Алиев Т.И. Сети ЭВМ и телекоммуникации

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123456 1. 789A5 BCADEABF C2DA32EAA 55 

1.5. CB3B86 3B43E34 4CF3BBB 4D8A7C36

27A7

/454343D 589343D 567EB845 FBE F32C3BEFD 

A454345 589343 CFEB4595 785BFF3 (5835E

2344)  785BFF3 7B8B23 2344.

/454343D 589343D CFEB4595 785BFF3

578B2BDBEFD 8B636 A45485C34D 5E2B4 567EB85C FBE

 F75F556 8B33 5835E 2344 C 567EB845 FBE.

+835E3 2344 C 567EB84 FBED 65BE E 8B35C343

2C6D F75F536:

• 212343A-CC D2D5, 78 5E585 5835E3 2344

83F78B2BDBEFD 6B2 4BF56 36 (567EB836) 

C754DBEFD 7383B45;

• 3C52A9D6CC D2D5, 78 5E585 2344B

5833EC3EFD C 52456 B4E83456 B (567EB8B), C 3BFECB

5E58595 545 CFE73BE FB8CB8, 78 %E56 289B 567EB8

83FF63E8C3EFD 3 B4E (23$44B EB8643), A5868B

3785F  B4E83456 .

/454343D 589343D 785BFF3 7B8B23 2344 C

43EB45 FEB7B4 578B2BDBEFD:

• 1D1DD D2C999 69D43E1569 6B2 354B4E36 FBE –

1D1DD D599;

• 35D49 26A3C9 529D (75E536 2344),

8B3B66 43 834 85C4D OSI-652B.

1.5.1. 25D64

'B8B233 2344 C 567EB845 FBE 78B275393BE 589343

ABF595  59BF595 F5B24B4D 6B2 C3652BFEC6

755C3EBD6 FBE (54B46 36).

%2C99 69D43E1569 6B2 354B4E36 567EB845 FBE

43C3BEFD E%392. #566E3D C FBE 65BE E 8B35C343

8346 F75F536 (8F.1.26), 5E58B 6545 83E 43 2CB 9877:

• F75F5 566E3 B 7856BE54595 834B4D 2344;

• F75F5 566E3 F 834B4B6 2344 C 7856BE54

3.

1 3BFECB F75F53 566E3 B 7856BE54595 834B4D

2344 C 567EB84 FBED 786B4DBEFD 566E3D 3435C,

F75B63D C E832544 53A3DCC7F FBED FCD.

-D 7B8B23 2344 C DB532C7F FBED  83835E34 45C

F75F5 566E3 – 566E3D F55B4, 78B2753933D

F755C34B C 3BFECB 5C FCD F7B385C344 F8B2FEC

CFEB45 EB4, E5 75C5D5 8B35C3E C 7856BE54

3 834B4B 7B8B23C3B6 2344, 5BF7BC3BB 8D2 78B6BFEC

75 F83C4B4 F 566E3B 3435C. -34B*BB 83CEB F75F55C

123456 1. 789A5 BCADEABF C2DA32EAA 55 

566E3 5 43783CB45 43 F5CB8*B4FEC5C34B 566E3

F55B4 2D 5BF7BB4D 578B2BB44595 3BFEC3 7B8B23 2344.

83FF65E86 7B8BFB44B F75F5 566E3  C 785BFFB

F83C4EB4595 3433 CDC6 78FB 6 25FE54FEC3  4B25FE3E.

1.5.1.1. FB92 7DBC

E%39 9A9E 5F45C343 43 A58685C34 B24595

ABF595 F5B24B4D (3433) 6B2 C3652BFEC6

354B4E36 2D 4B75F8B2FECB445 7B8B23 2344  543 C 54B E3

B, 3 %E5 8B3BEFD C E832544 EBBA544 FBED (8F.1.27).

4F 354B4E .

5BE 7B8B23E 2344B 354B4E .

, E5 7B8B2

43356 7B8B23 54 78B2C38EB45 25B4 FE345CE F5B24B4B F

354B4E56 .

7EB6 75F F7B34595 FB4595 F55B4D «5 –

 2&% ! 54%&5&%5», 5E585B «78532C3BE» 7E, A5868D C

3256  7856BE54 5C 4B75F8B2FECB445B ABF5B

(%BE8BF5B) F5B24B4B 6B2 C5246  C5246 758E36 3.

