AWS A5.29-98/SFA-5.29 Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding (Eng)

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ASME B&PVC sec2c$u135 05-25-99 11:30:12 pd: sec2c Rev 14.04

PART C — SPECIFICATIONS FOR WELDING RODS,

ELECTRODES, AND FILLER METALS SFA-5.29

(l) EXXTX-B8 — ASTM A 335-P9 pipe

For two of these Cr-Mo electrode classiﬁcations,

low-carbon EXXTX-BXL classiﬁcations have been es-

tablished. While regular Cr-Mo electrodes produce weld

metal with 0.05 percent to 0.12 percent carbon, the

‘‘L-Grades’’ are limited to a maximum of 0.05 percent

carbon. While the lower percent carbon in the weld

metal will improve ductility and lower hardness; it will

also reduce the high-temperature strength and creep

resistance of the weld metal.

Several of these grades also have had high-carbon

grades (EXXTX-BXH) established. In these cases, the

electrode produces weld metal with 0.10 percent to

0.15 percent carbon which may be required for high-

temperature strength in some applications.

Since all Cr-Mo electrodes produce weld metal which

will harden in still air, both preheat and postweld heat

treatment (PWHT) are required for most applications.

No minimum notch toughness requirements have

been established for any of the Cr-Mo electrode classiﬁ-

cations. While it is possible to obtain Cr-Mo electrodes

with minimum toughness values at ambient temperatures

down to 32°F (0°C), speciﬁc values and testing must

be agreed to by the supplier and the purchaser.

A7.9.3 EXXTX-DX (Mn-Mo Steel) Electrodes.

These electrodes produce weld metal which contains

about 1-

⁄

percent to 2 percent manganese and between

⁄

percent and

⁄

percent molybdenum. This weld metal

provides higher strength and better notch toughness than

the C

⁄

percent Mo and 1 percent Ni-

⁄

percent Mo

steel weld metal discussed in A7.9.1 and A7.9.4. How-

ever, the weld metal from these Mn-Mo steel electrodes

is quite air-hardenable and usually requires preheat and

PWHT. The individual electrodes classiﬁed under this

electrode group have been designed to match the me-

chanical properties and corrosion resistance of the high-

strength, low-alloy pressure vessel steels, such as ASTM

A 302 Gr. B and HSLA steels and manganese molybde-

num castings such as ASTM A 49, A 291 and A 735.

A7.9.4 EXXTX-K(X) (Various Low-Alloy Steel

Type) Electrodes. This group of electrodes produces

weld metal of several different chemical compositions.

These electrodes are primarily intended for as-welded

applications. See Table 2 for a comparison of the

toughness levels obtained for each classiﬁcation.

A7.9.4.1 EXXTX-K1 Electrodes. Electrodes of

this classiﬁcation produce weld metal with nominally

1 percent nickel and

⁄

percent molybdenum. These

electrodes can be used for long-term stress-relived

applications or for welding low-alloy, high-strength

steels, in particular 1 percent nickel.

620.7

A7.9.4.2 EXXTX-K2 Electrodes. Electrodes in

this classiﬁcation produce weld metal which will have

a chemical composition of 1-

⁄

percent nickel and up

to 0.35 percent molybdenum. These electrodes are used

on many high-strength applications ranging from 80 to

110 ksi (550 to 760 MPa) minimum yield strength.

Typical applications would include the welding of

submarines, aircraft carriers, and many structural appli-

cations where excellent low-temperature toughness is

required. Steels welded would include HY-80, HY-100,

ASTM A 710, A 514, and other similar high-strength

steels.

A7.9.4.3 EXXTX-K3 Electrodes. Electrodes of

this type produce weld deposits with higher levels of

Mn, Ni, and Mo than the EXXTX-K2 types. They are

usually higher strength than the -K1 and -K2 types.

Typical applications include the welding of HY-100

and A 514 steels.

A7.9.4.4 EXXTX-K4 Electrodes. Electrodes of

this classiﬁcation deposit weld metal similar to that of

the -K3 electrodes, with the addition of approximately

0.5 percent chromium. The additional alloy provides the

higher strength needed for many applications needing in

excess of 120 000 psi (830 MPa) tensile, such as

armor plate.

