{aue

Bcefo

noBbIcHTeJIbHbIe

riauc$opl{aropbl

pacro"rararorcfl

e6,'Itlett

sAa-

HHr

fOC;

or

Hefo

K orKpblroMy

pacnpeAe.{lI-

reJ-rbHor\Iy

y'crpoftcrey

ua

6epery

lzAyr

JIIIHI{l'l

Ha

IIOBbIIlIeHHOI\I

H

an

pfl )Ketl

llll;

JII'lHIIIl

3r-I€KTp

On€p

e-

Aar{r.r

K norpe6ltre"lflM

ll.r,yr

yx{e

91

orKpblroro

pacrpeterr.rrerrbHoro

ycrpoficrea

(oPy).

llepeliAen

K

paccrlorpeHllrc

^MexaHuqecKoro

/ ' '- D I-aa -.^<^

ooopyA0caHlllt.

D JAatlnx]l

I

Jv

Jrruuur

u rlrra

Hy)r{Ho

I{rlerb

Bo3N{O)KHOCTb

OTKJIIOqUTI

ryp6u-

Hy

or

Bepxllefo

6leQa

nocpeAcrBol\{

orycl(aHllr

3arBopoB.

Taxxe

seobxoAltuo

I4luerb

Bo3rIo)K-

rrocrb

orKiiIoqLITb

or

HI'I)KHero

6leQa

orcacbl-

Baloqne

rpy6sr

ryp6un.

3ro

npnxoAl.{rcfl

oc-v-

UIecTB,lffTb

c

IIer'lbIO

OclIOTpa

I4

pel\IoHTa '

A:tn

3aKpbIrIIr

orcacblBalouleil

rpy6u

rrpIlMeHniorcr

KaK

IIraHJopbt,

TaI( II

3arBopbI.

I( npo.l.o.ltxl{Te,'Ib-

HOCrH

onycKallllf

3arBopoB

llJIt'I ruaH.{Op

OCO6UX

rpe6onaHllft

He

rlpeAbflBJlsercr-,[lnn

uoplra.ll-

Hofi

axcn"ryaraqttrr

seo6xoAlll'to

IIMerb

KoMII"'leI(-

TbI

rrlaH.IOp

I{JIIr

3aTBOpOB

JIliIIrb

Ha

oAplH-.I.Ba

arperara.

B

xa'{ecrse

noAbeMHbIX

MexaHll3ilIoB

ynorpe6.rlrcTcfl

Karyql'le

J-Ie6eAKlI

HJIII

l]epeABIl]K-

C

qe,'Ilrc

onopox(Heut1fl

cnrpalrbHoft

KaMepbl

v

orcacunarcueft

rpy6u

npeAycMarpHBaerctl

cneulranbHafl

cucreMa

rpy6

n Hacocol

A;tr

cJIHBa

H orKaqKH

BoAbI

B Huxnufi

6leQ-

3anoJlHeHue

raKxe

anapuftHoe

ocBelqeHHe

3EaHHfl'

I9u'

Eecnepe6oftgoe

csa6xenue

nocrotlHHblI\{

roKoM

o6ecnerrr4saercq

raKtKe

oT

AByx

He3aBIicrIMbIX

HCTOqHLIKOB:

or

Morop-reHepaTopa

H

OT

aKKyMy-

r97

Ed+^^tr^* K^*--*_-- n_

r^^.

----r-"-

u

rAqr.rrrr

I

irL

.lo"'txHO obITb

BbtIeJteilo

cneqrra"rlbHoe

norre_

B sAarrrrrr

f3C

lrr.lu

pflAolr

c

ulrrrr)

Aor,rx{eH

pa3lueqarbcff

nyJrbr

ynpaBJreHHfl,

a

raK-

xe

pHA

ttoNrerrreH

nft

cnyxe6Horo

Ha3_

H

a

q

e H

H

q:

t{acrepcKrre,

;la6oparoputr,

KoMHarbI

cacrema

rpy6

c aoAosa6oporrl

u

erl.lmpauu

,4o,r)KHa

o6ecneqHrs

TexHItqecKoe

BorrocHa6x{p_

Anq

paOorbr

3Kcn.nyarallHoHHoro

ilepcoHajra

It

T.

-t1.

Beclua

Heo6xoarrMbrMr.t

ffBJlrrorcg

nDrl6onrr

KoHTpo.nbHo-rrsr'reprlre,lruoft

annapaiypu,

noia-

3aHrrf

KoTopbtx

[o3BO.TrffrOT

HMeTb

TOqHoe

npe.q,.

craB.relrrre

o

pa6ore

fOC:

floxasare.qa

vDoBHg

B

Bep.\rreM

rr Hrr)KHeM

6le$ax,

noxasare"trri pac-

B

s.'talrrrrr

f3C

ao.nxuo

6srrr

npe.qycMorpeHo

pa3NrerqeHfie

KOHTpOJIbHbrx

rpy3oB

lr.ryrd

cneurlaJb_

HbIX

.llrlllIaMOt\teT,pO,B

.1.1q

ItCnbtTatiltg

MOCTOBbIX

KpaHoB.

