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АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ПЛАСТОВЫХ СИСТЕМ МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЙ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ

Влияние эффективного давления и температуры

на величину интервального времени образцов

Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ Ƚɂɋ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ

ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɪɨɬɚɠɚ. Ɍɟɫɧɵɟ

ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɩɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɨɥɧ, ɩɥɨɬɧɨ-

ɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ

ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ-

ɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. ɇɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟ-

ɦɨɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱ-

ɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ (22 ɢ 80 °ɋ) ɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɠɢ-

ɦɚ (0,1–60 Ɇɉɚ).

ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɶɧɵɦ

ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɢ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧ-

ɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 5.

Рис. 5. Зависимости интервального времени от пористости образцов при различных

давлениях и температурах

y = 3,8488x + 227,56

= 0,6384

y = 2,4216x + 209,7

= 0,8338

y = 2,6101x + 215,68

= 0,6537

220,0

230,0

240,0

250,0

260,0

270,0

280,0

290,0

300,0

10,0 11,0 12,0 13,0 14,0 15,0 16,0

ɉɨɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɶ, %

ɂɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɬɦ ɢ ɩɥ, ɦɤɫɦ

dtp ɚɬɦ

dtp ɩɥ Ɍ = 80 ɋ

dtp ɩɥ Ɍ = 22 ɋ

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СБОРНИК НАУЧНЫХ СТАТЕЙ

Влияние эффективного давления и температуры

на акустический импеданс образцов

ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ-

ɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ȺɄ ɜɫɟ ɱɚɳɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭ-

ɸɬ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ȺɄ ɢ ȽȽɄ

. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɦɩɟ-

ɞɚɧɫ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ. Ⱥɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɦ-

ɩɟɞɚɧɫ Z ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ

ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɭɩɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɨɥɧ v

ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɭɸ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ-

ɪɨɞɵ į

ɩɨɪɨɞɵ: Z = v

. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɨɤɚ-

ɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ

ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɨɬ 2,23 ɞɨ 2,35 ɝ/ɫɦ

Рис. 6. Зависимость интервального времени образцов от эффективного давления

y = 274,69x

-0,0315

= 0,9943

y = 285,12x

-0,0332

= 0,9909

235,0

240,0

245,0

250,0

255,0

260,0

265,0

270,0

275,0

280,0

285,0

0 102030405060

ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, Ɇɉɚ

ɂɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɦɤɫɦ

Ɍ = 80 ɋ

Ɍ = 22 ɋ

ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ

ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɩɨ-

ɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ (ɪɢɫ. 6).

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Ɉɩɢɪɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜɵɲɟɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɜɵ-

ɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɥɟɤ-

ɰɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɚɱɢɦɨɜɫɤɢɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ

ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢɦɩɟɞɚɧɫɨɦ ɢ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɶɸ (ɪɢɫ. 7).

ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɤɚɤ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧ-

ɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ ɜɵ-

ɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɬɟɫɧɨɬɭ ɫɜɹɡɢ

ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɪɢɫɬ

ɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢɦɩɟɞɚɧɫɨɦ.

Рис. 7. Зависимость акустического импеданса от пористости образцов

в атмосферных и пластовых условиях

y = -0,200x + 10,917

= 0,800

y = -0,1973x + 11,8

= 0,9155

y = -0,1994x + 12,149

= 0,971

7,5

8,0

8,5

9,0

9,5

10,0

10,5

10,0 11,0 12,0 13,0 14,0 15,0 16,0

ɉɨɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɶ ɚɬɦ ɢ ɩɥ., %

Ⱥɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɦɩɟɞɚɧɫ ɚɬɦ ɢ ɩɥ., 10

ɤɝɦ

Ⱥɤ. ɢɦ. ɩɥ. 22 ± ɋ

Ⱥɤ. ɢɦ. ɩɥ. 80 ± ɋ

Ⱥɤ. ɢɦɩ. ɚɬɦ

Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɦɩɟɞɚɧɫɚ ɨɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜ-

ɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 8

ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ.

ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ

ɢɦɩɟɞɚɧɫɚ ɧɟɜɟɥɢɤɨ – ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɬ 22 ɞɨ 80 °ɋ

ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɦɩɟɞɚɧɫɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 3–5 %.

