Barzam A.B. Automation in Electrical Power Systems (Системная автоматика)

VARIAALES

,

___

403

f

J*l

#

1l

f,ti

"lll"i

^' : f ^os'r

ul,.:,.i3*1ffi

iilT,Tj:

-,

r.

*.

.r,i,

*

r,

r...

,.,,..i:t.t4.

operating

Drincinlp nr *^-r -

;-'#"Ji"ri-i,,1',"1'fi*"1,tifi._li*lf;;'::T,sf;5.#'?r*_:H;

Ti'i::f,.,XHrl:

n.r',1,,

"A:ill:gt"

ph,

model"

HOil.

(a)

osclrded;il

fr_"l&'rTK.

io_

;t'

J#;i"',f

l'-,'i:;T:lg

(ilitJ;.iil

'R

a{

?

re

recordins

drvicll'.

Lus

uru\/lrg

paper.

:vices

with

rnn.rin_ r*^_ _

^or

o

io

*

i. _ryi',,t-",tT

trff.

i.",ili:L:t

rc1,

neter

circuit

(c).

14'4.

Autornafio

A-^:rr^

vD(;urugfApns

(b)

T

1,,

k)

l4-7.

Nleasuring

system

of

instruments

with

a

Fig.

74-8.

Automatjc

oscillograph,

'lfill*"?ii,

1

2-channel

catrons

durirrg

faults

P

'1

(o)

voltmeter;

(b)

arnmeter;

(c)

freguency

meter, ab_bs

Hz

26*

CEAPTER

FOURTEEN

ilates

^the

galvanoneter

position

in

the

g.

1L9b),

it reflects

the

split

iight

l.*

r

the

mean position,

a

siraighi

liue-of

strip

is

see[

on

screen

.?.

ting

device.

Being

rerrecred

froua

rhe

l*Itl.H'-ilir9,rT"o:?I'*

H llrl.'rtffi

YARI{BLES

n-uouslSt

erased

from

tho hd,*^4:^ ,r -

tn"pu,it"d";tt*:ilXXfi

:ffiT:b|iH"X','H:,.lJf

rjTj5lyreeordingon

thephotos.,rn*rif

ii{1fl.,.1fu1lH"X','H*;,ti:l1jffi

0"ifl,11,#,.,7

j

:

I-TR| ?:l"t.-J?;"f,'";: *:g::,"j-9*lrog."pn,

mode'

Ho22

,:J':?ffif

n"1:"iT"g1i,l;"9{s*,*ir:#jfl

::":ff

1"j,:g::*_.,^.

a

u toDc

a ti

c

co

n

tirii,-"iiT

z

a"i,i_u-;

€.d

J

us

te

en

t'

-ffiilrTff

L

":1I

Prior

to

the €r.ecina

l i ght-bea

m

;;;;;;;s"

"""',"i'

;.

.TJtlT,

:-ecording

e guipmen

t

r

ne

ejectromagnetic

;ig;i.

is

switched

on

by

of

the

magnetic

Fig.

t4-9.

Optical

system

oi

oscillograph,

model

H-13

(a)

working

position;

(b)

adJusting position

by

mirror

10 to

lens

/J

and

into

the

photographic

paper

tape

below

the working

slit

of the

holder.

, .

.

-;

-^9'

:j:""^'It:1t_variables

-I

(current

or votrtage)

are fed

to

magnetic

retardation

unit

J.

Fig'

14-11'

!P:k

diagram

of

nagneric

recording

chanrer

#';'tx"Br"f;

;*--1+Lry,H+il#";p+dTffi

fi

,*i#-grt*;ery:-"?#,;

,G

(')

'when

f.hcno ic nn fo,,l+ ^- +L^ ^r^:^-^"-'--:;--:

--

-:E*

*o""":

*'^".1

'

-'

.

--

'v

uv

rqu^u

\r|r r,rr\i

uuJt,('Ls

rrrrQer

supgrvNlon,

tne

record

Is

contrL

?:"

;i.1,

0r,,

:::"-

_l'-uol,siggatg

in

the

in

d

ica

tio

n . s i -n a I

r ;

- _

unit

i.

