Алиев Т.И. Сети ЭВМ и телекоммуникации

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6 – 78B2FE3CB4D 6 – presentation layer

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3 – FBEBC5 3 – network layer

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1 – ABF 1 – physical layer

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OSI-652B, 578B2BD 785BFF 78552B4D F9435C B8B F8B2

7B8B23 6B2 FBEBC6 FE85FEC36 (36 FBE).

.*3A935 783CB4B 34356 FCD:

• 752B4B  5EB4B 3433 FCD;

• A58685C34B 7B8B23C3B6 F9435C  E.7.

%917635:

• 6B34BFB, %BE8BFB  A45434B 383EB8FE

F8B2 7B8B23;

• F8B2FEC3 2D FE345CB4D, 7522B834D  83B24B4D

ABF595 F5B24B4D.

%31389635 78 4B55265FE:

• 5285C34B 2344;

• 652D F9433, 7B8B23C3B6595 75 F8B2B.

1.19

123456 1. 789A5 BCADEABF C2DA32EAA 55 

-344B ABF595 85C4D 78B2FE3CDE F55 75E5 E5C

(75FB25C3EB45FE 4B  B24), 35285C344B C C2B

%BE8BF, 57EBF  8325 F9435C.

,-3 43D 756B, C52BFEC 43 %BE8BF 4

FCD, E3E2FAE34 2F29, 6B8DB63D 3 CB85DE45FE F3B4D

524595 E3, F5FE3CDBE 10

-4

– 10

-6

. !E5 5433BE, E5 C F8B24B6 43 10000 –

1000000 E 7B8B23C3B6 2344 524 E 53C3BEFD F3$446.

1.3.3.2. FDED8 9ABC5DE

2&26!&'2 #5&!  #5&! "5#542$% 42&&'( (data link layer)

DCDBEFD CE586 85C4B6 OSI-652B.

*3A935 783CB4B:

• 25FE756 FBEBC FE85FEC  F8B2B 7B8B23, 5923 2C3  5BB

FE85FEC 659E F755C3E 524  E B F8B2 7B8B23;

• 432B45 7B8B23B 2344 C 343B FCD, 75C5DB

CBE 25FE5CB845FE 7B8B23 2344 43 2-4 758D23.

%917635 6BE52 25FE73 FBEBC FE85FEC  F8B2B 7B8B23,

5F45C344B, 43786B8, 43 7B8B23B 638B83  43 F57B84BFECB.

%31389635:

• A45434B  785B284B F8B2FEC3 2D FE345CB4D,

7522B834D  838C3 F5B24B4D;

• 783CB4B 75E556 2D 78B25EC83B4D 7B8B754B4D

78B64595 FE85FEC3, BF B95 F585FE 6B4*B, B6 F585FE

7B8B23B95 FE85FEC3;

• 432B4 7B8B23 2344 B8B ABF 343 F

CB85DE45FE F3B4D 2344 10

-8

– 10

-9

3 F$E 786B4B4D 6BE525C 

F8B2FEC3 54E85D 7B8B23C3B6 2344  75CE5845 7B8B23 2344

78 5438B4 5*.

(36 58356, 3434 85CB4 5BF7BC3BE 25FE3E545

432B4 7B8B23 2344 B8B 4B432B4 ABF 343.

65 2344, 7B8B23C3B6 43 343456 85C4B, 43C3BEFD

9FE (frame).

)3 CABCD 2D6C3 75DCDBEFD FC5FEC5 42313D159

7B8B23C3B6 2344 C C2B 998319F (&9CC7F) 4231D6, 43C3B6

E3B MAC-9F29  DCDFD 545 4346

2B4EA3E5836 FBEBC FE85FEC.

#3 2BE 753345 C 832BB 3, 4CB8F34B ". -328BF3 C 01

Ethernet  Token Ring DCDEFD 6-3E46  37FC3EFD C

*BFE4323EB8456 C2B, 78$6 3E 328BF3 832BB4 2BAF56,

43786B8: 00-19-45-A2-B4-DE .

# 785B2836 3434595 85C4D 5E45FDEFD:

• 253CB4B C 328 F55ECBEFEC 328BF5C;

• 54E85 5*5;

• 75CE5843D, 78 4B55265FE, 7B8B233 3285C.

)3 343456 85C4B 835E3E 01 Ethernet, Token Ring  FDDI.

123456 1. 789A5 BCADEABF C2DA32EAA 55 

1.3.3.3. 55CB8 9ABC5DE

5 52 #5&! (network layer), C 5EB 5E 2C 78B22,

5ECB3BE 3 7B8B23 2344 C '-  783CDBE 638*8E3B

F55B4 – 7B8B23B B8B 4BF55 3435C FCD 75 5245 

4BF56 FBED6, E5 545 E8BBE CB4D C 73BE 13536DD 4231

753EBD.