A7.9.4.5 EXXTX-K5 Electrodes. Electrodes of

this classiﬁcation produce weld metal which is designed

to match the mechanical properties of steels such as

SAE 4130 and 8630 after the weldment is quenched

and tempered. The classiﬁcation requirements stipulate

only as welded mechanical properties; therefore, the

end user is encouraged to perform qualiﬁcation testing.

A7.9.4.6 EXXTX-K6 Electrodes. Electrodes of

this classiﬁcation produce weld metal which utilizes

less than 1 percent nickel to achieve excellent toughness

in the 60 000 and 70 000 psi (410–480 MPa) tensile-

strength ranges. Applications include structural, offshore

construction, and circumferential pipe welding.

A7.9.4.7 EXXTX-K7 Electrodes. This electrode

classiﬁcation produces weld metal which has similarities

to that produced with EXXTX-Ni2 and EXXTX-Ni3

electrodes. This weld metal has approximately 1-

⁄

percent manganese and 2-

⁄

percent nickel.

A7.9.4.8 EXXTX-K8 Electrodes. This classiﬁ-

cation was designed for electrodes intended for use in

circumferential girth welding of line pipe. The weld

deposit contains approximately 1-

⁄

percent manganese,

1.0 percent nickel, and small amounts of other alloys.

ASME B&PVC sec2c$u135 05-25-99 11:30:12 pd: sec2c Rev 14.04

SFA-5.29 1998 SECTION II

It is especially intended for use on API 5LX80 pipe

steels.

A7.9.4.9 EXXT1-K9 Electrodes. This electrode

produces weld metal similar to that of the -K2 and

-K3 type electrodes, but is intended to be similar to

the military requirements of MIL-101TM and 101TC

electrodes in MIL-E-24403/2C. The electrode is de-

signed for welding HY-80 steel.

A7.9.5 EXXTX-NiX (Ni-Steel) Electrodes. These

electrodes have been designed to produce weld metal

with increased strength without being air-hardenable or

with increased notch toughness at temperatures as low

as −100°F (−73°C). They have been speciﬁed with

nickel contents which fall into three nominal levels of

1 percent Ni, 2-

⁄

percent Ni, and 3-

⁄

percent Ni

in steel.

With carbon levels of up to 0.12%, strength increases

and permits some of these Ni-steel electrodes to be

classiﬁed as E8XTX-NiX and E9XTX-NiX. However,

some classiﬁcations may produce low-temperature notch

toughness to match the base-metal properties of nickel

steels, such as ASTM A 203 Gr. A, ASTM A 352

Grade LC1 and LC2. The manufacturer should be

consulted for speciﬁc Charpy V-notch impact properties.

Typical base metals would also include ASTM A 302,

A 572, A 575, and A 734.

Many low-alloy steels require postweld heat treatment

to stress relieve the weld or temper the weld metal

and heat-affected zone (HAZ) to achieve increased

ductility. It is often acceptable to exceed the PWHT

holding temperatures shown in Table 8. However, for

many applications, nickel-steel weld metal can be used

without (PWHT). If PWHT is to be speciﬁed for a

nickel-steel weldment, the holding temperature should

not exceed the maximum temperature given in Table

8 for the classiﬁcation considered, since nickel steels

can be embrittled at higher temperatures.

Electrodes of the EXXTX-Ni(X) type are often used

in structural applications where excellent toughness

(Charpy V-notch or CTOD) is required.

A7.9.6 EXXTX-WX (Weathering Steel) Elec-

trodes. These electrodes have been designed to produce

weld metal that matches the corrosion resistance and

the coloring of the ASTM weathering-type structural

steels. These special properties are achieved by the

addition of about

⁄

percent copper to the weld metal.

To meet strength, ductility, and notch toughness in the

weld metal, some chromium and nickel additions are

also made. These electrodes are used to weld typical

weathering steel, such as ASTM A 242 and A 588.

620.8

A7.9.7 EXXTX-G (General Low-Alloy Steel)

Electrodes. These electrodes are described in A2.4.

These electrode classiﬁcations may be either modiﬁca-

tions of other discrete classiﬁcations or totally new

classiﬁcations. The purchaser and user should determine

the description and intended use of the electrode from

the supplier.

A8. Special Tests

A8.1 It is recognized that supplementary tests may

need to be conducted to determine the suitability of these

welding electrodes for applications involving properties

such as hardness, corrosion resistance, mechanical prop-

erties at higher or lower service temperatures, wear

resistance, and suitability for welding combinations of

dissimilar metals. Supplemental requirements as agreed

between purchaser and supplier may be added to the

purchase order following the guidance of ANSI/AWS

A5.01.

