Богаткин О.Г. Авиационная метеорология
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IIPЕДМЕTIIЬIи
Aвиaциoннaя
Метеopoлoгlul
Aвтollсиp
Aвтoмaтизaция
Метеopoлoг}fчeскoгo
oбеспе-
чения
пoлrтoв
Aтмoсфеpa
стaндapт}Iaя
Aэpoлoги.rескaя
.циaгpaмМa
Aэpoдрoм
Aэpoпopт
Безoпaснoсть
пoлeтoB
Бoлтaнкa
синoптические
yслoвия
Метo.цЬI
пpoгIroзa
нa aтмoсфеpных
фpoнтaх
opoгрaфинескaя
Bеpтикальный
paзpез aтмoсфеpьr
Beтеp
Bлияниr
IIa пoлетЬI
сДвиг
Bетpa
эквивалентньlй
Bзлgгнo-пoсадoчнaя
пoлoсa
Bидимость
Brpтик&чьI{aя
гopизoнтaJIьн:Ur
'нaкJloннaя
пoсa.цoчIlzUI
oценкa
Bидимoсти
нa
BПП
пoлеTтIaя
пpoгI{oз
BьIсoтa
aбсoлютнaя
бapoмещинескaя
веpхней
гpaницьr
pблaкoв
ниlкней
цpaницьI
oблaкoв
нyлевoй
и3oтфМьI
Гoлoлед
Гpaд
Гpaдиент
веpтикaпьньlй
гopизoнта.rrьньlй
Гpoзa
.{альнoсть
BидиMoсти
гopизoIIтaJIЬнajl
Мeтеopoлoгиrlескa,I
.цнеBнa,t
oгней
.(ефиuит
Trмпфaтypь]
тoчки
poсьI
.(oх<дь
.{ьlмкa
Измщениe
вьIсoтьI
oблaкoв
,ЦaJIьнoсти
BиДимoсти
IIaпpaBлeния
и скopoсти
Bетрa
Истoчники
Метropoлoгическoй
инфоpмaЦии
з20
УкAЗATЕЛЬ
Кapтьr
AкI1
нефaнaлизa
oсoбьIх
явлений
пoгoдьI
пpoгIioстичrские
Кoнвекция
Кoн,цeнсaция
Метель
Mетеopoлoги'rескaя
ин
фopмaция
истoчIIики
тoчнoсть
Метеopoлoгиuеские
yслoвиЯ пoЛrтoB
в oблaкax
в стpaтoсфеpe
нa aтмoсфеpньlx
фpoнтax
нa бoльrпиx
BЬIсoтax
нa мzUIЬIx
вьIсoтax
Meгeopoлoгиvескoе
oбеспечение
грaж.Цaнскoй
aBИaЦИ|I
МинимyмьI
пoго.цЬl
Мoлния
Mopoсь
Haгрев кинетический
oблaкa
oбле.ценение
Boз,цy[lньIх
сyдoB
oзoн
oпaсньrе
ЯBЛeНИЯ
пoгoдьI
oптимизaция
pе)киMa пoлетa
oсaДки
лиBItеBЬIе
мopoсящие
oблoxсrьrе
oценкa
пpoгтIoЗoB
Пеpегpyзкa
Пoгpеlпнoсть
нaблюдения
Пoтoлoк
сaмoлетa
Пpедпoлeтнoe
плaтIиpoвaниr
Пpoгнoз
Bетpa
и
теМпеpaт)ФьI
Ila
вьIсoтax
Пpoгнoз
пoгoдьl
aвиaциoнный
тIa
пoсaдкy
пo BoзДyIIII{ьrM
Tpaссaм'
МBЛ
и МapпIpy-
тaм
пo
paйoнaм
(плoщaли) пoлетoв
oпеpaтивньIй
пo
aэpoдpoMy
cyгouньIй
пo aэpo,цpoМy
a,rьтеpнaтивньrй
ГIpозpaвнoсть
aтмoсфеpьI
Пьulьнaя
бря
Paдиoлoкaтop
мeтеopoлoгинескиЙ
Paсxo,ц
тoплиBа
Paзpяl элекгpoстaтичeский
Pегистpaтop
BьIсoты
oблaкoв
Cдвиг
вещa
Сtлa
aэpoдитIaМичrскaя
IIoлнaя
пoДъeмнaя
тяги пoтpебпaя
paспoлaгaем:UI
Cкopoсть
Bетpa
Boз'цyшнa,I пoлетa
иIrдикaтopIIaя
истиннaЯ
цpитическa'I
oTpЬIвa
пpи Bзлете
пoсaдoчнaя
пoщебнaя
пyгевaя
Cмеp.r
Cнег
Cщaтoсфеpa
Cтpyйнoе
течrIIие
Tемпеpaтypa
Мaксим.UIьнaя
I\,{инимzlльнaя
oткJloнeние
oт
стaндapтнoй
тytиaнooбpaзoвaния
Tpoпoпaрa
Tyмaн
Typбyлеlrтнoсть aтмoсфеpьI
Ущaвление BoздуIIIIIьIм
дви)кeIIием
Уpoвень
кoнBекции
цpистaJIЛи3aции
Фpoнт
oккJIюзии
тепльrй
xoлo,цньrй
Шквал
IПтopмoвoе
oпoвещеI{иr
пpr,цyпpe)кдеIrиr
Элекгрoстaтинеский
paзpяд
Элекгpизaция сaмoлетoв
Энеpгия