65 2344, 7B8B23C3B6 43 FBEBC56 85C4B, 43C3BEFD 923E

(packet).

1232E 9F2 – %E5 F7BABF 2B4EA3E58 2D 325

7856BE545 FBE 6B2 FE5456  78B6456 4A5863.

BEBC5 85CB4 8B3BE:

• 5835E 5*5,

• 6E7BF85C34B 73BE5C;

• 783CB4B 75E536 2344.

36B CBFE4B 785E55 %E595 85C4D:

• 9.25 C FBED F 566E3B 73BE5C;

• IP C FBED TCP/IP;

• IPX/SPX C FBED NetWare.

#856B E595,  FBEBC56 85C4 5E45FDEFD 785E55 75FE85B4D

638*8E4 E3 2D 638*8E3E585C: OSPF, RIP, ES-IS, IS-IS.

1.3.3.4. AD6BAD8 9ABC5DE

#2&"# &'2 #5&! (transport layer) 435BB 4EB8BFB4 

CF* 85C4B 2D 3264FE83E585C  83835E5C FBEB, E3 3 54

783CDBE FC545 7B8B23B F55B4 6B2 554B46 36 FBE

("end-end"), 5BF7BC3D 432B45FE  %5456BF %AABEC45FE

7B8B23 2344 4B3CF65 5E 755C3EBD. '8 %E56 554B4B 

C56545 C3652BFECE B8B 4BF55 5C  23B B8B

4BF55 E834E4 FBEB.

)3 E834F758E456 85C4B 8B3BEFD:

1) 23D2D6C93 4A9CC7F 1DD 3C9E 6 357 78  7B8B23B C

FBE  583E45B 78B5835C34B;

2) DC52DAB D1A34D653ABCD159 2DFD43C9 35D6;

3) 23A92D6C93 529 6 1359;

4) 21DC6C93 4A92D6CC7F 35D6   4E5B4B.

75F5 56643 "end-end" 5B93BEFD BB 5246 F75F556

328BF3 – 9F2E FE29, 5E58 F55E45FEFD F 578B2BB445

783245 785983665 (783246 785BFF56), C754DB65 43

567EB8B. #567EB8 545 C754DBE 5245C8B6B445 4BF55

78598366, C FCD F B6 4B55265 43E 35 783245 78598366B

(785BFF) 78B24343B45 75FE7C*BB F55B4B.

-D %E595 43

E834F758E456 85C4B F75BEFD F7B34 328BF, 43C3B6

24#5, "# 2. BEBC5 85CB4 25FE3CDBE 32 73BE 43 548BE4

328BF 567EB83, 3 E834F758E4 85CB4 7B8B23$E 7545FE F583445B

F55B4B 548BE456 7832456 785BFF 43 %E56 567EB8B.

123456 1. 789A5 BCADEABF C2DA32EAA 55 

(834F758E4 85CB4 65BE 78B25FE3CDE 834B E7

FB8CF5C, C 3FE45FE, 7B8B23 2344 B FE345CB4D F5B24B4D 

F 78B2C38EB46 FE345CB4B6 F5B24B4D. 1 75FB24B6 F3B 7B8B2

43356 7B8B23 2344 F F755C34B6 F7B34 783CD

73BE5C FE343CC3BEFD F5B24B4B F E834F758E46 85C4B6 567EB83,

5E5856 78B24343B4 7B8B23C3B6B 2344B. '5FB E595 3 CFB 2344B

7B8B234, 752B4B 334C3BEFD. '8 7B8B23B 2344 B

FE345CB4D F5B24B4D E834F758E4 85CB4 F75BEFD 2D

7B8B23 52454 73BE5C, 43C3B6 43E529, 4B 93834E8D

 432B4 25FE3C. 'B8B233 2344 F FE345CB4B6 F5B24B4D

786B4DBEFD 2D 432B45 25FE3C 2344.

1.3.3.5. 5D6BC8 9ABC5DE

52&'2 #5&! (session layer) 5BF7BC3BE 5FC34B 2C

"FCD344" 43 85C4B 78B2FE3CB4D 2344 5BE5C FBE  783CDBE

CB2B4B6 23593 6B2 46 7EB6 F48543, 33BFD C

FE345CB FB4 6BE5 C4E8 244 F55B4. !E 6BE

75C5DE 75FB 5438B4D 5* 75CE58E 7B8B23 2344 4B F

F36595 4333, 3 E55 F E595 6BFE3, 92B 4352EFD 3*3D

78B223D 6BE3 75 5E45*B4  6BFE C5445CB4D 5*.

B34F5C 85CB4 78B25FE3CDBE F9 75 589343 

F48543 56B43 23446 6B2 785BFF36 85C4D 78B2FE3CB4.