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СБОРНИК НАУЧНЫХ СТАТЕЙ

ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɞɚɜɥɟ-

ɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ ɩɟɬɪɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ

ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɚɱɢɦɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ

ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɷɬɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɨɬ

ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɥɚɫɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ

ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ.

ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ

ɩɟɬɪɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɚɱɢɦɨɜɫɤɢɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɞɟ-

ɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɛɚɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ.

Список литературы

1. Ⱥɜɱɹɧ Ƚ.Ɇ. ɉɟɬɪɨɮɢɡɢɤɚ ɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɜ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɧɵɯ

ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ / Ƚ.Ɇ. Ⱥɜɱɹɧ, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ɇɚɬɜɢɟɧɤɨ, Ɂ.Ȼ. ɋɬɟɮɚɧɤɟɜɢɱ. – Ɇ.:

ɇɟɞɪɚ, 1979. – 224 ɫ.

Рис. 8. Зависимость акустического импеданса образца от эффективного давления

y = 8,3239x

0,0337

= 0,9937

y = 8,0213x

0,0354

= 0,9913

8,00

8,20

8,40

8,60

8,80

9,00

9,20

9,40

9,60

9,80

0 102030405060

ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, Ɇɉ ɚ

Ⱥɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɦɩɟɞɚɧɫ, 10

ɤɝ/ɦ

Ɍ = 80 ɋ

Ɍ = 22 ɋ

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АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ПЛАСТОВЫХ СИСТЕМ МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЙ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ

2. Ƚɭɞɨɤ ɇ.ɋ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɵɯ ɫɪɟɞ /

ɇ.ɋ. Ƚɭɞɨɤ. – Ɇ.: ɇɟɞɪɚ, 1970. – 208 ɫ.

3. Ⱦɚɯɧɨɜ ȼ.ɇ. Ƚɟɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪ-

ɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɝɚɡɨɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ / ȼ.ɇ. Ⱦɚɯɧɨɜ. –

Ɇ.: ɇɟɞɪɚ, 1975. – 344 ɫ.

4. Ⱦɚɯɧɨɜ ȼ.ɇ. Ʉɚɪɨɬɚɠ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ, ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɹ ɤɚɪɨɬɚɠɧɵɯ

ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦ / ȼ.ɇ. Ⱦɚɯɧɨɜ. – Ɇ.: Ƚɨɫɬɨɩɬɟɯɢɡɞɚɬ, 1941. – 563 ɫ.

5. Ⱦɨɛɪɵɧɢɧ ȼ.Ɇ. Ⱦ

ɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ

ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɝɚɡɚ / ȼ.Ɇ. Ⱦɨɛɪɵɧɢɧ. – Ɇ.: ɇɟɞɪɚ,

1970. – 239 ɫ.

6. Ⱦɨɛɪɵɧɢɧ ȼ.Ɇ. ɉɟɬɪɨɮɢɡɢɤɚ: ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɜɭɡɨɜ / ȼ.Ɇ. Ⱦɨɛ-

ɪɵɧɢɧ, Ȼ.ɘ. ȼɟɧɞɟɥɶɲɬɟɣɧ, Ⱦ.Ⱥ. Ʉɨɠɟɜɧɢɤɨɜ. – Ɇ.: ɇɟɞɪɚ, 1991. –

368 ɫ.

7. ɀɭɤɨɜ ȼ.ɋ. Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ

ɩɨɪɨɞ (ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɟɬɪɨɮɢɡɢɤɚ) // Ƚ

ɨɪɧɵɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-

ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɛɸɥɥɟɬɟɧɶ. – 2002. – ʋ 9. – ɋ. 59–63.

8. ɀɭɤɨɜ ȼ.ɋ. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚ-

ɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɝɚɡɚ //

Ȼɭɪɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɧɟɮɬɶ. – 2006. – ʋ 1. – ɋ. 8–9.

9. Ʉɭɡɶɦɢɧ ɘ.Ɉ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɝɟɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɢ ɮɢɡɢ-

ɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ / ɘ.Ɉ. Ʉɭɡɶɦɢɧ, ȼ.ɋ. ɀɭɤɨɜ. – Ɇ.:

Ƚɨɪɧɚɹ ɤɧɢɝɚ, 2004. – 256 ɫ.