06uqso

oHlr pacnoJrararcrcr

rroA

r\{oH-

raxtroir

nloula.rlxofi

.

B neplror't

sKcnJtyaraurlu

HaAo

rrporr3BoArrrb

neprro.'{rrqecr<),rc

npoBepKy

MocroBbrx

r{paHoB

nyTeI\r

ilo;rt,TieNla

KpaHoM

KoHrpo.nbHbr.x

rpy3oB.

B

s.'larrrur

rrrapo3neKrpocraHqrrrr

3aK.ranbrBa-

eTcs

rrecHo;trbrio

cr.rcT€ll

rpy6onpoBoAoB:

Mac.{q_

uoro-xo:slicrBa,

clKarofo

Bo3Ayxa

It BoAbI.

.[{ac.'ro

no

rpy6onpoBoraM

no.qaercfl

rrq

c.re_

AyIOUIIx

Ue"lefi:,nr.rTaHr.rfi Mac.rroHarropHOft

ycra-

HoBKrr,

nlTaHrrs

cepBoltoropoe

ryp6lrH,

a

TaK;+(e

AJI'{

cr\ra3Kr.r

onopHbrx

r{

HailpaBJrquuHx

IO.l,_

IrtI{rIHtrKoB.

flonultg

3Toro

eu{e

I{Merorcf

xoggir_

CTBO

!t

cHcTe\{a

pa3Bola

lt3o.rrffrlrroHHofo

Nlac.[a.

Koropoe

no

cBotzM

cnoficreal\,l

orJlqaercrl

or

ct\Ia3oLIHoro

rr

ynor:pe6Jflerctr

ro,TbKo

l.rrfl

o;re6_

rporexHnqecxux

ny)Kn:

rpaucQopuaropbr,

Bbr-

K.TK)qATC"TIII

II

T.

Iq..

llll

p

xy,ra

qlr

fl

M

a cJr

a ocyu{ecrBJrrrercr

rrocpe-L-

crBor\{

r,racflqHbrx

sy6uarux

HacocoB.

Kporrre

roro,

xax

6u.no yKasaHo

Bbrrxe,

AJrr

[oAHrrnfl

feHepaTopa

Ha

TOpr\{o3Hbrx

KoJroAKax

TaK)Ke

rpe6yercr

MacJro

rron

BbrcoxnM

naBJreHr.reM.

'Cxaruft

Bo3Ayx

npaMeHflercfl

AJrfl

co3AaHrrq

.II,aB,reHrlfl

B

MacJroHanopHoM

6axe

cucreMbr

pery"ryHpoBauuz.

ryp6vtuu.

3ra

cr.rcreMa

pa6oraer

oT_

BO3.q,yurHbrx

KOMnpeccopoB, pa3BrrBarorrlHx

ug6uroquoe

/r,aBJreHHe

-

Ao

,S--40'rcecf

c,vz.

[o-

noJrHtrreJrbHo

B 3AaHHH

fOC

arrleercs

Hrr3KoHa_

nopHar

nHeBMaTHqecKafl

cHcTeMa

c

AaBJreHLretr

7

-B

rceclcuz,

[HTaeMafl

or Hr.r3KoHarropHoro

ItoMnpeccopa

HJrr.r

oT KOM[peCCOpa

BbrcoKoro

AaB,rreHufl

qepe3

peAyKrluoHHbrri

xlanaH.

Ora

cr'rcTe

Ma

Bbr[oJrHrreT

cJre.u,ytorrlHe

3anaqr.r

:

TopMo_

xelrile

feHepaTopa,

oTXaTHe BOAbr

r.r3

KaMepbl

pa6oueno

KoJreca

npH

nepeBoAe

arperara

B

pe_

xItM

cHHXpoHHoro

KoMnencaropa (c

qe.,rbro

yBe-

MacJra, qHpr{yJrrrpynulero

B

onopHoM

noArrflrHr{_

Ke;

BoAa

rpeoyercr

TaK)Ke

AJrfl

oxJraxAeHHs

rpaucdoouaropoB

t.!

A.n-q

loxapuo*

ciic?€ivibi,

npoKr'raAblBaeuori

B

3,[aH

lrrt.

B

ulrxsefi

qacrtr

3AaHrrfl

ru,rlpoa,rreKTpocraH_

II,!{l!-

RO3BeAeHHC|-C

u4

b^-,^.-i

B

a H

r r,

H

e o

6 x

oA'

ru

o ;;;

";;'I;;j

rlj'il;T

.li

X ?-

xa.