A8.2 Diffusible Hydrogen Test

A8.2.1 Hydrogen-induced cracking of weld metal

or the HAZ generally is not a problem with carbon

steels containing 0.3 percent or less carbon, nor with

lower-strength alloy steels. However, the electrodes

classiﬁed in this speciﬁcation are used to join higher-

carbon steels or low-alloy, high-strength steels where

hydrogen-induced cracking may be a serious problem.

A8.2.2 Most ﬂux cored electrodes deposit weld

metal having diffusible hydrogen levels of less than

16 mL/100 grams of deposited metal. For that reason,

ﬂux cored electrodes are generally considered to be

low hydrogen. However, some commercially available

products will, under certain conditions, produce weld

metal with diffusible hydrogen levels in excess of 16

mL/100 grams of deposited metal. Therefore, it may

be appropriate for certain applications to utilize the

optional supplemental designators for diffusible hydro-

gen when specifying the ﬂux cored electrode to be used.

A8.2.3 The user of this information is cautioned

that actual fabrication conditions may result in different

diffusible hydrogen values than those indicated by the

designator.

A8.2.4 The use of a reference atmospheric condi-

tion during welding is necessitated because the arc is

subject to atmospheric contamination when using either

self-shielded or gas shielded ﬂux cored electrodes.

Moisture from the air, distinct from that in the electrode,

can enter the arc and subsequently the weld pool,

contributing to the resulting observed diffusible hydro-

ASME B&PVC sec2c$u135 05-25-99 11:30:12 pd: sec2c Rev 14.04

PART C — SPECIFICATIONS FOR WELDING RODS,

ELECTRODES, AND FILLER METALS SFA-5.29

gen. This effect can be minimized by maintaining as

short an arc length as possible consistent with a steady

arc. Experience has shown that the effect of arc length

is minor at the H16 level, but can be very signiﬁcant

at the H4 level. An electrode meeting the H4 require-

ments under the reference atmospheric conditions may

not do so under conditions of high humidity at the

time of welding, especially if a long arc length is

maintained.

A8.2.5 Electrode extension also affects diffusible

hydrogen with ﬂux cored electrodes. In general, a longer

electrode extension will preheat the electrode more,

which causes some removal of hydrogen-bearing com-

pounds (moisture and lubricants) before they reach the

arc. The result of longer electrode extension can be

reduced diffusible hydrogen. However, excessive elec-

trode extension with external gas shielded electrodes

may cause some loss of gas shielding unless the contact

tip is recessed in the gas cup. If the gas shielding is

disturbed, more air may enter the arc and increase the

diffusible hydrogen. This may also cause porosity due

to nitrogen pickup.

A8.2.6 The reader is cautioned that the shielding

gas itself can contribute signiﬁcantly to diffusible hydro-

gen. Normally, welding-grade shielding gases are in-

tended to have very low dew points and very low

impurity levels. This, however, is not always the case.

Instances have occurred where a contaminated gas

cylinder resulted in a signiﬁcant increase of diffusible

hydrogen in the weld metal. In case of doubt, a check

of gas dew point is suggested. A dew point of −40°F

(−40°C) or lower is considered satisfactory for most

applications.

A8.2.7 Some ﬂux cored electrodes can absorb

signiﬁcant moisture if stored in a humid environment

in damaged or open packages, or especially if unpro-

tected for long periods of time. In the worst cases of

high humidity, even overnight exposure of unprotected

electrodes can lead to a signiﬁcant increase of diffusible

hydrogen. In the event the electrode has been exposed,

the manufacturer should be consulted regarding probable

damage to low-hydrogen characteristics and possible

reconditioning of the electrodes.

A8.2.8 Not all ﬂux cored electrode classiﬁcations

may be available in the H16, H8, or H4 diffusible

hydrogen levels. The manufacturer of a given electrode

should be consulted for availability of products meeting

these limits.