*q6'uE!rli

feLarclstlon

and

light-bea-m

ffiff;;;

CSAPTER

FOURTEEN'

AUTOMATIC

RECORDING

oF

ELEC?nICAL

VARIABLES

407

gnce

irnpredance

of

a

power

transmissior.l

liae,

I

km

)edance

of power

s5,stem

-f

is

equa

I

to

zap,

with

refe-

!|:}!t:?

ffi$:*il"i'f

power

ivstem

ffesuars

zo,,p,

Illrned

Dy tne

ttme

taken

by

the

magnetic

recording

drum

to

move

from recor-

,li-^ ]^^^A 9 +^ l---:- 1- ! r

14-5.

Locating

the Fault

on

Power

Transmission

Line from

Fixing

Instrrrments

. ltt Pgwer_

system

f be

connected

to

power

system

,I.I

u'ith power

trans-

mission

line

M-N

({ig,

1+12).

An earth

fiult

occurs

at

point

SC'at distances

Ira'",

and

lrr.

from

the

busbars

of

substations

M

and,.lf,

rbspectivll_v.

The

zero-

sequence

impedance

to point

SC from

the

busbars

of

subitation

-M

is

Fig.

14'12,.

D.istribution

of

zero-segueDce

voitage

arong

singre

po*er

*ans_

mission

line

jpliag

oor_pn"rr'rir".l^"f{lU

fnr;:"transrent

resistance

of

zero_

sequence)

Let

the

zero-seguence

currcotr_il:o.ilg

tg.

the

eartb

fault

from

substation

rrf

3'--Tr:l*il

ter;:,1li

Tffi"#f;.'Jg;"ffiji,'r';^l*,

ti,*o

*i,n-"irr,

.Er

and

E'

Since

rvhile

and

then

f

QLo

-

t=0Mec

-

.{

oJve

c

(14-3)

(1+4)

(14-s)

Zg74

sc

:

L

Iv tcLo

on

(14-1)

t14-2\

Zn'r

-I

.Zn

enoting

(14-7)

CEAPTER

FOI'NTE,EN

and replacing

the

complex

value

of impedanees

with

their

absolute

sncrni*rrioo

we

may

approximateiy

write

rqguru.ru'D'

4

olt*

a&oM

:

zoL-

zol**

aor

lrzo (%*

1)

:

(zo*

-

zouei

*

zoL

,

_(zor-crozov.)*zoL

'

zs

(ct'o*

1)

AUTOMATIC

RECORD

-IING

OF

ELECTRICAL

V4.RI-dBLES

follows

from

Fig.

7Lr2,

tbat

the

zero-sequence

vortage

at

the

,sc

faurt

{J

o*

:

U

oa

*

f

ou

nl*zo

:

fJ

o*-l-

/orv""ao

(L

_

tr)

hence

(1/+-8)

(14-e)

(14-11)

the

place

It

point

hence

Expression

where

I'

:

distance

from

the

busbars

of

substation

M to

earth

fault

SC

'L

:

Iengt!

of

the power

transmission

line

betn'een

sulstation

s

M

and 1/

zo

:

zgro-seqlqn!,9

impedance

of

I

km

of

power

transmission

Iine

It follows

from.lt+-l)

thaf

the

transient

resistance

ft1s need

oot

l,

known

in

order

to

determine

th6

distance

to

the

earth

fault

lv

iTas),

l"i

it

is

neces-

Sarv to nrelirninnrrr erlerrlofa +1,. - ^-l - :---r----

'-

-

",-

l-

wnlrrp nf - --^;*-+ +l-^ ^^-l^ -^-.::- , . ,!

'*-;"^

::_*0,ta6qrrrDu

r,uu

rrsals

.rtsaqlngs

or f,ne

measurtng

instrumgnts.