10. ɉɚɜɥ

ɨɜɚ ɇ.ɇ. Ⱦɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ

ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ / ɇ.ɇ. ɉɚɜɥɨɜɚ. – Ɇ.: ɇɟɞɪɚ, 1975. – 240 ɫ.

11. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ

ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ: ɫɩɪɚɜ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ / Ɇ.Ɇ. ɉɪɨɬɨɞɶɹɤɨɧɨɜ,

Ɋ.ɂ. Ɍɟ ɞɟɪ, ȿ.ɂ. ɂɥɶɧɢɰɤɚɹ ɢ ɞɪ. – Ɇ.: ɇɟɞɪɚ, 1981.

12. Ɋɵɠɨɜ Ⱥ.ȿ. Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɟɦɤɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɧɢɡɤɨɩɪɨ-

ɧɢɰɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɢ ɢɯ ɢɡ

ɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɡɚɥɟɠɢ //

ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɝɚɡɨɧɨɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɋɋɋɊ. – Ɇ.: ȼɇɂɂȽȺɁ, 1990. – ɋ. 52–59.

13. Ɋɵɠɨɜ Ⱥ.ȿ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɥɶ-

ɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɧɢɡɤɨɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɵɯ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚɯ / Ⱥ.ȿ. Ɋɵɠɨɜ,

ɇ.ȼ. ɋɚɜɱɟɧɤɨ // Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɝɚɡɨ-

ɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. – Ɇ.: ȽȺɇȽ, 1994. – ɋ. 111.

14. ɋɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤ ɩɨ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɝɨɪ-

ɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨ

ɞ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɯ / ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ.

Ɇ.ɉ. ȼɨɥɚɪɨɜɢɱɚ. – Ɇ.: ɇɟɞɪɚ, 1978. – 237 ɫ.

15. ɋɬɚɜɪɨɝɢɧ Ⱥ.ɇ. Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟ-

ɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ / Ⱥ.ɇ. ɋɬɚɜɪɨɝɢɧ, Ⱥ.Ƚ. ɉɪɨɬɨɫɟɧɹ. – Ɇ.: ɇɟɞɪɚ,

1992. – 224 ɫ.

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16. ɏɚɧɢɧ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɉɟɬɪɨɮɢɡɢɤɚ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜ /

Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɏɚɧɢɧ. – Ɇ.: ɇɟɞɪɚ, 1976. – 295 ɫ.

17. Carpenter Ch.B. Compressibility measurement of consolidated

oil sands / Ch.B. Carpenter, G.B. Spenser // Oil weekly. – 1940. –

V. 100. – ʋ 3. – P. 22–29.

18. Fatt I. Compressibility of sandstone at low to moderate pres-

sure // Bulletin American Associate of Petroleum Geologists. – 1958. –

V. 42. – ʋ 8. – P. 1924–1929.

19. Geertsma J. The effect of À uid pressure decline on volume

changes of porous rocks // Trans. AIME. – 1957. – V. 210. – P. 331–339.

20. Terzachi K. Soil mechanics in engineering practice. – 2-nd ed. /

K. Terzachi, R. Peck. – New-York: John Willey and Sons, 1967.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ОТНОСИТЕЛЬНЫХ ФАЗОВЫХ

ПРОНИЦАЕМОСТЕЙ ПОРИСТЫХ СРЕД

ПРИ РАЗЛИЧНОЙ СМАЧИВАЕМОСТИ

С.Г. Рассохин

Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ

ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶ-

ɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɫ ɩɨɪɨɞɨɣ. ɋɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟ-

ɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɥɸɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɫɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ-

ɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɢɩɚ ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ. Ɍɚɤ, ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɝɢ-

ɩɨɬɟɡɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɥɸɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ

ɜɨɞɚ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɫɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɶ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɧɤɢɟ ɩɨɪɵ ɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɵ, ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞ-

ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɢɪɭɹ ɫ ɩɨɪɨɞɨɣ. ɀɢɞɤɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ

ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɪɚɯ ɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɯ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɨɜ (ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢ-

ɱɢɢ ɜɨɞɵ – ɧɚɞ ɟɟ ɩɥɟɧɤɨɣ). ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɥɸɛɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ-

ɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɮɥɸɢɞɚɦɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ

ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ, ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶ-

ɧɵɟ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɪɭɝɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɝɢ-

ɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɨɣ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɪɨɥɶ ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɩɪɢ-

ɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɜɨɞɟ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɨɪɨ-

ɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ, ɧɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɚɹ ɧɟɮɬɶɸ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɦ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ

ɦɢɤɪɨɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɩɥɟɧɨɤ ɢɥɢ ɝɥɨɛɭɥ, ɩɪɢ ɡɧɚɱɢ-

ɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɮɚɡɨɣ ɞɢɫɩɟɪɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ,

ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ. ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ,

ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɚ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɚɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚ-

ɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɢ ɤɪɚɟɜɵɯ ɢ ɩɨ-

ɞɨɲɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɭɸ

ɠɢɞɤɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɮɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɦɨɠɟɬ

ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɡɚɳɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɣ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɨ-

158

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ɪɢɫɬɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɚ, ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɟɬ ɤ ɫɬɟɧ-

ɤɚɦ ɩɨɪ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɬɨɧɤɢɟ ɩɨɪɵ ɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɵ, ɨɫɬɚɜɚɹɫɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɝɥɨɛɭɥ

ɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɩɨɪɚɯ. ȼ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɨɣ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ

ɜɨɞɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɪɚɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɡɚ-

ɳɟɦɥɟɧɢɸ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɬɨɧɤɨɩɨɪɨɜɵɯ ɡɨɧɚɯ ɩɥɚ-

ɫɬɚ ɡɚ ɮɪɨɧɬɨɦ ɜɵɬɟɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɨɣ.

ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬ

ɨ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨ-

ɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɚ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶ-

ɧɨɣ ɜ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɞɚɜɧɨ. ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ

ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ Ɇɢɱɢɝɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɟ ɟɳɟ ɜ

1927 ɝ. ȼ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ

ɨɰɟɧɤɨɣ ɟɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ-

ɧɢɦɚɥɢɫɶ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɪɚɛɨɬ [1, 2, 3, 4 ɢ ɞɪ.]. ɉɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ

ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ

«ɧɟɮɬɶ – ɜɨɞɚ». Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɥɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧ-

ɧɭɸ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɭ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɹɯ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɜɨɞɵ

ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ. Ɍɚɤ, Ɍ. Ƚɟɮɮɟɧ [5]

ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɬɢɩ ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɪɟ-

ɞɵ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɮ-

ɬɢ ɢ ɫɨɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɢɯ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɜ-

ɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨ-

ɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɨɥɥɟɤ-

ɬɨɪɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ, ɡɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛ-

ɧɨɣ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ

ɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ.

ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɢɡɜɥɟ-

ɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ, ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ ɫɬɚ-

ɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɨɣ. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ,

ɱɬɨ ɤɟɪɧɵ ɫɨ ɫɥɚɛɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ

ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɨɬɞɚɱɢ ɤɪɢɜɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚ-

ɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɧɟɮɬɟɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɱɟɦ ɜɟɥɢɱɢ-

ɧɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɵɯ

ɩɨɪɨɞɚɯ. Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɪɧɵɦ, ɩɨ-

ɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɫɢɥɵ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɟɪɧɚɯ

ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵ. ɇɟɮɬɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɳɟɦɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɩɨɪɚɯ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɪɚ-

ɞɢɭɫɨɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɟɪɧɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɩɢɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɪɨ-

ɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɦɟɥɤɢɟ ɩɨɪɵ ɢ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɵ. ɐɟɥɢɤɢ

159

АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ПЛАСТОВЫХ СИСТЕМ МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЙ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ

ɧɟɮɬɢ ɜ ɩɥɚɫɬɟ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɩɨɪɚɯ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɤɪɭ-

ɠɟɧɵ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɢ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ, ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭ-

ɸɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɵ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɧɹɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɧɚɫɵ-

ɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɜɭɯɮɚɡɧɨɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ-

ɰɢɢ, ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ.

ȼ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨ-

ɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɥɢɲɶ ɧɟ

ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɥɢɹ-

ɸɬ ɧɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɟɣ, ɜ ɬɨ ɠɟ

ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɥɢ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ

ɬɚɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ

ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɧɚ ɨɬɧɨ-

ɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɤɨɧ-

ɤɪɟɬɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ.

ɉɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜ ɩɥɚɫɬɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ

ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɟɟ ɝɢɞɪɨ-

ɮɨɛɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɟ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɫ ɩɨɪɨɞɨɣ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟ-

ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ. ɋɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨ-

ɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢ-

ɫɬɢɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢ-

ɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɜɨɡ-

ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɫɬ.

ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɛɵɥɢ

ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɫ-

ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ

ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɚɯ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɬɢɩɨɦ

ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɢ-

ɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɤɟɪɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ ɤɟɪɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ

ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ, ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɚɡɨɬɭ ɢ

ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɍɨɪɰɟɜɵɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɨɜ ɤɟɪ-

ɧɚ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɲɥɢɮɨɜɵɜɚɸɬ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɭɸ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɭ ɤɟɪɧɚ

ɭɩɚɤɨɜɵɜɚɸɬ ɜ ɬɨɧɤɭɸ ɧɢɤɟɥɟɜɭɸ ɮɨɥɶɝɭ ɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɸɬ ɜ ɪɭɤɚɜ ɢɡ

ɬɟɮɥɨɧɚ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɬɟɮɥɨɧ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɭ, ɜ ɪɟ-

ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ, ɫɠɢɦɚɹɫɶ, ɟɝɨ ɫɥɨɣ ɨɛɠɢɦɚɟɬ ɤɟɪɧ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢ-

ɜɚɟɬ ɩɥɨɬɧɭɸ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭ ɜɫɟɣ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ

ɬɨɪɰɟɜɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɟɪɧɚ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬ

ɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɭ ɤɟɪɧɚ ɩɨɦɟɳɚ-

ɸɬ ɜ ɪɭɤɚɜ ɢɡ ɛɟɧɡɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɣ ɪɟɡɢɧɵ ɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜ ɤɟɪɧɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɢ-

160

СБОРНИК НАУЧНЫХ СТАТЕЙ

ɫɬɟɦɵ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɤɟɪɧɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɸɬ ɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚ-

ɸɬ ɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɪɟɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ.

ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ

ɫɪɟɞɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ. ɉɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚ-

ɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɵɫɭɲɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɟɪɧ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣ-

ɫɬɜɚɦɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɟɬ ɰɟɥɹɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɥɨɧɤɭ ɤɟɪ-

ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɩɨ

ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɵɯ ɫɜ

ɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦ-

ɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɨɤɨɥɨ 25 °C ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɟɟ ɩɪɨɤɚɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ

ɦɚɫɥɚ ɢ ɥɟɝɤɨɣ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ 10 ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɩɨɪ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɝɢɞɪɨ-

ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɦɚɫɥɹɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɭɞɚɥɹɸɬ ɢɡ ɩɨɪɢ-

ɫɬɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɡɚɤɚɱɤɨɣ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɯɨ-

ɞɚ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ

ɠɢɞɤɢɦɢ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚɦɢ, ɛɥɢɡɤɚɹ ɤ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɢ

ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹ-

ɟɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ, ɤɟɪɧ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɧɟ

ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ. ȿɫɥɢ ɠɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɩɨɧɢɠɟ-

ɧɢɟ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɧɚ-

ɝɪɟɜ ɤɟɪɧɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɹ ɞɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ 90 °C ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨ-

ɤɚɱɤɨɣ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɦɟɬɚɧɚ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɤɚɱ-

ɤɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ

ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɩɥɟɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ (ɩɪɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɤɚɱɤɟ, ɞɨ

100 ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɩɨɪ).

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɢɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɥɶ-

ɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɮɥɸɢɞɨɜ. ɋɦɟɫɶ ɝɚ-

ɡɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɣ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɮɚɡ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɸɬ ɧɟ-

ɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɫɭɬɨɤ. ɗɬɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ

ɞɥɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɮɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɫɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ

ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɮɥɸɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫɟɪɢɹ

ɨɩɵɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɦ

ɮɚɡ ɜ ɩɨɬɨɤɟ. ɉɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɡ ɨɬ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɤ ɨɩɵɬɭ

ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ

ɪɟɠɢɦ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɞɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ

ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɩɚɞ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ

ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɥɚɫɬ

ɚ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɨɛɴɟ-

ɦɵ ɡɚɤɚɱɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɜɲɢɯ ɤ ɜɵɯɨɞɭ ɮɥɸɢɞɨɜ.