Qlrnrrpaqr.ror{Hbrx BoI

n3

ApeHa}KHbrx

fare-

pei.

8-2.

3AAHI,Ifl

FI,IAPO3JI

EKTPOCTAHIIH

H

PYCJIOBOI'O

THNA

_-^9-.111tto

pyc,rroBbrx

fDC,

KaK

rpaBu,,io,

Tpeo)'roT

]rcTaHoBKIr

cneqlla.rtbHoro

MexaHI{qec_

Koro

o6opy4onaulrn

n

croeii

noAorrpueprrroli

IIACTIT.

P

e

ru

e r r{

rr

pa3rrerqa}orcfl

o6lrqno

rreDBbrMtr

co

croponbr

Bepxr{efo

6teQa;

I.ra3HarreHHeM

Jrx

rBJiflercr

rreAorryurerrrre

IIonaAaHIIfl

n

ryp6rrny

nlraBarourr{x

re"ry.

peruerKa

npeAcraB.rrfler

co6oli

]:i_6"p

crepxHefi,

paccraBJrerrHbrx

na

oilpeAeJrerr_

rJoM

pac_cToflHttu,

Ha3brBaerroM

fipocBeTorr

pe_

IUerKrr.

t{eu

6o"tltrue

AnaMerp

pa6overo

Ko,rreca

ryp6rrlrlr,

rena

6o,nlrue

n,roxer-

6url

flpocBer

peruerr{r.t.

llpaxrnvecxrr

ero

BeJrHquHa

xo,re6.rier_

cfl

or

3

Ao

15

c.ltt

tr

.q,axie 6ollure.

r{ro6sr

crepxHrr

peuerr{rr

srrnrori

He

o6n,Iepsalrr,

oHa

,il.o,!)KHa 6ltrt

paeuetrleHa

ue.'rlrKoM

Hr.r)Ke ypoBHf

BOAbr,

BbtrrJe

peIUeTKII

YCTar{aB,TUBaeTcq

Tar(

i1.:'":-"^yia, -

sa6pa.rsrraa

creHKa

(puc.

B_3).

ll,[fl HopMaJrbHoli

pa6oru

npocneru

N{exAy

creplKHrMr.r

ronxHu

6srrl

qHcrbrMrz;

B

[porrrB_

HoM

cryqae

Ha

peruerKe

o6pa:yerca

neperraA

,IIaBJIet{Itfl,

Vr\reHbrrranrlnri

Hanop

n nupa-6Orxy

f3c.

O'.iacrxa

petrreror(

npor.rsBoAHTcq

rH6o

cne_

uuantnorl.copooqacrr.trentsofi

uaruuuoft,

nepe-

.u,slrrarcueficq

BAo.rrb

Bcefo

BoAorrpHeMHofo

SpoHra

saauzr

tOC

(puc.

g_Z),

-ii|;o

rpeft_

QepHuu

3axBaroM

flopra,TbHofo'

nepeABHX{Horo

KpaHa

(pnc.

8-3).

3a

peruerxauu

(no

HanpaBJreHHn

ABHxeHrzfl

eo4u)

ycraHaBJrHBalorcq

3arBophr,

c,rroMolr{bro

KoTopbrx

BxoAHoe

cegeHue

Moll(er

6urr

no.n_

HOCrbrc

[epeKpbrTo

Arq

onopox(HeHHfl

A

OCMOTpa

rro"rrocrrr

ryp6uuu.

flnn

yueutueHr4fl

rrpoJreTa

3ATBOPOB

BO

BXOAHOM

CCI{CHI{I{

qACTO

BOSBOIflTCff

6ltqxll.

Kaxaufi

arperar

o6H.lHo

""i6*r"ra"

craruloHapHbrM

KoMrrJreKToM

3arBopoB.

B

p"aa

Plc.

8-3. flonqpe,lnaIfi

pa3pe3

Iro 3AaHHIo

I{nlr"raucxoli

l3C

Xors

BepofTHocrb

3TOIO

BeCbMa

IvlaJIa-,

TeM He

MeHee

B IIpaKrI:lKe

3KCrI.'lyaraUuII

f3C TaKHe

cflyqall

HMeJIH

l\{ecro.

fuAporeueparopbl

Moryr

BbrAeplKarb

yBerHrIeHHyIO

IpOTIIB

UOpua,rluoft

qacrory

BparIIeHHfi

BnJIOTb

AO

pa3.roHHOft

lUrUl

B

reqeHue

KoporKoro

rpeuexll

(2-3

uuu\-

l.'a6

trcum uttnotd

/,.,?A //CgOPMAmOP

id5/t/0/220na

24n

14.75

Eor0odor

ad

OP!-220nd

Manc.

l/16

/{adcnonoil

3mQAlt

Saapazt?cnue

m0opo/,7

t.1

E:-t

{i

"I

I

na

p.