'Io

ease the wnrlr

nf lnad rlicnorahilg,peisonne).,

the

_v"alue,

ui"o]g.

and ao^.

ating

condition_q

with

reference

to

thi

t foliows

from (14-8)

that

in

order

to

r

"AI

section

should

be

knos,n.

om

the

readings

of.the

instrument

mea_

th*..fttl-!,"rs

of

substations

i,lf

and

.fo.

and

zol*'(I

uuo*

/orvo) :

(Uorv

_

Uod

{

f

s*r.zrL

J,

-

(U

ow

TU

ou)

*

I

onrrzoL

*i):(?u,""*i:i*i'"'-"ilbreror.rocaring,r

jt;:,?

power

transmission

linbs.

{hen

a

parater

}io.

is present,

":^(:!:!?)

if

the.

mutuat

indrictance pJfecr

is

inctuded

inro

Tl_t_o1|".

?.oj,

tht

eircuit

of

tle

parallel

tinpc io ^^*_.^_r^r

Drar-

crrcult

tr{-DJ.

In srre.h ine+o','^^-

-..-t-*--1"^:

:i"

vtrtLeo

,i.irfri"i.:l"

jTn-qi:1r:

culeg!.and

volt"gr

i;oid.ui"rn-r;:,_';

:."Tpl?^::

ro.h.lp

th;Fd"t'J##fli,f

p!1i"1

!!v

Prdus

::^t9'

these

speed

up

the

fault

lo-cation

c

ial

nom-oqrams

are

gram

construction

jor

instanceJ"when

ti

rciple

of

the

nomo_

at

the

ends

with

tiiirg-"t-il'rtJr-"

,oo,

n Iine

is

furnished

no*'_explained.

e

--sv!vrL'

vu^'r

eguence

current

i.s

..,Htrlgo

an

earih

fauit

occurs

oD

r

E'ith

Figs

li-fi'

^"a

M44

th"t

oot

or

two

phases,

we

can

v'rite

in

compliance

and

I

J

(14-t3)

(14-14)

or:

Bo

:

9root

:

zol't

zorysc

.

zoM

u0N

zOIttz1Msc

Z1N

(t4-10)

Taking

into

acc.ount,(i4-5)

and-substituting

the

absoiute value-s

for

the

eomplex

values

of,

impediocej,

*.e

have

Fororv

[zou

I

zol"]

-

zou

lzoy

+

zD (L-

l")J

zsl,

(fi62r*

*

zom):

zoMzow

(1

-

Fo)

*

FozouL

or

aud

l0sc

:

1s14"t

*'fon'",

fottr"

z6ly

*

zoN

--:T-

Let

expression

(uFr,)

r.

tr#rir**13-rorows

3y

""-F

/o^*".

_ !ot,

*

zon-

*

zolx.*

zoM

or

F;-:ffi

+a

-

zoM*zol-*zsL

zon

Let

.IoNsc

^iffi:ffi

"

,f^^r--

Q I

a':#-:f4ffi

(14-15)

with

accounr

of

(i4_16)

_.y

n.

presented

(14-15)

(t4-16)

(14-r7)

(kilome-

(t4-r8)

.

If the

guantities

of

fault

mav

be

dete

U

o*,

Ugry,

Iouqc

dnd /0r""

are

measured,

then

L--z('_/

,

zoM

zo

(I-U)

zo

11-11)

t (to

point

^SC)

from

substatjon

/14

lr:t!9tt-ttt

-zoM

zg

26

IN

zo*

and ao,n

which

are

not

constant

and

-whose

values

greatly

depend

power

systems

I

and.

II.

ters)

operating

conditions

of

upon

[he

f

|f

H,(

zz*

---r.n^r1

ty

zz,

Zz*

Zzt

*

ur*

-

%p

4.,

I2^

5i5;'

t1J"1,,

or'.itl*1""i3'o:"tu.l'ih:"*-::lXlij.-::,r3,g.,?

".d.-yj:g..:-1T',.,,,::

connection

i ntn

"t-rll^i

illl rli

""r

b

ror

co'vert')

n

g

del ta

2z

-

tlt+rH

zrr

zo,- ^ :

zz]+rsc

.

