Coondoo I. (ed.) Ferroelectrics
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FERROELECTRICS
Edited by Indrani Coondoo
Ferroelectrics
Edited by Indrani Coondoo
Published by InTech
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Copyright © 2010 InTech
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Part 1
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Preface IX
Ferroelectrics and Its Application: Bulk and Thin Films 1
Principle Operation of 3–D Memory Device
based on Piezoacousto Properties of Ferroelectric Films 3
Ju. H. Krieger
Ferroelectric and Multiferroic Tunnel Junctions 17
Tianyi Cai, Sheng Ju, Jian Wang and Zhen-Ya Li
Photoluminescence in Low-dimensional
Oxide Ferroelectric Materials 43
Dinghua Bao
Optical Properties and Electronic Band
Structures of Perovskite-Type Ferroelectric
and Conductive Metallic Oxide Films 63
Zhigao Hu, Yawei Li, Wenwu Li, Jiajun Zhu,
Min Zhu, Ziqiang Zhu and Junhao Chu
Epitaxial SrRuO
3
Thin Films Deposited
on SrO buffered-Si(001) Substrates
for Ferroelectric Pb(Zr
0.2
Ti
0.8
)O
3
Thin Films 89
Soon-Gil Yoon
Electrocaloric Effect (ECE) in Ferroelectric Polymer Films 99
S. G. Lu, B. Rožič, Z. Kutnjak and Q. M. Zhang
Study on Substitution Effect
of Bi
4
Ti
3
O
12
Ferroelectric Thin Films 119
Jianjun Li, Ping Li and Jun Yu
Uniaxially Aligned Poly(p-phenylene vinylene)
and Carbon Nanofiber Yarns through
Electrospinning of a Precursor 139
Hidenori Okuzaki and Hu Yan
Contents
Contents
VI
Applications of Carbon Materials
for Ferroelectric and Related Materials 155
Young-Seak Lee, Euigyung Jeong and Ji Sun Im
Dielectric Relaxation Phenomenon
in Ferroelectric Perovskite-related Structures 165
A. Peláiz-Barranco and J. D. S. Guerra
The Ferroelectric-Ferromagnetic Composite
Ceramics with High Permittivity
and High Permeability in Hyper-Frequency 187
Yang Bai
Aging-Induced, Defect-Mediated Double
Ferroelectric Hysteresis Loops and Large
Recoverable Electrostrain Curves in Mn-Doped
Orthorhombic KNbO
3
-Based Lead-Free Ceramics 207
Siu Wing Or
Effects of B-site Donor and Acceptor Doping
in Pb-free (Bi
0.5
Na
0.5
)TiO
3
Ceramics 217
Yeon Soo Sung and Myong Ho Kim
Enhanced Dielectric and Ferroelectric Properties of Donor
(W
6
+
, Eu
3
+
) Substituted SBT Ferroelectric Ceramics 231
Indrani Coondoo and Neeraj Panwar
Ferroelectrics and Its Applications:
A Theoretical Approach 251
Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics
of Ferroelectric Phase Transitions 253
Shu-Tao Ai
Theories and Methods of First Order
Ferroelectric Phase Transitions 275
C L Wang
Electroacoustic Waves in a Ferroelectric Crystal
with of a Moving System of Domain Walls 301
Vilkov E.A. and Maryshev S.N.
Ferroelectric Optics: Optical Bistability
in Nonlinear Kerr Ferroelectric Materials 335
Abdel-Baset M. A. Ibrahim, Mohd Kamil Abd Rahman,
and Junaidah Osman
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Part 2
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Contents
VII
Nonlinear Conversion Enhancement for
Efficient Piezoelectric Electrical Generators 357
Daniel Guyomar and Mickaël Lallart
Quantum Chemical Investigations of Structural Parameters
of PVDF-based Organic Ferroelectric Materials 381
A. Cuán, E. Ortiz, L. Noreña, C. M. Cortés-Romero, and Q. Wang
An Exact Impedance Control
of DC Motors Using Casimir Function 399
Satoru Sakai
Stabilization of Networked Control Systems
with Input Saturation 405
Sung Hyun Kim and PooGyeon Park
Robust Sampled-Data Control Design of Uncertain
Fuzzy Systems with Discrete and Distributed Delays 417
Jun Yoneyama, Yuzu Uchida and Makoto Nishigaki
Numerical Solution of a System
of Polynomial Parametric form Fuzzy Linear Equations 433
Majid Amirfakhrian
Chapter 19
Chapter 20
Chapter 21
Chapter 22
Chapter 23
Chapter 24
Pref ac e
This book reviews a wide range of diverse topics related to the phenomenon of fer-
roelectricity (in the bulk as well as thin fi lm form) and provides a forum for scientists,
engineers, and students working in this fi eld. It contains records of original research
that provide or lead to fundamental principles in the science of ferroelectric materials.