Aoue.

cr

<6u'crpoIIaAaIou{HI\1It>.

Bpeun

3aKpbITI'Ifl

Typ-

6lrHrI

etLIN{I{

3arBopaMIl

AoJI}KHo

H3Mepxrbcq

.IITIIIb HCCKOJIbKHMH

I\{HHVTAI\{H.

Ans

o6gty>tlBaHwfl,

3arBoPoB

IIDHMEHCHbI

KAK

IlHI,HBI,IAYAJ'IbHbIC

sire

noATeMHHKH

(puc.

8-3),

raK

r

FeiFf.r,"ttJ

Jazli

r

i!".c

!fLCt11;:z!

Ei-

lll

o'tV O,f

::. ;\

i

r.s.>

,---

-"

".'s-9,65

uoryr 6uru

crauaoHap-

H KO3JIOBbIC

JIHIIeHHfl

B cera

cos

p)

;

ynpaBJreHfie

3JreKrDoanl

cJ'IyqaeB

Ha

3aTBOpbr

Bo3,rlafaeTcfl

TaKXe

3allaqa

ParypoH:

raIIIeHHe

AyrH

B BOSAyrrrHbIx

BbrKJrOqa-

Tentx;

o6AysaHae

3arBopoB

srzvoft

nJq

rpeAo-

xpaneHnq

rla3oB

or

o6.teAenenng,

a

raK)Ke

rrpHBOA

MexaHH3MOB

B

MacrepcKHx.

afperaroB.

B

S

B-7

6uno

n6xaru"b,

o"o pa3roH_

HAfl

rracToTa

BpalleHr{,

MO)KeT

r{MeTb

MecTo

JrHrrrb'IIpH

COB[aAeHtr[

AByx

aBapHfi:

n

snexrpu-

qecxoft

cerr

H

B Mac.noflpoBoAe-_cepBoMorope.

anapuft

Heo6xoAlzMo

6ucrpo'IIpeKparurb Aocryr

BOAbI

B

ryp6HHy

orIycKaHI'IeM

3aTBOpoB'

KOTOpbIe

.I[.II'I

3TOFO

AOJI}KHbI

ITMCTb

COOTBETCTBYIOqCE

o6opyAoBaHue.

TaKoro

poAa 3arBopbl

Ha3bIBalor-

\f__-'

-

-'-

-

'-

pa

noJlocrH

Typ6HHbI

Heo6xoAHMo

l{Merb

raKx{e

BO3MO)KHOCTb

3aKpbITb

BbIXOAHOe

CerIeHHe

oTca-:

cusaloqefi

rpy6sr.

Tax

rax

peBI43I'Ir

[asoB

pa-

6oqero

3arBopa

npoH3BOA,HrCfi

y

arperaroB

no'

le8

199

tr{auua

ltc

oeucntu

pcupmox

npoesxut

Uudopaori

naa

6b/yxu,

tu-UxuAuu.:

ott

Depe4Uyru

2.2On8

//O&,

iipaH

alQhdop

i

ii

i

Jl

illr-d,l ffiirT

i-i#JlU;#"iFH#j'r4F+=

:

-|tra-;++'ti44?o4q

pxc

64 Boroc.,Hssoe

Jran,e,-3c

xcI6.Ea

p

pen'e

(opaHux,)

f

%?,?"?il-F\jll

I i|1[ lJF#ffiI: ilLl l.#jl 1]

g;".

3afpa.

L/-!2t/OO|t

E41,{,lN

oqepeAHo

Her Heo6xo:n$ocrn

l'erb xorlnrle*ru

Ha

6eroHHoi

Boloc.r'BHoi

n,rorxHLr.

B 6orb- | ,,1:;,y;"f:*;#4

it

lfu

::ffi#tU.E

i

uqcPeAdU'HeTHeooxoA]Ill0cTllgveTb(oVnr1eKTBIHa6eioHHoiBoAocJuBHof''::o1'-Y:.-B.99!:-|ai:"j'y"f,tr;;1]ii|lT'|-TF"*==+*-.::y|.L1gg!5d;;t;;

peMoHrnbrx

3arpax.qeHH;

Ane

scex

ar

Ilpn

'rucne

rvpoxn

or

',erbrpex

ro

,"";;T;ii",i;

.11X;n"T,,f,';"

"li:,L'f":,1t"

'"ll*l;lli;;

|

"

lll lTll. :-Jlt 1 ; I 1g,,ffi-#"F7-@);,fff{ao

f::lff";1?,':n':1.o,^f1Ti'^11-:',:1:1,

j,1"

.u-

"o"'

io*p,uri;;"

;;;;;ia;;;;ft

;;;;"#";;

fTaa penotn

MorrrHocrbro

22o Mer

'

c HarropoM

16,5

.r. Ee

;;;;;,;{;;;;

_;';'T;;;:i;?

oi1'"Jii-tiil

,,

j1.,,

.