,, _

zrN.sc

__ r

L^rr

2

,

vZNp:

aIlO

Z2Psc:

Lft

c I

sc

zzvxiz=*r"c*r2-rit"c

AUTOMATIC

RECORI

____JING

OF,

ELECTRICT{I

VARIABLES

4t1

tt t

@

rectilinear

one.

:y

with

thg-

ope.rating-

conditions

of

the

rriations

are

guite

aJti"it.

and.

the

load

nining

distante.l"

-;[;;"i"

koo*s

the

nfiguration)

and

i"""i"l.

reports

from

and-

ir.

ats

are

filed,the

nomogram

has

a

form

Lnd

rhe

calculat,ing;;il;ion

is

similar

the

zero_sequencJ

_r""i"bL.

u,ith

back_

t_.oo..l:?,*;'j"'_.:lt.]-:.r

i:

supervised

by

a

load

disnnr".hor L^ *-_ .

14-6.

Fixing

Instruments

0

F.ig.

.14-14.

Nomogram

for

slmultaneousl

y

measuring

0.25 0.s

0.75

t

(6)

"l,o"11ir_g^_11"th

fauit.by

means

o

dara

obrained

b1,

J/0

currents

Jrom

both

ends

of

the

power

transmis_

sIoD

lrne

occurs,

a

cunenr

?,ppTrlln

tn"l"Jt

,rirnt

"o"a

;;#-l"r#ff,_fli:iuiTd[:fi:iAl

tunctio-n'

Then,

th"

.ldi'n"irrr?

a".,riog

ih,

ffiriog time-oi-6.02

s

croses.

rne

relav

hords

itserf

"t*.;-#its

conialT-din

t

ind

its

"ooilrt

tATR_z

nornogtaul

i..**+*.*;'r&*rrl**;rt**+*;**;,*r"i

."i&*1

Fig.

14-15.

Firing

ammeter,

rnodel

OA-B

contact

_CR-l-gVens

the s€condary

winding

of

the intervening

current

trans-

former

I

to

allow the capacit,or

C

to charge-.

The

contact

CR-Z

closes

the

auxi-

liary

relay

ATR

whose pickup

is deiaye?

for

about

60

mc.

The

rela]' ATR

b;'

contacL

ATR-I

holds itself-closed,

c-onta

ct

ATR-2 completes

the

signalling

igop.-

T!i-t

measure

along with

an

inerease

in the

return

spring

torque

ensures

the

dead-beat

movement of

the poiuter.

The

device

is resei

by*operating

push-

button

B

(Fig.

t4.l6a).

Instead

of instruments

with

a

iocking

pointer

mechanism

sometimes a mil-

licoulometer

is used.

The

latter

has

no-

ieactionary

torque

and

the

pointer,

possessing

farge

overdamping,

when

once deflected

t[rough

some

angle, iemains

in this position

until

acted upon

by

another

return pulEe.

For

the

c+nuection

diasrem -see Fir' 1/1-47

The

momr"i ;;;;tt

"ffiit-rc*.,

;i;

;il;;t

retay

c.R

functions and

irs

CHAPTEN

FOURTEEN

the

miliicoulometer.

The instrum

ent

pointer

deflection

is

pro-

the

current in the

circuit.

Fig.

t4-16.

Connee.f.ion nf fivi-- ^h.-^.^- a r 4

'","*.;.lXIr)gT

rep_i;*g-el,1y_ed

in

pickup

;;;;;':,

ff;'ll:;1]o,""oo,.,

riosi'

-

zs rio-iili'si

:300:dd0'6;H,

i$,5'il-*uffiI'ili:"{ini"A!"+Tiila,:5**rit.:,

d

-

ammeter'

range

o-tob

rie,

ioli-

resistance

ot

650-800

bnm:

I

-

button

Fig'

14-17'

connection

of

millicoulorneter

to

fis

lhe

starting

vaiue

of

short-

412

14

a

rectifier

to

portional

to

CE

-

current

relay:

.R_-

series

^resistor

(tX

:

?^g-_9ligi-rfi.:

40.0g

ObF;

sA

:

60,000

unm

at

operating-

"9{399.

or

zsO

-vi"

-'din

-

"3*iliary

rela-v

oeraveo

rn pickup

for

e(,

E3;

.4

-

millicoulorieter;

i

_

cipiiiigll

.