неyстoйuивoсти
Эtпелoниpoвallие
пoЛrтoB
з21
oгЛABЛЕIIиЕ
Bведение
Pаз,це"'r
1. OснoвьI aвиации
3
л
9
66
66
66
61
70
72
72
75
76
l14
119
120
t21,
t22
125
128
134
1з4
136
139
142
t45
150
l5з
r57
159
185
185
186
188
191
r92
194
r96
19'7
202
202
204
20'7
209
209
211
з2з
251
255
260
262
262
26з
266
268
2'70
27з
275
275
27'7
281
284
288
290
292
29з
298
з01
з0.7
з0.7
з09
зl0
31r
3lз
315
зl8
320
з24
сoNTЕNTs
Forеword
Intгoduсtion
........
'..
.. ..........
'
Sесtion l. Fuпdamеntаls of аviаtion
Chаptеr l Fundamеntals of aеrodynamiсs
of
airсгaft
1.l The basiс сonсеpts and laws of aerodynamiсs . . . . . .
l.2. Causes oГformation of а liftiпg
forсе. .
l.3.
Thе сonсept of air comprеssibility
. .
l.4. Flow along objeсts at
various
flying spееds
Chaptеr 2.
Fundamеntals of thе airсraft dеsign
2.
l .
Major struсtural еlements
of airplanеs and
hеliсopters
2.2. Basic сonfigurations of
airplanеs
2.3.
Basiс
сonfigurations of
hеliсopters
2.4. Struсtural intефtу and rеliability of aiгplanеs
and
hеliсoptеrs
Chaptеr 3. Fundamеntals of
fliфt dynamiсs
of
airplanеs
and hеliсoptеrs
3.l.
Lеvеl
flight ofan
aiгplanе
З2 The сlimb of an
aiгplane. Thе сonсеpt
of сеiling
3.3. Gliding flight of
an airplanе
3.4. Thе takе-offand
landing stages ofairplanеs . . . . .
3.5.
Rеgimеs
of
hеliсopter flights.
Chapteг
4. Classifiсation ofairсraft and aеrodromеs
ofсivil aviation
4.l. Clаssifiсation oГаirplanеs аnd
heliсoptеrs.
. . .
'
4.2. Classifiсation of аеrodгomеs.
. .
4.3.
Constituents of
an aегodromе
4.4. Navigational instruments aпd systems of aiгсraft and aеrodгomеs . . . . . .
Chaptеr 5.
Сlassifiсation and orgaвization of flights
5.l.
Classifiсation oГсivil aviation
flights .
5.2. Оrganization
oГсivil aviation
flights .
5.3. Thе struсturе of thе Unifiеd
Systеm
of Aiг Traffiс Control .
'
. .
'
.
5.4. Fliфt sеparation
5.5.
Fundamеntals oГair
navigation
5.6. Prinсplеs of navigation еnginееr сalсulation
Sесtioп 2. Iпfluеnсе ofatmosphеriс
pаramеtеrs
on airсrаft flight
pаramеtеrs.
. .
.
Chaptеr 6. Thе еffесt of tеmpеraturе
and
prеssurе
on airсraft flights .
6.
l. Standard atmospherе and
its
puгposе
6.2.
The
еffесt
of tеmpеrature and
prеssure
on
baromеtriс altimеter rеadings
. . . .
6.3.
Thе еffесt
oftеmperaturе
and
prеssurе
on flight spееd
rеadings
6.4 Thе еffесt of tеmpеrаturе
and
pressuгe
on
aerodщamiс
pеrformаnсеs
of aiгсraft.
6.5.
Thе effесt
оf
temperafurе and
prеssurе
on engine thrust arrd fuel
сonsumption 6.6.Thе еf-
fесt
oftempеraturе
and
plessure
on takе-offand
landing ofairсгaft . . .. .
6.7.
Thе еffесt
of
tеmpеraturе and
prеssuге
on the
сlimb
ratе
and сеiling
.