";f!r;#i;irr{,,

3.q,aHl{e

6u,to

cxoHcrpy'poBalro

raK,

qTo

no

c[e-

S

B_3).

-"''uru'

L

D

UAU

uulr

uuu

l\'1

(crl'

.

il.

rlrianbHoMy

BOIOBOIy,

DponoxeHsoMv

;:Hlff:j.I:.:y*#*il"y"1T,ll]iTl-""EiJ"."1"1?fflTff#"$J"";"H^I*:1Y,h3Ji::-l|\.:.,ffi

::*y::1"::y.:i*'"iI'taJril&

nep-

raKxe

rcxo'

ri3

6o,rb'er

#,i1"J1,"#li"Xl;-;"1

|

i

\,€

--i+,

atrft!*'-

-

_-:':";:*=!l

iih:iillil:i:*r..#"*'"f*","J"":.?,"$'"ff'f,:

:",J#,,,";rfi:#:'"""',Txxtrrixi"J;J"T

|

","

,." n****:o**,.

**.'?3*;';*;;;"*

-*fl*-*;;:

BoicTyneH6rorri6o,rlur6u3r'rusaccx,IJr,[cHbUeucTelIe'

-.- -

oy

"y{o_

Hrr y,(oBr'rerBopeHu,

rpe6oBaHr.ti,

cBr3aHH6rx

I ^

"

- _

BaeTc'qepeBoAoc6poc,nMeroquic'a.:AaxxrrB*.*";;;;;-.;;;;;";;i;".;fii;;#li#"1"#;"?;;f;?';--#6i'""";p";:;;'#;#

rtlpociaHqIlfi

B 6roxe

sroi

xe rvDdrsr

Bnanr,H€'IreMaralva-,";^.i.;,"^J;''.^."Ht,tMg-Tpe6oaaH!,l'Mlt:-Ml!eH6ue|a6aPfTHB'[anbHef!IeM3Tacxeuac6oo'c.a".Y::|.::ii-vii"e']""i"ili]i1'iJ"nT'-"i''"."""1.""'iT"|i]'Tlff1'#Hi'#:n.#i,##JH:f;;;ir;l;::;;

saaHxe

IOC

6sr,ra

nepesecena

na o

j-3c,

3, .q- ."",.--'#1":::

3aaune'

reM

c6pocanaBoAKoBMoxeT6hITr,coxPaueHa;'.;;'a;;';"#;;#,;,;;i#i3t^:.;;ii',;,ifi:ji:H'xixi:T"T'i;T:'-Tfi'Jf;T"'f'1#:#I::fJ;ll,i'

paccMorPeHli

x B

pagyMHot

Mepe

ynoBnerBopeHLl

4

cs

D TeqeHre oKoro 2 utL Iloxt eK KaxroI

Dy6aM

B

<{or(pyrc,

ravlepero! no

Koropof caMo-

f3c!cccPsfDBE.6tr,-""*"""":*::3T3A'ldfMIuecrB'yAopoxatorqnxcTollMocTl,.iseAeIrpag,4e;rrro.Aago6ecneqerrq

.Hole0Er

lreu

;.*;ttp,;;;A;-";;;;;'-

i;;;

"raccMorpBM^Hecxonb

n4poy6afoBokt._.IrApc4oxTtJld!o,!ii,""ifiilln,F&'if;i.'5$""":;f::i:iix1i's"g;'?'*:*".#;fl:-fiTfH:,1xff"'f"Tsf

200

201

Ko3notoi

xrax

|ff.8-9:..l1aHne

KpeveHvyrcxorl

I-3C

Ha

p.

.{Henpe

(r

JL

<orKpbrroro

tuna>).

€

-

nonepecHsrf,

paepes;

6

_

Bnr,

c apanoro

6eDera.

pasHocrH

AaBJreHHft.

,floarovy

coKparrleHr{e

$rnrrpaqnH

qepes

ynJrorHeHHr

sarBopa

ilpoHc-

xoAHT

fioc,re

Toro,

KaK

B rroJrocrrr

xor;

6sr

HecKo.rrbKo

noHHx(eH

ypoBeHb

BOAbr.

B

o6uqHoft

cr.rcreMe

oTKaqKr.I

BO.IIbr

B nepBoe

BpeMfl

[ocJle

onycKaHIZrr

3aTBOpa

Heo6xoAHMa

HHTeHCHBHas

pa6ora

HacocoB.

Ecna

sacocbr

He

HMeroT

3anaca

npolr3BoAHTeJrbHocTr,r,

ro neprufi

3Tarr

oTKarJKr.I

AJTHTCfl

OqeHb

.4,OJrro.