Z0

i-i:,

f

-_*ior".rn.nrns

transtormer:

g

_

button

r.s.Ere.ue{,

6t<

Circuit

(t)

ATR-2

"u

414

CEAPTEN

FOURTEEN

After

the

instrument

pressing

the

push*utton

of

relay

ATR.

The

other

:eadings

are

recorded,

the

instrument

i.s

.:eset

bi-

B,

one

contact

of

.v'hich-

ope'S

the

self-boidinf

circuit

two

contacts

of

this

reiay

switch

over the

mEasuiing

IAP-3

JAN.2

,A.UTOMATIC

RECORDING

OF

ELECTRICAI

VANIABI,ES

er

than

those

run

from

the

busbars

of

"

remain

open

and

the

r.t"V

aaR

ao.,

rr I

uyoLt

I

1

I

l+

I

Fig.

t4-18.

Auromai,rc

,"rr.rr"ol'1or

measuring

'orrage

ar

fault

(o)

a'c'

and

rcctified

current

voltage

cjrcuits;

(b)

ri.c,

circuitsf

l

-

tilter of

zerg'.

or back-

::?Ig:tequ:lce.Yoltagc;

p

-

rectifiei

-lrioie;

;_-

rectifier;

.rplq

anci

zpR

-

polarized

relays;

JA-R throush

J4{

_.auxiliart

reia*Ti:

r.n

_

ii-ml'r6irrs;-"Guri,_

cd"-tirttfi*o

incicate

rault

trjppin*

or

ll:,,-'^lq

aj

si;g1..{g;.t",tid";_all,iio'il"J"ti.,

rcsistors;

c

-

ca-

,tlt

u-

ptlut

famp

Lt

is

released_

after

the

operation

ol

time

rcitor

C

discharges.

The^contacts

.,farrlt,,

ievice.

'

ffi

d;'"#il

il,

il:11'#f#,f-';';i,:;

.,

ct

IRp-2

is

inserred

inro

tt,

"rf.rririg

The

electrical

timer

is

controlled

by

the

breaking

contacts

of

relays

4AR

ili"ff,n"""i:-fJiltliiii.?;Jl::r-ritu

rime

or

rhe

rimer

is

depen-

0.6

0.8

s

Fig'

14-'19"

Approx!nr,.te

cbaracteristic

of

feuii

vortaEe

ncasu:.ing

device

re

polarize

0.2

u,1

inst'rurnent

to th.e

operating

pov/er

source.

Tiiis

switching

is

performed

at

reversc

polarity

to

set

the

pointer

to

?,era.

voltage

measurement

ciicuit

of a fixing

instrument

is shown

in

Fig.

I4-lB.

When

a short

circuit

occurs,

the

-voltage

d-eveloped

across

the

zero-

or

back-

\T

voltage

is

functions

rectified

and

applied

and

completes

the

coii

to

the

starting

polarired

relay

circuit

of

auxiiiary

rela1,

IAR:

the

value

of

the

capac.itor

charge,

i.e.,

t.o

readrngs

may

be

calib_

-J

'.

2PR-/

JAR.I

.IP.R

u'hich

rated

in

voltage

t@r+r',.-;-*

CEIAPTER

FOIIR?EEN

,..

Th"

operatiug

principie

of

the

commerciallv

available

fixino instrrrmo-+o

(uxrng

pu$e

rnsrrumenr,.rype

ol4n-i)

is

illujtrared

in

Fi*

iLioii;;;_1r"

The

three

basic

unirs

in'theiori**rui

are:

th"

"oiitil.