A8.3 Aging of Tensile Specimens. Weld metals may

contain signiﬁcant quantities of hydrogen for some time

620.9

after they have been made. Most of this hydrogen

gradually escapes over time. This may take several

weeks at room temperature or several hours at elevated

temperatures. As a result of this eventual change in

hydrogen level, ductility of the weld metal increases

toward its inherent value, while yield, tensile, and impact

strengths remain relatively unchanged. This speciﬁcation

permits the aging of the tensile test specimens at

elevated temperatures from 200 to 220°F (90 to 104°C)

for up to 48 hours before subjecting them to tension

testing. The purpose of this treatment is to facilitate

removal of hydrogen from the test specimen in order

to minimize discrepancies in testing.

Aging treatments are sometimes used for low-hydro-

gen electrode deposits, especially when testing high-

strength deposits. Note that aging may involve holding

test specimens at room temperature for several days

or holding at a higher temperature for a shorter period

of time. Consequently, users are cautioned to employ

adequate preheat and interpass temperatures to avoid

the deleterious effects of hydrogen in production welds.

A9. Safety Considerations

A9.1 Burn Protection. Molten metal, sparks, slag,

and hot work surfaces are produced by welding, cutting,

and allied processes. These can cause burns if precau-

tionary measures are not used. Workers should wear

protective clothing made of ﬁre-resistant material. Pant

cuffs, open pockets, or other places on clothing that

can catch and retain molten metal or sparks should

not be worn. High-top shoes or leather leggings and

ﬁre-resistant gloves should be worn. Pant legs should

be worn over the outside of high-top shoes. Helmets

or hand shields that provide protection for the face,

neck, and ears, and a protective head covering should

be used. In addition, appropriate eye protection should

be used.

When welding overhead or in conﬁned spaces, ear

plugs to prevent weld spatter from entering the ear

canal should be worn in combination with goggles, or

the equivalent, to give added eye protection. Clothing

should be kept free of grease and oil. Combustible

materials should not be carried in pockets. If any

combustible substance has been spilled on clothing, a

change to clean, ﬁre-resistant clothing should be made

before working with open arcs or ﬂames. Aprons,

cape-sleeves, leggings, and shoulder covers with bibs

designed for welding service should be used. Where

welding or cutting of unusually thick base metal is

involved, sheet metal shields should be used for extra

protection.

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SFA-5.29 1998 SECTION II

Mechanization of highly hazardous processes or jobs

should be considered. Other personnel in the work area

should be protected by the use of noncombustible

screens or by the use of appropriate protection as

described in the previous paragraph. Before leaving a

work area, hot workpieces should be marked to alert

other persons of this hazard. No attempt should be

made to repair or disconnect electrical equipment when

it is under load. Disconnection under load produces

arcing of the contacts and may cause burns or shock,

or both. (Note: Burns can be caused by touching hot

equipment such as electrode holders, tips, and nozzles.

Therefore, insulated gloves should be worn when these

items are handled, unless an adequate cooling period

has been allowed before touching.)

The following sources are for more detailed informa-

tion on personal protection:

(a) American National Standards Institute. ANSI/

ASC Z87.1, Practice for Occupational and Educational

Eye and Face Protection. New York: American National

Standards Institute.

(b) —. ANSI Z41, Personal Protection — Protective

Footwear. New York: American National Standards

Institute.

Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes. Miami,

FL: American Welding Society.

(d) OSHA. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29 —

Labor, Chapter XVII, Part 1910. Washington, DC: U.S.

Government Printing Ofﬁce.

A9.2 Electrical Hazards. Electric shock can kill.

However, it can be avoided. Live electrical parts should

not be touched. The manufacturer’s instructions and

recommended safe practices should be read and under-

stood. Faulty installation, improper grounding, and in-

correct operation and maintenance of electrical equip-

ment are all sources of danger.

All electrical equipment and the workpieces should

be grounded. The workpiece lead is not a ground lead;

it is used only to complete the welding circuit. A

separate connection is required to ground the workpiece.

The correct cable size should be used, since sustained

overloading will cause cable failure and result in possi-

ble electrical shock or ﬁre hazard. All electrical connec-

tions should be tight, clean, and dry. Poor connections

can overheat and even melt. Further, they can produce

ANSI standard may be obtained from the American National

Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036.

AWS standards may be obtained from the American Welding

Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.

OSHA standards may be obtained from the U.S. Government

Printing Ofﬁce, Washington, DC 20402.

620.10

dangerous arcs and sparks. Water, grease, or dirt should

not be allowed to accumulate on plugs, sockets, or

electrical units. Moisture can conduct electricity. To

prevent shock, the work area, equipment, and clothing

should be kept dry at all times. Welders should wear

dry gloves and rubber-soled shoes, or stand on a dry

board or insulated platform.