Crpeu.neuue

yAerueBr.rrb

sranze

f3C

u

yMe,Hb_

ITIHTb

o6tev pa6or

rto

rHeMy

npuBoAur

K

KoMnoHoBKe

noJryorKpbrrofo

3AaHHq.

Taxyro

KoMnoHoBKy

HMeer

.3_I_aHrle

loplxoncxorl

fOC.

_+

afpeFaroB

r.r

[leJrKHe

peBu3HH

H

peMOHTHbre

pa6o_

f&l' JIe Tp

sCyloullre

4euogri)r€

porop€

Fer+€par+-

pa

rr"'rrr

paooqero

Ko,reca

ryp6lrnu.

B

loHllxen-

HOM

MaIIII{HHOM

3aJIe

ITMeIOTCfi

ABa

BCItOMOfa_

TeJIbHbIX

MOCTOBbIX

Kpana

rp\.3onoAbeMHoCTbIO

no

50

r.

Cnepxy

MarrrrrHHofo

saJra

BAoJrb

Bcero

Q N AUIId

uAqrrrUr

rrLpLryrcu{dc

I

L}l

ucHUuHutl

Ko3JIoBoH

KpaH

rpy3orroAbeMHocrbro

500

r,

Koropbrju

npoHsBonrrrcrr

MoHTax(

r{

IeruoHTax{

pa6orrero

-r(orT€cz

ryp5r.ruu

HJtr{ poropa

reHepardpa.

Ens

sroro

npenBaprrreJrbtro

noJr)KHa 6urr

cHrra

KpbrrIIKa

HaA

.U,eMoHrrrpyeriibi[{

arperaroM.

Kos-

"rlosofi

Kparr

BoAofiplrelruoli

qacrr{

o6c.tyxueaer

TaKlKe

6eronrrl'lo

BoAoc"rlBHjilo

nJ,iornrrj,.,

c Koro_

porl^llueercn

o6ullrrt pe,rtcontrfr

nyrs.

SxoHoN,llr,iHocrt

eroii

xoHcrpyxqun

saK,rloqa_

eTcff

B

TOl\1,

qro

BMeCTO

AByX

npoAo,TbHblx

cTeH

r.r Bepxrrefo

nepeKpbrrrrfl

g'alH:|-fl,

r.rMeroTcfl

J\r4[Jb

ABe

[poAO.II)IJbIe

paI{bI,

I]o KoropbrM

nepeMeula-

AT^O Vn.rr

{pyroii

oco6essocrbr.o

3Aanrrrr

fOC

qnrsercq

pa3MerleHrre

6ucrponaAaroulefo

3arBopa

Arq

npeAorBparueHrrq

pa3rorra

afpefara

B

oTCaCbrBa_

rculeft

rp1'6e,

a rre

na

B_\ore

B

crlrpar,rbHyro

Kar\{epy,

r{ro

sHaqHTe"rrbHo

ynpoqaeT

BoAOlprrelI_

r{}/rc

qacrb.

Eucrponag.arcu{rrrl

3arBop

yrrpaBJrr_

eTcq

frrApono.q.T,er\{HnKolr.

Iloc.re,lunri

npe4cra

s_

,'rrer

co6orl

urrJllHr.p,

B

KoropoM

Mac,,ro

rroJ,

AaB"rreHrie}l_lepeAsHraeT

B

Ty rr.-rH

Hr{yrc

cTopoHy

nopuer{b.

llJror

[opruHq

coe,4rrner{

c 3arBopot\r.

Heo6xo.4llrrro,

oAHar{o,

orr\,rerrrrb,

qro

6trcipoe

3aKpbrrr.re

orcacbrBaroueri

rpy6u Bbr3brBaeT

s

Heft

no.'roxrrrentulrrll

rrrApae.rnrqecxrrft

yAap,

B

pe_

3yIbTaTe

KOTOpOTO

noffBIqeTcf

cocTaBJrflIOUIag.

cTpet\,tflu1affcfl

nprrn6Arrarl

pa6ovee

Ko"rrec6

Typ_

orrHbr

Il porop

reHeparopa

BBepx.

AaJrbueluee

yAerueBJreHrre

31aHvrfl.

fOC

Moxer

6url

4ocrarHyro

3a

cqer

no,rHofo

orKa3a

oT

3aKpblToro

MaIITHHHOTO

3a.1a, T.

e.

3a

cqeT

npHMeHeHHq

raK

Ha3bIBaeMofo

3EaHHfl

f3C

o-rl(pbrroto

'tura,

KaK

3TO

OCyUIeCTBJIeHO

Ha

Kpeuenuyrcxoft

f3C

Ha

l.

[Henpe.

(trIyrqeHa

Ha

,rroJrHyro

MorrlHocrb

s

1960

r.