;;t;fi1tnit

7MIJ,

the

reading

unit

.RU

and

the

r"p.oduri-og

""it'"i;;:

*euvrr

t

r---

AL

VARI.A.BLES

^ {".

is

fed

to

the

pulse

2AR

functions

under

the

rter_.&'.

The

pulse

counter

rends

on

rhe'

""tu.-oilfr.

urn,

is

determinea

15,

15-s

;siag

the

button

.B

\r,hose

Fig.

14-?A.

Diagram

explaining"f;l,.t*"rf_rprinciple

of

fixing

iast;rrmsaf,

vMa

-

volaflls

Eemory

untt;

Ru

-

reading

lnit;

aep

-

reproducing

unit;

t1arn_t

ls

about

0.01-s;

ttA.n_z

ls

about

0.09.s;

rr^r"_,

l.-a5out

O.l

I

eitor

C,

causes

a

current

to

flow

through

nd

capacitor

C

r,,-this

causes

relay

ZAE_Z

n

and

contacts

ZAR-Z

and

ZAR_9

"Iorr.

rpacitor

Cr,

while

contact

ZAR_S

closes

tuu

-D

$r.nOS€

'":#f;i."r'J#:o:^

^llt

I

A

r

R. prosra

mmi

n

g

c,

r;;;";*i,i1ru",-J,l#

;::

t

t;:

_the

sig:ral

A

unEef"_;;r.,;

During

the

read;n;;;::^::i;,""'.

tt

.omii.telv

rransi.srnr.i.^r

rF.

j"Tt

is

iess

tion

to

tlc

'ariabl;"iy

vu.'ss

urte

t'oltage

across

tn,

.rpr"i-#Z:;.

,-,.^-^-'^_

..

'g

PTUPUI'-

n'he.re.

#

is

the

proportionalirr,

,"^!::

kA

(r4-rg)

"*.T:oiffiruh,ttit:*}Jili3llil"o"-,ior

c,

ror

the

rirs*ime,

the

volrage

t'-r-

:

Li

tnr

:

(ej'

)'

.rn

(14-22)

that

ItA

-

lct*c

G:(-#)":(,+*)"

A'ln

(1+*):ln'{

atn-L

It

follorvs

from

I-Ience

Since

(14-22)

(14-23)

p-hcfrne*,"DhJ

u

Ene

eurreur

produced

by

the

cbarge.6f

capacitgi

cl

L;"$d

il'rhe

circuit,

including

the

conract

2AIi-1,

tLJ"oiiof

;I"iz;H

ano

capaciror

cr, is

greater

rpacitor

Cr,

while

contact

ZAR_S

closes

esv

vrrvnrr'

(,1

rrutse

oouaf,er

-/l/

or

the

reproduction

unit.

Rela,y

ZAR

resets

and

reconnects

to

the

circuit

of

capacito,

c-- Thc ;;r"., eA D - ^^^+^.trr-- !---^^:^--

(14_2s)

418

CEAPTER FOI'RTEEN

The

:4

vaiue

when

ft-

:

0

t

Uth,

tv-O:

-;-

^

Thus,

when plotted.

to

a seqilogarithmic

scale, the

relation

N

-

f

(,+1

forms

a

straight line

(Fie.

i-L21).

E

Fig.

14-21,. Semilogarithmic

calibration

characteristic

oI OIlfi-l

device

oc,curs war

and zero-seguence

currents

and

voltagps,

AUTOMATIC

RECORDTNG

OF

ELEC?RICAL

VANIABLES

4{9

l4-8.

Review

euestions

From

t14-ry)

it is seen rirat the

important,

advantage

of

this

t5'pe

of instru-

ment

is

that the

straight

line does

not

change'as the

Capacitance

of

C, and

Co

v-ary

proportionally,

i.e., the

instrument

readings

are

not

affected b!'ageing

of

the

same type

capacitors.

14-7.

Conelusions

starting

devices to economize

on

photographic

paper

and

fix the starting

time.