'5FB E595, 3 FB45B F55B4B 25FE94BE 354B4E3 .

, 75FB24

A5868BE  75F3BE 75 F5234456 7E (638*8E) 354B4E .

45C5B

FB45B F55B4B «C – "4 5#4% ! 54%&5&%5», 752ECB823BB

FE345CB4B F5B24B4D 6B2 354B4E36 FBE. (55 75FB 75B4D

E3595 F55B4D 354B4E .

65BE 433E 7B8B23 F55B4D 

354B4E .

75 FE345CB4456 638*8E. 523445B ABF5B

"' 4,, 20%%

6B 7856BE54595

834B4D 2344

7856BE546

834B4B6 2344

#566E3D 3435C

#566E3D

F55B4

#566E3D

73BE5C

#566E3D DBB

1.26

1.27

123456 1. 789A5 BCADEABF C2DA32EAA 55 

F5B24B4B 545 FBFECBE C EBB4B C8B6B4 7B8B23 2344,

43C3B6595 29AE  22 (session), 75 3CB8*B4 5E58595 %E5

F5B24B4B 65BE E 838*B45. (35 343 6B2 2C6D 354B4E36

FBE 43C3BEFD FB2AAB  E%3F%2B, C 5EB 5E

A2E%3F%2E!E (B22AAE!E) 3433, 5E58 A5868BEFD

B2452  FBFECBE 75FE5D445 , 75 834B 6B8B, C EBB4B

2EB4595 C8B6B4, 4B3CF65 5E E595, 7B8B23EFD 2344B  B

343 785FE3C3BE.

1 785FEB*B6 F3B B FBE F 566E3B 3435C 6545

83FF63E8C3E 3 7B8B3EB, 5BF7BC3 C 32 656B4E

C8B6B4 %BE8BF5B F5B24B4B 6B2 2C6D 758E36 (E536 C523

 C523) 3. 1 EBBA5445 FBE E36 «7B8B3EBD6» DCDEFD

3CE563EBFB EBBA544B FE34 (.( ).

# 5F45C46 4 %& 2, 566E3 3435C 5E45FDEFD:

• 6DDCD15B 91DABD6C9 FBFEC  25FE3E545 585*5

83CE 53A3DCC7F 1353E 169;

• D51515693 C3DFD49D159 6 F2C3C99 3234637F 4CC7F C

7856BE54 3 FBE;

• 671D .3596CD15B 29 323483 DAB&9F D/3D6 4CC7F,

75F5 C %E56 F3B 5E45FEB45B 43B4B 43324 83F525C 43

FE345CB4B F5B24B4D 53C3BEFD 4B43EB46.

1 E5 B C8B6D 566E3D 3435C 5323BE FB26

FB8$46 &54 2 42,%:

• 343 FCD 43 CFB6 7E 7B8B23 2344 4DAC7 935B

D49CD673 2D1C73 1D1DCD159  5BF7BC3E 52435C F585FE

7B8B23 2344, C 785EC456 F3B, BF 7857F43D F75F545FE

4B5E58595 3433 FCD 53BEFD 6B4*B 7857F45 F75F545FE

78B22B95 3433, 78552$E 75EB8D 7B8B23C3B6 2344, 75F5

C 7856BE54 3 5EFEFECBE C56545FE AB885C34D

(C836B44595 834B4D) 2344;

• DAB&93 CA4C73 21FD47 C 15CD6A3C93 1D349C3C9 43

433456 %E37B, E5 4B93EC45 F3C3BEFD 78 7B8B23B 4B5*

5$65C 2344, 75F5 C %E56 F3B 5E45FEB45B 43B4B

43324 83F525C 43 FE345CB4B F5B24B4D 53C3BEFD

FBFECB446, E5 78C52E  4B%AABEC456 F755C34 8BF8F5C

(7857F45 F75F545FE) 3435C FCD, E5 785DCDBEFD C 43EB456

6B4*B4 8B345 F585FE 7B8B23 2344 75 5E45*B4 

63F6345 C56545 F585FE 3433, 43C3B65 2D1CDE

1D1DCD15B;

• EBBA544B 343 FCD, 58B4E85C344B 43 7B8B23 955F3,

6BE F83C4EB45 45B 3BFEC5  5BF7BC3E 7B8B23

567EB84 2344 1 C3671DDE 1D2D15B, E5 4B 75C5DBE 

F755C3E C CF55F585FE4 639FE834 FBED.