Hanop

lZ u,

MorrlHocrb

ryp6uuu

52 Mer,

qucrro

ryp6ilu

l2).

Ha

Kpeuesvyrcxoft fOC

uaurunsorb

3a,rra

He

HMeeTCq:

reHepaTopbl

HaKpblrbr

cT,eMHbrMH

KPbIIIIKAMH,

NOCTABJICHHbIMH

3ABOAOM

BMCCTE

c

feHeparopaun

(puc.

8-6).

MoHra)K

HIH

AeMoH-

Ta)K

arperaroB

ocyuecTBJrffeTcfl

KO3JTOBbTM

KpaHoM

rpy3o[oAbeMHocrbro

b00

r

[pr{

cHrrbrx.

xpbrrrKax.

5eg

cuqrnq

KpbrrrreK

Bo3Mo)KHo

[poas_

BoAHTb

roJrbKo

MeJIKT{e

MoHTa)I(HbIe

pa6oTbr:

fna6we npan-

topoovucmumenatan

tauuEa

Stoduat

ulaama

i cnuoamtxtnnn,

Pac.

8-7.

flonepeuulrii

pa3pe3

no s:airrrrc

I-3C

Ko3"rroBbril{

xpaHolr

Ha

]\{ecro

MoHTa)Ka.

feHepa_

TOp

L,'Ifl

yMeHblxeH,Ht

BbICOTbI

3,4aI{nf

IIpITHflT

soHrnqr{brM

c

onoport

Ha KpbrrxKe

ryp6irHlt;

ox-

.rralKAerure

reneparopa

-

3aMr(r.lyroe.

OcHoeaHll_

eN{

3Aar{ns

frlApo3,'rer{rpocTaHqH}r

c,ryyx(HT fpa-

nlrr.

Bc.rerlcrBue

3Haqtrre,rrbHoro

xoaSerrulrenra

Tpeurrr

no

cKaJre

He

rpe6ona"'locb

yrffxeJIeHIIR

Beca

3AaHrrq.

3AaHr.le

KperueHuyrcxor? f3C

,ttpe.q-

craB.rrffer

co6orl

nprJ\Iep paqrroHaJrbHoft

l.r exoHo-

turr,{

Hoit r(oMnoHoBKII.

Ia,rurefiruee

pasBHrHe

o6lerqeHlls

xoHcr-

Py_Kur'IrI

3AaHHfl

l3C

rrloxno

Br{Aerb

Ha

flpulrepe

f3C _3yu6g-EpayHay

Ha

p.

I,'IHH

s Ancrplv

(pnc.

8-7).

fl,anHan

f3C uueer

pacr{erHbrri

Ha-

nop

I I tu,

ycrauoBJreHnyro

MorlHo'crb

B

qerbrpex

arperarax

97

Mer

r{

BBeAeHa

B

3KcrrJryarautrrc

s 1954

r.

Xapaxrepnoft

oco6eHHocrbro

3Toro

3l..aHntr

rBrflercrr

MHHHMaJrbHuft

o6reu

crpoure.tlHoft

qacTH:

3TO

CBfl3aHO,

TTOMHMO

OCO6eUHOCreft

XOU-

noHoBKA

3EaHWfr,,

TaKXe H C

pacrIoJIolKeHI4eM

CO_

opyxeHr.rri

Ha

cKa,rrbHoM

ocHoBaHHH.

C rle",rbro

yMeHb[reHuq

o6teMa

pa6or

rro

3.IIaHHro

noBbrcH-

re"rrbHbre

rpauc$opuaropbr

10,5/l

l0

rca ycraHoB-

JIeHbr

Ha npaBoM

6epery:

K HHM

ToK

iloAaercrr

Ha reHeparopHol\I

Hanprx(eHna

10,5 rc6

no Ka-

6ellHofi

raJrepee.

Arperaru

3aKpbrrbr

cilerlHa.-rb-

HbIMlr

r{eTblpexyroJlbHbrMtr

Kpb[IIKaMH,

nepeABH-

}ATIIIHMHCf

,TIO

PCJIbCOBI,IM

NYT'M.

KAXIIAN

efsoe

noHet4eHue

t

gpDuilHo€

IOHet4erue

3(

narc.yttt,

v.;,!f Yl/b

3rrrr6ar-6paynay

Ha

p-

I{Hx

(-\rcrpnn).

Hyro repr{eTflrtHocTb

saKpbrTr4fl

oTBepcTr.rf

FraA

arperaroM.

Mosraxsafl

rr.roqaAKa

pac[oJroxeHa

c npanoft

cropoHbr

3AaHrrfl

fOC na

orMerKax

afperaroB

rr

raKX(e

csa6xeua

pas4enxuoft

xprrUrroir.

