Carafano James Jay. Waltzing into the Cold War: The Struggle for Occupied Austria
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waltzing into the cold war
Joseph G. Dawson III, General Editor
Editorial Board
Robert Doughty
Brian Linn
Craig Symonds
Robert Wooster
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81
Waltzing
into the
Cold War
The Struggle for Occupied Austria
James Jay Carafano
Texas A&M University Press
College Station
Copyright © 2002 by James Jay Carafano
Manufactured in the United States of America
All rights reserved
First edition
The paper used in this book meets the minimum requirements of the American National
Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials,
Z
39.48–1984.
Binding materials have been chosen for durability.
o
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Carafano, James Jay, 1955–
Waltzing into the Cold War : the struggle for occupied Austria / James Jay Carafano.
p. cm. — (Texas A & M University military history series ; 81)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-58544-213-5 (cloth)
1. Austria—History—Allied occupation, 1945–1955. 2. United States—Military relations—
Austria. 3. Austria—Military relations—United States. I. Title. II. Series.
DB99.1 .C37 2002
943.605
⬘23—dc21
2002002842
For
Jo Ann Hoeppner Moran Cruz, Lois G. Schwoerer, and Diane Lee Schulz
—friends and heroes
Contents
List of Illustrations ix
Acknowledgments xi
Prologue: The Firing Stops at Midnight 3
1. The Disease and Unrest Formula 10
2. A Far Country 28
3. Shepherding Midnight’s Children 49
4. The Largest Single Industry 78
5. On-the-Job Training 95
6. From Occupiers to Warriors 118
7. The Southern Flank 134
8. Secrets 154
9. Arming Austria 173
Epilogue: Flawed Triumph 193
Notes 199
Bibliography 225
Index 245
Illustrations
Soldiers from the 103d Infantry Division 38
The last battle 39
Moving through Innsbruck 43
Brigadier General Lester Delong Flory 51
Karl Renner opens the Austrian assembly 55
Rebuilding Vienna 58
Clearing rubble to make way for a new building 59
Austrian man with a ration of bread 60
U.S. military police and Austrian officials coordinating a raid on the black
market 65
Military and Austrian police arresting black marketers 66
American, British, French, and Soviet military police patrol Vienna 93
Guarding USFA Headquarters 94
American military government officials receiving a complaint 97
Americans at the first meeting of the Allied Council 98
Lieutenant General Sir Richard McCreery 99
Lieutenant Generals Geoffrey Keyes and Albert Wedemeyer reviewing
troops from 350th Infantry Regiment 100
Troopers of the 4th Constabulary Regiment 104
Army Secretary Kenneth Royall meets with Austrian officials 110