6 8. Short-гange and
vеry-short-rangе forесast
of
thе surfaсе air
and uppеr tеmpeгaturе
Chartеr
7. Wind influеnсе on airсraft
flights .
7.1.
Wind
influеnсe on сrцisе speеd
and Iange . .
7.2.
Wind influеnсe on takе-off
and landing .
7.3. Jеt сuпents
and thеir signifiсanсe for air navigation . .
'
.
7.4.
The сonсept oГеquivalеnt
wind . .
7.5.
Fеaturеs
of
wind influenсе on thе hеliсoptеr flight
7.6.
Wind
shears
and their influеnсе
on
takе-off and landing
7.7 Short-гaпge and
very-short-rangе
foreсast
of wind
and
wind
shеаrs
.
Chaptеr 8.
Еffесts ofatmosphеriс
turbulеncе on airсraft
flights .
8.
l .
Causеs
of foгmation of atmospheriс turbulenсе
8.2.
Imnaсt
of tuфulеrrt
fluсtuations on
thе
airсraft. Tuфulеnt wеathеr
of aimlаnеs
.
5
4
9
9
9
1l
16
l8
/.э
2з
25
2'7
29
3t
3l
32
34
35
40
чz
Чz
44
46
48
52
52
5з
58
60
6l
6з
66
66
66
67
-70
'72
't2
'75
76
'79
86
86
9l
94
95
96
97
100
tt2
rt2
tt4
119
з25
8.3. Thе CAT struсturе
8.4.
Turbulеnсе
in
сlouds
8.5.
Turbulеnсе
in
jеt
сuпеnts
8.6
oгographiс
turbulеnсе
8.7.
Synoptiс
сonditions
of
intеnsivе
turbulenсе
.
8.8.
Sirort-rangе
and
vеry.short.rangе
forесаst
of
atmosphегiс
turbulеnсе
Chaptеr
9.
Еffесts
ofсloudinеss
and
геstriсtеd
visibility
on
flights
. . .
:
. .
.
9.i.
Cloudinеss
and
visibility as
major
fасtors
сausing
сompliсatеd
mеtеorologiсal
сonditions
of
flights
9.2.
Wеathеr
minima.
9.3.
Visibility
rangе
and
its dеpеndеnсе
on
various
faсtors
. . .
. . .
9.4.
Меtеorologiсal
and
flight
visibility
9.5.
Меtеоrologiсal
flight
сonditions
in сlouds
of
various forms
.
.
9.6.
Flight
"onJition.
with
various metеorologiсal
phепomena
hindеring
visibility
9.7.
Flight
сonditions
in zonеs
of
atmospheriс
fгоnts
. .
9.8.
Contrails
bеhind
an airplanе
9.9.
Short.raпge
and
very.shot1-rangе
forесast
oflow
сlouds
and
rеstriсtеd
visibility.
Chaptеr
10. Iсing
of
airсraft
and
its
impaсt
on flights
10. l.
Iсing
аs a
wеathеr
phетromеnon
dangerous
for airсraft
10.2.
ClassiГrсation
ofiсе
dеposits
obsеrved
in
flight
l0.3.
Iсing
intеnsity
and
its dЬpеndеnсе
on
miстophysiсal
сloud
struсtuIе
and
flight
rеgimе
.
. .
10.4.
Меtеorologiсal
and
synoptiс
сonditions
of iсing
l0 5.
Featurеs
ofiсing
ofhigh.spееd
airplanеs
and
hеliсoptеrs
10.6
Меthods
of
iсing
сontrol
10.7.
Danger
of
icе
g|aze and flarе
iсе for
aiгсrаft
and
fighting
thеm
.
.
l0.8. Shortlrangе
and
vеry-shoгьrangе
forесast
of
ice
g|aze
aпd
glare iсе
.
. .
.
Chaptет
ll.Еffеоtsofthundеrstormsandsquallsonaviationopеration
-....'.'.....
1 i.1.
Thundеrstorm
and
squalls
as
wеathеr
phеnomеna
dangеrous
Гor airсraft
1 1.2.
Types
ofthundеrstorms
and ехtеnt
ofthеir
dangеr
for
airсraft
.
l l
.3. Fеaturеs
of flights
in zonеs
of
thundеrstorm
aсtlvlty
l l
4. Appliсation
ofmeteorologiсal
radar
data
for
diagnosis
and
prеdiсtion
ofthunderstorm
sourсеs
natural
and
man-madе
сovеr
. .
12.3.
Effесts
ofhydromеtеorologiсal
faсtors
on airсraft
situatеd
on thе
gтound.
|2.4.
The
aviation
and
сlimatiс
dеsсriptions
and rеports
and
their
appliсatiоn
in
mеtе-
orologiсal
support
of
aviation
сliaptеi13.