Cables and connections should be kept in good

condition. Improper or worn electrical connections may

create conditions that could cause electrical shock or

short circuits. Worn, damaged, or bare cables should

not be used. Open-circuit voltage should be avoided.

When several welders are working with arcs of different

polarities, or when a number of alternating current

machines are being used, the open-circuit voltages can

be additive. The added voltages increase the severity

of the shock hazard.

In case of electric shock, the power should be turned

off. If the rescuer must resort to pulling the victim

from the live contact, nonconducting materials should

be used. If the victim is not breathing, cardiopulmonary

resuscitation (CPR) should be administered as soon as

contact with the electrical source is broken. A physician

should be called and CPR continued until breathing

has been restored, or until a physician has arrived.

Electrical burns are treated as thermal burns; that is,

clean, cold (iced) compresses should be applied. Con-

tamination should be avoided; the area should be cov-

ered with a clean, dry dressing; and the patient should

be transported to medical assistance.

Recognized safety standards such as ANSI/ASC

Z49.1, and NFPA No. 70, National Electrical Code,

should be followed.

A9.3 Fumes and Gases. Many welding, cutting, and

allied processes produce fumes and gases which may

be harmful to health. Fumes are solid particles which

originate from welding ﬁller metals and ﬂuxes, the

base metal, and any coatings present on the base metal.

Gases are produced during the welding process or may

be produced by the effects of process radiation on the

surrounding environment. Management, welders and

other personnel should be aware of the effects of these

fumes and gases. The amount and composition of these

fumes and gases depend upon the composition of the

electrode and base metal, welding process, current level,

arc length and other factors.

The possible effects of over exposure range from

irritation of eyes, skin, and respiratory system to more

severe complications. Effects may occur immediately

NFPA documents are available from the National Fire Protection

Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.

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PART C — SPECIFICATIONS FOR WELDING RODS,

ELECTRODES, AND FILLER METALS SFA-5.29

or at some later time. Fumes can cause symptoms such

as nausea, headaches, dizziness and metal fume fever.

The possibility of more serious health effects exists

when especially toxic materials are involved. In conﬁned

spaces, the shielding gases and fumes might displace

breathing air and cause asphyxiation. One’s head should

always be kept out of the fumes. Sufﬁcient ventilation,

exhaust at the arc, or both, should be used to keep

fumes and gases from your breathing zone and the

general area.

In some cases, natural air movement will provide

enough ventilation. Where ventilation may be question-

able, air sampling should be used to determine if

corrective measures should be applied.

Special precautions should be used when welding

with the electrodes of the B3, B6, and B8 series. As

a group, the fumes from the normal use of these

electrodes contain signiﬁcant amounts of hexavelant

chromium (Cr VI) compounds. The permissible expo-

sure limit (PEL) and the threshold limit value (TLV

)

for Cr VI of 0.05 mg/m

as chromium will be exceeded

before reaching the 5.0 mg/m

threshold limit value

for general welding fume. Therefor, for these products,

monitoring for hexavelant chromium will be more

conservative than monitoring for general welding fume.

Short-term effects of excessive overexposure to Cr VI

present in fumes may be an irritation to the breathing

system. Some people may have allergic reactions. Chro-

mium VI is considered a carcinogen by the International

Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the National

Toxicology Program (NTP). However, evidence from

studies involving welding fumes and gases containing

chromium compounds do not conﬁrm any carcinogenic

risk when exposures are held within OSHA mandated

limits.

More detailed information on fumes and gases pro-

duced by the various welding processes may be found

in the following:

(a) The permissible exposure limits required by

OSHA can be found in Code of Federal Regulations,

Title 29 — Labor, Chapter XVII, Part 1910.

(b) The recommended threshold limit values for these

fumes and gases may be found in Threshold Limit

Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents in

the Workroom Environment, published by the American

Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists

(ACGIH)

ACGIH documents are available from the American Conference of

Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 1330 Kemper Meadow Drive,

Suite 600, Cincinnati, OH 45240-1634

620.11

in a report entitled, Fumes and Gases in the Welding

Environment.

A9.4 Radiation. Welding, cutting, and allied opera-

tions may produce radiant energy (radiation) harmful

to health. One should become acquainted with the

effects of this radiant energy.