The present book is a result of contributions of experts from international scientifi c
community working in diff erent aspects of ferroelectricity related to experimental and
theoretical work aimed at the understanding of ferroelectricity and their utilization in
devices. It provides an up-to-date insightful coverage to the synthesis, characteriza-
tion, functional properties and potential device applications in specialized areas. The
readers will perceive a trend analysis and examine recent developments in diff erent
fi elds of applications of ferroelectric materials. Based on the thematic topics, it contains
the following chapters:
Chapter 1 gives a detailed description of new operation principle of memory devices
based on piezoacousto properties of ferroelectric fi lms – the Acousto-FeRAM (AFeR-
AMs). It is based on the two physical properties of a ferroelectric fi lm (two-in-one), the
intrinsic memory phenomenon for information storage and piezoacousto property for
eff ective read-out info. It allows the design and implementation of 3-D memory devices
with universal characteristics of the inherent ferroelectric memory.
Chapter 2 deals with the studies on the tunneling eff ect and the magnetoelectric cou-
pling in ferroelectric-based junctions. This chapter suggests connecting conventional
electronics with spintronics at the nanoscale and several low-power approaches for
spin-based information control.
Chapter 3 reports the observance of photoluminescence in low-dimensional oxide fer-
roelectric materials in lanthanide-doped Bi
4
Ti
3
O
12
thin fi lms. Co-doping of rare earth
ions such as Eu/Gd, Pr/La, Er/Yb in bismuth titanate thin fi lms is found to be an eff ec-
tive way to improve photoluminescence and electrical properties of the thin fi lms.
Chapter 4 examines the optical properties and electronic band structures of perovskite-
type ferroelectric and conductive metallic oxide fi lms. Temperature infl uence on the
optical properties of the BLT fi lm prepared by chemical solution method on quartz
substrate has been studied by the transmi ance measurements. The Adachi’s model
X
Preface
has been employed to calculate the dielectric functions of high-quality LNO and LSCO
conductive oxide fi lms.
Chapter 5 reports on SrRuO
3
bo om electrodes grown with an epitaxial relationship
with SrO buff ered-Si(001) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The structural and
electrical properties of the SrRuO
3
fi lms have been studied with deposition param-
eters of SrRuO
3
on the optimized SrO buff er layered Si (001) substrates. 100nm thick-
Pb(Zr
0.2
Ti
0.8
)O
3
thin fi lms deposited at 575
o
C on SrRuO
3
/SrO/Si substrates showed a (00l)
preferred orientation and exhibited a 2P
r
of 40 μC/cm
2
and a E
c
of 100 kV/cm.
In Chapter 6 the experimental results on Electro Caloric Eff ect (ECE) in ferroelectric
polymer fi lms. The relaxor ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) terpolymer has been stud-
ied which reveal a very large ECE at ambient condition in the relaxor terpolymers.
Chapter 7 studies the subtitutional eff ect in Bi
4
Ti
3
O
12
ferroelectric thin fi lms. BIT, BLT,
BTV and BLTV thin fi lms were fabricated on the Pt/TiO
2
/SiO
2
/p-Si(100) substrates by
sol-gel processes. The BLTV thin fi lm shows the largest 2P
r
of 50.8 μC/cm
2
with small
2E
c
of 194 kV/cm among these fi lms. For the BLTV thin fi lm, the fatigue test showed the
strongest fatigue endurance up to 10
10
cycles with leakage current density in the order
of 10
-9
-10
-8
A/cm
2
.
Chapter 8 reports the successful fabrication of uniaxially aligned semiconducting,
conducting, and carbon nanofi ber yarns by electrospinning and subsequent thermal
conversion or carbonization of PXTC, which would open up a new fi eld of applications
in organic nanoelectronics.
Chapter 9 reports on the introduction of carbon materials where in the excellent elec-
trical properties of carbon materials enable them to assist the applications of ferroelec-
tric and related materials.
In Chapter 10, the dielectric relaxation phenomenon is discussed in ferroelectric per-
ovskite-related structures considering the relaxation mechanisms and the infl uence of
the vacancies on them.
Chapter 11 reports on the ferroelectric-ferromagnetic composite ceramics with high
permi ivity and high permeability in hyper-frequency. The co-fi red composite ceram-
ics of 0.8Pb(Ni
1/3
Nb
2/3
)O
3
-0.2PbTiO
3
/Ba
2
Zn
1.2
Cu
0.8
Fe
12
O
22
are discussed in this chapter,
which has excellent co-fi ring behavior, dense microstructure and good electromag-
netic properties.
Chapter 12 investigates the aging-induced double ferroelectric hysteresis (P–E) loops
and recoverable electrostrain (S–E) curves in an Mn-doped orthorhombic KNbO
3
-
based [K(Nb
0.90
Ta
0.10
)O
3
] lead-free ceramic: K[(Nb
0.90
Ta
0.10
)
0.99
Mn
0.01
]O
3
. Double P–E loops
and large recoverable S–E curves with amplitudes in excess of 0.13% at 5 kV/mm have
been observed in the aged samples over a wide temperature range of 25–140
o
C.