.EB843EC5 566E3 3435C, FE834DB 78FB B

4B25FE3E, DCDBEFD 566E3D F55B4.

123456 1. 789A5 BCADEABF C2DA32EAA 55 

1.5.1.2. FB92 6BB5D28

E%39 EE")2A, C 5EB 5E 566E3 3435C,

78B275393BE 834B4B 7B8B23C3B6 F55B4 C AB845 736DE

7856BE54 5C, 4352DFD 43 7E 7B8B23, 5E58

78532C3BEFD C 3256 B C F55ECBEFEC F 323446 3958E656

638*8E3 (8F.1.28). '8 %E56 4B E8BBEFD 78B2C38EB45

FE343CC3E F5B24B4B 6B2 C3652BFEC6 354B4E36.

4F 354B4E .

B3BE 7B8B23E F55B4B  354B4E .

, E5 54, 4B

FE343CC3D 4B75F8B2FECB445B F5B24B4B F .

, 75F3BE F55B4B 

 FCD,  5E5856 54 752$4. (36 F55B4B 834EFD C AB8B

3 C EBB4B 4B5E58595 C8B6B4, 4B5526595 2D 3433 3955C3,

578B2BB4D C F55ECBEFEC F 323446 3958E656 638*8E3

FB2B95 3 , C56545, 5234D 5FC552B4D 3433 FCD F

%E6 56, BF 343 34DE 7B8B23B 834BB 5835E344595 F55B4D.

'8552D E36 58356 B8B CFB , 4352DBFD 43 7E 7B8B23,

F55B4B 25FE93BE 54B4595 354B4E3 .

. +E6BE6 B$ 83, E5

43783CB4B 7B8B23 F55B4D, E5 BFE B95 638*8E C FBE,

578B2BDBEFD E55 75FB 75FE7B4D F55B4D C E5E  45 B

FBE, 3 4B FE343CC3BEFD 3834BB, 3 %E5 785F52E 78 566E3

3435C.

6395238D E35 589343 7B8B23 2344 6B2

C3652BFEC6 354B4E36, 566E3D F55B4 5323BE

FB26 4D15D9C1569 75 F83C4B4 F 566E3B 3435C:

• C3 523351 23462953ABCD3 15CD6A3C93 1D349C3C9, E5

FBFECB445 F43BE 43324B 83F52, 45 4B 2B3BE  4BC6,

75F5 6BEFD 4B785C52EB4B 3E83E C8B6B4 C 3256 B

43 5835E 3955C3  8B33 3958E63 638*8E3; 52435 C

B56 %E 3E83E FBFECB445 6B4*B 75 F83C4B4 F 3E83E36 43

FE345CB4B F5B24B4D 78 566E3 3435C;

• 343 FCD 43 CFB6 7E 7B8B23 659E 6BE 2C73

2D1C73 1D1DCD159, 75F5 AB885C34B F55B4 C 3

FBE 75C5DBE F932E 83B C 7857F4 F75F545FED C524595 

C524595 3435C 3.

+34D1559 566E3 F55B4 DCDEFD:

• C3DFD49D15B F2C3C9 3234637F 1DD 3C9E C

7856BE54 3, E5 E8BBE 43EB45 $65FE AB845

1.28

123456 1. 789A5 BCADEABF C2DA32EAA 55 

736DE, 5E583D 83FFEC3BEFD 3 785CB2B4B $65FE 524595 AB83

43 63F6345 C56545B 5BFEC5 F55B4, 5E58B 5245C8B6B445

659E 4352EFD C B; $65FE 524595 AB83 2543 E 83FFE343

43 F55B4D 63F6345 24, 5E583D, 43786B8, 2D C2B5 A35C

65BE F5FE3CDE 4BF55 9933E, E5 2B3BE $65FE AB845

736DE 3 4B5783C23445 5*5; 78 %E56 5%AAB4E F755C34D

(398) AB845 736DE 53C3BEFD 4B43EB46, 75F5

5*4FEC5 F55B4, 3463D 524 AB8, 2E 6BE 24 64595

6B4*B, B6 $65FE AB83;

• 432 6 2D35D8C7F AF D35 D5B1

C8953ABCDE, 5F5B445 -3 5*595 C8B6B4 5234D 5FC552B4D

C524595 3433 FCD 78 5*5 398B FBE, E5 78C52E 

CBB4 C8B6B4 25FE3C F55B4;

• DCDDA99 12347 323489 (3433 FCD) 43 2EB4

7856BE5 C8B6B4 78 7B8B23B 244 F55B4 78C52E 

4B5783C23445 5*6 32B836 585E F55B4 C FCD F

5234B6 5FC552B4D 3433, 2EB45FE 5E58595 65BE

6459583E45 78BC*3E C8B6D 4B75F8B2FECB445 7B8B23 %E

F55B4.