)3 FB34F5C56 85C4B 8B3BEFD:

1) 15CD6A3C93 1D349C3C9 F 328BF3E56  26A3C93 13C1D;

2) DD249C9 169 29A4C7F 2D2 43 2C 835

FE34D.

1.3.3.6. ABC5DE A56C5D2

5#5&! "#54 265&%. (presentation layer) 5BF7BC3BE

F5C5745FE FB4 57B83, 5E58B 6545 C83E 43

7832456 85C4B 2D 4EB878BE3 7B8B23C3B6  753B6

2344. !E FB4B 57B83 C3E C FBD:

• 26A3C93 9CD29DCC7 D3CD;

• 23D2D6C93 (323D492D6) 4CC7F C5 C4E8B44 A5863E

325 548BE45 !1"  583E45;

• &92D6C93 9 43&92D6C93 4CC7F F B 3E 5E

4BF345485C344595 25FE73;

• 1593 4CC7F, 75C5DBB 6B4*E 5$6 7B8B23C3B6

2344, E5 5F5B445 3E345 78 7B8B23B 6E6B24 2344,

E3 3 325  C2B5.

B4B 57B83 %E595 85C4D 78B2FE3CDE F55 5F45C CFB

FB685C4BC5 652B  D6DA5 16765B 6D349CD 5329CA7 9

1234156 67891A953ABCDE 53FC99 (DB5327) 17F 2C7F 59D6 9

2D96D4953A3E.

123456 1. 789A5 BCADEABF C2DA32EAA 55 

1.3.3.7. A27DB8 9ABC5DE

C#%4624&2 #5&! (application layer) 5BF7BC3BE

4B75F8B2FECB44 7522B8 78324 785BFF5C  78598366

54B4595 755C3EBD, 3 E3B 783CB4B C3652BFECB6 %E

78598366 F 8346 5BE36 FBE. -896 F5C36, 783245

85CB4 5BF7BC3BE 4EB8ABF 6B2 783246 '+  FFEB65 FCD.

+4 78B25FE3CDBE 783245 78598366B 25FE7  8346 FBEBC6

F36, C3D 7B8B23 A35C  %BE8544 75E.

1.3.3.8. AB566 5A542 6BB5D28 C OSI-B52

(2C1D25C7E, 13C1D67E, 234156953AB19E 9 29A4CDE 2D6C9

(85C4 4 – 7) 5E45FDEFD  '3%, #&., OSI-,456%. 1 5EB 5E

&%33%( #&52 (1 – 3) 54 5ECB3E 3 56643 E73 "end-end",

E.B. 56643 6B2 FE5456  78B6456 F55B4D.

1 F55ECBEFEC F OSI-652B F55B4D C 7B8B23B6 365 

(567EB8B) 78552DE C4 B8B CFB 85C4 5E CB84B95 5

25 F36595

44B95 5

(8F.1.20), 78B6 6459585C4BC3D 589343D 783CB4D

785BFF36 C FBE 758523BE 4B55265FE 652A85C3E 43 3256

85C4B 7B8B23C3B6B F55B4D 786B4EB45  A4D6,

8B3B66 43 %E56 85C4B. "52A3D 33BEFD C 253CB4 

F55B4 43 3256 85C4B F55ECBEFEC 3955C5C 



54BC5C 

, 43C3B6 E"F92A2 EE")2A, C 5E58

F52B8EFD 4A5863D 5 328BF3 C3652BFEC 5BE5C, 3 E3B

4A5863D, 4B55263D 2D 5835E F55B4D 43 234456 85C4B.

#5923 F55B4B 25FE93BE 4*B95 (ABF595) 85C4D 5

, 545

7B8BF3BEFD  28956 36  C C2B 75E53 E5C, 78B2FE3CDB95

F55 ABFB F943 (%BE8BFB, 57EBFB  8325C54)

5356 (% 5,2)  5356 (% 5,2) 

1.20

…

"D5D 95D6

123456 1. 789A5 BCADEABF C2DA32EAA 55 

7B8B23B F8B2. 1 78B6456 B (567EB8B) F55B4B 5E 44B95

ABF595 85C4D 5

78552E 43CB8 B8B CFB 85C4, 92B 5E 4B95

5EFB3EFD F55ECBEFECB 3955C  54BC. (36 58356,

32 85CB4 57B88BE F F5FECB446 3955C56  54BC56, 3

FBE B95 5BF7BC3BEFD 4B3CF65FE 2344, 5E45FDFD  8346

85C4D6 783CB4D 7B8B23B F55B4.

1.3.4. IEEE-27 2D3E 8757

,4FEEE 4B4B85C 75 %BE854B  %BE85EB4B (Institute of

Electrical and Electronics Engineers – IEEE) 78B25 C3834E OSI-652B,

F75B6 78 83835EB  785BE85C34 534 FBEB 

75C* 43C34B IEEE-E2.