[.rn

yueHuueHrrq

Bbrcorbr

3AaHHrr

nprr\reHeu

reHepaTop

3oHrrrquoro

Trrla c

onopori

ua

Kpbrrrrr{y

ryp6rrnu.

O5clyxrrnaHrre

arperaroB

npor.t3BoAtrrcfl

rr3

ryp6rrunoro

no[reuler]rrfl,

rAe

pacnorararcTcrr

N{ac.-IoHanopHaf ycTaHoBKa,

r{O"rroHKa

pefy",rflTo-

pa,

a rar{xe

Il3 c,ryxe6Horo

noMetrleHI{f

,

B

KOTOpOM

paCnOJro)KeHo

pacflpeAeJrHTeJIbHoe

ycrpoficrno

co6crBeHHbrx

Hyx(A.

Or 6srcrponar-atou\ux

3arBopoB

B

rle.,[-rrx-

MaK-

cr.rMa.'rbHoro

coKpauleHHf

3arpaT oTKaSa.rrHcb.

B soAonpuer{Hofi

r{acrH

3AaHr,rq

ocraBJreHbr

ToJrb-

Ko

perxerKu

n

uMeercff

BeprnKaJrbHbrrl

na3 pe-

MOHTHOIO

3afpalKAeHHrr,

B XOropuft Ko3JrOBbrM

KpaHoM

BcraBrqrorcr

rrraHAopbr.

I(ponae

roro,

B

C.{yqae ueo6xoArauocrrr

cfle[r{aJrbHbre rrraHAo-

pbI

ruoryr

6urr

oflyilIeHbr

Ko3JroBbrM

KpaHoM

rro HaKJroHHorl

nrocKocrrr perxeroK.

Ans

oqHcrKH

perueToK

HMeeTcf

CIIeqIIa"rtbHat

copoor{HcTHTeJIb-

Haq

iuailrHHa,

nepeABHraroulaflcq

no

peJrbcoBoMy

nyrlr.

PeuoHrgoe

3arpax(LeHHe

HHxHefo

6leQa,

cocToflrrlee

tr3 rrraHAop,

onycKaeTcfl Ko3JroBbrM

KpaHoM

rro HaKd'roHHbrM

rpaHflM

6rrvxon, 6es

na-

3OB; rrraHAOpHbre

Sarpax(IeHHr,

npHMeHeHHbre

i;fparu.no

rtmc.coi'

t;)9(,ta/omct

P^acverHuft

Hanop

lD,2 .u;

uoqHocri

-

ryp6nHu

Dg MBT'-

nocrenHcc rvn6lz.lrq

ppatrAuo

b 5r.^drr16

raIIHro

s

Aexa6pe

l9b6

r. (pnc.

g_S).

3aelr,

Kpbrrofi,

Ho c pas6opuoft

xpon.nefi.

3aMeHa

rroJrrocoB

poTopa,

crepxHeft

H

O6MOTKTT

craropa,

peMoHr

Bo3.4yxooxJraAure"teri

H

peBa3lcfl

cerMeHroB

ouopuoft

nsru.

Mourax{Haq

n.nouaa_

y3nbl

rnApoarperara

Ha

uonrax<Hoft

nJrorrraAKe

nepeMerqarcTcfl

MOCTOBbTM

KpaHoM

rpy3onoA.beM_

Hocrbro

30,5 r.

Vxpynnennbre

y3Jrbr

Bbrruocqrcfl

Ilpbrrulla

cec'r'urlT

n3

AByx

rIacTeH,

KoTopble

MofyT

6nrr

pas4nuHyrbr

c

ueJrbro

ocno6oxreirrfl

orBep-

crHfl HaA

arperaroM.

Mosrax

H

AeMoHTax(

a-rperaToB

npoH3BOArrTCf

KO3JTOBbTM

KpaHoru.

Xopouafl

npuroHKa

r(pbrrrreK

o6ecnequnaer

no.'I-

3AeCb,

r{MeroT

<<6ecnasoByro>)

KoHcr,pvKrIHro.

Heo6-

xoAH\Io

orMerr.rrb,

rITo

npti

AauHoir

KoMrIoHoBKe

3.II.aHHfl

yCJTOBHfl

3KcrrJryaraqr.rlt

B H3BecTuoft

uepe

CTCCHCHbI.

,[,,rr

ua.nsrx

HanopoB

(nopr4xa

10_12

n)

coBeTcKaf rHApoTexHHKa

norrrJla no rrHoMy

rry-

203

noMI{Mo

orxpurofi

BoAo[pHeMHoft

'{acrn,

HMeercfl

noHH)KeHHbIft

npornr

HopMaJrbHofo

nrarunsHufi

3a,rl.

b

HeM

ocylllecrBnflK)Tcfi

gKcrrnyaTarIHR

Денисов И.П. Основы использования водной энергии

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.