1.5.1.3. FB92 75BC

E%39 923E 5E3BEFD 5E 566E3 F55B4 *

EB6, E5 325B F55B4B C FBE 83C3BEFD 43 5 AF85C3445

24

constL

(856B 75FB24B95 53:

7

≤

), 43C3B6

9239 (8F.1.29), 32  5E58 6BBE FE8E8 343594

FE8E8B F55B4: 3955C5, EBFE , C56545, 54BC. '8 %E56,

3955C CFB 73BE5C 524595  E595 B F55B4D F52B83E 524  EB B

328BF3 4343B4D  FE543. #32 73BE F55B4D 7B8B23$EFD C

FBE 3 4B3CF6 5 2344 C F55ECBEFEC F 328BF56 4343B4D,

33446 C 3955CB.

#566E3D 73BE5C 75 F83C4B4 F 566E3B F55B4

75C5DBE 8B35C3E 5BB %AABEC4 7B8B23 2344 3 F$E

FB2 78F B 4D15D9C156:

•

6B4*BB C8B6D 25FE3C F55B4D C FBE;

•

5BB %AABEC45B F755C34B AB845 736DE C 3;

-344B

3 #

3 # '

=const

1.29

123456 1. 789A5 BCADEABF C2DA32EAA 55 

• 5BB %AABEC43D 589343D 432$45 7B8B23 2344;

• F8B23 7B8B23 4B 6545758BEFD 5246 F55B4B6 43

2EB45B C8B6D;

• 32B83 73BE5C C 3 6B4*B, B6 32B83 F55B4.

83FF65E86 325B  7B8BFB44 25FE54FEC 5BB 7528545.

5,5&!35&%5 #5,5&% 4 24% 75&%2 78 566E3

73BE5C 25FE93BEFD 3 F$E 7383B45 7B8B23 73BE5C 75 34336

FCD. '53B6 %E5 43 FB2B6 786B8B.

'556, E5 F55B4B 245 L 7B8B23$EFD 5E 354B4E3 .



354B4E .

C FBE F 566E3B F55B4 E3, 3 %E5 753345 43

8F.1.28. 1 785BFFB 7B8B23 F55B4B 78552E B8B K 3435C FCD

F 52435C6 7857F46 F75F545FED6



)

(

−

7856BE54

3. 18B6D 7B8B23 F55B4D 245 L C 52456 343B

F 7857F45 F75F545FE

C 2BE 83C45:

t = .

'8B4B8B93D

C8B6B4B6 83F785FE834B4D F9433 C 343B FCD  32B85 F55B4D

C 3, 578B2B6 C8B6D 25FE3C F55B4D 5E 354B4E3 .

 354B4E

tKT == .

'556 EB7B8, E5 C 83FF63E8C3B65 FBE 8B35C34 7847

566E3 73BE5C,  7B8B23C3B65B 5E 354B4E3 .

 354B4E .

F55B4B 245 L 83C3BEFD 43

73BE5C, 243 32595  5E58

83C43

l = .

(5923 C8B6D 7B8B23 73BE3 C 343B F 7857F45

F75F545FE

C 2BE 83C45:

# #

t == .

#3  834BB, 78B4B8B93D

C8B6B4B6 83F785FE834B4D F9433 C 343B FCD  32B85 F55B4D

C 3, 578B2B6 C8B6D 25FE3C F55B4D 5E 354B4E3 .

 354B4E

. +BC245, E5 7B8C 73BE 2BE 25FE3CB4  354B4E .2 3 C8B6D

Ktt == .

)3 656B4E 25FE3C  354B4E .

7B8C595 73BE3 '

5FE34B 73BE '

, '

F55B4D, 2C93DF 75 E56 B 638*8E,

53EFD C 7856BE54 3, 3 %E5 753345 43 8F.1.30, 3 73BE

, …, '

2E 4352EFD C F52456 B  354B4E3 .

1.30

123456 1. 789A5 BCADEABF C2DA32EAA 55 

-34B*BB 7B8B6BB4B 73BE5C 78CB2$E  E56, E5 73BE '

53BEFD  354B4E3 .