1 IEEE-652B 3434 85CB4 83C3BEFD 43 2C3 75285C4D

(8F.1.21):

• E%FE2A4 %F92A E3%E  F22 2F29 (Medium

Access Control, MAC-E%FE2A4), 57FC3 1D1D 4D15 13536DD

152DE156  12343 323489 4CC7F;

• E%FE2A4 %F92A E!2 E2A2A2 (Logical Link

Control, LLC-E%FE2A4), 57FC3 1D1D 15CD6A3C9 9

632&3C9 1D349C3C9, 3 E3B 1D1D 323489 4CC7F.

LLC-"4#5&! 78B25-

FE3CDBE 5BB CF56 85C4D6

C56545FE 783CDE 3BFE-

C56 F9  5BF7BC3BE FB8CF

E8B E75C:

1) 132691 3 15CD6A3C9

1D349C3C9 9 3 D4563243C9

4D1569;

2) 132691 3 15CD6A3C9

1D349C3C9 1 D4563243C93

4D1569;

3) 132691 1 15CD6A3C93

1D349C3C9.

B8CF B FE345CB4D

F5B24B4D  752ECB82B4D

25FE3C 4B 93834E8BE 25FE3C 2344  545 786B4DBEFD C

785B4D, F75 2D 54E85D 7B8B23 2344  3E 5E

5*5 785E55 5BB CF5 85C4B.

B8CF F FE345CB4B6 F5B24B4D 5BF7BC3BE 432B4 56B4

23446.

73C45 A4B -#&. DCDBEFD 5BF7BB4B 25FE73 

343 7B8B23 2344. )3 %E56 85C4B A5868BEFD ABF 328BF

FE85FEC3, 5E58 43C3BEFD 7(1-9F2E. #325B FE85FEC5 FBE

2B4EA8BEFD %E6 C9ABC7 328BF56, 5E58 78FC3C3BEFD CFB6

FBEBC6 FE85FEC36.

1 - ABF

2 - 9A94AB

3 - FBEBC5

4 - E834F758E4

FB34F5C

78B2FE3C

B4D

783245

5#&% OSI-,456%

MAC

C4#&%

IEEE-

,456%

LLC

1.21

123456 1. 789A5 BCADEABF C2DA32EAA 55 

1.3.5. 1234564 6357F78D 6 2522D

+7F34B FBEBC5 EB4559  3958E63 A45485C34D

567EB845 FBE FCD345 F 57F34B6 F55ECBEFEC 4EB8ABF5C 

785E555C.

CA32FD2 – F593*B4B 5 C3652BFEC (9834B) 6B2

85C4D6 5245 FFEB6, 578B2BDBB FE8E8 2344  F75F5

(3958E6) 56B43 23446 34 1D134C99 2D6C9 OSI-652B.

,4EB8ABF 752832BDEFD 43:

1) 1F3C73 – F5C5745FE 4EB8ABF4 *4;

2) 2D2C73 – F5C5745FE 785B28 8B3 758D25

C3652BFECD 6B2 85C4D6.

*FE3EE – F5C5745FE 783C, 8B936B4E8 A5863E 

785B28 C3652BFECD 785BFF5C D4CD93CC7F 2D6C3E 43 5F45CB

56B43 F55B4D6.

+7F34B 785E553 78B275393BE 3234B:

1) 61%$542 (2#24 5#% %4% "# 462, 578B2BDB

15252 (A5863E)  1D432C93 (FB634E) 1DD 3C9E 7E$6

7B8BFB4D E75C F55B4   F6F3;

2) "#054#&2 (2#24 5#% %4% "# 462, 78B2FE3CDB

F55 269A 67DAC3C9 43E1569E, 78B27F344 785E5556

C3652BFECD  323C3B6 C A586B: 57B83E584 FB6 3958E65C.

3CE563E4 652BB, FBEB 'BE8  28.

8F.1.22 FE88BE 754DED 4EB8ABF5C  785E555C  

F55ECBEFECB 85C4D6 OSI-652B.

#3 F3345 C*B, 323D FBEBC3D EB4559D 383EB8BEFD

F5C5745FE 785E555C  4EB8ABF5C 834 85C4B OSI-652B.

5C5745FE 785E555C CFB 85C4B 4B5E585 FBEBC5 EB4559

'B8B233D F8B23

1 - physical 1 - ABF

2 - data link 2 - 3434

3 - network 3 - FBEBC5

4 - transport 4 - E834F758E4

5 - session

5 - FB34F5C

6 - presentation 6 - 78B2FE3CB4D

7 - application

7 - 783245

FEB63 (B) 

FEB63 (B)



C# 46'

A& 5#/52'

1.22