Radiant energy may be ionizing (such as x-rays), or

nonionizing (such as ultraviolet, visible light, or infra-

red). Radiation can produce a variety of effects such

as skin burns and eye damage, depending on the radiant

energy’s wavelength and intensity, if excessive exposure

occurs.

A9.4.1 Ionizing Radiation. Ionizing radiation is

produced by the electron beam welding process. It is

ordinarily controlled within acceptance limits by use

of suitable shielding enclosing the welding area.

A9.4.2 Nonionizing Radiation. The intensity and

wavelengths of nonionizing radiant energy produced

depend on many factors, such as the process, welding

parameters, electrode and base-metal composition,

ﬂuxes, and any coating or plating on the base metal.

Some processes, such as resistance welding and cold

pressure welding, ordinarily produce negligible quanti-

ties of radiant energy. However, most arc welding and

cutting processes (except submerged arc when used

properly), laser beam welding and torch welding, cut-

ting, brazing, or soldering can produce quantities of

nonionizing radiation such that precautionary measures

are necessary.

Protection from possible harmful effects caused by

nonionizing radiant energy from welding include the

following measures:

(a) One should not look at welding arcs except

through welding ﬁlter plates which meet the require-

ments of ANSI/ASC Z87.1, Practice for Occupational

and Educational Eye and Face Protection. It should

be noted that transparent welding curtains are not

intended as welding ﬁlter plates, but rather are intended

to protect passersby from incidental exposure.

(b) Exposed skin should be protected with adequate

gloves and clothing as speciﬁed in ANSI/ASC Z49.1,

Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes.

and all personnel should be protected from intense

reﬂections. (Note: Paints using pigments of substantially

zinc oxide or titanium dioxide have a lower reﬂectance

for ultraviolet radiation.)

(d) Screens, curtains, or adequate distance from

aisles, walkways, etc., should be used to avoid exposing

passersby to welding operations.

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SFA-5.29 1998 SECTION II

(e) Safety glasses with UV-protective side shields

have been shown to provide some beneﬁcial protection

from ultraviolet radiation produced by welding arcs.

A9.4.3 Ionizing radiation information sources in-

clude the following:

(a) American Welding Society F2.1-78, Recom-

mended Safe Practices for Electron Beam Welding and

Cutting.

(b) Manufacturer’s product information literature.

A9.4.4 Nonionizing radiation information sources

include the following:

(a) American National Standards Institute. ANSI/

ASC Z136.1, Safe Use of Lasers. New York: American

National Standards Institute.

(b) —. ANSI/ASC Z87.1, Practice for Occupational

and Educational Eye and Face Protection. New York:

American National Standards Institute.

Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes. Miami,

FL: American Welding Society.

(d) Hinrichs, J. F. ‘‘Project Committee on Radia-

tion — Summary Report.’’ Welding Journal 57 (1):62–

65, 1978.

(e) Marshall, W. J., Sliney, D. H., et al. ‘‘Optical

Radiation Levels Produced by Air-Carbon Arc Cutting

Processes.’’ Welding Journal 59 (3):43–46, 1979.

620.12

(f) Moss, C. E., and Murray, W.E. ‘‘Optical Radia-

tion Levels Produced in Gas Welding, Torch Brazing,

and Oxygen Cutting.’’ Welding Journal 58 (9):37–

46, 1979.

(g) Moss, C. E. ‘‘Optical Radiation Transmission

Levels through Transparent Welding Curtains.’’ Welding

Journal 58 (3): 69-s to 75-s, 1979.

(h) National Technical Information Service.

Non-

ionizing Radiation Protection Special Study No. 42-

0053-77, Evaluation of the Potential Hazards from

Actinic Ultraviolet Radiation Generated by Electric

Welding and Cutting Arcs. Springﬁeld, VA: National

Technical Information Service.

(i) National Technical Information Service. Nonion-

izing Radiation Protection Special Study No. 42-0312-

77, Evaluation of the Potential Retina Hazards from

Optical Radiation Generated by Electrical Welding

and Cutting Arcs. Springﬁeld, VA: National Technical

Information Service.

A10. Changed or Obsolete Classiﬁcations

The E80T1-W classiﬁcation from A5.29-80 has been

changed to E8XT1-W2, -W2M to conform with other

documents.

National Technical Information documents are available from the

National Technical Information Service, Springﬁeld, VA 22161.