B8B C8B6D

712

)1(

ttt

=+= . .435945,

73BE '

53BEFD  354B4E3 .

B8B C8B6D

723

)2(

ttt

=+= ,  E.2..

'5FB246  354B4E .

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8E46. 83CEB 567EB84

EB4559  75DCB4B 4B55265FE 7B8B23 6E6B24

2344, E3 3 8B  C2B5, C2C45, 438D2 F 432$45 25FE3C5,

45C5B E8B5C34B  7B8B23B 2344 C 567EB84 FBED: 6463D

C8B6B4 25FE3C F55B4. -D 8B33 %E5 54B7 C 433B

2BCD45FE 9525C 785*595 FE5BED 3 83835E343 FBEBC3D

123456 1. 789A5 BCADEABF C2DA32EAA 55 

EB4559D, 75C*3D 43C34B Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) -

#58%, 2%&(#&&2 "5#542$%, 4343B4B 5E585 – 7B8B233

6E6B24 2344 C 567EB845 FBE F 646345 32B85.

#3 5 753345 C*B 78 83FF65E8B4 566E3 73BE5C,

B6 585B 73BE, EB6 6B4*B C8B6D 25FE3C CFB95 F55B4D. ,F52D

 %E595, C .("-FBED C 3BFECB B24 7B8B23 2344  C834

5 836B856 C 53 3E3 (5 3E – 3955C5  48 3E – 2344B),

43C344 83EDE (8F.1.32). E5 FE8344 836B8 DB 75DCFD C

8BE3EB 567856FF3 2C 785EC52BFEC 9877,  5E58

5243 98773 (75 5245  CB8F: E832544B FCDFE – EBBA54FE)

43FE3C33 43 6B4*B6 43B4 75D 2344 C 32 3E3, 3 2893D

(567EB8) – 43 43B4 C 64 3E3. -BFECEB45, 6B4*BB

43B4B 836B83 DB 5BF7B5  6B4*B 32B8 78 25FE3CB

2344, 52435 4B FB2BE 3C3E, E5 78 %E56 C583FE3E 43324B

83F52 43 7B8B23 3955C5C DBB, E5 F43BE 75B4

(%AABEC4) 7857F4 F75F545FE F8B2 7B8B23. 1 .("-FBED

%E5 F4B4B F5FE3CDBE 555 10% . 4F B 836B8 75D 2344 2BE

32 3E3, E5 78 E56 B 3955CB C 5 3E F4B4B 75B45 7857F45

F75F545FE F5FE3CE 13,5%. '8463D C5 C4634B, E5 C

6E6B24 FBED 545 F75EFD CF55F585FE4B 343,

75EB8 7857F45 F75F545FE 659E 533EFD 43EB46, E5

5E83EB45 F3BEFD 43 %5456BF5 %AABEC45FE 567EB845

FBE.

'52C52D E59 F334456, 6545 5E6BEE FB2B 4D15D9C156

566E3 DBB:

• 63B4B 32B8 DBB (4B 6545758BEFD 343 FCD);

• FE83D 5835E3 3955C3 DB C 3, 75F5

6BFE5755B4B 3955C3 FE8595 AF85C345;

• 5BB %AABEC43D, 75 F83C4B4 F 566E3B 73BE5C,

589343D AB845 736DE  432B45 7B8B23 2344.

+F45C46 C34D155D 566E3 DBB DCDBEFD:

• 43B F83C4EB45 5* 43324 83F525C 43 7B8B23

3955C3 (75E 10%) , 3 FB2FECB, 43EB43D 75EB8D 7857F45

F75F545FE, 5F5B445 C F3B CF55F585FE4 3435C FCD.

$D59 35D6  D59 CAD6 – 5F45C4B F75F5

7B8B23 2344 C 567EB84 FBED, 75F5 566E3D 73BE5C

5BF7BC3BE 5BB %AABEC4 7B8B23 2344 B8B '- 75

F83C4B4 F 566E3B F55B4 (C 7B8C 5B8B2, 43EB45

6B4*B 32B8), 3 566E3D 3435C 65BE E 25FE3E545 B95

8B35C343 43 5F45CB FBFECB EBBA5445 FBE.

1.5.2. 282#E 77D6 D752

'3BE C FBE 659E 7B8B23C3EFD 2C6D F75F536 (8F.1.33):

• 43E52C7;