4-

The

use

of multichannel

oscillographs enables

changes in

the currents

carried

by the

various

connections

and of different sequences to be fixed. it

is

also possible

to

record

the voltages

of different sequencies

and

deternine

the

sequence

of

operation

when

some elements

of

the

automatic

devices

are

at

fault,

a fact

of

utmost

importance

during the

analyses

of

the

operation

of

high-

frequency

differential phase protection.

5.

Automatie devices, fixing the

starting values

(0-04

s from

the

instant

Litate

Iine.

servicing as the

fault is readily

located

aloag the

power

transmission

REFEREN

CES

i

niroductior,

^ -

I-1'

ld'yat1a

sistema

konstruktarskoi-

d,okumentatsi,i.

PrauiLe

vypolneniya

sklzem. (Unified

Svstem of

Desisn

Documentation.

Rules

";

C;;;il"iiog

oi"gi".*):--b;.-sta.-:2:70i:a"8,

2.702-69,

2.?03--6&

2.704-68,

"oa

Z.ZaZ-Og.

1-2' BARzAtr'f.'

i,'8.-

obshchie

loprosy,

uchebnogo

proektirouaniya

releinoi

zashchitu

i

avtometiki

(General

Protective

Relaving

and

Auromaiic

bo;;;;lT,liliii;'b"ri"e"

piJiiffil]

M.,

Energiya,

1969.

I-3'

GUK,

Yu.B.,

zErLrDzoN.

E:D-.,

M4No\i,

I,i.A.

o

prim.enenii

osnounltkhponuaiii

i kriterieu

teorii

nadczhnosty

.u

releinai

zashchin

(Baqic

Concepts

ina

Criieri^-of

ffi."ii"fi;i;ffi;;

Theor-r' ,t-ppljq{

to

plorective

Reiaying),

predrricfesr.il-*sf"oGii"

N".-s,19'62.

I-4' PoPov'

E.P.

Automaticieskii.r"sutiiir"oii

(iut;;;1i;

nrgufrtion).

M.,

Srate

publishers

of

engineering

and

theoreiica]

iit"r"irir"."

rgiz.

Chopter

Ont

1'-1'

Ob

avtomatich.csko.m

regulirouanit

vozbuzhd.entyo

(Q\

Automatic

Field

Reguiation).

in

the book:

Sbornik

direktiunykh

nzateriolo;46[";;i;i

of Informative

Artjcles).

Ir{..

Ener-

giya,

i97t,

1-2' O

viipalnenii

uremennot

zashchity

o!. peregruzki

rotora

tur.bogene-raiora

.s,

neposred.st-

vennVm

okhlazhdcniem

prouodnikou

obmotii. (dverioading

Protection'

of

"--'i,rroogunerator

Rotor

with

Direct

Cooling

of l4rinding

con-d-uctgr4-in

tlTmot:

suiiitfaiirtiunynn

materia-

iou

(Coll""tjg_l_of

Informative

Arricles).

Ir{-,

Enrirgi.v".

iSZf.

i-3. TSUKERNIK,

L.v.,

KOSTI'UK,'O.M.,"

iitnlnfSKII,

v.E.,

Upravl-uaemoe

lazo_

we kompaundirouani,e

s,inkltronnylth,rnashin

s

korrektstei,i.

pi

napryi"lrtilt,

(6";iftji;J"ph;

frglounding

of

Synchronous

Machines

with

votrag.

'cor."'.ti*1.

6i.ltiici,estvo,

No.

2,

1958.

Chapter

T

wo

2-t'

GOST

13109167.

Electric

Powcr.

Quality

Ratings

for

Electric

power

and

Its

Re-

seivers

Connected

to

Generai

power

Lrrcurrs.

2-2'

GOL'DINA,

L.P.,

KUCHKIN,

I\{.D.,

ROSMA}q.

L.V..

Grulpouoe

uoravlenie

wzbuzhd'eniya

gener-otorou

na

autotnotizirouannykh'

gidrostaitityakl

f

Ciotip

i;"";r"l

;i G;;Z:;;'-

tor

Excitation

at

Unattended

Ilydroelectric

Fowe"r

Stari;;;i:

Eitdu"iiS.fil'siantsii,

Iio. 1,

1957.