InfluЪnсе
ofozonе
and
spaсе
radiation
on
aviation
aсtivitiеs
l
3.
l
.ozonе
сontеnt
in thе
atmospherе
and
its еffесt
on
aviation
aсtivitiеs
13.2.
Spaсе
radiation
and
its
effесt
on
aviation
aсtivitiеs
Seсtion
3.
Mеtеorologiсal
support
of
flights
Chaptеr
14. organization
of
work of
air
mеtеorologiсal
offiсеs
l4.1.Purposе_,problеmsandorganizationofairmеtеorologiсaloffrсеs'.'.-.-.:-.
14'2.
LoйtionЪnd
еquipment
of
сivil
aut6matiс
mеteorologiсal
stations
(сAМs)
l4.3.
Typеs
and sсope
of
work
at CAМS
|4.4.
Оrganization
of
obsегvations
at
СAMS
Chaptеr
t
j'
тье
сollесting
and diffusion
of
metеorologiсal
data
at CAМS
l5.1.
Basiс
sourсеs
ofmеtеorologiсal
data.
.
.
l5.2.
Collесtion
and
dissеmination
оf
mеtеorologiсal
data
via
radio
сommuniсation
сhannеls
.
15.3.
Collесtion
and dissеmination
of
mеtеoroloфсal
data
through
wirе
сommuniсation
сhan-
nеls...
|5'4.
Organtzation
of storm
alеrt
and
waгnings
at CAМS
326
r20
t21
t22
t25
128
|з4
1з4
136
139
r42
r45
150
153
15'7
159
185
185
186
188
191
r92
194
196
19'7
202
202
204
20'7
209
209
2tl
219
219
220
222
22з
226
226
227
2з1
231
231
2з4
2з6
2з9
24'7
247
248
25r
255
l5.5.
Aviation
mеtеorologiсal
сodes
usеd for
mеtеorologiсal
data
ехсhangе
Chaptег 16.
Aviation
wrathеI
forесasts
and thеir
validitу
assеssmеnt
16
1 Thе
rеquiгеmеnts
to
bе mеt
by aviation
wеathег
forесasts
l6.2. Basiс
tуpеs
of aviation
wеathеr
forесasts
dеvеlopеd
at
CAМS
l6.3.
Tеrminology
of aviation wеathеr
forесasts
16.4.
Dеtailеd
еlaboгation
and сorrесtivе
amеndmеnts
of
aviation
wеathеr
forесasts
l6'5. Validity
assеssmеnt
of aviation
Wеathеr
forесasts
and
stоrm
wamings
l6.6. Analysis
of
weather
forесasts
Сhаptеr
l7.
.Iljvlеtеorologiсal
support
ofсivil
aviation
-
'
. . .
17 l . Basiс
гщuirеments
to bе met
by
mеteorologiсal
support
of
flights
17.2
Organization
of mеtеorologiсal
support
of ATC
bodiеs
|1 .3.
organization
of mеtеoгologiсal
support
of
flights
along various
routes
. .
1
7.4. Fеaturеs
of mеtеorolоgiсal
suppoгt
of flights
on domеstiс
air
linеs and
flights
aimеd
at
appliсation
of airсraft
in national
есonomy
l7.5.
Fеaturеs
of meteorologiсal
support
of intеmational
flights
17.6.
Feаturеs
of mеtеorologiсal
support
of ship-bomе
airсrаft .
. . .
17
7. Information
transmittеd
from
grоund
to
airсraft
board . .
l
7.8. Feafurеs
of mеteorologiсal
support
of flights
in misсellaneous
gеogтaphiс
гegions
. .
l7.9.
Fеafurеs
of mеtеorologiсal
support
of flights
at misсеllanсous
altitudеs
17.l0.
Comprеhеnsivе
analysis
оf
^-,'atmospheriс
proсеssеs
with
mеtеoгologiсal
suppoгt
of
flights .
Chapter
l8. Automation
of
mеtеorologiсal
support
of flights
18.l.
Automation
of
makingobsеrvations
at CAМS
18.2.
Automation
of сollесtion
and
dissеmination
of mеtеorologiсal
data
l8.3. Automation
of саlсulations
for
the
prediсtion
of metеorologiсal
parameters
and wеather
phеnomеna
dangеrous
for airсraft
18.4.
Automation
of making
aiг navigation
сalсulations
in airports
18.5.
Prinсiples
of сгeation
of an automatiс
systеm
of mеtеorologiсal
support
of flights
Instеad
ofthе сonсlusions.
. . .
. .
260
262
262
263
266
268
270
27з
2'75
275
27',|
281
Rеfеrеnсеs
284
288
290
292
29з
298
301
зо7
з07
309
310
311
JIJ
з20
З27
1з-1з7-15
8
ISBN