-

2-3' INOSOV,

V'L',

?SUKERNIK,

L'V.,

Rompaundirovanie

i

elektromagnitnyt

kot*

rektor

nanruozh'eniua

sinkhronnykh

generatorau

((,ompoittaiog

"1_a-nt*"t""-ii"gi"fiJ

il"fi;g.

conector f

gf

**il'"fpry

c*_o

"""

!i;i'

ili.

;

-d;r;G;;;T

ie54.

-

2-4' BARKAN,

Ya.D.

Regultrouonic'napryaih2"ir;-;

raspredzlitel'nykh

setyakh.

Chapter

Three

*"""t""1;,oR'f,i#frtl^i;,'l:t:r;;f,,,oJ!:o-l

.?,

pe,enap,eaz,,:::^-!,gl

overvoltage

prorecrion

or

:::'g-tir_lf"^?*:{r,

i;,:i,":::::n

..::':n"':o:h

materiaii,,

icJii".tio-o

ol'rni"o-..,i"uuu

-

^^3:--

ca-tron

oi

fie.ctiflers

for

S5'nc-h;;';;:;';;":{!:!:rnfieiei^disa

sinkhronnykh

mashin

/T}p an^rr-

t.

Iiotalug..^f

1!1nic.ius.hoe

opisanie

i

instiukrsiua

,s.

Ca[aiogue.

Descr.ipii;;

r#o

uperatjng

]nsrruc_

\i.

\/.

,

osr

:rgi ya,

t

f1o63.

o

u'o

^

at

ik

i

e

ner

g

osiste

rn (Fu

n

cian:

en

-

L

pclya

(Fieid

Disclarge

Auromatjc

Sl,slems).

{1,

o.o.l

,D:y!fiOVSKAyA,

2.G.,

Sisrentu

daigatelelt^i"generaloro^r_

io-rirnnostyu

ot

100

dotepulation_,Sj'sr.ems

oi

siin.ii"ooous

1i{orors

and

t..

Informetettro,

igi.1.".

""^,

za.shchitll

(protectii,e

R

elaying

Fundamentals).

Chapter

Four

t'""r"?H$H:::'f

iit':''#'&ff

f

ir"ffi

:"#r,ililT-f.*?T$x,i"#t'#ff

:,#:rl

z_b.

KARpOV,_{:T.,

.

SOLD_4TKI.I*l

_tlA,,

Resvtir,oua!!",ngnrve*rr;:":"r::rr:;:":

;f{^:^'itr';:unnvkh

predprivati

ftbl;;;-

Feg'iation

lf

ioarrtriar

piwer

cir-ciitsl.

ri{.

,

Enei_

ff#fJ,iti}#;ilij,"i,'flfli{-i,y,;

,ir1\i!,n"o,t-?::r1,-or-s{ir.,}1,r,,

,

o::,g,_

Erektricbesii"-#;Ji:tn::t:t?!

ror-voltase

ii.g,iii'ii[i""fl"^'r6-fi!';i:::!;ifi;:,tr,A,li

xykn

mafurialol

+x:1",i"!l,n:;,1:,::'N;;',^;"ii"i""'

Jk;rBfffi,'

::,'y!;rurno

.sbrosa

nasrruzki.pri

preobta_

:jit-;{iii"'#ff:; i$:::i::i?i"fr!;I",..ffi*J:i;';]:*g,y$.eeed,

preverrjon

durins

Load

::;, \y !,gli1Ju

ddi,'

i

ii

l

:'il

2:',:;

rf

::} ::i,,y :;

"*

""_

-r

ff

i.;i

i'

tr

o

o r

n i k

d

*

e

k

t i u'

REFERENCES

421

";fl1:"f{rr(Asvnchroni;;i;";#t,;;:""iff

if{y;

#,,r#r::rf;It;

.g*fttf"g;i

"fi,.:H::,_

Barzam A.B. Automation in Electrical Power Systems (Системная автоматика)

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